1
|
V N D, Chandran A, Sen S, Chattopadhyaya M. Density functional theory-based modeling of the half-metallic g-C 3N 4/CoN 4 heterojunction for photocatalytic water splitting reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:21117-21133. [PMID: 39058365 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT), we have investigated the structural, optical, electronic and magnetic properties of a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and CoN4 composite to explore the effect of the heterojunction on the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4. The structure of g-C3N4 is modified while complexing with CoN4 and the corresponding stabilization is confirmed through adhesion energy calculation. The phonon spectra analysis furthermore guaranteed the lattice-dynamic stability of the CoN4 bulk and the CoN4 slab. Pristine g-C3N4 is a wide band gap semiconductor, which becomes half metallic upon CoN4 inclusion. The metallicity in the g-C3N4/CoN4 composite originates from the spin down channel, keeping the spin up channel in a semiconducting state. The charge density analysis and work function calculation suggest a substantial amount of charge transfer from g-C3N4 to the CoN4 unit in the g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunction. The model heterojunction of the g-C3N4/CoN4 composite can enhance the utilization ratio of visible light for the g-C3N4 photocatalyst. In g-C3N4/CoN4, the valence band maximum (VBM) has a more positive potential compared to O2/H2O (+1.23 V) on the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) scale. However, the conduction band minimum (CBM) displays a more negative potential compared to H+/H2 (0 V) on the NHE scale. The details of the band structure, density of states and band edge position determining calculations confirm that the g-C3N4/CoN4 composite forms a type 1 heterojunction, making it a suitable photocatalyst for water splitting reaction. The practical application of the g-C3N4/CoN4 heterostructure as a photocatalyst was substantiated in the presence of polar solvent (water) by calculating the band gap, charge transfer interaction and charge density difference. There is a significant decrease of charge transfer and thereby charge density difference in the g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunction in the presence of water; however, it still holds potential for use as a photocatalyst for water splitting reaction. The state-of-the-art theoretical modeling of the g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunction is the first theoretical study incorporating the CoN4 crystal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhilshada V N
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut Mukkam Road, Kattangal, Kerala 673601, India.
| | - Aiswarya Chandran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut Mukkam Road, Kattangal, Kerala 673601, India.
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Department of Physics, Shyampur Siddheswari Mahavidyalaya, Ajodhya, Shyampur, Howrah, Pin-711312& JIS College of Engineering Block A, Phase-III, Kalyani, Nadia, Pin-741235, India
| | - Mausumi Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut Mukkam Road, Kattangal, Kerala 673601, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou M, Zhang C, He C, Li J, Ouyang T, Tang C, Zhong J. Novel BiOI/LaOXI〈IX〉 heterojunction with enhanced visible-light driven photocatalytic performance: unveiling the mechanism of interlayer electron transition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19450-19459. [PMID: 38973666 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Improving visible light absorption plays an important role in the utilization of solar power for photocatalysis. Using first-principles calculations within the HSE06 functional, we propose that the semiconductor heterojunction BiOI/LaOXI〈IX〉 extends the optical absorption to the near-infrared range, boosts the absorption coefficient from 1.28 × 105 cm-1 to above 2.20 × 105 cm-1 in the visible light range, and increases the conversion efficiency of solar power up to 9.48%. The enhanced optical absorption derives from the significant interlayer transition and excitonic effect which benefit from polarized LaOXI with a flat band in the highest valence band (VB). In BiOI/LaOClI〈ICl 〉, the electrostatic potential difference (ΔΦ) modifies the band edge positions to meet the requirements for photocatalytic overall water splitting, while the polarized electric field (Ep) accelerates the separation of photogenerated carriers and regulates the overpotentials of photogenerated carriers following a direct Z-scheme strategy. In addition, BiOI/LaOXI〈IX〉 is dynamically and thermodynamically stable. Furthermore, only a low external potential is needed to drive the redox reaction. Our theoretical results suggest that BiOI/LaOXI〈IX〉 could be a potential photocatalyst for overall water splitting with enhanced visible light absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China.
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyu He
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Ouyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
V N D, Sen S, Chattopadhyaya M. Comparative study of the photocatalytic activity of g-C 3N 4/MN 4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) for water splitting reaction: A theoretical study. J Comput Chem 2024. [PMID: 38970347 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, nanocomposites of g-C3N4/MN4 (where M is Mn, Fe and Co) have been designed using advanced density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the geometry, electronic, optical properties, work function, charge transfer interaction and adhesion energy of the g-C3N4/MN4 heterostructures and concluded that g-C3N4/FeN4 and g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunctions exhibit higher photocatalytic performance than individual units. The better photocatalytic activity can be attributed mainly by two facts; (i) the visible light absorption of both g-C3N4/FeN4 and g-C3N4/CoN4 interfaces are higher compared to its isolated analogs and (ii) a significant enhancement of band gap energy in g-C3N4/FeN4 and g-C3N4/CoN4 heterostructures limited the electron-hole recombination significantly. The potential of the g-C3N4/MN4 heterojunctions as a photocatalyst for the water splitting reaction was assessed by examining its band alignment for water splitting reaction. Importantly, while the electronic and magnetic properties of MN4 systems were studied, this is the first example of inclusion of MN4 on graphene-based material (g-C3N4) for studying the photocatalytic activity. The state of the art DFT calculations emphasis that g-C3N4/FeN4 and g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunctions are half metallic photocatalysts, which is limited till date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhilshada V N
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Department of Physics, Shyampur Siddheswari Mahavidyalaya, Nadia, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Escareño-Torres GA, Pinedo-Escobar JA, De Haro-Del Río DA, Becerra-Castañeda P, Araiza DG, Inchaurregui-Méndez H, Carrillo-Martínez CJ, González-Rodríguez LM. Enhanced degradation of ciprofloxacin in water using ternary photocatalysts TiO 2/SnO 2/g-C 3N 4 under UV, visible, and solar light. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40174-40189. [PMID: 37597150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the synthesis of ternary photocatalysts comprising TiO2/SnO2/g-C3N4 for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method, while g-C3N4 was obtained through melamine calcination. Commercial TiO2 and SnO2 nanopowders were also used. The heterojunctions were synthesized via the wet impregnation method. The photocatalysts were characterized via various techniques, including XRD, TEM, STEM, FTIR, N2 adsorption, UV-Vis DR, and hole tests. Photocatalytic degradation tests of CIP were carried out under UV, visible, and solar radiation. The P25/npA/g-C3N4 (90/10) material exhibited the best performance, achieving CIP degradation of over 97%. The synthesized materials demonstrated excellent initial adsorption of CIP, around 30%, which facilitated subsequent degradation. Notably, the CIP photocatalytic degradation tests performed under solar radiation showed a synergistic effect between the base materials and carbon nitride in highly energetic environments. These results highlight the effectiveness of ternary photocatalysts TiO2/SnO2/g-C3N4 for CIP degradation, particularly under solar radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Alejandro Escareño-Torres
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Circuito Cerro del Gato No. 202, Col. Cd Administrativa, 98160, Zacatecas, Zac., C.P, Mexico
| | - José Alfonso Pinedo-Escobar
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Siglo XXI Edificio 6, Carr. a Gdl Km 6.0, Ejido La Escondida, 98160, Zacatecas, Zac., C.P, Mexico
| | - David Alejandro De Haro-Del Río
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Pedro de Alba S/N., 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Patricia Becerra-Castañeda
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Siglo XXI Edificio 6, Carr. a Gdl Km 6.0, Ejido La Escondida, 98160, Zacatecas, Zac., C.P, Mexico
| | - Daniel G Araiza
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas Y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P, Mexico
| | - Horacio Inchaurregui-Méndez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Circuito Cerro del Gato No. 202, Col. Cd Administrativa, 98160, Zacatecas, Zac., C.P, Mexico
| | - Cristina Jared Carrillo-Martínez
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Campus Siglo XXI Edificio 6, Carr. a Gdl Km 6.0, Ejido La Escondida, 98160, Zacatecas, Zac., C.P, Mexico
| | - Luis Mario González-Rodríguez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Zacatecas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Circuito Cerro del Gato No. 202, Col. Cd Administrativa, 98160, Zacatecas, Zac., C.P, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han Y, Li T, Zhang Q, Guo X, Jiao T. Influence of an External Electric Field on Electronic and Optical Properties of a g-C 3N 4/TiO 2 Heterostructure: A First-Principles Perspective. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16035-16047. [PMID: 37910596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were utilized to examine how electrostatic fields affect the electrical and optical characteristics of g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructures. The binding energy, density of states, difference in charge density, and optical absorption spectra of the heterostructure were calculated and analyzed to reveal the mechanism of the influence of the external electric field (EF) on the properties of the heterostructure. The results show that the binding energy of the heterogeneous structure is reduced due to the imposed electric field in X- and Y-directions, and the optical absorption spectrum is slightly enhanced, but the BG and charge transfer number are basically unchanged. On the contrary, applying the electric field in the Z-direction increases the binding energy of the heterogeneous structure, decreases the BG, increases the number of charge transfers, and red shifts the optical absorption spectrum, which improves the photocatalytic ability of the g-C3N4/TiO2 heterostructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P. R. China
| | - Qingrui Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P. R. China
| | - Tifeng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kasirajan P, Karunamoorthy S, Velluchamy M, Subramaniam K, Park CM, Sundaram GB. Fabrication of copper molybdate nanoflower combined polymeric graphitic carbon nitride heterojunction for water depollution: Synergistic photocatalytic performance and mechanism insight. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116428. [PMID: 37352950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In the scope, developed a novel copper molybdate decorated polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (CuMoO4@g-C3N4 or CMC) heterojunction nanocomposite in an easy solvothermal environment for the first time. The synthesized CMC improved the photocatalytic degradation of an antibiotic drug [ciprofloxacin (CIP)] and organic dye [Rhodamine B (RhB)]. Consequently, the CMC demonstrates a marvelous crystalline nature with ∼26 nm size, as obtained from XRD analysis. Besides, the surface morphology studies confirm the large-scale construction of flower-like CMC with a typical size of 10-15 nm. The CMC showed efficient catalytic activity for both the pollutants, achieving the degradation of 98% for RhB and 97% for CIP in 35 and 60 min, respectively. The reaction parameters including the concentration of pollutants, catalyst dosages, and scavengers are optimized for the best photocatalytic results. Notably, the trapping tests showed that the •OH and O2•- radicals are the primary oxidative species liable for the photocatalytic process. The recyclability test of the photocatalyst infers that the photocatalyst is highly stable up to the fifth recycle. Our work affords an efficient and ideal path to constructing the new g-C3N4-based architected photocatalyst for toxic wastewater treatment in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kasirajan
- Department of Chemistry, PSR Engineering College, Sivakasi, 626140, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanakumar Karunamoorthy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthuraj Velluchamy
- Department of Chemistry, V.H.N.S.N College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, 626001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kalidass Subramaniam
- Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Thirunelveli, 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Babu Sundaram
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eskandari P, Amarloo E, Zangeneh H, Rezakazemi M, Aminabhavi TM. Photocatalytic degradation of metronidazole and oxytetracycline by novel l-Arginine (C, N codoped)-TiO 2/g-C 3N 4: RSM optimization, photodegradation mechanism, biodegradability evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139282. [PMID: 37348615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Removal of Metronidazole (MNZ) and Oxytetracycline (OTC) from wastewater by the prepared (C, N codoped)-TiO2/g-C3N4 (Graphitic carbon nitride) was examined. l-Arginine (C, N codoped)-TiO2 and l-Arginine (C, N codoped)-TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were successfully synthesized through the sol-gel method, and optimal ratio of l-arginine:TiO2, as well as l-arginine/TiO2:g-C3N4, was determined by a kinetic study of photodegradation process. The maximum photocatalytic removal rate (0.065 min-1 for MNZ removal) was observed using 1% l-Arginine-TiO2/g-C3N4 (1:1) under visible light illumination, 2.2 and 6.5 times greater than those of 1% l-Arginine-TiO2 and pure TiO2, respectively. l-Arginine (1%)-TiO2/g-C3N4 (1:1) (co-doped-TCN) was investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Photo-luminescence (PL), and Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) as the best-performing photocatalyst. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of co-doped-TCN dosage (0.5-1.0 g/L), pH of simulated wastewater (4-10), initial concentration of MNZ and OTC (50-100 mg/L), and irradiation time (30-90 min for MNZ and 20-40 min for OTC) on removal efficiency of the antibiotics. Also, their optimum values were determined by RSM. The treated pharmaceutical wastewater showed high biodegradability features with 5-day biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD) of 0.51 and 0.46 after 40 and 100 min reaction for OTC and MNZ, respectively. The order of reactive species responsible for the photodegradation of pollutants was •O2─> •OH > h+>1O2. The effect of inorganic anions showed that all anions decreased the removal efficiency of both antibiotics in order of NO3─> Cl─ >SO42─>HPO42─ >HCO3─ for MNZ and NO3─> SO42─ > Cl─ >HPO42─ >HCO3─ for OTC. Also, introducing different oxidants improved the photocatalytic removal efficiency with the order of H2O2>K2S2O8> KBrO3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Eskandari
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ehsan Amarloo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, 11155, Iran
| | - Hadis Zangeneh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, Karnataka, 580 031, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cheng X, Cheng Z, Jing B, Ao Z, Shang C, Ling L. Visible light-driven NH 2Cl activation by g-C 3N 4 photocatalysis producing reactive nitrogen species to degrade bisphenol A. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119889. [PMID: 36966682 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of monochloramine (NH2Cl), a widely used disinfectant, under UVC irradiation produces different radicals for the micropollutant degradation. For the first time, this study demonstrates the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) via the NH2Cl activation by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysis using visible light-LEDs at 420 nm, termed as the Vis420/g-C3N4/NH2Cl process. The process produces •NH2, •NH2OO, •NO and •NO2 via the eCB-- and O2•--induced activation pathways and •NHCl and NHClOO• via the hVB+-induced activation pathway. The produced reactive nitrogen species (RNS) enhanced 100% of the BPA degradation compared with the Vis420/g-C3N4. Density functional theory calculations confirmed the proposed NH2Cl activation pathways and further demonstrated that eCB-/O2•- and hVB+ induced the cleavage of N-Cl and N-H bonds in NH2Cl, respectively. The process converted 73.5% of the decomposed NH2Cl to nitrogen-containing gas, compared with that of approximately 20% in the UVC/NH2Cl process, leaving much less ammonia, nitrite and nitrate in water. Among different operating conditions and water matrices tested, of particular significance is natural organic matter of 5 mgDOC/L only reduced 13.1% of the BPA degradation compared against that of at least 46% reduction in the UVC/NH2Cl process. Only 0.017-0.161 µg/L of disinfection byproducts were produced, two orders of magnitudes lower than that in the UVC/chlorine and UVC/NH2Cl processes. The combined use of visible light-LEDs, g-C3N4 and NH2Cl significantly improves the micropollutant degradation and reduces the energy consumption and byproduct formation of the NH2Cl-based AOP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 000, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Clean Technology of Leather Manufacture, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 000, China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Binghua Jing
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 000, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Advanced interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 000, China; Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 000, China.
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 000, China; Advanced interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goren AY, Recepoglu YK, Vatanpour V, Yoon Y, Khataee A. Insights into engineered graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots for hazardous contaminants degradation in wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115408. [PMID: 36740151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Increased environmental pollution is a critical issue that must be addressed. Photocatalytic, adsorption, and membrane filtration methods are suitable in environmental governance because of their high selectivity, low cost, environment-friendly nature, and excellent treatment efficiency. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) quantum dots (QDs) have been considered as photocatalysts, adsorbents, and membrane materials for wastewater treatments, owing to their stability, adsorption capacity, photochemical properties, and low toxicity and cost. This review summarizes g-C3N4 QD synthesis techniques, operating parameters affecting the removal performance in the treatment process, modification effects with other semiconductors, and benefits and drawbacks of g-C3N4 QD-based materials. Furthermore, this review discusses the practical applications of g-C3N4 QDs as adsorbents, photocatalysts, and membrane materials for organic and inorganic contaminant treatments and their value-added product formation potential. Modified g-C3N4 QD-based material adsorbents, photocatalysts, and membranes present potentially applicable effects, such as removal of most waterborne contaminants. Excellent results were obtained for the reduction of methyl orange, bisphenol A, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, phenol, rhodamine B, E. coli, and Hg. Overall, this paper provides comprehensive background on g-C3N4 QD-based materials and their diverse applications in wastewater treatment, and it presents a foundation for the enhancement of similar unique materials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Yagmur Goren
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yasar K Recepoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Vahid Vatanpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, 15719-14911, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeojoon Yoon
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, 1, Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, 26493, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Glažar D, Jerman I, Tomšič B, Chouhan RS, Simončič B. Emerging and Promising Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Textile Application Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride Heterostructure Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:408. [PMID: 36770371 PMCID: PMC9920882 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites constructed with heterostructures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), silver (Ag), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for various environmental, energy, and clinical applications. In the field of textiles, Ag and TiO2 are already recognized as essential nanomaterials for the chemical surface and bulk modification of various textile materials, but the application of composites with g-C3N4 as a green and visible-light-active photocatalyst has not yet been fully established. This review provides an overview of the construction of Ag/g-C3N4, TiO2/g-C3N4, and Ag/TiO2/g-C3N4 heterostructures; the mechanisms of their photocatalytic activity; and the application of photocatalytic textile platforms in the photochemical activation of organic synthesis, energy generation, and the removal of various organic pollutants from water. Future prospects for the functionalization of textiles using g-C3N4-containing heterostructures with Ag and TiO2 are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Glažar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Jerman
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brigita Tomšič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Raghuraj Singh Chouhan
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova Cesta 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Simončič
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva Cesta 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang S, Li Q, Ge K, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Pan M, Zhu L. Ferroelectric nano-heterojunctions for piezoelectricity-enhanced photocatalysis. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
12
|
Solvothermal Synthesis of g-C3N4/TiO2 Hybrid Photocatalyst with a Broaden Activation Spectrum. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A solvothermal self-made composite of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and commercially available titanium dioxide (TiO2) demonstrated the removal of commercial acid green-25 (AG-25) textile dye in a saline water matrix when activated by ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. The g-C3N4-TiO2 composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen sorption–desorption recording and modeling by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and electron spin resonance (ESR). The solvothermal process did not modify the crystalline structure of the g-C3N4 and TiO2 but enhanced the surface area by interlayer delamination of g-C3N4. Under a simulated solar spectrum (including UVA/B and vis wavelengths), the degradation rate of AG-25 by the composite was two and four times higher than that of TiO2 and pure g-C3N4, respectively (0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 min−1). Unlike TiO2, the g-C3N4-TiO2 composite was activated with visible light (the UV portion of the solar spectrum was filtered out). This work provides insight into the contribution of various reactive oxidative species (ROS) to the degradation of AG-25 by the composite.
Collapse
|
13
|
Engelhardt TB, Schmitz‐Stöwe S, Schwarz T, Stöwe K. Investigation of Photocatalyst Composites for Pollutant Degradation in a Microslit Reactor Utilizing High Throughput Screening Techniques. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200180. [PMID: 36385481 PMCID: PMC9668610 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-throughput screening investigations on TiO2 based photocatalyst composites presented here have been carried out in a 60-fold parallel photoreactor. Additional catalyst testing was performed in a microslit reactor system with immobilized catalysts. For further enhancing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 (P25), composites of P25 and, for example, Bi2 O3 , CeO2 , g-C3 N4 , WO3 or ZnO were formulated in different nominal molar ratios. The catalysts' performances were assessed by their conversion of 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in aqueous solutions, determined by LC-MS. Findings show rapid EE2 conversions in short residence times. The extensive testing of catalysts led to the conclusion that the photocatalytic conversion is rather a function of residence time than a function of the materials utilized. This makes adequate process development seem more important than material development. The novelty of this contribution lies in the unique combination of testing a wide range of composite catalysts in a unique microreactor geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony B. Engelhardt
- Institute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Technology ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Sabine Schmitz‐Stöwe
- Institute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Technology ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Institute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Technology ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| | - Klaus Stöwe
- Institute of ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Technology ChemnitzStraße der Nationen 6209111ChemnitzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pourmadadi M, Rahmani E, Eshaghi MM, Shamsabadipour A, Ghotekar S, Rahdar A, Romanholo Ferreira LF. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a new carrier for drug delivery applications: A review. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Zhu J, Liu Z, Wang H, Jian Y, Long D, Pu S. Preparation of a Z-Type g-C 3N 4/(A-R)TiO 2 Composite Catalyst and Its Mechanism for Degradation of Gaseous and Liquid Ammonia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13131. [PMID: 36361920 PMCID: PMC9657263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, an (A-R)TiO2 catalyst (ART) was prepared via the sol-gel method, and g-C3N4 (CN) was used as an amendment to prepare the g-C3N4/(A-R)TiO2 composite catalyst (ARTCN). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption curves (BET), UV-Vis diffuse absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and fluorescence spectroscopy (PL) were used to evaluate the structure, morphology, specific surface area, optical properties, and photocarrier separation ability of the catalysts. The results showed that when the modifier CN content was 0.5 g, the dispersion of the ARTCN composite catalyst was better, with stronger light absorption performance, and the forbidden band width was smaller. Moreover, the photogenerated electrons in the conduction band of ART transferred to the valence band of CN and combined with the holes in the valence band of CN, forming Z-type heterostructures that significantly improved the efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole migration and separation, thus increasing the reaction rate. Gaseous and liquid ammonia were used as the target pollutants to investigate the activity of the prepared catalysts, and the results showed that the air wetness and initial concentration of ammonia had a great influence on the degradation of gaseous ammonia. When the initial concentration of ammonia was 50 mg/m3 and the flow rate of the moist air was 0.9 mL/min, the degradation rate of gaseous ammonia by ARTCN-0.5 reached 88.86%, and it had good repeatability. When the catalytic dose was 50 mg and the initial concentration of NH4+ was 100 mg/L, the degradation rate of liquid ammonia by ARTCN-0.5 was 71.60% after 3 h of reaction, and small amounts of NO3- and NO2- were generated. The superoxide anion radical (·O2-) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) were the main active components in the photocatalytic reaction process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Dingbiao Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Shihua Pu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Facile Construction of Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Norfloxacin. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate antibiotic residues in the water environment, Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 (BSCN) heterojunction was fabricated by a facile ultrasound-assisted hydrothermal method. The microstructure, morphology, and optical properties of Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 heterojunction was studied by XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis DRS, and PL. The degradation rate of 20 mg/L norfloxacin (NOR) under visible light for 3 h was adopted as one of the indexes to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 heterojunction. Embellished with 20% Bi2Sn2O7 (BSO), the Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 heterojunction decomposed 94% NOR in the experimental solution, which was 2.35 and 3.03 times as much as pristine g-C3N4 and bare Bi2Sn2O7, respectively. In addition, the Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 heterojunction still eliminated 89% of NOR after five cycles, portending outstanding stability and cyclability of photocatalytic activity. A possible photocatalytic mechanism of Bi2Sn2O7/g-C3N4 heterojunction for NOR degradation is proposed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Enhanced Photoelectrocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Nanowire Arrays via Copolymerized G-C3N4 Hybridization. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation is an advanced technology that combines photocatalytic oxidation (PC) and electrolytic oxidation (EC). PEC activity can be greatly enhanced by the PC and EC synergy effect. In this work, novel copolymerized g-C3N4 (denoted as CNx)/TiO2 core-shell nanowire arrays were prepared by chemical vapor deposition. CNx were deposited on the surface of TiO2 nanowire arrays using organic monomer 4,5-dicyanidazole and dicyandiamide as copolymerization precursor. TiO2 nanowire arrays provide a direct and fast electron transfer path, while CNx is a visible light responsive material. After CNx deposition, the light response range of TiO2 is broadened to 600 nm. The deposition of CNx shell effectively improves the PC efficiency and PEC efficiency of TiO2. Under visible light irradiation and 1 V bias potential, the rate constant k of PEC degradation of CNx/TiO2 core-shell nanowire arrays is 0.0069 min−1, which is 72% higher than that of pure TiO2 nanowires. The built-in electric field formed in the interface between TiO2 core and CNx shell would effectively promote photogenerated charge separation and PEC activity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sabry N, Hussien MS, Yahia I. Eco-friendly synthesis of g-carbon nitride coated graphene nanocomposites for superior visible photodegradation of hydroquinone: Physicochemical mechanisms and photo-Fenton effect. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang M, Xu H, Wu L, Tan Y, Kong D, Yimiti M. Photocatalytic degradation of lignin by low content g-C 3N 4 modified TiO 2 under visible light. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00859a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalysts efficiently degraded lignin to obtain small molecule aromatics, which facilitated the efficient utilization of biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minpeng Zhang
- Xinjiang University Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Huitong Xu
- Xinjiang University Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Xinjiang University Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yu Tan
- Xinjiang University Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- Xinjiang University Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Mamatjan Yimiti
- Xinjiang University Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hybrid triazine-based g-C3N4(0 0 1)/anatase TiO2(0 0 1) heterojunction: Insights into enhanced photocatalytic mechanisms via DFT calculation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Role of B-doping in g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic NO removal and H2 generation. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Ren Y, Han Q, Yang J, Zhao Y, Xie Y, Wen H, Jiang Z. A promising catalytic solution of NO reduction by CO using g-C 3N 4/TiO 2: A DFT study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:152-163. [PMID: 34922072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The direct catalytic reduction of nitric oxide (NO) by carbon monoxide (CO) to form harmless N2 and CO2 is an ideal strategy to simultaneously remove both these hazardous gases. To investigate the feasibility of using graphitic carbon nitride/titanium dioxide (g-C3N4/TiO2) to catalyze the NO reduction by CO, we systematically explore the effect of the interfacial coupling between g-C3N4 and TiO2 on the photo-induced carrier separation, the light absorption, and the surface reaction for the NO reduction by using density functional theory. The g-C3N4/TiO2 is predicted to have a better photocatalytic activity for NO reduction than g-C3N4, due to the enhanced light absorption intensity and the accelerated separation of the photo-excited electron-hole pairs. By comparing the reaction routes on g-C3N4/TiO2 and g-C3N4, the results indicate that the introduction of TiO2 can keep the surface reaction process intact with the NO dissociation (N2O formation) being the rate-determining (crucial) step. Moreover, TiO2 can facilitate the desorption of NO reduction products, avoiding the deactivation of g-C3N4. This work shows that the composition of TiO2 into g-C3N4 provides a promising catalyst in NO reduction by CO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Ren
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingzhen Han
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Shandong Graphenjoy Advanced Material Co. Ltd, Dezhou 253072, China
| | - Yuehong Zhao
- Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yongbing Xie
- Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhaotan Jiang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
A critical review on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based composites for environmental remediation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
24
|
Bi Y, Sun E, Zhang S, Du F, Wei H, Liu F, Zhao C. Synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis for the degradation of toluene by TiO 2 loaded on ACF modified by Zn(CH 3COO) 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57398-57411. [PMID: 34091853 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon fiber (ACF) was modified by Zn(NO3)2, ZnCl2, and Zn(CH3COO)2), respectively, and then, TiO2 was loaded on the modified ACFs. The adsorption and photocatalysis performance were explored through the removal of toluene, and TiO2/ACF-Ac modified by Zn(CH3COO)2) with the best toluene degradation performance was selected. The characterization results of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) indicated that the samples were rough, and TiO2 was mainly loaded on the surface containing large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups in anatase phase. An ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer (UV-vis DRS) revealed that the catalyst enhanced the light response range. The photoelectric chemical experiment results demonstrated that the modified ACFs remarkably improved the charge transmission and the separation efficiency of electrons and holes. The adsorption saturation time reached 40 h and toluene photodegradation rate was 70%. Four toluene degradation intermediate products were determined by GC-MS, and the removal mechanism of toluene by TiO2/ACF-Ac was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Bi
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Encheng Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China
- Technology Inspection Center of ShengLi Oil Field, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Feiran Du
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Haidi Wei
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Treatment in Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing, China.
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Treatment in Petroleum and Petrochemical Industry, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu Z, Zhao Y, Mi L, Guo Y, Wang H, Liu K, Zhang K, Wang B. Preparation of g-C3N4/TiO2 by template method and its photocatalytic performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
26
|
Kılıç D, Sevim M, Eroğlu Z, Metin Ö, Karaca S. Strontium oxide modified mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride/titanium dioxide nanocomposites (SrO-mpg-CN/TiO2) as efficient heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of tetracycline in water. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
27
|
Fabrication of 3D Bi5O7I/BiOIO3 heterojunction material with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards tetracycline antibiotics. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
28
|
Kappadan S, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of BaTiO3/g-C3N4 heterojunction for the degradation of organic pollutants. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
29
|
Wu D, Tao Y, Huang Y, Huo B, Zhao X, Yang J, Jiang X, Huang Q, Dong F, Tang X. High visible-light photocatalytic performance of stable lead-free Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite nanocrystals. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Zheng R, Li C, Huang K, Guan Y, Sun B, Wang W, Wang L, Bian J. TiO 2/Ti 3C 2 intercalated with g-C 3N 4 nanosheets as 3D/2D ternary heterojunctions photocatalyst for the enhanced photocatalytic reduction of nitrate with high N 2 selectivity in aqueous solution. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
TiO2/Ti3C2 intercalated with g-C3N4 nanosheets as 3D/2D ternary heterojunctions photocatalyst was fabricated. Its performance of photocatalytic nitrate reduction was enhanced with Z-scheme heterojunction under irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Chunhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Kelei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Ying Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Wentai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| | - Junjie Bian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Ocean University of China
- Qingdao 266100
- China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jing H, Ou R, Yu H, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Huo M, Huo H, Wang X. Engineering of g-C3N4 nanoparticles/WO3 hollow microspheres photocatalyst with Z-scheme heterostructure for boosting tetracycline hydrochloride degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
32
|
New effects of TiO2 nanotube/g-C3N4 hybrids on the corrosion protection performance of epoxy coatings. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
33
|
Enhancement of organic contaminants degradation at low dosages of Fe(III) and H2O2 in g-C3N4 promoted Fe(III)/H2O2 system under visible light irradiation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
34
|
Zhou F, Zhang Z, Wang J, Huang S, Liu J, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu W. In situ preparation of 2D MoS 2 nanosheets vertically supported on TiO 2/PVDF flexible fibers and their photocatalytic performance. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:375606. [PMID: 32428885 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 nanosheets vertically supported on TiO2/PVDF flexible fibers have been successfully synthesized by combining electrospinning with a low temperature hydrothermal method without acid. The morphology of the 2D MoS2 nanosheets could be controlled by adjusting the experimental parameters. The loaded 2D MoS2 nanosheets can not only broaden the light capture range of TiO2, but also greatly inhibit the recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Due to the synergistic effect between MoS2 and TiO2, the photocatalytic rate for levofloxacin hydrochloride is about 40 times higher than that for MoS2 only. Recycle experiments have proved the stability and reusability of TiO2/PVDF@2D MoS2 nanosheets. The mechanism is investigated by quenching experiments. The results show that the superoxide anion radical (•O2 -), the hydroxyl radical (•OH) and the hole (h+) all have contributions to photocatalysis. This work widens the range of materials to synthesize the composites of 2D MoS2 nanosheets and provides a new and gentle method for preparing flexible large-scale heterostructures for environmental protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, People's Republic of China. College of Science and Information, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gu W, Teng F. SPR-promoted visible-light photocatalytic activity of Bi/ZIF hybrids. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
36
|
Design and fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheets decorated TiO2 hybrid sensor films for improved performance towards CO2 gas. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
37
|
Enhanced visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance of Au-SnO2 quantum dot-anchored g-C3N4 nanosheets. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Wei X, Xu X, Yang X, Li J, Liu Z. Visible light degradation of reactive black-42 by novel Sr/Ag-TiO 2@g-C 3N 4 photocatalyst: RSM optimization, reaction kinetics and pathways. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117870. [PMID: 31813716 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel Sr/Ag-TiO2@g-C3N4 (SAT-C) composite catalyst was fabricated through a sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal process. The prepared catalyst was characterized well. The doped Ag and Sr nanoparticles played the crucial role as an electron transfer bridge and the surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag remarkably improved the charge separation efficiency and enhanced visible-light response towards reactive black (RB-42) degradation. The enhanced photogenerated charge separation resulted from the existed integrated electric field of heterojunction and the superposed light response from hybridization of TiO2 and g-C3N4, Sr/Ag-TiO2@g-C3N4 composites exhibited remarkably improved photocatalytic activities for degrading RB-42. Furthermore, the effect of various operational parameters on the photocatalytic process was systematically evaluated by using response surface methodology (RSM). The maximum degradation efficiency (95.6%) was observed under the optimal conditions ([RB-42]0 = 20 mg/ L, [SAT-C]0 = 0.2 g/ L, pH = 4.5 and t = 40 min) for RB-42. The RB-42 degradation kinetics was well studied under the optimal conditions. In addition, the main degradation products of RB-42 were identified by the LC/ESI-MS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Wei
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China; College of Environment, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China.
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, PR China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- College of Environment, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Ningbo Water Supply Co Ltd, Ningbo 315041, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
3D graphene aerogel composite of 1D-2D Nb2O5-g-C3N4 heterojunction with excellent adsorption and visible-light photocatalytic performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 563:131-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
40
|
Zhang Y, Shen C, Lu X, Mu X, Song P. Effects of defects in g-C 3N 4 on excited-state charge distribution and transfer: Potential for improved photocatalysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 227:117687. [PMID: 31676150 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with triazine ring structures is a polymeric metal-free semiconductor with a medium bandgap and two-dimensional layered structure. g-C3N4 has attracted attention because of its photocatalytic applications, such as the photodegradation of pollution and hydrogen production via water splitting. Defective elements and sites are two essential factors in rationally designing highly-efficient photocatalysts based on g-C3N4 at the nanoscale. When the molecule absorbs energy and enters an excited state, electrons migrate and the charge distribution changes accordingly. The properties of the excited states of g-C3N4 are related to its defect elements and sites. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effects of defects on excited states in the design of g-C3N4 catalysts. In this paper, the excited-state characteristics of intrinsic g-C3N4 and g-C3N4 with C- and N-atom defects are analyzed by density functional theory. We apply quantum chemistry and wave function analysis to determine the hole-electron distributions and charge transfer directions. To measure and discuss the characteristics of electron excitation using quantitative numerical methods, the D, Sr, H, and t indices are calculated. Our results promote a deeper understanding of the roles of defective elements and sites in photocatalysis by g-C3N4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Zhang
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China.
| | - Xijiao Mu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Center for Green Innovation, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110036, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Synergetic dielectric loss and magnetic loss towards superior microwave absorption through hybridization of few-layer WS 2 nanosheets with NiO nanoparticles. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:138-146. [PMID: 36659077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
WS2 nanomaterials have attracted great attention in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption due to their high specific surface area, layered structure, and peculiar electronic properties. However, further improvements on their limited electromagnetic absorbing (EMA) capacity and bandwidth are urgently required for their practical application as EMA absorbents. In this work, WS2/NiO hybrids with heterostructures are prepared by a hydrothermal method and developed into EMA absorbents. The maximum reflection loss of the hybrids with 20% NiO loading could reach -53.31 dB at a thickness of 4.30 mm; the bandwidth with a reflection loss value of less than -10 dB is determined to be 13.46 GHz (4.54-18 GHz) when the thickness of the absorbent is between 3.5 and 5.5 mm. It is found that the enhanced EMA performance of WS2/NiO hybrids is caused by the addition of magnetic NiO, which could result in the interfaces between WS2 and NiO being responsible for the synergetic magnetic loss and dielectric loss in the hybrids. This work provides a new approach for the design of excellent EMA materials for practical applications.
Collapse
|
42
|
Enhanced photocatalytic performance of boron and phosphorous co-doped graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for removal of organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
43
|
Xiong Z, Wang Z, Muthu M, Zhang Y. Construction of an in-situ Fenton-like system based on a g-C 3N 4 composite photocatalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:565-571. [PMID: 30952001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, g-C3N4/PDI/Fe (gCPF) composite material was prepared by incorporating Fe ion on the composite catalyst of g-C3N4/PDI (gCP). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that the Fe was successfully incorporated on the pristine g-C3N4/PDI. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry (UV-vis DRS) and Photoluminescence spectral (PL) analysis confirmed the enhancement of the visible absorption band following a decline in the photoelectron/hole recombination rate with gCPF. A preparatory experiment was performed on photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) to examine the activity of gCPF. Results obtained in the radical quenching and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies indicated that an in-situ Fenton-like system has been successfully established and the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) changed from O2- to both O2- and OH in the gCPF system. However, a competition toward conduction band electrons between Fe3+ and O2 caused an inhibitory effect on PNP degradation. To overcome the effect, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was introduced as a reducing agent for Fe3+. Upon adding NTA, the efficiency of PNP degradation greatly enhanced from 33 to 80%. The effect of initial pH, dosage of NTA and content of dissolved O2 on PNP degradation was also studied. The photocatalytic stability was confirmed by recycling experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xiong
- Environmental Science Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Environmental Science Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Murugananthan Muthu
- Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Peelamedu, Coimbatore 641004, India
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Environmental Science Research Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang D, Saleh NB, Sun W, Park CM, Shen C, Aich N, Peijnenburg WJGM, Zhang W, Jin Y, Su C. Next-Generation Multifunctional Carbon-Metal Nanohybrids for Energy and Environmental Applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7265-7287. [PMID: 31199142 PMCID: PMC7388031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has unprecedentedly revolutionized human societies over the past decades and will continue to advance our broad societal goals in the coming decades. The research, development, and particularly the application of engineered nanomaterials have shifted the focus from "less efficient" single-component nanomaterials toward "superior-performance", next-generation multifunctional nanohybrids. Carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene family nanomaterials, carbon dots, and graphitic carbon nitride) and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g., Ag, Au, CdS, Cu2O, MoS2, TiO2, and ZnO) combinations are the most commonly pursued nanohybrids (carbon-metal nanohybrids; CMNHs), which exhibit appealing properties and promising multifunctionalities for addressing multiple complex challenges faced by humanity at the critical energy-water-environment (EWE) nexus. In this frontier review, we first highlight the altered and newly emerging properties (e.g., electronic and optical attributes, particle size, shape, morphology, crystallinity, dimensionality, carbon/metal ratio, and hybridization mode) of CMNHs that are distinct from those of their parent component materials. We then illustrate how these important newly emerging properties and functions of CMNHs direct their performances at the EWE nexus including energy harvesting (e.g., H2O splitting and CO2 conversion), water treatment (e.g., contaminant removal and membrane technology), and environmental sensing and in situ nanoremediation. This review concludes with identifications of critical knowledge gaps and future research directions for maximizing the benefits of next-generation multifunctional CMNHs at the EWE nexus and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dengjun Wang
- National Research Council Resident Research Associate at the United States Environmental Protection Agency , Ada , Oklahoma 74820 , United States
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Kyungpook National University , Buk-gu , Daegu 41566 , South Korea
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 , China
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering , University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo , New York 14260 , United States
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML) , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
- Center for Safety of Substances and Products , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven , The Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, and Environmental Science and Policy Program , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Chunming Su
- Groundwater, Watershed, and Ecosystem Restoration Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development , United States Environmental Protection Agency , Ada , Oklahoma 74820 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xie X, Chen C, Wang X, Li J, Naraginti S. Efficient detoxification of triclosan by a S-Ag/TiO 2@g-C 3N 4 hybrid photocatalyst: process optimization and bio-toxicity assessment. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20439-20449. [PMID: 35514706 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03279grsc.li/rsc-advances] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their persistency and toxicity, development of an effective strategy to eliminate antibiotic residues from the aquatic system has become a major environmental concern. Doping TiO2 with hetero atoms and forming a hybrid structure with g-C3N4 could serve as an efficient visible light active photocatalytic candidate. In this study, a novel S-Ag/TiO2@g-C3N4 hybrid catalyst was prepared for visible light degradation and detoxification of triclosan (TS) antibiotic. The effect of various operational parameters towards the photocatalytic degradation was systematically evaluated through response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The highest TS degradation (92.3%) was observed under optimal conditions (TS concentration = 10 mg L-1, pH = 7.8, and catalyst weight = 0.20 g L-1) after 60 min. Efficient charge separation resulted from the doped nanoparticles (silver and sulphur), the existing integrated electric field of the heterojunction and the overlying light response of hybridized TiO2 and g-C3N4, thus the S-Ag/TiO2@g-C3N4 composite showed impressively higher activity. The main degradation products of TS were identified by LC/ESI-MS analysis. In addition, the toxicity of the degradation products was investigated through an Escherichia coli (E. coli) colony forming unit assay and the results revealed that under optimal conditions a significant reduction in biotoxicity was noticed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Xie
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp. Nanjing 210036 China
- School of Energy and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp. Nanjing 210036 China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp. Nanjing 210036 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp. Nanjing 210036 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China
| | - Saraschandra Naraginti
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang 212013 China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang Y, Yu J, Peng W, Tian J, Yang C. Novel multilayer TiO 2 heterojunction decorated by low g-C 3N 4 content and its enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV, visible and solar light irradiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5932. [PMID: 30976070 PMCID: PMC6459824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we used a facile ball milling, microwave radiation and heating treatment method to achieve the surface modification of TiO2 with low g-C3N4 concentration, and a multilayer heterojunction composite with TiO2 as the main part and g-C3N4 as the modification agent was obtained. The obtained materials were analyzed by several characterizations to get information on their chemical composition, crystalline structure, vibrational features and optical properties. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated by degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) under UV, visible and direct solar light irradiation. Its photocatalytic activity was enhanced depended on the novel structure of g-C3N4/TiO2 hybrid and the special Z-scheme electron-hole transfer model of multilayer heterointerfaces. The material preparation and structural features could be useful for the design and development of other photocatalysts with high photocatalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Wang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Weidong Peng
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Tian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Chun Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
- Computational Visualization and Virtual Reality Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610068, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rabé K, Liu L, Nahyoon NA, Zhang Y, Idris AM. Enhanced Rhodamine B and coking wastewater degradation and simultaneous electricity generation via anodic g-C3N4/Fe0(1%)/TiO2 and cathodic WO3 in photocatalytic fuel cell system under visible light irradiation. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
48
|
Guo X, Rao L, Wang P, Zhang L, Wang Y. Synthesis of Porous Boron-Doped Carbon Nitride: Adsorption Capacity and Photo-Regeneration Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E581. [PMID: 30781576 PMCID: PMC6406923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nitride (CN) with improved adsorption⁻degradation capacity was synthesized using B₂O₃ and CN via calcination. The pollutant removal capacity of this B₂O₃/CN (B-CN) was studied by a powder suspension experiment and added into concrete to evaluate the adsorption and degradation of methylene blue (MB). The characterizations of all samples indicate that B₂O₃ significantly affects CN, e.g., by increasing the CN specific surface area to 3.6 times the original value, extending visible light adsorption, and narrowing the band gap from 2.56 eV to 2.42 eV. Furthermore, the results show that B-CN composite materials have a higher MB-removal efficiency, with the adsorption capacity reaching 43.11 mg/g, which is about 3.3 times that of pristine CN. The MB adsorption process on B2-CN is mainly via electrostatic attraction and π⁻π interactions. In addition, B-CN added into concrete also has good performance. After five adsorption⁻degradation cycles, B-CN and photocatalytic concrete still exhibit a good regenerate ability and excellent stability, which are very important for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Lei Rao
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 21100, China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun Q, Hu X, Zheng S, Zhang J, Sheng J. Effect of calcination on structure and photocatalytic property of N-TiO 2/g-C 3N 4@diatomite hybrid photocatalyst for improving reduction of Cr(Ⅵ). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:53-62. [PMID: 30414549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The N-TiO2/g-C3N4@diatomite (NTCD) composite has been prepared through a simple impregnation method, using titanium tetrachloride as precursor and urea as nitrogen-carbon source. Then the effects of calcination temperature on structure, surface property and photocatalytic activity of the catalysts were investigated. And XRD, TEM, XPS, FTIR and UV-vis diffuse adsorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the obtained powders. The photocatalytic activity of the NTCD was evaluated through the reduction of aqueous Cr (VI) under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). The results demonstrated that the nano-TiO2 particles ranging from 15 to 30 nm in the crystal of anatase are well deposited on the surface of diatomite in the NTCD-500 which calcined at 500 °C for 2 h. Furthermore, the g-C3N4 with the lay thickness of 0.92 nm was attached to the surface of nano-TiO2. The N-doped TiO2 and g-C3N4 doped catalysts could co-enhance response in the visible light region and reduce band gap of NTCD-500 (Eg = 3.07 eV). And the NTCD-500 sample exhibited nearly 100% removal rate within 5 h for photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) which was higher activity than P25, crude TiO2@diatomite and g-C3N4@diatomite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China; School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China; Wenzhou Institute of Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325011, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Shuilin Zheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiawei Sheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China; Wenzhou Institute of Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325011, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xie X, Chen C, Wang X, Li J, Naraginti S. Efficient detoxification of triclosan by a S–Ag/TiO2@g-C3N4hybrid photocatalyst: process optimization and bio-toxicity assessment. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20439-20449. [PMID: 35514706 PMCID: PMC9065728 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their persistency and toxicity, development of an effective strategy to eliminate antibiotic residues from the aquatic system has become a major environmental concern. Doping TiO2 with hetero atoms and forming a hybrid structure with g-C3N4 could serve as an efficient visible light active photocatalytic candidate. In this study, a novel S–Ag/TiO2@g-C3N4 hybrid catalyst was prepared for visible light degradation and detoxification of triclosan (TS) antibiotic. The effect of various operational parameters towards the photocatalytic degradation was systematically evaluated through response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD). The highest TS degradation (92.3%) was observed under optimal conditions (TS concentration = 10 mg L−1, pH = 7.8, and catalyst weight = 0.20 g L−1) after 60 min. Efficient charge separation resulted from the doped nanoparticles (silver and sulphur), the existing integrated electric field of the heterojunction and the overlying light response of hybridized TiO2 and g-C3N4, thus the S–Ag/TiO2@g-C3N4 composite showed impressively higher activity. The main degradation products of TS were identified by LC/ESI-MS analysis. In addition, the toxicity of the degradation products was investigated through an Escherichia coli (E. coli) colony forming unit assay and the results revealed that under optimal conditions a significant reduction in biotoxicity was noticed. Owing to their persistency and toxicity, development of an effective strategy to eliminate antibiotic residues from the aquatic system has become a major environmental concern.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Xie
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp
- Nanjing 210036
- China
- School of Energy and Environment
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of the Ministry of Education
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp
- Nanjing 210036
- China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp
- Nanjing 210036
- China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- College of Environment
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp
- Nanjing 210036
- China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- College of Environment
| | - Saraschandra Naraginti
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes
- College of Environment
- Hohai University
- Nanjing 210098
- China
| |
Collapse
|