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Men X, Han X, La IJ, Lee SJ, Oh G, Im JH, Fu X, Lim JS, Bae KS, Seong GS, Lee DS, Choi SI, Lee OH. Ameliorative Effects of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract on Muscle Atrophy in Dexamethasone-Induced C2C12 Cell And Hind Limb-Immobilized C57BL/6J Mice. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 39167545 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented red ginseng (FRG) enhances the bioactivity and bioavailability of ginsenosides, which possess various immunomodulatory, antiaging, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic properties. However, the effects of FRG extract on muscle atrophy and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of FRG extract on muscle atrophy using both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro experiments used dexamethasone (DEX)-induced C2C12 myotubes to assess cell viability, myotube diameter, and fusion index. In vivo experiments were conducted on hind limb immobilization (HI)-induced mice to evaluate grip strength, muscle mass, and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastrocnemius (GAS), quadriceps (QUA), and soleus (SOL) muscles. Molecular mechanisms were investigated through the analysis of key signaling pathways associated with muscle protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and protein degradation. FRG extract treatment enhanced viability of DEX-induced C2C12 myotubes and restored myotube diameter and fusion index. In HI-induced mice, FRG extract improved grip strength, increased muscle mass and CSA of GAS, QUA, and SOL muscles. Mechanistic studies revealed that FRG extract activated the insulin-like growth factor 1/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, promoted muscle energy metabolism via the sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1α pathway, and inhibited muscle protein degradation by suppressing the forkhead box O3a, muscle ring-finger 1, and F-box protein (Fbx32) signaling pathways. FRG extract shows promise for ameliorating muscle atrophy by modulating key molecular pathways associated with muscle protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and protein degradation, offering insights for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | - Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Im
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Xiaolu Fu
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - June-Seok Lim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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2
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Rebboah E, Rezaie N, Williams BA, Weimer AK, Shi M, Yang X, Liang HY, Dionne LA, Reese F, Trout D, Jou J, Youngworth I, Reinholdt L, Morabito S, Snyder MP, Wold BJ, Mortazavi A. The ENCODE mouse postnatal developmental time course identifies regulatory programs of cell types and cell states. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598567. [PMID: 38915583 PMCID: PMC11195270 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Postnatal genomic regulation significantly influences tissue and organ maturation but is under-studied relative to existing genomic catalogs of adult tissues or prenatal development in mouse. The ENCODE4 consortium generated the first comprehensive single-nucleus resource of postnatal regulatory events across a diverse set of mouse tissues. The collection spans seven postnatal time points, mirroring human development from childhood to adulthood, and encompasses five core tissues. We identified 30 cell types, further subdivided into 69 subtypes and cell states across adrenal gland, left cerebral cortex, hippocampus, heart, and gastrocnemius muscle. Our annotations cover both known and novel cell differentiation dynamics ranging from early hippocampal neurogenesis to a new sex-specific adrenal gland population during puberty. We used an ensemble Latent Dirichlet Allocation strategy with a curated vocabulary of 2,701 regulatory genes to identify regulatory "topics," each of which is a gene vector, linked to cell type differentiation, subtype specialization, and transitions between cell states. We find recurrent regulatory topics in tissue-resident macrophages, neural cell types, endothelial cells across multiple tissues, and cycling cells of the adrenal gland and heart. Cell-type-specific topics are enriched in transcription factors and microRNA host genes, while chromatin regulators dominate mitosis topics. Corresponding chromatin accessibility data reveal dynamic and sex-specific regulatory elements, with enriched motifs matching transcription factors in regulatory topics. Together, these analyses identify both tissue-specific and common regulatory programs in postnatal development across multiple tissues through the lens of the factors regulating transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rebboah
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Narges Rezaie
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Brian A. Williams
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Annika K. Weimer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Minyi Shi
- Department of Next Generation Sequencing and Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, San Francisco, USA
| | - Xinqiong Yang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Heidi Yahan Liang
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | | | - Fairlie Reese
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Diane Trout
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Jennifer Jou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Ingrid Youngworth
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | | | - Samuel Morabito
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Barbara J. Wold
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
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3
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Quinn CJ, Cartwright EJ, Trafford AW, Dibb KM. On the role of dysferlin in striated muscle: membrane repair, t-tubules and Ca 2+ handling. J Physiol 2024; 602:1893-1910. [PMID: 38615232 DOI: 10.1113/jp285103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysferlin is a 237 kDa membrane-associated protein characterised by multiple C2 domains with a diverse role in skeletal and cardiac muscle physiology. Mutations in DYSF are known to cause various types of human muscular dystrophies, known collectively as dysferlinopathies, with some patients developing cardiomyopathy. A myriad of in vitro membrane repair studies suggest that dysferlin plays an integral role in the membrane repair complex in skeletal muscle. In comparison, less is known about dysferlin in the heart, but mounting evidence suggests that dysferlin's role is similar in both muscle types. Recent findings have shown that dysferlin regulates Ca2+ handling in striated muscle via multiple mechanisms and that this becomes more important in conditions of stress. Maintenance of the transverse (t)-tubule network and the tight coordination of excitation-contraction coupling are essential for muscle contractility. Dysferlin regulates the maintenance and repair of t-tubules, and it is suspected that dysferlin regulates t-tubules and sarcolemmal repair through a similar mechanism. This review focuses on the emerging complexity of dysferlin's activity in striated muscle. Such insights will progress our understanding of the proteins and pathways that regulate basic heart and skeletal muscle function and help guide research into striated muscle pathology, especially that which arises due to dysferlin dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Quinn
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - E J Cartwright
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - A W Trafford
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - K M Dibb
- Unit of Cardiac Physiology, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.14 Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
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4
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Zhang Z, Luo W, Chen G, Chen J, Lin S, Ren T, Lin Z, Zhao C, Wen H, Nie Q, Meng X, Zhang X. Chicken muscle antibody array reveals the regulations of LDHA on myoblast differentiation through energy metabolism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127629. [PMID: 37890747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast proliferation and differentiation are highly dynamic and regulated processes in skeletal muscle development. Given that proteins serve as the executors for the majority of biological processes, exploring key regulatory factors and mechanisms at the protein level offers substantial opportunities for understanding the skeletal muscle development. In this study, a total of 607 differentially expressed proteins between proliferation and differentiation in myoblasts were screened out using our chicken muscle antibody array. Biological function analysis revealed the importance of energy production processes and compound metabolic processes in myogenesis. Our antibody array specifically identified an upregulation of LDHA during differentiation, which was associated with the energy metabolism. Subsequent investigation demonstrated that LDHA promoted the glycolysis and TCA cycle, thereby enhancing myoblasts differentiation. Mechanistically, LDHA promotes the glycolysis and TCA cycle but inhibits the ETC oxidative phosphorylation through enhancing the NADH cycle, providing the intermediate metabolites that improve the myoblasts differentiation. Additionally, increased glycolytic ATP by LDHA induces Akt phosphorylation and activate the PI3K-Akt pathway, which might also contribute to the promotion of myoblasts differentiation. Our studies not only present a powerful tool for exploring myogenic regulatory factors in chicken muscle, but also identify a novel role for LDHA in modulating myoblast differentiation through its regulation of cellular NAD+ levels and subsequent downstream effects on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Department of Orthaepedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Genghua Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shudai Lin
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Tuanhui Ren
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zetong Lin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changbin Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huaqiang Wen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xun Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Abmart, 333 Guiping Road, Shanghai 200033, China.
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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5
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Mohan NH, Pathak P, Buragohain L, Deka J, Bharati J, Das AK, Thomas R, Singh R, Sarma DK, Gupta VK, Das BC. Comparative muscle transcriptome of Mali and Hampshire breeds of pigs: a preliminary study. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3946-3961. [PMID: 37587839 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2244988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Muscle development is an important priority of pig breeding programs. There is a considerable variation in muscularity between the breeds, but the regulation mechanisms of genes underlying myogenesis are still unclear. Transcriptome data from two breeds of pigs with divergent muscularity (Mali and Hampshire) were integrated with histology, immunofluorescence and meat yield to identify differences in myogenesis during the early growth phase. The muscle transcriptomics analysis revealed 17,721 common, 1413 and 1115 unique transcripts to Hampshire and Mali, respectively. This study identified 908 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05; log2FC > ±1) in the muscle samples, of which 550 were upregulated and 358 were downregulated in Hampshire pigs, indicating differences in physiological process related to muscle function and development. Expression of genes related to myoblast fusion (MYMK), skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation (ANGPT1, CDON) and growth factors (HGF, IGF1, IGF2) were higher in Hampshire than Mali, even though transcript levels of several other myogenesis-related genes (MYF6, MYOG, MSTN) were similar. The number of fibers per fascicle and the expression of myogenic marker proteins (MYOD1, MYOG and PAX7) were more in Hampshire as compared to Mali breed of pig, supporting results of transcriptome studies. The results suggest that differences in muscularity between breeds could be related to the regulation of myoblast fusion and myogenic activities. The present study will help to identify genes that could be explored for their utility in the selection of animals with different muscularities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juri Deka
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jaya Bharati
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anil Kumar Das
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Rajendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Long T, Zhang Y, Donnelly L, Li H, Pien YC, Liu N, Olson EN, Li X. Cryo-EM structures of Myomaker reveal a molecular basis for myoblast fusion. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1746-1754. [PMID: 37770716 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of mononucleated myoblasts produces multinucleated muscle fibers leading to the formation of skeletal muscle. Myomaker, a skeletal muscle-specific membrane protein, is essential for myoblast fusion. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of mouse Myomaker (mMymk) and Ciona robusta Myomaker (cMymk). Myomaker contains seven transmembrane helices (TMs) that adopt a G-protein-coupled receptor-like fold. TMs 2-4 form a dimeric interface, while TMs 3 and 5-7 create a lipid-binding site that holds the polar head of a phospholipid and allows the alkyl tails to insert into Myomaker. The similarity of cMymk and mMymk suggests a conserved Myomaker-mediated cell fusion mechanism across evolutionarily distant species. Functional analyses demonstrate the essentiality of the dimeric interface and the lipid-binding site for fusogenic activity, and heterologous cell-cell fusion assays show the importance of transcellular interactions of Myomaker protomers for myoblast fusion. Together, our findings provide structural and functional insights into the process of myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Long
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Linda Donnelly
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Chung Pien
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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7
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Ribeiro S, Marques-Almeida T, Cardoso VF, Ribeiro C, Lanceros-Méndez S. Modulation of myoblast differentiation by electroactive scaffold morphology and biochemical stimuli. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213438. [PMID: 37121084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The physico-chemical properties of the scaffold materials used for tissue regeneration strategies have a direct impact on cell shape, adhesion, proliferation, phenotypic and differentiation. Herewith, biophysical and biochemical cues have been widely used to design and develop biomaterial systems for specific tissue engineering strategies. In this context, the patterning of piezoelectric polymers that can provide electroactive stimuli represents a suitable strategy for skeletal muscle tissue engineering applications once it has been demonstrated that mechanoelectrical stimuli promote C2C12 myoblast differentiation. In this sense, this works reports on how C2C12 myoblast cells detect and react to physical and biochemical stimuli based on micropatterned poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) electroactive scaffolds produced by soft lithography in the form of arrays of lines and hexagons (anisotropic and isotropic morphology, respectively) combined with differentiation medium. The scaffolds were evaluated for the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cell line and it is demonstrated that anisotropic microstructures promote muscle differentiation which is further reinforced with the introduction of biochemical stimulus. However, when the physical stimulus is not adequate to the tissue, e.g. isotropic microstructure, the biochemical stimulus has the opposite effect, hindering the differentiation process. Therefore, the proper morphological design of the scaffold combined with biochemical stimulus allows to enhance skeletal muscle differentiation and allows the development of advanced strategies for effective muscle tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ribeiro
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S - Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Marques-Almeida
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F Cardoso
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS-Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology and Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, Universidade do Minho, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S - Institute of Science and Innovation for Sustainability, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Cikes D, Elsayad K, Sezgin E, Koitai E, Torma F, Orthofer M, Yarwood R, Heinz LX, Sedlyarov V, Miranda ND, Taylor A, Grapentine S, Al-Murshedi F, Abot A, Weidinger A, Kutchukian C, Sanchez C, Cronin SJF, Novatchkova M, Kavirayani A, Schuetz T, Haubner B, Haas L, Hagelkruys A, Jackowski S, Kozlov AV, Jacquemond V, Knauf C, Superti-Furga G, Rullman E, Gustafsson T, McDermot J, Lowe M, Radak Z, Chamberlain JS, Bakovic M, Banka S, Penninger JM. PCYT2-regulated lipid biosynthesis is critical to muscle health and ageing. Nat Metab 2023; 5:495-515. [PMID: 36941451 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Muscle degeneration is the most prevalent cause for frailty and dependency in inherited diseases and ageing. Elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as effective treatments for muscle diseases, represents an important goal in improving human health. Here, we show that the lipid synthesis enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine cytidyltransferase (PCYT2/ECT) is critical to muscle health. Human deficiency in PCYT2 causes a severe disease with failure to thrive and progressive weakness. pcyt2-mutant zebrafish and muscle-specific Pcyt2-knockout mice recapitulate the participant phenotypes, with failure to thrive, progressive muscle weakness and accelerated ageing. Mechanistically, muscle Pcyt2 deficiency affects cellular bioenergetics and membrane lipid bilayer structure and stability. PCYT2 activity declines in ageing muscles of mice and humans, and adeno-associated virus-based delivery of PCYT2 ameliorates muscle weakness in Pcyt2-knockout and old mice, offering a therapy for individuals with a rare disease and muscle ageing. Thus, PCYT2 plays a fundamental and conserved role in vertebrate muscle health, linking PCYT2 and PCYT2-synthesized lipids to severe muscle dystrophy and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Cikes
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Kareem Elsayad
- Division of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology and Medical Imaging Cluster (MIC), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erika Koitai
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Torma
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael Orthofer
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Yarwood
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Leonhard X Heinz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Adrian Taylor
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophie Grapentine
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fathiya Al-Murshedi
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Anne Abot
- Enterosys SAS, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Candice Kutchukian
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Colline Sanchez
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anoop Kavirayani
- VBCF, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schuetz
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Haubner
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Haas
- IMP Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Hagelkruys
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vincent Jacquemond
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- INSERM U1220 Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, CHU Purpan, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric Rullman
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiovascular Theme, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John McDermot
- Manchester Centre for Genomics Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Research Institute of Sport Science, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeffrey S Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marica Bakovic
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomics Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospital Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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9
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Li J, Zhao Y, Wang N. Physiological and Pathological Functions of TMEM30A: An Essential Subunit of P4-ATPase Phospholipid Flippases. J Lipids 2023; 2023:4625567. [PMID: 37200892 PMCID: PMC10188266 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4625567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed across mammalian plasma membrane. The function of P4-ATPases is to maintain the abundance of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the inner leaflet as lipid flippases. Transmembrane protein 30A (TMEM30A, also named CDC50A), as an essential β subunit of most P4-ATPases, facilitates their transport and functions. With TMEM30A knockout mice or cell lines, it is found that the loss of TMEM30A has huge influences on the survival of mice and cells because of PS exposure-triggered apoptosis signaling. TMEM30A is a promising target for drug discovery due to its significant roles in various systems and diseases. In this review, we summarize the functions of TMEM30A in different systems, present current understanding of the protein structures and mechanisms of TMEM30A-P4-ATPase complexes, and discuss how these fundamental aspects of TMEM30A may be applied to disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Clinical Medical Laboratory, Wenjiang Hospital of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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10
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Nec-1 alleviated the deleterious effect of CoCl2 on C2C12 myoblast differentiation and fusion via the mTOR pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Wakefield B, Penuela S. Potential Implications of Exercise Training on Pannexin Expression and Function. J Vasc Res 2022; 60:114-124. [PMID: 36366809 DOI: 10.1159/000527240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (PANX1, 2, 3) are channel-forming glycoproteins that are expressed throughout the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. The canonical function of these proteins is to release nucleotides that act as purinergic signalling at the cell membrane or Ca2+ channels at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. These two forms of signalling are essential for autocrine and paracrine signalling in health, and alterations in this signalling have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Many musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases are largely the result of a lack of physical activity which causes altered gene expression. Considering exercise training has been shown to alter a wide array of gene expression in musculoskeletal tissues, understanding the interaction between exercise training, gene function and expression in relevant diseases is warranted. With regards to pannexins, multiple publications have shown that exercise training can influence pannexin expression and may influence the significance of its function in certain diseases. This review further discusses the potential interaction between exercise training and pannexin biology in relevant tissues and disease models. We propose that exercise training in relevant animal and human models will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the implications of pannexin biology in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Wakefield
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western's Bone and Joint Institute, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western's Bone and Joint Institute, The Dr. Sandy Kirkley Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Chakraborty M, Sivan A, Biswas A, Sinha B. Early tension regulation coupled to surface myomerger is necessary for the primary fusion of C2C12 myoblasts. Front Physiol 2022; 13. [PMID: 36277221 PMCID: PMC7613732 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.976715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we study the time-dependent regulation of fluctuation–tension during myogenesis and the role of the fusogen, myomerger. We measure nanometric height fluctuations of the basal membrane of C2C12 cells after triggering differentiation. Fusion of cells increases fluctuation–tension but prefers a transient lowering of tension (at ∼2–24 h). Cells fail to fuse if early tension is continuously enhanced by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). Perturbing tension regulation also reduces fusion. During this pre-fusion window, cells that finally differentiate usually display lower tension than other non-fusing cells, validating early tension states to be linked to fate decision. Early tension reduction is accompanied by low but gradually increasing level of the surface myomerger. Locally too, regions with higher myomerger intensity display lower tension. However, this negative correlation is lost in the early phase by MβCD-based cholesterol depletion or later as differentiation progresses. We find that with tension and surface-myomerger’s enrichment under these conditions, myomerger clusters become pronouncedly diffused. We, therefore, propose that low tension aided by clustered surface-myomerger at the early phase is crucial for fusion and can be disrupted by cholesterol-reducing molecules, implying the potential to affect muscle health.
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13
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Singh AK, Rai A, Weber A, Posern G. miRNA mediated downregulation of cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) is required for myoblast fusion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:899917. [PMID: 36246999 PMCID: PMC9562714 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.899917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is essential for the formation, growth, and regeneration of skeletal muscle, but the molecular mechanisms that govern fusion and myofiber formation remain poorly understood. Past studies have shown an important role of the actin cytoskeleton and actin regulators in myoblast fusion. The Cyclase-Associated Proteins (CAP) 1 and 2 recently emerged as critical regulators of actin treadmilling in higher eukaryotes including mammals. Whilst the role of CAP2 in skeletal muscle development and function is well characterized, involvement of CAP1 in this process remains elusive. Here we report that CAP1, plays a critical role in cytoskeletal remodeling during myoblast fusion and formation of myotubes. Cap1 mRNA and protein are expressed in both murine C2C12 and human LHCN-M2 myoblasts, but their abundance decreases during myogenic differentiation. Perturbing the temporally controlled expression of CAP1 by overexpression or CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knockout impaired actin rearrangement, myoblast alignment, expression of profusion molecules, differentiation into multinucleated myotubes, and myosin heavy chain expression. Endogenous Cap1 expression is post-transcriptionally downregulated during differentiation by canonical myomiRs miR-1, miR-133, and miR-206, which have conserved binding sites at the 3′ UTR of the Cap1 mRNA. Deletion of the endogenous 3′ UTR by CRISPR-Cas9 in C2C12 cells phenocopies overexpression of CAP1 by inhibiting myotube formation. Our findings implicates Cap1 and its myomiR-mediated downregulation in the myoblast fusion process and the generation of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Singh
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- *Correspondence: Anurag Kumar Singh, ; Guido Posern,
| | - Amrita Rai
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anja Weber
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- *Correspondence: Anurag Kumar Singh, ; Guido Posern,
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14
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Activation of SIRT1 promotes membrane resealing via cortactin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15328. [PMID: 36097021 PMCID: PMC9468153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are inherited myopathic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Recently, several gene therapies have been developed; however, the treatment options are still limited. Resveratrol, an activator of SIRT1, ameliorates muscular function in muscular dystrophy patients and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice, although its mechanism is still not fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on membrane resealing. We found that resveratrol promoted membrane repair in C2C12 cells via the activation of SIRT1. To elucidate the mechanism by which resveratrol promotes membrane resealing, we focused on the reorganization of the cytoskeleton, which occurs in the early phase of membrane repair. Treatment with resveratrol promoted actin accumulation at the injured site. We also examined the role of cortactin in membrane resealing. Cortactin accumulated at the injury site, and cortactin knockdown suppressed membrane resealing and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Additionally, SIRT1 deacetylated cortactin and promoted the interaction between cortactin and F-actin, thus possibly enhancing the accumulation of cortactin at the injury site. Finally, we performed a membrane repair assay using single fiber myotubes from control and resveratrol-fed mice, where the oral treatment with resveratrol promoted membrane repair ex vivo. These findings suggest that resveratrol promotes membrane repair via the SIRT1/cortactin axis.
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15
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Malfunctioning CD106-positive, short-term hematopoietic stem cells trigger diabetic neuropathy in mice by cell fusion. Commun Biol 2021; 4:575. [PMID: 33990693 PMCID: PMC8121918 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is an incurable disease. We previously identified a mechanism by which aberrant bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) pathologically expressing proinsulin/TNF-α fuse with residential neurons to impair neuronal function. Here, we show that CD106-positive cells represent a significant fraction of short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs) that contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy in mice. The important role for these cells is supported by the fact that transplantation of either whole HSCs or CD106-positive ST-HSCs from diabetic mice to non-diabetic mice produces diabetic neuronal dysfunction in the recipient mice via cell fusion. Furthermore, we show that transient episodic hyperglycemia produced by glucose injections leads to abnormal fusion of pathological ST-HSCs with residential neurons, reproducing neuropathy in nondiabetic mice. In conclusion, we have identified hyperglycemia-induced aberrant CD106-positive ST-HSCs underlie the development of diabetic neuropathy. Aberrant CD106-positive ST-HSCs constitute a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Katagi et al. show that abnormal bone marrow-derived cells originated from hematopoietic stem cells (CD106-positive short-term HSCs) aberrantly fuse with neurons to develop diabetic neuropathy. This study suggests that the pathological abnormality is memorized in the bone marrow and that it cannot be erased by conventional therapy.
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16
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Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle to Counteract Sarcopenia in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease and Especially Those Undergoing Hemodialysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051538. [PMID: 34063269 PMCID: PMC8147474 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Life extension in modern society has introduced new concepts regarding such disorders as frailty and sarcopenia, which has been recognized in various studies. At the same time, cutting-edge technology methods, e.g., renal replacement therapy for conditions such as hemodialysis (HD), have made it possible to protect patients from advanced lethal chronic kidney disease (CKD). Loss of muscle and fat mass, termed protein energy wasting (PEW), has been recognized as prognostic factor and, along with the increasing rate of HD introduction in elderly individuals in Japan, appropriate countermeasures are necessary. Although their origins differ, frailty, sarcopenia, and PEW share common components, among which skeletal muscle plays a central role in their etiologies. The nearest concept may be sarcopenia, for which diagnosis techniques have recently been reported. The focus of this review is on maintenance of skeletal muscle against aging and CKD/HD, based on muscle physiology and pathology. Clinically relevant and topical factors related to muscle wasting including sarcopenia, such as vitamin D, myostatin, insulin (related to diabetes), insulin-like growth factor I, mitochondria, and physical inactivity, are discussed. Findings presented thus far indicate that in addition to modulation of the aforementioned factors, exercise combined with nutritional supplementation may be a useful approach to overcome muscle wasting and sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing HD treatments.
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17
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PUFA Treatment Affects C2C12 Myocyte Differentiation, Myogenesis Related Genes and Energy Metabolism. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020192. [PMID: 33525599 PMCID: PMC7910949 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the main components of cell membrane affecting its fluidity, signaling processes and play a vital role in muscle cell development. The effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on myogenesis are well known, while the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) are largely unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of two PUFAs (DHA and AA) on cell fate during myogenic processes, Wnt signaling and energy metabolism by using the C2C12 cells. The cells were treated with different concentrations of AA or DHA for 48 h during the differentiation period. PUFA treatment increased mRNA level of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), which is involved in early stage of myoblast proliferation. Additionally, PUFA treatment prevented myoblast differentiation, indicated by decreased myotube fusion index and differentiation index in parallel with reduced mRNA levels of myogenin (MyoG). After PUFA withdrawal, some changes in cell morphology and myosin heavy chain mRNA levels were still observed. Expression of genes associated with Wnt signaling pathway, and energy metabolism changed in PUFA treatment in a dose and time dependent manner. Our data suggests that PUFAs affect the transition of C2C12 cells from proliferation to differentiation phase by prolonging proliferation and preventing differentiation.
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18
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Zhang H, Wen J, Bigot A, Chen J, Shang R, Mouly V, Bi P. Human myotube formation is determined by MyoD-Myomixer/Myomaker axis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc4062. [PMID: 33355126 PMCID: PMC11206528 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is essential for formations of myofibers, the basic cellular and functional units of skeletal muscles. Recent genetic studies in mice identified two long-sought membrane proteins, Myomaker and Myomixer, which cooperatively drive myoblast fusion. It is unknown whether and how human muscles, with myofibers of tremendously larger size, use this mechanism to achieve multinucleations. Here, we report an interesting fusion model of human myoblasts where Myomaker is sufficient to induce low-grade fusion, while Myomixer boosts its efficiency to generate giant myotubes. By CRISPR mutagenesis and biochemical assays, we identified MyoD as the key molecular switch of fusion that is required and sufficient to initiate Myomixer and Myomaker expression. Mechanistically, we defined the E-box motifs on promoters of Myomixer and Myomaker by which MyoD induces their expression for multinucleations of human muscle cells. Together, our study uncovered the key molecular apparatus and the transcriptional control mechanism underlying human myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Junfei Wen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Anne Bigot
- Center for Research in Myology UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute AIM, Paris, France
| | - Jiacheng Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Renjie Shang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Center for Research in Myology UMRS974, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Myology Institute AIM, Paris, France
| | - Pengpeng Bi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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19
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Chen B, You W, Wang Y, Shan T. The regulatory role of Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion in muscle development and regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1551-1569. [PMID: 31642939 PMCID: PMC11105057 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays essential roles in motor function, energy, and glucose metabolism. Skeletal muscle formation occurs through a process called myogenesis, in which a crucial step is the fusion of mononucleated myoblasts to form multinucleated myofibers. The myoblast/myocyte fusion is triggered and coordinated in a muscle-specific way that is essential for muscle development and post-natal muscle regeneration. Many molecules and proteins have been found and demonstrated to have the capacity to regulate the fusion of myoblast/myocytes. Interestingly, two newly discovered muscle-specific membrane proteins, Myomaker and Myomixer (also called Myomerger and Minion), have been identified as fusogenic regulators in vertebrates. Both Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion have the capacity to directly control the myogenic fusion process. Here, we review and discuss the latest studies related to these two proteins, including the discovery, structure, expression pattern, functions, and regulation of Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion. We also emphasize and discuss the interaction between Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion, as well as their cooperative regulatory roles in cell-cell fusion. Moreover, we highlight the areas for exploration of Myomaker and Myomixer-Myomerger-Minion in future studies and consider their potential application to control cell fusion for cell-therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bide Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Mechanisms regulating myoblast fusion: A multilevel interplay. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:81-92. [PMID: 32063453 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myoblast fusion into myotubes is one of the crucial steps of skeletal muscle development (myogenesis). The fusion is preceded by specification of a myogenic lineage (mesodermal progenitors) differentiating into myoblasts and is followed by myofiber-type specification and neuromuscular junction formation. Similarly to other processes of myogenesis, the fusion requires a very precise spatial and temporal regulation occuring both during embryonic development as well as regeneration and repair of the muscle. A plethora of genes and their products is involved in regulation of myoblast fusion and a precise multilevel interplay between them is crucial for myogenic cells to fuse. In this review, we describe both cellular events taking place during myoblast fusion (migration, adhesion, elongation, cell-cell recognition, alignment, and fusion of myoblast membranes enabling formation of myotubes) as well as recent findings on mechanisms regulating this process. Also, we present muscle disorders in humans that have been associated with defects in genes involved in regulation of myoblast fusion.
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21
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Kurgan N, Whitley KC, Maddalena LA, Moradi F, Stoikos J, Hamstra SI, Rubie EA, Kumar M, Roy BD, Woodgett JR, Stuart JA, Fajardo VA. A Low-Therapeutic Dose of Lithium Inhibits GSK3 and Enhances Myoblast Fusion in C2C12 Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111340. [PMID: 31671858 PMCID: PMC6912290 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) slows myogenic differentiation and myoblast fusion partly by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Lithium, a common medication for bipolar disorder, inhibits GSK3 via Mg+ competition and increased Ser21 (GSK3α) or Ser9 (GSK3β) phosphorylation, leading to enhanced myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation. However, previous studies demonstrating the effect of lithium on GSK3 have used concentrations up to 10 mM, which greatly exceeds concentrations measured in the serum of patients being treated for bipolar disorder (0.5–1.2 mM). Here, we determined whether a low-therapeutic (0.5 mM) dose of lithium could promote myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. C2C12 myotubes differentiated for three days in media containing 0.5 mM lithium chloride (LiCl) had significantly higher GSK3β (ser9) and GSK3α (ser21) phosphorylation compared with control myotubes differentiated in the same media without LiCl (+2–2.5 fold, p < 0.05), a result associated with an increase in total β-catenin. To further demonstrate that 0.5 mM LiCl inhibited GSK3 activity, we also developed a novel GSK3-specific activity assay. Using this enzyme-linked spectrophotometric assay, we showed that 0.5 mM LiCl-treated myotubes had significantly reduced GSK3 activity (−86%, p < 0.001). Correspondingly, 0.5 mM LiCl treated myotubes had a higher myoblast fusion index compared with control (p < 0.001) and significantly higher levels of markers of myogenesis (myogenin, +3-fold, p < 0.001) and myogenic differentiation (myosin heavy chain, +10-fold, p < 0.001). These results indicate that a low-therapeutic dose of LiCl is sufficient to promote myoblast fusion and myogenic differentiation in muscle cells, which has implications for the treatment of several myopathic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Kennedy C. Whitley
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Lucas A. Maddalena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (L.A.M.); (F.M.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Fereshteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (L.A.M.); (F.M.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
| | - Sophie I. Hamstra
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A. Rubie
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (E.A.R.); (M.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Megha Kumar
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (E.A.R.); (M.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - James R. Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; (E.A.R.); (M.K.); (J.R.W.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (L.A.M.); (F.M.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (N.K.); (K.C.W.); (J.S.); (S.I.H.); (B.D.R.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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22
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Fujiwara D, Iwahara N, Sebori R, Hosoda R, Shimohama S, Kuno A, Horio Y. SIRT1 deficiency interferes with membrane resealing after cell membrane injury. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218329. [PMID: 31242212 PMCID: PMC6594621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, ameliorates muscular pathophysiology of δ-sarcoglycan-deficient TO-2 hamsters and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. We found that SIRT1 was highly expressed beneath the cellular membranes of muscle cells. To elucidate functional roles of SIRT1 on muscles, skeletal muscle-specific SIRT1 knockout mice (SIRT1-MKO) were generated. SIRT1-MKO mice showed muscular pathology similar to mild muscular dystrophies with increased numbers of centrally nucleated small myofibers and decreased numbers of middle-sized (2000–3001 μm2) myofibers compared to those of wild-type (WT) mice. Accordingly, SIRT1-MKO mice showed significantly decreased exercise capacity in treadmill and inverted hanging tests with higher levels of serum creatine kinase activities compared with those in WT mice. Evans blue dye uptake after exercise was greater in the muscles of SIRT1-MKO than those of WT mice, suggesting membrane fragility in SIRT1-MKO mice. Because SIRT1 was dominantly localized beneath the membranes of muscular cells, SIRT1 may have a new role in the membranes. We found that levels of fluorescent FM1-43 dye intake after laser-induced membrane disruption in C2C12 cells were significantly increased by SIRT1 inhibitors or Sirt1-siRNA compared with those of control cells. Inhibition of SIRT1 or SIRT1-knockdown severely disturbed the dynamic aggregation of membrane vesicles under the injured site but did not affect expression levels of membrane repair proteins. These data suggested that SIRT1 had a critical role in the resealing of membrane-ruptured muscle cells, which could affect phenotypes of SIRT1-MKO mice. To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate that SIRT1 affected plasma-membrane repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fujiwara
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naotoshi Iwahara
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rio Sebori
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Hosoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shun Shimohama
- Department of Neurology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuno
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Horio
- Department of Pharmacology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Lowe M, Lage J, Paatela E, Munson D, Hostager R, Yuan C, Katoku-Kikyo N, Ruiz-Estevez M, Asakura Y, Staats J, Qahar M, Lohman M, Asakura A, Kikyo N. Cry2 Is Critical for Circadian Regulation of Myogenic Differentiation by Bclaf1-Mediated mRNA Stabilization of Cyclin D1 and Tmem176b. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2118-2132. [PMID: 29466738 PMCID: PMC5849083 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate cell proliferation and differentiation; however, little is known about their roles in myogenic differentiation. Our synchronized differentiation studies demonstrate that myoblast proliferation and subsequent myotube formation by cell fusion occur in circadian manners. We found that one of the core regulators of circadian rhythms, Cry2, but not Cry1, is critical for the circadian patterns of these two critical steps in myogenic differentiation. This is achieved through the specific interaction between Cry2 and Bclaf1, which stabilizes mRNAs encoding cyclin D1, a G1/S phase transition regulator, and Tmem176b, a transmembrane regulator for myogenic cell fusion. Myoblasts lacking Cry2 display premature cell cycle exit and form short myotubes because of inefficient cell fusion. Consistently, muscle regeneration is impaired in Cry2-/- mice. Bclaf1 knockdown recapitulated the phenotypes of Cry2 knockdown: early cell cycle exit and inefficient cell fusion. This study uncovers a post-transcriptional regulation of myogenic differentiation by circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lowe
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jacob Lage
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ellen Paatela
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dane Munson
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Reilly Hostager
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ce Yuan
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nobuko Katoku-Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mercedes Ruiz-Estevez
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James Staats
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mulan Qahar
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michaela Lohman
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Neurology , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Nobuaki Kikyo
- Stem Cell Institute , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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24
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Castiglioni I, Caccia R, Garcia-Manteiga JM, Ferri G, Caretti G, Molineris I, Nishioka K, Gabellini D. The Trithorax protein Ash1L promotes myoblast fusion by activating Cdon expression. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5026. [PMID: 30487570 PMCID: PMC6262021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion (MF) is required for muscle growth and repair, and its alteration contributes to muscle diseases. The mechanisms governing this process are incompletely understood, and no epigenetic regulator has been previously described. Ash1L is an epigenetic activator belonging to the Trithorax group of proteins and is involved in FSHD muscular dystrophy, autism and cancer. Its physiological role in skeletal muscle is unknown. Here we report that Ash1L expression is positively correlated with MF and reduced in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro experiments support a selective and evolutionary conserved requirement for Ash1L in MF. RNA- and ChIP-sequencing indicate that Ash1L is required to counteract Polycomb repressive activity to allow activation of selected myogenesis genes, in particular the key MF gene Cdon. Our results promote Ash1L as an important epigenetic regulator of MF and suggest that its activity could be targeted to improve cell therapy for muscle diseases. Myoblast fusion in skeletal muscle is a complex process but how this is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors identify Ash1L, a histone methyltransferase, as modulating myoblast fusion via activation of the myogenesis gene Cdon, and observe decreased Ash1L expression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Castiglioni
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Roberta Caccia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Manteiga
- Center for Translational Genomics and BioInformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caretti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Ivan Molineris
- Center for Translational Genomics and BioInformatics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy
| | - Kenichi Nishioka
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, RIKEN IMS, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Davide Gabellini
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, 20132, Italy.
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25
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Hamoud N, Tran V, Aimi T, Kakegawa W, Lahaie S, Thibault MP, Pelletier A, Wong GW, Kim IS, Kania A, Yuzaki M, Bouvier M, Côté JF. Spatiotemporal regulation of the GPCR activity of BAI3 by C1qL4 and Stabilin-2 controls myoblast fusion. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4470. [PMID: 30367035 PMCID: PMC6203814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoblast fusion is tightly regulated during development and regeneration of muscle fibers. BAI3 is a receptor that orchestrates myoblast fusion via Elmo/Dock1 signaling, but the mechanisms regulating its activity remain elusive. Here we report that mice lacking BAI3 display small muscle fibers and inefficient muscle regeneration after cardiotoxin-induced injury. We describe two proteins that repress or activate BAI3 in muscle progenitors. We find that the secreted C1q-like1-4 proteins repress fusion by specifically interacting with BAI3. Using a proteomic approach, we identify Stabilin-2 as a protein that interacts with BAI3 and stimulates its fusion promoting activity. We demonstrate that Stabilin-2 activates the GPCR activity of BAI3. The resulting activated heterotrimeric G-proteins contribute to the initial recruitment of Elmo proteins to the membrane, which are then stabilized on BAI3 through a direct interaction. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the activity of BAI3 is spatiotemporally regulated by C1qL4 and Stabilin-2 during myoblast fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noumeira Hamoud
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Département de Médecine (Programmes de Biologie Moléculaire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Viviane Tran
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Takahiro Aimi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JT), Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JT), Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Sylvie Lahaie
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Thibault
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Ariane Pelletier
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - In-San Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea.,KU-KIST school, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JT), Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.,Institut de Recherches en Immunologie et Cancérologie (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada. .,Département de Médecine (Programmes de Biologie Moléculaire), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada.
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26
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Leikina E, Gamage DG, Prasad V, Goykhberg J, Crowe M, Diao J, Kozlov MM, Chernomordik LV, Millay DP. Myomaker and Myomerger Work Independently to Control Distinct Steps of Membrane Remodeling during Myoblast Fusion. Dev Cell 2018; 46:767-780.e7. [PMID: 30197239 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Classic mechanisms for membrane fusion involve transmembrane proteins that assemble into complexes and dynamically alter their conformation to bend membranes, leading to mixing of membrane lipids (hemifusion) and fusion pore formation. Myomaker and Myomerger govern myoblast fusion and muscle formation but are structurally divergent from traditional fusogenic proteins. Here, we show that Myomaker and Myomerger independently mediate distinct steps in the fusion pathway, where Myomaker is involved in membrane hemifusion and Myomerger is necessary for fusion pore formation. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Myomerger is required on the cell surface where its ectodomains stress membranes. Moreover, we show that Myomerger drives fusion completion in a heterologous system independent of Myomaker and that a Myomaker-Myomerger physical interaction is not required for function. Collectively, our data identify a stepwise cell fusion mechanism in myoblasts where different proteins are delegated to perform unique membrane functions essential for membrane coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Leikina
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dilani G Gamage
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joanna Goykhberg
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Crowe
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Leonid V Chernomordik
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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27
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André LM, Ausems CRM, Wansink DG, Wieringa B. Abnormalities in Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis, Growth, and Regeneration in Myotonic Dystrophy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:368. [PMID: 29892259 PMCID: PMC5985300 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and 2 (DM2) are autosomal dominant degenerative neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, atrophy, and myotonia with progeroid features. Although both DM1 and DM2 are characterized by skeletal muscle dysfunction and also share other clinical features, the diseases differ in the muscle groups that are affected. In DM1, distal muscles are mainly affected, whereas in DM2 problems are mostly found in proximal muscles. In addition, manifestation in DM1 is generally more severe, with possible congenital or childhood-onset of disease and prominent CNS involvement. DM1 and DM2 are caused by expansion of (CTG•CAG)n and (CCTG•CAGG)n repeats in the 3' non-coding region of DMPK and in intron 1 of CNBP, respectively, and in overlapping antisense genes. This critical review will focus on the pleiotropic problems that occur during development, growth, regeneration, and aging of skeletal muscle in patients who inherited these expansions. The current best-accepted idea is that most muscle symptoms can be explained by pathomechanistic effects of repeat expansion on RNA-mediated pathways. However, aberrations in DNA replication and transcription of the DM loci or in protein translation and proteome homeostasis could also affect the control of proliferation and differentiation of muscle progenitor cells or the maintenance and physiological integrity of muscle fibers during a patient's lifetime. Here, we will discuss these molecular and cellular processes and summarize current knowledge about the role of embryonic and adult muscle-resident stem cells in growth, homeostasis, regeneration, and premature aging of healthy and diseased muscle tissue. Of particular interest is that also progenitor cells from extramuscular sources, such as pericytes and mesoangioblasts, can participate in myogenic differentiation. We will examine the potential of all these types of cells in the application of regenerative medicine for muscular dystrophies and evaluate new possibilities for their use in future therapy of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène M André
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C Rosanne M Ausems
- Department of Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Derick G Wansink
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bé Wieringa
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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28
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Deng S, Azevedo M, Baylies M. Acting on identity: Myoblast fusion and the formation of the syncytial muscle fiber. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:45-55. [PMID: 29101004 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of Drosophila muscle development dates back to the middle of the last century. Since that time, Drosophila has proved to be an ideal system for studying muscle development, differentiation, function, and disease. As in humans, Drosophila muscle forms via a series of conserved steps, starting with muscle specification, myoblast fusion, attachment to tendon cells, interactions with motorneurons, and sarcomere and myofibril formation. The genes and mechanisms required for these processes share striking similarities to those found in humans. The highly tractable genetic system and imaging approaches available in Drosophila allow for an efficient interrogation of muscle biology and for application of what we learn to other systems. In this article, we review our current understanding of muscle development in Drosophila, with a focus on myoblast fusion, the process responsible for the generation of syncytial muscle cells. We also compare and contrast those genes required for fusion in Drosophila and vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Deng
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mafalda Azevedo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States; Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Baylies
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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29
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Agley CC, Lewis FC, Jaka O, Lazarus NR, Velloso C, Francis-West P, Ellison-Hughes GM, Harridge SDR. Active GSK3β and an intact β-catenin TCF complex are essential for the differentiation of human myogenic progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13189. [PMID: 29030569 PMCID: PMC5640663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10731-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt-β-catenin signalling is essential for skeletal muscle myogenesis during development, but its role in adult human skeletal muscle remains unknown. Here we have used human primary CD56Pos satellite cell-derived myogenic progenitors obtained from healthy individuals to study the role of Wnt-β-catenin signalling in myogenic differentiation. We show that dephosphorylated β-catenin (active-β-catenin), the central effector of the canonical Wnt cascade, is strongly upregulated at the onset of differentiation and undergoes nuclear translocation as differentiation progresses. To establish the role of Wnt signalling in regulating the differentiation process we manipulated key nodes of this pathway through a series of β-catenin gain-of-function (GSK3 inhibition and β-catenin overexpression) or loss-of-function experiments (dominant negative TCF4). Our data showed that manipulation of these critical pathway components led to varying degrees of disruption to the normal differentiation phenotype indicating the importance of Wnt signalling in regulating this process. We reveal an independent necessity for active-β-catenin in the fusion and differentiation of human myogenic progenitors and that dominant negative inhibition of TCF4 prevents differentiation completely. Together these data add new mechanistic insights into both Wnt signalling and adult human myogenic progenitor differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Agley
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. .,Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - F C Lewis
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Stem Cell Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - O Jaka
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - N R Lazarus
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C Velloso
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Francis-West
- Department of Craniofacial development and stem cell biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G M Ellison-Hughes
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Stem Cell Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S D R Harridge
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Stem Cell Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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30
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body and loss of its function or its regenerative properties results in debilitating musculoskeletal disorders. Understanding the mechanisms that drive skeletal muscle formation will not only help to unravel the molecular basis of skeletal muscle diseases, but also provide a roadmap for recapitulating skeletal myogenesis in vitro from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSCs have become an important tool for probing developmental questions, while differentiated cell types allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of skeletal myogenesis from the earliest premyogenic progenitor stage to terminally differentiated myofibers, and discuss how this knowledge has been applied to differentiate PSCs into muscle fibers and their progenitors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérome Chal
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA .,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS (UMR 7104), Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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31
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Quinn ME, Goh Q, Kurosaka M, Gamage DG, Petrany MJ, Prasad V, Millay DP. Myomerger induces fusion of non-fusogenic cells and is required for skeletal muscle development. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15665. [PMID: 28569755 PMCID: PMC5461499 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of cell fusion for mammalian development and physiology, the factors critical for this process remain to be fully defined, which has severely limited our ability to reconstitute cell fusion. Myomaker (Tmem8c) is a muscle-specific protein required for myoblast fusion. Expression of myomaker in fibroblasts drives their fusion with myoblasts, but not with other myomaker-expressing fibroblasts, highlighting the requirement of additional myoblast-derived factors for fusion. Here we show that Gm7325, which we name myomerger, induces the fusion of myomaker-expressing fibroblasts. Thus, myomaker and myomerger together confer fusogenic activity to otherwise non-fusogenic cells. Myomerger is skeletal muscle-specific and genetic deletion in mice results in a paucity of muscle fibres demonstrating its requirement for normal muscle formation. Myomerger deficient myocytes differentiate and harbour organized sarcomeres but are fusion-incompetent. Our findings identify myomerger as a fundamental myoblast fusion protein and establish a system that begins to reconstitute mammalian cell fusion. Cellular fusion is fundamental for skeletal muscle development. Here the authors show that myomerger is expressed in myoblasts, is essential for myoblast fusion in mice, and in co-operation with myomaker confers fusogenic ability to non-fusogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata E Quinn
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Qingnian Goh
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Mitsutoshi Kurosaka
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Dilani G Gamage
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Michael J Petrany
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Vikram Prasad
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
| | - Douglas P Millay
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA
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Bi P, Ramirez-Martinez A, Li H, Cannavino J, McAnally JR, Shelton JM, Sánchez-Ortiz E, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Control of muscle formation by the fusogenic micropeptide myomixer. Science 2017; 356:323-327. [PMID: 28386024 PMCID: PMC5502127 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam9361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle formation occurs through fusion of myoblasts to form multinucleated myofibers. From a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) loss-of-function screen for genes required for myoblast fusion and myogenesis, we discovered an 84-amino acid muscle-specific peptide that we call Myomixer. Myomixer expression coincides with myoblast differentiation and is essential for fusion and skeletal muscle formation during embryogenesis. Myomixer localizes to the plasma membrane, where it promotes myoblast fusion and associates with Myomaker, a fusogenic membrane protein. Myomixer together with Myomaker can also induce fibroblast-fibroblast fusion and fibroblast-myoblast fusion. We conclude that the Myomixer-Myomaker pair controls the critical step in myofiber formation during muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Bi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andres Ramirez-Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jessica Cannavino
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John R McAnally
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John M Shelton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Efrain Sánchez-Ortiz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric N Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Sen. Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Cooperative Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Zissler A, Steinbacher P, Zimmermann R, Pittner S, Stoiber W, Bathke AC, Sänger AM. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Accelerates Regeneration After Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:676-684. [PMID: 27729321 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516668622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle injuries are among the most common sports-related lesions in athletes; however, optimal treatment remains obscure. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) may be a promising approach in this context, because it has gained increasing importance in tissue regeneration in various medical fields. HYPOTHESIS ESWT stimulates and accelerates regenerative processes of acute muscle injuries. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 experimental groups (2 ESWT+ groups and 2 ESWT- groups) as well as an uninjured control group (n ≥ 6 in each group). An acute cardiotoxin-induced injury was set into the quadriceps femoris muscle of rats in the experimental groups. A single ESWT session was administered to injured muscles of the ESWT+ groups 1 day after injury, whereas ESWT- groups received no further treatment. At 4 and 7 days after injury, 1 each of the ESWT+ and ESWT- groups was euthanized. Regenerating lesions were excised and analyzed by histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry to assess fiber size, myonuclear content, and recruitment of satellite cells. RESULTS The size and myonuclear content of regenerating fibers in ESWT+ muscle was significantly increased compared with ESWT- muscle fibers at both 4 and 7 days after injury. Similarly, at both time points, ESWT+ muscles exhibited significantly higher contents of pax7-positive satellite cells, mitotically active H3P+ cells, and, of cells expressing the myogenic regulatory factors, myoD and myogenin, indicating enhanced proliferation and differentiation rates of satellite cells after ESWT. Mitotic activity at 4 days after injury was doubled in ESWT+ compared with ESWT- muscles. CONCLUSION ESWT stimulates regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue and accelerates repair processes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We provide evidence for accelerated regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle after ESWT. Although further studies are necessary, our findings support the view that ESWT is an effective method to improve muscle healing, with special relevance to sports injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zissler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Steinbacher
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reinhold Zimmermann
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Salzburg General Hospital, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Pittner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Walter Stoiber
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Arne C Bathke
- Department of Mathematics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Zhang W, Roy S. Myomaker is required for the fusion of fast-twitch myocytes in the zebrafish embryo. Dev Biol 2017; 423:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ay B, Karaoz E, Kesemenli CC, Kenar H. Skeletal muscle patch engineering on synthetic and acellular human skeletal muscle originated scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:879-890. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birol Ay
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Cumhur C. Kesemenli
- Faculty of Medicine; Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Halime Kenar
- Stem Cell Department; Kocaeli University, Institute of Health Sciences; Kocaeli Turkey
- BIOMATEN Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; METU; Ankara Turkey
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Kocaeli University; Kocaeli Turkey
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Blijleven JS, Boonstra S, Onck PR, van der Giessen E, van Oijen AM. Mechanisms of influenza viral membrane fusion. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 60:78-88. [PMID: 27401120 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viral particles are enveloped by a lipid bilayer. A major step in infection is fusion of the viral and host cellular membranes, a process with large kinetic barriers. Influenza membrane fusion is catalyzed by hemagglutinin (HA), a class I viral fusion protein activated by low pH. The exact nature of the HA conformational changes that deliver the energy required for fusion remains poorly understood. This review summarizes our current knowledge of HA structure and dynamics, describes recent single-particle experiments and modeling studies, and discusses their role in understanding how multiple HAs mediate fusion. These approaches provide a mechanistic picture in which HAs independently and stochastically insert into the target membrane, forming a cluster of HAs that is collectively able to overcome the barrier to membrane fusion. The new experimental and modeling approaches described in this review hold promise for a more complete understanding of other viral fusion systems and the protein systems responsible for cellular fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle S Blijleven
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Boonstra
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick R Onck
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van der Giessen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine M van Oijen
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Betz C, Lenard A, Belting HG, Affolter M. Cell behaviors and dynamics during angiogenesis. Development 2016; 143:2249-60. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.135616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular networks are formed and maintained through a multitude of angiogenic processes, such as sprouting, anastomosis and pruning. Only recently has it become possible to study the behavior of the endothelial cells that contribute to these networks at a single-cell level in vivo. This Review summarizes what is known about endothelial cell behavior during developmental angiogenesis, focusing on the morphogenetic changes that these cells undergo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Betz
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Anna Lenard
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Markus Affolter
- Biozentrum der Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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