1
|
Shang T, Jiang T, Cui X, Pan Y, Feng X, Dong L, Wang H. Diverse functions of SOX9 in liver development and homeostasis and hepatobiliary diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:100996. [PMID: 38523677 PMCID: PMC10958229 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is the central organ for digestion and detoxification and has unique metabolic and regenerative capacities. The hepatobiliary system originates from the foregut endoderm, in which cells undergo multiple events of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation to form the liver parenchyma and ductal system under the hierarchical regulation of transcription factors. Studies on liver development and diseases have revealed that SRY-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) plays an important role in liver embryogenesis and the progression of hepatobiliary diseases. SOX9 is not only a master regulator of cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis, but also regulates various biological features of cancer, including cancer stemness, invasion, and drug resistance, making SOX9 a potential biomarker for tumor prognosis and progression. This review systematically summarizes the latest findings of SOX9 in hepatobiliary development, homeostasis, and disease. We also highlight the value of SOX9 as a novel biomarker and potential target for the clinical treatment of major liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaowen Cui
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yufei Pan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Xiaofan Feng
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, The Naval Medical University, Shanghai 201805, China
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aberle T, Walter A, Piefke S, Hillgärtner S, Wüst HM, Wegner M, Küspert M. Sox10 Activity and the Timing of Schwann Cell Differentiation Are Controlled by a Tle4-Dependent Negative Feedback Loop. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5234. [PMID: 38791273 PMCID: PMC11120983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The HMG-domain containing transcription factor Sox10 plays a crucial role in regulating Schwann cell survival and differentiation and is expressed throughout the entire Schwann cell lineage. While its importance in peripheral myelination is well established, little is known about its role in the early stages of Schwann cell development. In a search for direct target genes of Sox10 in Schwann cell precursors, the transcriptional co-repressor Tle4 was identified. At least two regions upstream of the Tle4 gene appear involved in mediating the Sox10-dependent activation. Once induced, Tle4 works in tandem with the bHLH transcriptional repressor Hes1 and exerts a dual inhibitory effect on Sox10 by preventing the Sox10 protein from transcriptionally activating maturation genes and by suppressing Sox10 expression through known enhancers of the gene. This mechanism establishes a regulatory barrier that prevents premature activation of factors involved in differentiation and myelin formation by Sox10 in immature Schwann cells. The identification of Tle4 as a critical downstream target of Sox10 sheds light on the gene regulatory network in the early phases of Schwann cell development. It unravels an elaborate regulatory circuitry that fine-tunes the timing and extent of Schwann cell differentiation and myelin gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Melanie Küspert
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Yuan J, Dong Y, Jiang S, Zhang M, Zhao X. Interaction between Oligodendrocytes and Interneurons in Brain Development and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3620. [PMID: 38612430 PMCID: PMC11011273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders have recently been shown to be highly associated with the abnormal development and function of oligodendrocytes (OLs) and interneurons. OLs are the myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS), while interneurons are important neural types gating the function of excitatory neurons. These two types of cells are of great significance for the establishment and function of neural circuits, and they share similar developmental origins and transcriptional architectures, and interact with each other in multiple ways during development. In this review, we compare the similarities and differences in these two cell types, providing an important reference and further revealing the pathogenesis of related brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang J, Wang Y, Sun M, Luo X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li S, Hu D, Zhang J, Wu Z, Chen X, Zhang B, Xu X, Wang S, Xu S, Huang W, Xia L. SOX on tumors, a comfort or a constraint? Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 38331879 PMCID: PMC10853543 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) family, composed of 20 transcription factors, is a conserved family with a highly homologous HMG domain. Due to their crucial role in determining cell fate, the dysregulation of SOX family members is closely associated with tumorigenesis, including tumor invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and drug resistance. Despite considerable research to investigate the mechanisms and functions of the SOX family, confusion remains regarding aspects such as the role of the SOX family in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and contradictory impacts the SOX family exerts on tumors. This review summarizes the physiological function of the SOX family and their multiple roles in tumors, with a focus on the relationship between the SOX family and TIME, aiming to propose their potential role in cancer and promising methods for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhangfan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake university school of medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li C, Cheng B, Yang X, Tong G, Wang F, Li M, Wang X, Wang S. SOX8 promotes tumor growth and metastasis through FZD6-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22586. [PMID: 38046159 PMCID: PMC10686890 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX8 plays an important role in several physiological processes. Its expression is negatively associated with overall survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC), suggesting SOX8 is a potential prognostic factor for this disease. However, the role of SOX8 in CRC remains largely unknown. In this study, our data showed that SOX8 expression was upregulated in CRC cell lines and tumor tissues. Stable knockdown of SOX8 in CRC cell lines dramatically reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the knockdown of SOX8 decreased the phospho-GSK3β level and suppressed Frizzled-6 (FZD6) transcription; restoration of FZD6 expression partially abolished the effect of SOX8 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promote CRC cell proliferation. In conclusion, our findings suggested that SOX8 served as an oncogene in CRC through the activation of FZD6-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Boran Cheng
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Gangling Tong
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Mengqing Li
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen-Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Warman-Chardon J, Hartley T, Marshall AE, McBride A, Couse M, Macdonald W, Mann MRW, Bourque PR, Breiner A, Lochmüller H, Woulfe J, Sampaio ML, Melkus G, Brais B, Dyment DA, Boycott KM, Kernohan K. Biallelic SOX8 Variants Associated With Novel Syndrome With Myopathy, Skeletal Deformities, Intellectual Disability, and Ovarian Dysfunction. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200088. [PMID: 38235364 PMCID: PMC10508790 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The human genome contains ∼20,000 genes, each of which has its own set of complex regulatory systems to govern precise expression in each developmental stage and cell type. Here, we report a female patient with congenital weakness, respiratory failure, skeletal dysplasia, contractures, short stature, intellectual delay, respiratory failure, and amenorrhea who presented to Medical Genetics service with no known cause for her condition. Methods Whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing were conducted, as well as investigational functional studies to assess the effect of SOX8 variant. Results The patient was found to have biallelic SOX8 variants (NM_014587.3:c.422+5G>C; c.583dup p.(His195ProfsTer11)). SOX8 is a transcriptional regulator, which is predicted to be imprinted (expressed from only one parental allele), but this has not yet been confirmed. We provide evidence that while SOX8 was maternally expressed in adult-derived fibroblasts and lymphoblasts, it was biallelically expressed in other cell types and therefore suggest that biallelic variants are associated with this recessive condition. Functionally, we showed that the paternal variant had the capacity to affect mRNA splicing while the maternal variant resulted in low levels of a truncated protein, which showed decreased binding at and altered expression of SOX8 targets. Discussion Our findings associate SOX8 variants with this novel condition, highlight how complex genome regulation can complicate novel disease-gene identification, and provide insight into the molecular pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Warman-Chardon
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Taila Hartley
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aren Elizabeth Marshall
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Arran McBride
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Madeline Couse
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - William Macdonald
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mellissa R W Mann
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Pierre R Bourque
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ari Breiner
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Marcos Loreto Sampaio
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bernard Brais
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David A Dyment
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kym M Boycott
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristin Kernohan
- From the Department of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L.), The Ottawa Hospital; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (J.W.-C., P.R.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., G.M.); Faculty of Medicine (J.W.-C., P.R.B., A.B., H.L., J.W., M.L.S., D.A.D., K.M.B.); Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute (J.W.-C., T.H., A.E.M., A.M., H.L., D.A.D., K.M.B., K.K.), University of Ottawa; Hospital for Sick Children (M.C.), Centre for Computational Medicine, Toronto, Canada; Department of Obstetrics (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Gynaecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute (W.M., M.R.W.M.), Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (A.B., J.W.), The Ottawa Hospital; Department of Radiology (M.L.S., G.M.), Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, University of Ottawa; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University; and Newborn Screening Ontario (K.K.), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sy AL, Hoang MP. SOX10. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:649-653. [PMID: 37336549 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2023-208924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The SOX gene encodes for transcription factors that are involved in embryogenesis and cell differentiation. Specifically, SOX10 aids with neural crest shuttling and development. In diagnostic histopathology, Sox10 immunostain is a helpful ancillary test due to its high sensitivity for melanocytic and peripheral nerve sheath neoplasms, and its role in distinguishing triple-negative breast carcinomas from gynaecological carcinoma, cutaneous adnexal neoplasms and salivary glands neoplasms from histological mimics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert L Sy
- Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mai P Hoang
- Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mihailova V, Stoyanova II, Tonchev AB. Glial Populations in the Human Brain Following Ischemic Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2332. [PMID: 37760773 PMCID: PMC10525766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in glial cells in the central nervous system due to their important role in maintaining brain homeostasis under physiological conditions and after injury. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated regarding their capacity to exert either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects under different pathological conditions. In combination with their proliferative potential, they contribute not only to the limitation of brain damage and tissue remodeling but also to neuronal repair and synaptic recovery. Moreover, reactive glial cells can modulate the processes of neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, and migration of neurons in the existing neural circuits in the adult brain. By discovering precise signals within specific niches, the regulation of sequential processes in adult neurogenesis holds the potential to unlock strategies that can stimulate the generation of functional neurons, whether in response to injury or as a means of addressing degenerative neurological conditions. Cerebral ischemic stroke, a condition falling within the realm of acute vascular disorders affecting the circulation in the brain, stands as a prominent global cause of disability and mortality. Extensive investigations into glial plasticity and their intricate interactions with other cells in the central nervous system have predominantly relied on studies conducted on experimental animals, including rodents and primates. However, valuable insights have also been gleaned from in vivo studies involving poststroke patients, utilizing highly specialized imaging techniques. Following the attempts to map brain cells, the role of various transcription factors in modulating gene expression in response to cerebral ischemia is gaining increasing popularity. Although the results obtained thus far remain incomplete and occasionally ambiguous, they serve as a solid foundation for the development of strategies aimed at influencing the recovery process after ischemic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Mihailova
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (I.I.S.); (A.B.T.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu X, Liu XQ, Liu XL, Wang X, Zhang WD, Huang XF, Jia FY, Kong P, Han M. SM22α Deletion Contributes to Neurocognitive Impairment in Mice through Modulating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087117. [PMID: 37108281 PMCID: PMC10138350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence now indicates that cognitive impairment is primarily a vascular disorder. The depletion of smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22α) contributes to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) switching from contractile to synthetic and proinflammatory phenotypes in the context of inflammation. However, the role of VSMCs in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment remains undetermined. Herein, we showed a possible link between VSMC phenotypic switching and neurodegenerative diseases via the integration of multi-omics data. SM22α knockout (Sm22α-/-) mice exhibited obvious cognitive impairment and cerebral pathological changes, which were visibly ameliorated by the administration of AAV-SM22α. Finally, we confirmed that SM22α disruption promotes the expression of SRY-related HMG-box gene 10 (Sox10) in VSMCs, thereby aggravating the systemic vascular inflammatory response and ultimately leading to cognitive impairment in the brain. Therefore, this study supports the idea of VSMCs and SM22α as promising therapeutic targets in cognitive impairment to improve memory and cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xin-Long Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wen-Di Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xiao-Fu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Fang-Yue Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ju C, Yuan F, Wang L, Zang C, Ning J, Shang M, Ma J, Li G, Yang Y, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Li F, Bao X, Zhang D. Inhibition of CXCR2 enhances CNS remyelination via modulating PDE10A/cAMP signaling pathway. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105988. [PMID: 36603746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) plays an important role in demyelinating diseases, but the detailed mechanisms were not yet clarified. In the present study, we mainly investigated the critical function and the potential molecular mechanisms of CXCR2 on oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and remyelination. The present study demonstrated that inhibiting CXCR2 significantly enhanced OPC differentiation and remyelination in primary cultured OPCs and ethidium bromide (EB)-intoxicated rats by facilitating the formation of myelin proteins, including PDGFRα, MBP, MAG, MOG, and Caspr. Further investigation identified phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) as a main downstream protein of CXCR2, interacting with the receptor to regulate OPC differentiation, in that inhibition of CXCR2 reduced PDE10A expression while suppression of PDE10A did not affect CXCR2. Furthermore, inhibition of PDE10A promoted OPC differentiation, whereas overexpression of PDE10A down-regulated OPC differentiation. Our data also revealed that inhibition of CXCR2/PDE10A activated the cAMP/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and up-regulated the expression of key transcription factors, including SOX10, OLIG2, MYRF, and ZFP24, that ultimately promoted remyelination and myelin protein biosynthesis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that inhibition of CXCR2 promoted OPC differentiation and enhanced remyelination by regulating PDE10A/cAMP/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The present data also highlighted that CXCR2 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of demyelination diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingwen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meiyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiuzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Szeto IYY, Chu DKH, Chen P, Chu KC, Au TYK, Leung KKH, Huang YH, Wynn SL, Mak ACY, Chan YS, Chan WY, Jauch R, Fritzsch B, Sham MH, Lovell-Badge R, Cheah KSE. SOX9 and SOX10 control fluid homeostasis in the inner ear for hearing through independent and cooperative mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122121119. [PMID: 36343245 PMCID: PMC9674217 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo mechanisms underlying dominant syndromes caused by mutations in SRY-Box Transcription Factor 9 (SOX9) and SOX10 (SOXE) transcription factors, when they either are expressed alone or are coexpressed, are ill-defined. We created a mouse model for the campomelic dysplasia SOX9Y440X mutation, which truncates the transactivation domain but leaves DNA binding and dimerization intact. Here, we find that SOX9Y440X causes deafness via distinct mechanisms in the endolymphatic sac (ES)/duct and cochlea. By contrast, conditional heterozygous Sox9-null mice are normal. During the ES development of Sox9Y440X/+ heterozygotes, Sox10 and genes important for ionic homeostasis are down-regulated, and there is developmental persistence of progenitors, resulting in fewer mature cells. Sox10 heterozygous null mutants also display persistence of ES/duct progenitors. By contrast, SOX10 retains its expression in the early Sox9Y440X/+ mutant cochlea. Later, in the postnatal stria vascularis, dominant interference by SOX9Y440X is implicated in impairing the normal cooperation of SOX9 and SOX10 in repressing the expression of the water channel Aquaporin 3, thereby contributing to endolymphatic hydrops. Our study shows that for a functioning endolymphatic system in the inner ear, SOX9 regulates Sox10, and depending on the cell type and target gene, it works either independently of or cooperatively with SOX10. SOX9Y440X can interfere with the activity of both SOXE factors, exerting effects that can be classified as haploinsufficient/hypomorphic or dominant negative depending on the cell/gene context. This model of disruption of transcription factor partnerships may be applicable to congenital deafness, which affects ∼0.3% of newborns, and other syndromic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y. Y. Szeto
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel K. H. Chu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peikai Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chi Chu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tiffany Y. K. Au
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith K. H. Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong-Heng Huang
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Sarah L. Wynn
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angel C. Y. Mak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wood Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ralf Jauch
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
- Genome Regulation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Mai Har Sham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kathryn S. E. Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Willems M, Wells CF, Coubes C, Pequignot M, Kuony A, Michon F. Hypolacrimia and Alacrimia as Diagnostic Features for Genetic or Congenital Conditions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:3. [PMID: 35925585 PMCID: PMC9363675 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.9.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the lacrimal apparatus, the lacrimal gland participates in the maintenance of a healthy eye surface by producing the aqueous part of the tear film. Alacrimia and hypolacrimia, which are relatively rare during childhood or young adulthood, have their origin in a number of mechanisms which include agenesia, aplasia, hypoplasia, or incorrect maturation of the gland. Moreover, impaired innervation of the gland and/or the cornea and alterations of protein secretion pathways can lead to a defective tear film. In most conditions leading to alacrimia or hypolacrimia, however, the altered tear film is only one of numerous defects that arise and therefore is commonly disregarded. Here, we have systematically reviewed all of those genetic conditions or congenital disorders that have alacrimia or hypolacrimia as a feature. Where it is known, we describe the mechanism of the defect in question. It has been possible to clearly establish the physiopathology of only a minority of these conditions. As hypolacrimia and alacrimia are rare features, this review could be used as a tool in clinical genetics to perform a quick diagnosis, necessary for appropriate care and counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Willems
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Medical Genetic Department for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Reference Center AD SOOR, AnDDI-RARE, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Constance F Wells
- Medical Genetic Department for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Reference Center AD SOOR, AnDDI-RARE, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Coubes
- Medical Genetic Department for Rare Diseases and Personalized Medicine, Reference Center AD SOOR, AnDDI-RARE, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Pequignot
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alison Kuony
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Michon
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qi J, Ma L, Guo W. Recent advances in the regulation mechanism of SOX10. J Otol 2022; 17:247-252. [PMID: 36249926 PMCID: PMC9547104 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) is the primitive neural structure in embryonic stage, which develops from ectodermal neural plate cells and epithelial cells. When the neural fold forms into neural tube, neural crest also forms a cord like structure above the neural tube and below the ectoderm. Neural crest cells (NCC) have strong migration and proliferation abilities. A number of tissue cells differentiate from neural crest cells, such as melanocytes, central and peripheral neurons, glial cells, craniofacial cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and smooth muscle cells. The migration and differentiation of neural crest cells are regulated by a gene network where a variety of genes, transcriptional factors, signal pathways and growth factors are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingcui Qi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Ma
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Department of Stomatology, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Hearing Science, Ministry of Education, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Hearing Impairment for Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu CF, Ni Y, Thachil V, Morley M, Moravec CS, Tang WHW. Differential expression of members of SOX family of transcription factors in failing human hearts. Transl Res 2022; 242:66-78. [PMID: 34695607 PMCID: PMC8891044 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Sry-related high-mobility-group box (SOX) gene family, with 20 known transcription factors in humans, plays an essential role during development and disease processes. Several SOX proteins (SOX4, 11, and 9) are required for normal heart morphogenesis. SOX9 was shown to contribute to cardiac fibrosis. However, differential expression of other SOXs and their roles in the failing human myocardium have not been explored. Here, we used the whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), gene co-expression, and meta-analysis to examine whether any SOX factors might play a role in the failing human myocardium. RNA-seq analysis was performed for cardiac tissue samples from heart failure (HF) patients due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and healthy donors (NF). The RNA levels of 20 SOX genes from RNA-seq data were extracted and compared to the 3 groups. Four SOX genes whose RNA levels were significantly upregulated in DCM or HCM compared to NF. However, only SOX4 and SOX8 proteins were markedly increased in the HF groups. A moderate to strong correlation was observed between the RNA level of SOX4/8 and fibrotic genes among each individual. Gene co-expression network analysis identified genes associated and respond similarly to perturbations with SOX4 in cardiac tissues. Using a meta-analysis combining epigenetics and genome-wide association data, we reported several genomic variants associated with HF phenotype linked to SOX4 or SOX8. In summary, our results implicate that SOX4 and SOX8 have a role in cardiomyopathy, leading to HF in humans. The molecular mechanism associated with them in HF warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ying Ni
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Varun Thachil
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael Morley
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine S Moravec
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wai Hong Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sox9 is involved in the thyroid differentiation program and is regulated by crosstalk between TSH, TGFβ and thyroid transcription factors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2144. [PMID: 35140269 PMCID: PMC8828901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the differentiation of thyroid follicular cells, both in embryonic and adult life, are increasingly well understood, the underlying mechanisms and potential crosstalk between the thyroid transcription factors Nkx2.1, Foxe1 and Pax8 and inductive signals remain unclear. Here, we focused on the transcription factor Sox9, which is expressed in Nkx2.1-positive embryonic thyroid precursor cells and is maintained from embryonic development to adulthood, but its function and control are unknown. We show that two of the main signals regulating thyroid differentiation, TSH and TGFβ, modulate Sox9 expression. Specifically, TSH stimulates the cAMP/PKA pathway to transcriptionally upregulate Sox9 mRNA and protein expression, a mechanism that is mediated by the binding of CREB to a CRE site within the Sox9 promoter. Contrastingly, TGFβ signals through Smad proteins to inhibit TSH-induced Sox9 transcription. Our data also reveal that Sox9 transcription is regulated by the thyroid transcription factors, particularly Pax8. Interestingly, Sox9 significantly increased the transcriptional activation of Pax8 and Foxe1 promoters and, consequently, their expression, but had no effect on Nkx2.1. Our study establishes the involvement of Sox9 in thyroid follicular cell differentiation and broadens our understanding of transcription factor regulation of thyroid function.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tsunogai Y, Miyadai M, Nagao Y, Sugiwaka K, Kelsh RN, Hibi M, Hashimoto H. Contribution of sox9b to pigment cell formation in medaka fish. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:516-522. [PMID: 34807452 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
SoxE-type transcription factors, Sox10 and Sox9, are key regulators of the development of neural crest cells. Sox10 specifies pigment cell, glial, and neuronal lineages, whereas Sox9 is reportedly closely associated with skeletogenic lineages in the head, but its involvement in pigment cell formation has not been investigated genetically. Thus, it is not fully understood whether or how distinctly these genes as well as their paralogs in teleosts are subfunctionalized. We have previously shown using the medaka fish Oryzias latipes that pigment cell formation is severely affected by the loss of sox10a, yet unaffected by the loss of sox10b. Here we aimed to determine whether Sox9 is involved in the specification of pigment cell lineage. The sox9b homozygous mutation did not affect pigment cell formation, despite lethality at the early larval stages. By using sox10a, sox10b, and sox9b mutations, compound mutants were established for the sox9b and sox10 genes and pigment cell phenotypes were analyzed. Simultaneous loss of sox9b and sox10a resulted in the complete absence of melanophores and xanthophores from hatchlings and severely defective iridophore formation, as has been previously shown for sox10a-/- ; sox10b-/- double mutants, indicating that Sox9b as well as Sox10b functions redundantly with Sox10a in pigment cell development. Notably, leucophores were present in sox9b-/- ; sox10a-/- and sox10a-/- ; sox10b-/- double mutants, but their numbers were significantly reduced in the sox9b-/- ; sox10a-/- mutants. These findings highlight that Sox9b is involved in pigment cell formation, and plays a more critical role in leucophore development than Sox10b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tsunogai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motohiro Miyadai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nagao
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sugiwaka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Robert N Kelsh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Masahiko Hibi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Migale R, Neumann M, Lovell-Badge R. Long-Range Regulation of Key Sex Determination Genes. Sex Dev 2021; 15:360-380. [PMID: 34753143 DOI: 10.1159/000519891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of sexually dimorphic gonads is a unique process that starts with the specification of the bipotential genital ridges and culminates with the development of fully differentiated ovaries and testes in females and males, respectively. Research on sex determination has been mostly focused on the identification of sex determination genes, the majority of which encode for proteins and specifically transcription factors such as SOX9 in the testes and FOXL2 in the ovaries. Our understanding of which factors may be critical for sex determination have benefited from the study of human disorders of sex development (DSD) and animal models, such as the mouse and the goat, as these often replicate the same phenotypes observed in humans when mutations or chromosomic rearrangements arise in protein-coding genes. Despite the advances made so far in explaining the role of key factors such as SRY, SOX9, and FOXL2 and the genes they control, what may regulate these factors upstream is not entirely understood, often resulting in the inability to correctly diagnose DSD patients. The role of non-coding DNA, which represents 98% of the human genome, in sex determination has only recently begun to be fully appreciated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the long-range regulation of 2 important sex determination genes, SOX9 and FOXL2, and discuss the challenges that lie ahead and the many avenues of research yet to be explored in the sex determination field.
Collapse
|
18
|
El-Hodiri HM, Campbell WA, Kelly LE, Hawthorn EC, Schwartz M, Jalligampala A, McCall MA, Meyer K, Fischer AJ. Nuclear Factor I in neurons, glia and during the formation of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells in avian, porcine and primate retinas. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1213-1230. [PMID: 34729776 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of Müller glia (MG) is extraordinary in fish, poor in chick and terrible in mammals. In the chick model, MG readily reprogram into proliferating Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs), but neuronal differentiation is very limited. The factors that suppress the neurogenic potential of MGPCs in the chick are slowly being revealed. Isoforms of Nuclear Factor I (NFI) are cell-intrinsic factors that limit neurogenic potential; these factors are required for the formation of MG in the developing mouse retina (Clark et al., 2019) and deletion of these factors reprograms MG into neuron-like cells in mature mouse retina (Hoang et al., 2020). Accordingly, we sought to characterize the patterns of expression NFIs in the developing, mature and damaged chick retina. In addition, we characterized patterns of expression of NFIs in the retinas of large mammals, pigs and monkeys. Using a combination of single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and immunolabeling we probed for patterns of expression. In embryonic chick, levels of NFIs are very low in early E5 (embryonic day 5) retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), up-regulated in E8 RPCs, further up-regulated in differentiating MG at E12 and E15. NFIs are maintained in mature resting MG, microglia and neurons. Levels of NFIs are reduced in activated MG in retinas treated with NMDA and/or insulin+FGF2, and further down-regulated in proliferating MGPCs. However, levels of NFIs in MGPCs were significantly higher than those seen in RPCs. Immunolabeling for NFIA and NFIB closely matched patterns of expression revealed in different types of retinal neurons and glia, consistent with findings from scRNA-seq. In addition, we find expression of NFIA and NFIB through progenitors in the circumferential marginal zone at the far periphery of the retina. We find similar patterns of expression for NFIs in scRNA-seq databases for pig and monkey retinas. Patterns of expression of NFIA and NFIB were validated with immunofluorescence in pig and monkey retinas wherein these factors were predominantly detected in MG and a few types of inner retinal neurons. In summary, NFIA and NFIB are prominently expressed in developing chick retina and by mature neurons and glia in the retinas of chicks, pigs and monkeys. Although levels of NFIs are decreased in chick, in MGPCs these levels remain higher than those seen in neurogenic RPCs. We propose that the neurogenic potential of MGPCs in the chick retina is suppressed by NFIs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heithem M El-Hodiri
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Warren A Campbell
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lisa E Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Evan C Hawthorn
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Maura Schwartz
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Archana Jalligampala
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Maureen A McCall
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- Center for Gene Therapy, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Andy J Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Takouda J, Katada S, Imamura T, Sanosaka T, Nakashima K. SoxE group transcription factor Sox8 promotes astrocytic differentiation of neural stem/precursor cells downstream of Nfia. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00749. [PMID: 34677001 PMCID: PMC8532136 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain consists of three major cell types: neurons and two glial cell types (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). Although they are generated from common multipotent neural stem/precursor cells (NS/PCs), embryonic NS/PCs cannot generate all of the cell types at the beginning of brain development. NS/PCs first undergo extensive self-renewal to expand their pools, and then acquire the potential to produce neurons, followed by glial cells. Astrocytes are the most frequently found cell type in the central nervous system (CNS), and play important roles in brain development and functions. Although it has been shown that nuclear factor IA (Nfia) is a pivotal transcription factor for conferring gliogenic potential on neurogenic NS/PCs by sequestering DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) from astrocyte-specific genes, direct targets of Nfia that participate in astrocytic differentiation have yet to be completely identified. Here we show that SRY-box transcription factor 8 (Sox8) is a direct target gene of Nfia at the initiation of the gliogenic phase. We found that expression of Sox8 augmented leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-induced astrocytic differentiation, while Sox8 knockdown inhibited Nfia-enhanced astrocytic differentiation of NS/PCs. In contrast to Nfia, Sox8 did not induce DNA demethylation of an astrocyte-specific marker gene, glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap), but instead associated with LIF downstream transcription factor STAT3 through transcriptional coactivator p300, explaining how Sox8 expression further facilitated LIF-induced Gfap expression. Taken together, these results suggest that Sox8 is a crucial Nfia downstream transcription factor for the astrocytic differentiation of NS/PCs in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takouda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayako Katada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Imamura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Program of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sanosaka
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pingault V, Zerad L, Bertani-Torres W, Bondurand N. SOX10: 20 years of phenotypic plurality and current understanding of its developmental function. J Med Genet 2021; 59:105-114. [PMID: 34667088 PMCID: PMC8788258 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SOX10 belongs to a family of 20 SRY (sex-determining region Y)-related high mobility group box-containing (SOX) proteins, most of which contribute to cell type specification and differentiation of various lineages. The first clue that SOX10 is essential for development, especially in the neural crest, came with the discovery that heterozygous mutations occurring within and around SOX10 cause Waardenburg syndrome type 4. Since then, heterozygous mutations have been reported in Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (Waardenburg syndrome type without Hirschsprung disease), PCWH or PCW (peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelination, Waardenburg syndrome, with or without Hirschsprung disease), intestinal manifestations beyond Hirschsprung (ie, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction), Kallmann syndrome and cancer. All of these diseases are consistent with the regulatory role of SOX10 in various neural crest derivatives (melanocytes, the enteric nervous system, Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells) and extraneural crest tissues (inner ear, oligodendrocytes). The recent evolution of medical practice in constitutional genetics has led to the identification of SOX10 variants in atypical contexts, such as isolated hearing loss or neurodevelopmental disorders, making them more difficult to classify in the absence of both a typical phenotype and specific expertise. Here, we report novel mutations and review those that have already been published and their functional consequences, along with current understanding of SOX10 function in the affected cell types identified through in vivo and in vitro models. We also discuss research options to increase our understanding of the origin of the observed phenotypic variability and improve the diagnosis and medical care of affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Pingault
- Department of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris and Institut Imagine, Paris, France .,Service de Génétique des Maladies Rares, AP-HP, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Zerad
- Department of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - William Bertani-Torres
- Department of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Nadege Bondurand
- Department of Embryology and Genetics of Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris and Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
In Silico Analysis to Explore Lineage-Independent and -Dependent Transcriptional Programs Associated with the Process of Endothelial and Neural Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184161. [PMID: 34575270 PMCID: PMC8471316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a major interest in understanding how the endothelial cell phenotype is established, the underlying molecular basis of this process is not yet fully understood. We have previously reported the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and differentiation of the resulting HiPS back to endothelial cells (Ec-Diff), as well as neural (Nn-Diff) cell lineage that contained both neurons and astrocytes. Furthermore, the identities of these cell lineages were established by gene array analysis. Here, we explored the same arrays to gain insight into the gene alteration processes that accompany the establishment of endothelial vs. non-endothelial neural cell phenotypes. We compared the expression of genes that code for transcription factors and epigenetic regulators when HiPS is differentiated into these endothelial and non-endothelial lineages. Our in silico analyses have identified cohorts of genes that are similarly up- or downregulated in both lineages, as well as those that exhibit lineage-specific alterations. Based on these results, we propose that genes that are similarly altered in both lineages participate in priming the stem cell for differentiation in a lineage-independent manner, whereas those that are differentially altered in endothelial compared to neural cells participate in a lineage-specific differentiation process. Specific GATA family members and their cofactors and epigenetic regulators (DNMT3B, PRDM14, HELLS) with a major role in regulating DNA methylation were among participants in priming HiPS for lineage-independent differentiation. In addition, we identified distinct cohorts of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators whose alterations correlated specifically with the establishment of endothelial vs. non-endothelial neural lineages.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sock E, Wegner M. Using the lineage determinants Olig2 and Sox10 to explore transcriptional regulation of oligodendrocyte development. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:892-901. [PMID: 34480425 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors Olig2 and Sox10 jointly define oligodendroglial identity. Because of their continuous presence during development and in the differentiated state they shape the oligodendroglial regulatory network at all times. In this review, we exploit their eminent role and omnipresence to elaborate the central principles that organize the gene regulatory network in oligodendrocytes in such a way that it preserves its identity, but at the same time allows defined and stimulus-dependent changes that result in an ordered lineage progression, differentiation, and myelination. For this purpose, we outline the multiple functional and physical interactions and intricate cross-regulatory relationships with other transcription factors, such as Hes5, Id, and SoxD proteins, in oligodendrocyte precursors and Tcf7l2, Sip1, Nkx2.2, Zfp24, and Myrf during differentiation and myelination, and interpret them in the context of the regulatory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen YC, Sheen JM, Wang SC, Hsu MH, Hsiao CC, Chang KA, Huang LT. Methotrexate Neurotoxicity Is Related to Epigenetic Modification of the Myelination Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6718. [PMID: 34201550 PMCID: PMC8267729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of the survival rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children, some children ALL survivors reveal inferior intellectual and cognition outcome. Methotrexate (MTX), while serving as an essential component in ALL treatment, has been reported to be related to various neurologic sequelae. Using combined intrathecal (IT) and intraperitoneal (IP) MTX model, we had demonstrated impaired spatial memory function in developing rats, which can be rescued by melatonin treatment. To elucidate the impact of MTX treatment on the epigenetic modifications of the myelination process, we examined the change of neurotrophin and myelination-related transcriptomes in the present study and found combined IT and IP MTX treatment resulted in altered epigenetic modification on the myelination process, mainly in the hippocampus. Further, melatonin can restore the MTX effect through alterations of the epigenetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kow-Aung Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (J.-M.S.); (S.-C.W.); (M.-H.H.); (C.-C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nishiyama A, Serwanski DR, Pfeiffer F. Many roles for oligodendrocyte precursor cells in physiology and pathology. Neuropathology 2021; 41:161-173. [PMID: 33913208 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are a fourth resident glial cell population in the mammalian central nervous system. They are evenly distributed throughout the gray and white matter and continue to proliferate and generate new oligodendrocytes (OLs) throughout life. They were understudied until a few decades ago when immunolabeling for NG2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha revealed cells that are distinct from mature OLs, astrocytes, neurons, and microglia. In this review, we provide a summary of the known properties of OPCs with some historical background, followed by highlights from recent studies that suggest new roles for OPCs in certain pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,The Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - David R Serwanski
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Friederike Pfeiffer
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurophysiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Vitamin E, discovered in 1922, is essential for pregnant rats to carry their babies to term. However, 100 years later, the molecular mechanisms for the vitamin E requirement during embryogenesis remain unknown. Vitamin E's role during pregnancy has been difficult to study and thus, a vitamin E-deficient (E-) zebrafish embryo model was developed. Vitamin E deficiency in zebrafish embryos initiates lipid peroxidation, depletes a specific phospholipid (DHA-phosphatidyl choline), causes secondary deficiencies of choline, betaine and critical thiols (such as glutathione), and dysregulates energy metabolism. Vitamin E deficiency not only distorts the carefully programmed development of the nervous system, but it leads to defects in several developing organs. Both the α-tocopherol transfer protein and vitamin E are necessary for embryonic development, neurogenesis and cognition in this model and likely in human embryos. Elucidation of the control mechanisms for the cellular and metabolic pathways involved in the molecular dysregulation caused by vitamin E deficiency will lead to important insights into abnormal neurogenesis and embryonic malformations.
Collapse
|
26
|
Gene Expression of Mouse Hippocampal Stem Cells Grown in a Galactose-Derived Molecular Gel Compared to In Vivo and Neurospheres. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: N-heptyl-D-galactonamide (GalC7) is a small synthetic carbohydrate derivative that forms a biocompatible supramolecular hydrogel. In this study, the objective was to analyze more in-depth how neural cells differentiate in contact with GalC7. Method: Direct (ex vivo) cells of the fresh hippocampus and culture (In vitro) of the primary cells were investigated. In vitro, investigation performed under three conditions: on culture in neurospheres for 19 days, on culture in GalC7 gel for 7 days, and on culture in both neurospheres and GalC7 gel. Total RNA was isolated with TRIzol from each group, Sox8, Sox9, Sox10, Dcx, and Neurod1 expression levels were measured by qPCR. Result: Sox8 and Sox10, oligodendrocyte markers, and Sox9, an astrocyte marker, were expressed at a much higher level after 7 days of culture in GalC7 hydrogel compared to all other conditions. Dcx, a marker of neurogenesis, and Neurod1, a marker of neuronal differentiation, were expressed at better levels in the GalC7 gel culture compared to the neurosphere. Conclusions: These results show that the GalC7 hydrogel brings different and interesting conditions for inducing the differentiation and maturation of neural progenitor cells compared with polymer-based scaffolds or cell-only conditions. The differences observed open new perspectives in tissue engineering, induction, and transcript analysis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu Y, Guo W. SOX factors as cell-state regulators in the mammary gland and breast cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:126-133. [PMID: 33583737 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that several SOX family transcription factors are key regulators of stem/progenitor cell fates in the mammary gland. These cell-fate regulators are often upregulated in breast cancer and contribute to tumor initiation and progression. They induce lineage plasticity and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which promotes tumor invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. SOX factors act through modulating multiple oncogenic signaling pathways in breast cancer. In addition to the cell-autonomous functions, new evidence suggests they can shape the tumor immune microenvironment. Here, we will review the molecular and functional evidence linking SOX factors with mammary gland development and discuss how these cell-fate regulators are co-opted in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Wenjun Guo
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sinha A, Fan VB, Ramakrishnan AB, Engelhardt N, Kennell J, Cadigan KM. Repression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by SOX9 and Mastermind-like transcriptional coactivator 2. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/8/eabe0849. [PMID: 33597243 PMCID: PMC7888933 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling requires inhibition of a multiprotein destruction complex that targets β-catenin for proteasomal degradation. SOX9 is a potent antagonist of the Wnt pathway and has been proposed to act through direct binding to β-catenin or the β-catenin destruction complex. Here, we demonstrate that SOX9 promotes turnover of β-catenin in mammalian cell culture, but this occurs independently of the destruction complex and the proteasome. This activity requires SOX9's ability to activate transcription. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SOX9 induces the expression of the Notch coactivator Mastermind-like transcriptional activator 2 (MAML2), which is required for SOX9-dependent Wnt/β-catenin antagonism. MAML2 promotes β-catenin turnover independently of Notch signaling, and MAML2 appears to associate directly with β-catenin in an in vitro binding assay. This work defines a previously unidentified pathway that promotes β-catenin degradation, acting in parallel to established mechanisms. SOX9 uses this pathway to restrict Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sinha
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vinson B Fan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aravinda-Bharathi Ramakrishnan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicole Engelhardt
- Department of Biology, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Ave, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Jennifer Kennell
- Department of Biology, Vassar College, 124 Raymond Ave, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Ken M Cadigan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Caramello A, Galichet C, Rizzoti K, Lovell-Badge R. Dentate gyrus development requires a cortical hem-derived astrocytic scaffold. eLife 2021; 10:63904. [PMID: 33393905 PMCID: PMC7806271 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, radial glial cells give rise to neurons, then to astrocytes following the gliogenic switch. Timely regulation of the switch, operated by several transcription factors, is fundamental for allowing coordinated interactions between neurons and glia. We deleted the gene for one such factor, SOX9, early during mouse brain development and observed a significantly compromised dentate gyrus (DG). We dissected the origin of the defect, targeting embryonic Sox9 deletion to either the DG neuronal progenitor domain or the adjacent cortical hem (CH). We identified in the latter previously uncharacterized ALDH1L1+ astrocytic progenitors, which form a fimbrial-specific glial scaffold necessary for neuronal progenitor migration toward the developing DG. Our results highlight an early crucial role of SOX9 for DG development through regulation of astroglial potential acquisition in the CH. Moreover, we illustrate how formation of a local network, amidst astrocytic and neuronal progenitors originating from adjacent domains, underlays brain morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Caramello
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Galichet
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Rizzoti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen X, Lin B, Luo M, Chu W, Li P, Liu H, Xi Z, Fan R. Identifying circRNA- and lncRNA-associated-ceRNA networks in the hippocampi of rats exposed to PM 2.5 using RNA-seq analysis. Genomics 2020; 113:193-204. [PMID: 33338629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs appear to be involved in the regulation of the nervous system. However, no competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network related to PM2.5 damage in the hippocampal function has yet been constructed. Herein, we used whole-transcriptome sequencing technology to systematically study the ceRNA network in rat hippocampi after PM2.5 exposure. We identified 100 circRNAs, 67 lncRNAs, 28 miRNAs, and 539 mRNAs and constructed the most comprehensive ceRNA network to date, to our knowledge. Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses showed that the network molecules are involved in synapses, neural projections, and neural development and involve signal pathways such as the synaptic vesicle cycle. Finally, the expression of the differentially expressed RNAs confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR was consistent with the sequencing data. This study systematically dissected the ceRNA atlas related to cognitive memory function in the hippocampal tissue of PM2.5-exposed rats for the first time, to our knowledge, and promotes the development of potential new treatments for cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Bencheng Lin
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Mingzhu Luo
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenbin Chu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Ping Li
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Zhuge Xi
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
| | - Rong Fan
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; Central laboratory, Tianjin Xiqing Hospital, Tianjin 300380, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yu L, Peng F, Dong X, Chen Y, Sun D, Jiang S, Deng C. Sex-Determining Region Y Chromosome-Related High-Mobility-Group Box 10 in Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564740. [PMID: 33344444 PMCID: PMC7744619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-related high mobility group-box 10 (SOX10), a member of the SOX family, has recently been highlighted as an essential transcriptional factor involved in developmental biology. Recently, the functionality of SOX 10 has been increasingly revealed by researchers worldwide. It has been reported that SOX10 significantly regulates the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of tumors and is closely associated with the progression of cancer. In this review, we first introduce the basic background of the SOX family and SOX10 and then discuss the pathophysiological roles of SOX10 in cancer. Besides, we enumerate the application of SOX10 in the pathological diagnosis and therapeutic potential of cancer. Eventually, we summarize the potential directions and perspectives of SOX10 in neoplastic theranostics. The information compiled herein may assist in additional studies and increase the potential of SOX10 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hopspital, The Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Outpatient Department of Liaoning Military Region, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hopspital, The Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hopspital, The Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Turrero García M, Baizabal JM, Tran DN, Peixoto R, Wang W, Xie Y, Adam MA, English LA, Reid CM, Brito SI, Booker MA, Tolstorukov MY, Harwell CC. Transcriptional regulation of MGE progenitor proliferation by PRDM16 controls cortical GABAergic interneuron production. Development 2020; 147:dev187526. [PMID: 33060132 PMCID: PMC7687860 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian cortex is populated by neurons derived from neural progenitors located throughout the embryonic telencephalon. Excitatory neurons are derived from the dorsal telencephalon, whereas inhibitory interneurons are generated in its ventral portion. The transcriptional regulator PRDM16 is expressed by radial glia, neural progenitors present in both regions; however, its mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. It is unclear whether PRDM16 plays a similar role in neurogenesis in both dorsal and ventral progenitor lineages and, if so, whether it regulates common or unique networks of genes. Here, we show that Prdm16 expression in mouse medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) progenitors is required for maintaining their proliferative capacity and for the production of proper numbers of forebrain GABAergic interneurons. PRDM16 binds to cis-regulatory elements and represses the expression of region-specific neuronal differentiation genes, thereby controlling the timing of neuronal maturation. PRDM16 regulates convergent developmental gene expression programs in the cortex and MGE, which utilize both common and region-specific sets of genes to control the proliferative capacity of neural progenitors, ensuring the generation of correct numbers of cortical neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana N Tran
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Peixoto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wengang Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yajun Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manal A Adam
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lauren A English
- Summer Honors Undergraduate Research Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salvador I Brito
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A Booker
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Y Tolstorukov
- Department of Informatics and Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Medved J, Wood WM, van Heyst MD, Sherafat A, Song JY, Sakya S, Wright DL, Nishiyama A. Novel guanidine compounds inhibit platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha transcription and oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation. Glia 2020; 69:792-811. [PMID: 33098183 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2 cells or polydendrocytes, are distributed widely throughout the developing and mature central nervous system. They remain proliferative throughout life and are an important source of myelinating cells in normal and demyelinating brain as well as a source of glioma, the most common type of primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis. OPC proliferation is dependent on signaling mediated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) AA binding to its alpha receptor (PDGFRα). Here, we describe a group of structurally related compounds characterized by the presence of a basic guanidine group appended to an aromatic core that is effective in specifically repressing the transcription of Pdgfra but not the related beta receptor (Pdgfrb) in OPCs. These compounds specifically and dramatically reduced proliferation of OPCs but not that of astrocytes and did not affect signal transduction by PDGFRα. These findings suggest that the compounds could be further developed for potential use in combinatorial treatment strategies for neoplasms with dysregulated PDGFRα function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Medved
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - William M Wood
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael D van Heyst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amin Sherafat
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ju-Young Song
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sagune Sakya
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dennis L Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
The transcription factor Sox10 is an essential determinant of branching morphogenesis and involution in the mouse mammary gland. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17807. [PMID: 33082503 PMCID: PMC7575560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mobility group-domain containing transcription factor Sox10 is an essential regulator of developmental processes and homeostasis in the neural crest, several neural crest-derived lineages and myelinating glia. Recent studies have also implicated Sox10 as an important factor in mammary stem and precursor cells. Here we employ a series of mouse mutants with constitutive and conditional Sox10 deficiencies to show that Sox10 has multiple functions in the developing mammary gland. While there is no indication for a requirement of Sox10 in the specification of the mammary placode or descending mammary bud, it is essential for both the prenatal hormone-independent as well as the pubertal hormone-dependent branching of the mammary epithelium and for proper alveologenesis during pregnancy. It furthermore acts in a dosage-dependent manner. Sox10 also plays a role during the involution process at the end of the lactation period. Whereas its effect on epithelial branching and alveologenesis are likely causally related to its function in mammary stem and precursor cells, this is not the case for its function during involution where Sox10 seems to work at least in part through regulation of the miR-424(322)/503 cluster.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wedel M, Fröb F, Elsesser O, Wittmann MT, Lie DC, Reis A, Wegner M. Transcription factor Tcf4 is the preferred heterodimerization partner for Olig2 in oligodendrocytes and required for differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4839-4857. [PMID: 32266943 PMCID: PMC7229849 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of oligodendrocytes and myelin formation in the vertebrate central nervous system is under control of several basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors such as Olig2, Ascl1, Hes5 and the Id proteins. The class I basic helix-loop-helix proteins Tcf3, Tcf4 and Tcf12 represent potential heterodimerization partners and functional modulators for all, but have not been investigated in oligodendrocytes so far. Using mouse mutants, organotypic slice and primary cell cultures we here show that Tcf4 is required in a cell-autonomous manner for proper terminal differentiation and myelination in vivo and ex vivo. Partial compensation is provided by the paralogous Tcf3, but not Tcf12. On the mechanistic level Tcf4 was identified as the preferred heterodimerization partner of the central regulator of oligodendrocyte development Olig2. Both genetic studies in the mouse as well as functional studies on enhancer regions of myelin genes confirmed the relevance of this physical interaction for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Considering that alterations in TCF4 are associated with syndromic and non-syndromic forms of intellectual disability, schizophrenia and autism in humans, our findings point to the possibility of an oligodendroglial contribution to these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Wedel
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Elsesser
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Humangenetisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Humangenetisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
McCallum S, Obata Y, Fourli E, Boeing S, Peddie CJ, Xu Q, Horswell S, Kelsh RN, Collinson L, Wilkinson D, Pin C, Pachnis V, Heanue TA. Enteric glia as a source of neural progenitors in adult zebrafish. eLife 2020; 9:e56086. [PMID: 32851974 PMCID: PMC7521928 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence and identity of neural progenitors in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of vertebrates is a matter of intense debate. Here, we demonstrate that the non-neuronal ENS cell compartment of teleosts shares molecular and morphological characteristics with mammalian enteric glia but cannot be identified by the expression of canonical glial markers. However, unlike their mammalian counterparts, which are generally quiescent and do not undergo neuronal differentiation during homeostasis, we show that a relatively high proportion of zebrafish enteric glia proliferate under physiological conditions giving rise to progeny that differentiate into enteric neurons. We also provide evidence that, similar to brain neural stem cells, the activation and neuronal differentiation of enteric glia are regulated by Notch signalling. Our experiments reveal remarkable similarities between enteric glia and brain neural stem cells in teleosts and open new possibilities for use of mammalian enteric glia as a potential source of neurons to restore the activity of intestinal neural circuits compromised by injury or disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McCallum
- Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yuuki Obata
- Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Evangelia Fourli
- Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stefan Boeing
- Bionformatics & Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Peddie
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Qiling Xu
- Neural Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Bionformatics & Biostatistics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert N Kelsh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucy Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - David Wilkinson
- Neural Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Carmen Pin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZenecaCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Vassilis Pachnis
- Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tiffany A Heanue
- Development and Homeostasis of the Nervous System Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang X, Ji C, Liu X, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Shen R, Zhou Z. The significance of the neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling pathway and its effect on Sox10 expression in the development of terminally differentiated Schwann cells in vitro. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:171-180. [PMID: 32757877 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1806266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the significance of the neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling pathway and its effect on Sox10 expression in the course of the differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann-like cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted with three groups-control, TAK 165, and HRG-off. In the control group, we used the classical induction method of adding β-ME, RA, FSK, b-FGF, PDGF, and neuregulin (HRG); the cells were collected on the 7th day. Using the same basic protocol as the control group, the specific ErbB2 inhibitor mubritinib (TAK 165) was added to block the neuregulin-1/ErbB pathway in the TAK 165 group, while HRG was not added in the HRG-off group. We detected the degree of differentiation of stem cells into Schwann-like cells by using RT-PCR to examine the expression of Sox10, NRG-1, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4 and by using immunofluorescence staining to examine the Schwann cell marker S100B, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and P75. RESULTS Our results showed that the proliferation of Schwann cells was reduced and apoptosis was increased in the TAK 165 group and the HRG-off group. Sox10 was stably expressed and NRG-1, ErbB2, and ErbB3 increased in the control group. However, the expression of Sox10 in the TAK 165 group was obviously decreased at the end of induced differentiation; meanwhile, the degree of stem cell differentiation also decreased. CONCLUSIONS the neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling pathway plays an important role in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into Schwann-like cells and can promote the maintenance of Sox10 。.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xizhong Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Jimo people's Hospital, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Cuijie Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jimo people's Hospital, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Chaoqun Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Ruowu Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| | - Zangong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, P.R China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
SOX10-regulated promoter use defines isoform-specific gene expression in Schwann cells. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:549. [PMID: 32770939 PMCID: PMC7430845 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multicellular organisms adopt various strategies to tailor gene expression to cellular contexts including the employment of multiple promoters (and the associated transcription start sites (TSSs)) at a single locus that encodes distinct gene isoforms. Schwann cells—the myelinating cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—exhibit a specialized gene expression profile directed by the transcription factor SOX10, which is essential for PNS myelination. SOX10 regulates promoter elements associated with unique TSSs and gene isoforms at several target loci, implicating SOX10-mediated, isoform-specific gene expression in Schwann cell function. Here, we report on genome-wide efforts to identify SOX10-regulated promoters and TSSs in Schwann cells to prioritize genes and isoforms for further study. Results We performed global TSS analyses and mined previously reported ChIP-seq datasets to assess the activity of SOX10-bound promoters in three models: (i) an adult mammalian nerve; (ii) differentiating primary Schwann cells, and (iii) cultured Schwann cells with ablated SOX10 function. We explored specific characteristics of SOX10-dependent TSSs, which provides confidence in defining them as SOX10 targets. Finally, we performed functional studies to validate our findings at four previously unreported SOX10 target loci: ARPC1A, CHN2, DDR1, and GAS7. These findings suggest roles for the associated SOX10-regulated gene products in PNS myelination. Conclusions In sum, we provide comprehensive computational and functional assessments of SOX10-regulated TSS use in Schwann cells. The data presented in this study will stimulate functional studies on the specific mRNA and protein isoforms that SOX10 regulates, which will improve our understanding of myelination in the peripheral nerve.
Collapse
|
39
|
Bagheri H, Friedman H, Siminovitch KA, Peterson AC. Transcriptional regulators of the Golli/myelin basic protein locus integrate additive and stealth activities. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008752. [PMID: 32790717 PMCID: PMC7446974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin is composed of plasma membrane spirally wrapped around axons and compacted into dense sheaths by myelin-associated proteins. Myelin is elaborated by neuroepithelial derived oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and by neural crest derived Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). While some myelin proteins accumulate in only one lineage, myelin basic protein (Mbp) is expressed in both. Overlapping the Mbp gene is Golli, a transcriptional unit that is expressed widely both within and beyond the nervous system. A super-enhancer domain within the Golli/Mbp locus contains multiple enhancers shown previously to drive reporter construct expression specifically in oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells. In order to determine the contribution of each enhancer to the Golli/Mbp expression program, and to reveal if functional interactions occur among them, we derived mouse lines in which they were deleted, either singly or in different combinations, and relative mRNA accumulation was measured at key stages of early development and at maturity. Although super-enhancers have been shown previously to facilitate interaction among their component enhancers, the enhancers investigated here demonstrated largely additive relationships. However, enhancers demonstrating autonomous activity strictly in one lineage, when missing, were found to significantly reduce output in the other, thus revealing cryptic "stealth" activity. Further, in the absence of a key oligodendrocyte enhancer, Golli accumulation was markedly and uniformly attenuated in all cell types investigated. Our observations suggest a model in which enhancer-mediated DNA-looping and potential super-enhancer properties underlie Golli/Mbp regulatory organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Bagheri
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hana Friedman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine A. Siminovitch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum and Toronto General Hospital Research Institutes, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan C. Peterson
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jahangiri L, Tsaprouni L, Trigg RM, Williams JA, Gkoutos GV, Turner SD, Pereira J. Core regulatory circuitries in defining cancer cell identity across the malignant spectrum. Open Biol 2020; 10:200121. [PMID: 32634370 PMCID: PMC7574545 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression programmes driving cell identity are established by tightly regulated transcription factors that auto- and cross-regulate in a feed-forward manner, forming core regulatory circuitries (CRCs). CRC transcription factors create and engage super-enhancers by recruiting acetylation writers depositing permissive H3K27ac chromatin marks. These super-enhancers are largely associated with BET proteins, including BRD4, that influence higher-order chromatin structure. The orchestration of these events triggers accessibility of RNA polymerase machinery and the imposition of lineage-specific gene expression. In cancers, CRCs drive cell identity by superimposing developmental programmes on a background of genetic alterations. Further, the establishment and maintenance of oncogenic states are reliant on CRCs that drive factors involved in tumour development. Hence, the molecular dissection of CRC components driving cell identity and cancer state can contribute to elucidating mechanisms of diversion from pre-determined developmental programmes and highlight cancer dependencies. These insights can provide valuable opportunities for identifying and re-purposing drug targets. In this article, we review the current understanding of CRCs across solid and liquid malignancies and avenues of investigation for drug development efforts. We also review techniques used to understand CRCs and elaborate the indication of discussed CRC transcription factors in the wider context of cancer CRC models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Loukia Tsaprouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ricky M Trigg
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - John A Williams
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC Health Data Research, UK.,NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joao Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Duband JL, Nekooie-Marnany N, Dufour S. Establishing Primary Cultures of Trunk Neural Crest Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 88:e109. [PMID: 32609435 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells constitute a unique population of progenitor cells with extensive stem cell capacities able to navigate throughout various environments in the embryo and are a source of multiple cell types, including neurons, glia, melanocytes, smooth muscles, endocrine cells, cardiac cells, and also skeletal and supportive tissues in the head. Neural crest cells are not restricted to the embryo but persist as well in adult tissues where they provide a reservoir of stem cells with great therapeutic promise. Many fundamental questions in cell, developmental, and stem cell biology can be addressed using this system. During the last decades there has been an increased availability of elaborated techniques, animal models, and molecular tools to tackle neural crest cell development. However, these approaches are often very challenging and difficult to establish and they are not adapted for rapid functional investigations of mechanisms driving cell migration and differentiation. In addition, they are not adequate for collecting pure populations of neural crest cells usable in large scale analyses and for stem cell studies. Transferring and adapting the neural crest system in tissue culture may then represent an attractive alternative, opening up numerous prospects. Here we describe a simple method for establishing primary cultures of neural crest cells derived from trunk neural tubes using the avian embryo as a source of cells. This protocol is suited for producing pure populations of neural crest cells that can be processed for cytological, cellular, and functional approaches aimed at characterizing their phenotype, behavior, and potential. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Primary cultures of avian trunk neural crest cells Support Protocol: Adaptations for immunofluorescence labeling and videomicroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Duband
- Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Nioosha Nekooie-Marnany
- Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Institut Mondor de Recherches Biomédicales, INSERM U955, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang CL, Serra-Roma A, Gualandi M, Bodmer N, Niggli F, Schulte JH, Bode PK, Shakhova O. Lineage-restricted sympathoadrenal progenitors confer neuroblastoma origin and its tumorigenicity. Oncotarget 2020; 11:2357-2371. [PMID: 32595833 PMCID: PMC7299536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common cancer in infants and it accounts for six percent of all pediatric malignancies. There are several hypotheses proposed on the origins of NB. While there is little genetic evidence to support this, the prevailing model is that NB originates from neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). Utilizing in vivo mouse models, we demonstrate that targeting MYCN oncogene to NCSCs causes perinatal lethality. During sympathoadrenal (SA) lineage development, SOX transcriptional factors drive the transition from NCSCs to lineage-specific progenitors, characterized by the sequential activation of Sox9/Sox10/Sox4/Sox11 genes. We find the NCSCs factor SOX10 is not expressed in neuroblasts, but rather restricted to the Schwannian stroma and is associated with a good prognosis. On the other hand, SOX9 expression in NB cells was associated with several key biological processes including migration, invasion and differentiation. Moreover, manipulating SOX9 gene predominantly affects lineage-restricted SA progenitors. Our findings highlight a unique molecular SOX signature associated with NB that is highly reminiscent of SA progenitor transcriptional program during embryonic development, providing novel insights into NB pathobiology. In summary, we provide multiple lines of evidence suggesting that multipotent NCSCs do not contribute to NB initiation and maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - André Serra-Roma
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gualandi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bodmer
- Department of Oncology, Children Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Niggli
- Department of Oncology, Children Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Karl Bode
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olga Shakhova
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
An Algorithmic Immunohistochemical Approach to Define Tumor Type and Assign Site of Origin. Adv Anat Pathol 2020; 27:114-163. [PMID: 32205473 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry represents an indispensable complement to an epidemiology and morphology-driven approach to tumor diagnosis and site of origin assignment. This review reflects the state of my current practice, based on 15-years' experience in Pathology and a deep-dive into the literature, always striving to be better equipped to answer the age old questions, "What is it, and where is it from?" The tables and figures in this manuscript are the ones I "pull up on the computer" when I am teaching at the microscope and turn to myself when I am (frequently) stuck. This field is so exciting because I firmly believe that, through the application of next-generation immunohistochemistry, we can provide better answers than ever before. Specific topics covered in this review include (1) broad tumor classification and associated screening markers; (2) the role of cancer epidemiology in determining pretest probability; (3) broad-spectrum epithelial markers; (4) noncanonical expression of broad tumor class screening markers; (5) a morphologic pattern-based approach to poorly to undifferentiated malignant neoplasms; (6) a morphologic and immunohistochemical approach to define 4 main carcinoma types; (7) CK7/CK20 coordinate expression; (8) added value of semiquantitative immunohistochemical stain assessment; algorithmic immunohistochemical approaches to (9) "garden variety" adenocarcinomas presenting in the liver, (10) large polygonal cell adenocarcinomas, (11) the distinction of primary surface ovarian epithelial tumors with mucinous features from metastasis, (12) tumors presenting at alternative anatomic sites, (13) squamous cell carcinoma versus urothelial carcinoma, and neuroendocrine neoplasms, including (14) the distinction of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma from well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, site of origin assignment in (15) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor and (16) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, and (17) the distinction of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor G3 from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma; it concludes with (18) a discussion of diagnostic considerations in the broad-spectrum keratin/CD45/S-100-"triple-negative" neoplasm.
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen S, Li H, Li X, Chen W, Zhang X, Yang Z, Chen Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Shi D, Song M. High SOX8 expression promotes tumor growth and predicts poor prognosis through GOLPH3 signaling in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:4274-4289. [PMID: 32307911 PMCID: PMC7300415 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to our previous study, GOLPH3 is markedly up-expressed in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), which is also associated with poor survival. However, it remains unclear about key upstream and downstream mechanisms of GOLPH3. This study aimed to illuminate new mechanisms modulating GOLPH3 upregulation and promoting TSCC development at the molecular level. Using mass spectrometry and agarose-streptavidin-biotin pull-down analyses, SOX8 (SRY-Box 8) was identified to be the new protein to bind the GOLPH3 promoter within TSCC cells, which was further verified to be the regulator of GOLPH3 upregulation. The knockdown of SOX8 suppressed the promoter activity of GOLPH3, while secondarily inhibiting TSCC cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, GOLPH3 overexpression rescued the SOX8 knockdown-mediated suppression on TSCC proliferation. Additionally, exogenous over-expression of SOX8 also activated the activity of promoter as well as GOLPH3 expression, in the meantime of promoting TSCC development. Moreover it was discovered that SOX8 regulated GOLPH3 expression through interacting with TFAP2A. Moreover our results suggested that the SOX8 level was increased within tumor tissue compared with that in para-cancer normal counterpart, which showed positive correlation with the GOLPH3 level. According to Kaplan-Meier analyses, TSCC cases having higher SOX8 and GOLPH3 expression were associated with poorer prognostic outcomes. Taken together, this study reveals that SOX8 enhances the TSCC cell growth via the direct transcriptional activation of GOLPH3, which also indicates the potential to use SOX8/GOLPH3 pathway as the treatment target among TSCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyuan Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Aprato J, Sock E, Weider M, Elsesser O, Fröb F, Wegner M. Myrf guides target gene selection of transcription factor Sox10 during oligodendroglial development. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:1254-1270. [PMID: 31828317 PMCID: PMC7026603 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes generate myelin in the vertebrate central nervous system and thus ensure rapid propagation of neuronal activity. Their development is controlled by a network of transcription factors that function as determinants of cell identity or as temporally restricted stage-specific regulators. The continuously expressed Sox10 and Myrf, a factor induced during late development, are particularly important for terminal differentiation. How these factors function together mechanistically and influence each other, is not well understood. Here we show that Myrf not only cooperates with Sox10 during the induction of genes required for differentiation and myelin formation. Myrf also inhibits the activity of Sox10 on genes that are essential during earlier phases of oligodendroglial development. By characterization of the exact DNA-binding requirements of Myrf, we furthermore show that cooperative activation is a consequence of joint binding of Sox10 and Myrf to the same regulatory regions. In contrast, inhibition of Sox10-dependent gene activation occurs on genes that lack Myrf binding sites and likely involves physical interaction between Myrf and Sox10 followed by sequestration. These two opposite activities allow Myrf to redirect Sox10 from genes that it activates in oligodendrocyte precursor cells to genes that need to be induced during terminal differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aprato
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Elsesser
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 9131 85 24620;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wittstatt J, Weider M, Wegner M, Reiprich S. MicroRNA miR‐204 regulates proliferation and differentiation of oligodendroglia in culture. Glia 2020; 68:2015-2027. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wittstatt
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil‐Fischer‐ZentrumFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Matthias Weider
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil‐Fischer‐ZentrumFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil‐Fischer‐ZentrumFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Simone Reiprich
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil‐Fischer‐ZentrumFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Duman M, Martinez-Moreno M, Jacob C, Tapinos N. Functions of histone modifications and histone modifiers in Schwann cells. Glia 2020; 68:1584-1595. [PMID: 32034929 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are the main glial cells present in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Their primary functions are to insulate peripheral axons to protect them from the environment and to enable fast conduction of electric signals along big caliber axons by enwrapping them in a thick myelin sheath rich in lipids. In addition, SCs have the peculiar ability to foster axonal regrowth after a lesion by demyelinating and converting into repair cells that secrete neurotrophic factors and guide axons back to their former target to finally remyelinate regenerated axons. The different steps of SC development and their role in the maintenance of PNS integrity and regeneration after lesion are controlled by various factors among which transcription factors and chromatin-remodeling enzymes hold major functions. In this review, we discussed how histone modifications and histone-modifying enzymes control SC development, maintenance of PNS integrity and response to injury. The functions of histone modifiers as part of chromatin-remodeling complexes are discussed in another review published in the same issue of Glia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mert Duman
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Margot Martinez-Moreno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Molecular Neuroscience & Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Claire Jacob
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikos Tapinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Molecular Neuroscience & Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Haseeb A, Lefebvre V. The SOXE transcription factors-SOX8, SOX9 and SOX10-share a bi-partite transactivation mechanism. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:6917-6931. [PMID: 31194875 PMCID: PMC6649842 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SOX8, SOX9 and SOX10 compose the SOXE transcription factor group. They govern cell fate and differentiation in many lineages, and mutations impairing their activity cause severe diseases, including campomelic dysplasia (SOX9), sex determination disorders (SOX8 and SOX9) and Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (SOX10). However, incomplete knowledge of their modes of action limits disease understanding. We here uncover that the proteins share a bipartite transactivation mechanism, whereby a transactivation domain in the middle of the proteins (TAM) synergizes with a C-terminal one (TAC). TAM comprises amphipathic α-helices predicted to form a protein-binding pocket and overlapping with minimal transactivation motifs (9-aa-TAD) described in many transcription factors. One 9-aa-TAD sequence includes an evolutionarily conserved and functionally required EΦ[D/E]QYΦ motif. SOXF proteins (SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18) contain an identical motif, suggesting evolution from a common ancestor already harboring this motif, whereas TAC and other transactivating SOX proteins feature only remotely related motifs. Missense variants in this SOXE/SOXF-specific motif are rare in control individuals, but have been detected in cancers, supporting its importance in development and physiology. By deepening understanding of mechanisms underlying the central transactivation function of SOXE proteins, these findings should help further decipher molecular networks essential for development and health and dysregulated in diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gryder BE, Pomella S, Sayers C, Wu XS, Song Y, Chiarella AM, Bagchi S, Chou HC, Sinniah RS, Walton A, Wen X, Rota R, Hathaway NA, Zhao K, Chen J, Vakoc CR, Shern JF, Stanton BZ, Khan J. Histone hyperacetylation disrupts core gene regulatory architecture in rhabdomyosarcoma. Nat Genet 2019; 51:1714-1722. [PMID: 31784732 PMCID: PMC6886578 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Core regulatory transcription factors (CR TFs) orchestrate the placement of super-enhancers (SEs) to activate transcription of cell-identity specifying gene networks, and are critical in promoting cancer. Here, we define the core regulatory circuitry of rhabdomyosarcoma and identify critical CR TF dependencies. These CR TFs build SEs that have the highest levels of histone acetylation, yet paradoxically the same SEs also harbor the greatest amounts of histone deacetylases. We find that hyperacetylation selectively halts CR TF transcription. To investigate the architectural determinants of this phenotype, we used absolute quantification of architecture (AQuA) HiChIP, which revealed erosion of native SE contacts, and aberrant spreading of contacts that involved histone acetylation. Hyperacetylation removes RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) from core regulatory genetic elements, and eliminates RNA Pol II but not BRD4 phase condensates. This study identifies an SE-specific requirement for balancing histone modification states to maintain SE architecture and CR TF transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Oncohematology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Research Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carly Sayers
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoli S Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
- Genetics Program, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Young Song
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna M Chiarella
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sukriti Bagchi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Xinyu Wen
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù Research Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nathaniel A Hathaway
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiji Chen
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, NIBIB, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jack F Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Z Stanton
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The Research Institute at Nationwide, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mehrotra P, Tseropoulos G, Bronner ME, Andreadis ST. Adult tissue-derived neural crest-like stem cells: Sources, regulatory networks, and translational potential. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:328-341. [PMID: 31738018 PMCID: PMC7031649 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural crest (NC) cells are a multipotent stem cell population that give rise to a diverse array of cell types in the body, including peripheral neurons, Schwann cells (SC), craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle cells, and melanocytes. NC formation and differentiation into specific lineages takes place in response to a set of highly regulated signaling and transcriptional events within the neural plate border. Premigratory NC cells initially are contained within the dorsal neural tube from which they subsequently emigrate, migrating to often distant sites in the periphery. Following their migration and differentiation, some NC‐like cells persist in adult tissues in a nascent multipotent state, making them potential candidates for autologous cell therapy. This review discusses the gene regulatory network responsible for NC development and maintenance of multipotency. We summarize the genes and signaling pathways that have been implicated in the differentiation of a postmigratory NC into mature myelinating SC. We elaborate on the signals and transcription factors involved in the acquisition of immature SC fate, axonal sorting of unmyelinated neuronal axons, and finally the path toward mature myelinating SC, which envelope axons within myelin sheaths, facilitating electrical signal propagation. The gene regulatory events guiding development of SC in vivo provides insights into means for differentiating NC‐like cells from adult human tissues into functional SC, which have the potential to provide autologous cell sources for the treatment of demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pihu Mehrotra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Georgios Tseropoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|