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Gao Q, Duan L, Zhang H, Jia Y, Li M, Li S, Yang D. Effect of Mn 2+ on RO membrane organic fouling: Insights into the complexation and interfacial interaction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:122041. [PMID: 39083934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
RO process is commonly used to treat and reuse manganese-containing industrial wastewater. Nevertheless, even after undergoing multi-stage treatment, the secondary biochemical effluent still exhibits a high concentration of Mn2+ coupled with organics entering the RO system, leading to membrane fouling. In this work, we systematically analyze the RO membrane organic fouling processes and mechanisms, considering the coexistence of Mn2+ with humic acid (HA), sodium alginate (SA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and their mixtures (HBS). The impact of Mn2+ on membrane fouling was HBS > SA > HA > BSA, controlling polysaccharide pollutant concentrations should be a priority for mitigating membrane fouling. In the presence of Mn2+ with HA, SA, or HBS, membrane fouling is primarily attributed to the complexation of organics and Mn2+ and the facilitation of interfacial interaction energy. RO membrane BSA fouling was not directly affected by Mn2+, the addition of Mn2+ induced a salting-out effect, leading to the deposition of BSA in a single molecular on the membrane. Simultaneously, adhesion energy hinders the deposition of BSA on the membrane, resulting in milder membrane fouling. This study provided the theoretical basis and suggestions for RO membrane organic fouling control in the presence of Mn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Liang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Hengliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Dongmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Basin Research Center for Water Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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Alresheedi MT. Influence of Iron and Magnesium on Fouling Properties of Organic Matter Solution in Membrane Process. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:150. [PMID: 39057658 PMCID: PMC11278630 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14070150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Organic matter has been identified as a significant type of foulant in membrane processes for water treatment. Its fouling tendency is highly affected by the presence of ions and inorganics. While the effects of ions addition on organic fouling have been extensively researched in the past, studies on the effect of positively-charged inorganics, such as Fe2+ and Mg2+, on organic fouling are limited. This study investigates the influence of Fe2+ and Mg2+ addition on fouling properties of the Suwannee River Organic Matter (SROM) solution in the MF process, with and without Ca2+ ions. Results showed that increasing the concentration of Fe2+ and Mg2+ from 0-5 mM promoted SROM fouling, and resulted in an increased flux decline up to 33% and 58%, respectively. Cake layer resistance became more dominant with the addition of Fe2+ and Mg2+, and was counted for more than 60% of the fouling. Mg2+, however, caused higher internal pore blocking, and facilitated the formation of a less permeable cake layer, compared to Fe2+. This was evident in the analysis of the cake layer properties and the visualization of the fouling layer. In all cases, SROM fouling with Fe2+ and Mg2+ worsened with the addition of Ca2+ ions. The results of the study indicated the importance of understanding the interaction between organic matter and Fe2+ and Mg2+, which would provide useful insights on their fouling mechanism and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Alresheedi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Gao Q, Duan L, Jia Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Yang W. A Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of Inorganic Matter on Membrane Organic Fouling: A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:837. [PMID: 37888009 PMCID: PMC10609035 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a non-negligible issue affecting the performance of membrane systems. Particularly, organic fouling is the most persistent and severe form of fouling. The complexation between inorganic and organic matter may exacerbate membrane organic fouling. This mini review systematically analyzes the role of inorganic matter in membrane organic fouling. Inorganic substances, such as metal ions and silica, can interact with organic foulants like humic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins through ionic bonding, hydrogen bonding, coordination, and van der Waals interactions. These interactions facilitate the formation of larger aggregates that exacerbate fouling, especially for reverse osmosis membranes. Molecular simulations using molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) provide valuable mechanistic insights complementing fouling experiments. Polysaccharide fouling is mainly governed by transparent exopolymer particle (TEP) formations induced by inorganic ion bridging. Inorganic coagulants like aluminum and iron salts mitigate fouling for ultrafiltration but not reverse osmosis membranes. This review summarizes the effects of critical inorganic constituents on fouling by major organic foulants, providing an important reference for membrane fouling modeling and fouling control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hengliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Q.G.); (Y.J.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Gao Q, Duan L, Jia Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Yang W. Differences in the Effect of Mn 2+ on the Reverse Osmosis Membrane Fouling Caused by Different Types of Organic Matter: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Evidence. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:823. [PMID: 37887995 PMCID: PMC10608961 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate from some sites contains a high concentration of Mn2+, which may cause reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling during RO treatment. In this study, the effect of Mn2+ on RO membrane fouling caused by typical organic pollutants (humic acid (HA), protein (BSA), and sodium alginate (SA)) was systematically investigated, and it was found that Mn2+ exacerbates RO membrane fouling caused by HA, SA, and HBS (mixture of HA + BSA + SA). When the Mn2+ concentration was 0.5 mM and 0.05 mM separately, the membrane fouling caused by HA and SA began to become significant. On the other hand, with for HBS fouling only, the water flux decreased significantly by about 21.7% and further decreased with an increasing Mn2+ concentration. However, Mn2+ has no direct effect on BSA. The effect degrees to which Mn2+ affected RO membrane fouling can be expressed as follows: HBS > SA > HA > BSA. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations also gave the same results. In modeling the reaction of the complexation of Mn2+ with the carboxyl group in these four types of organic matter, BSA has the highest energy (-55.7 kJ/mol), which predicts that BSA binding to Mn2+ is the most unstable compared to other organic matter. The BSA carboxylate group also has the largest bond length (2.538-2.574 Å) with Mn2+ and the weakest interaction force, which provides a theoretical basis for controlling RO membrane fouling exacerbated by Mn2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Gao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Liang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hengliang Zhang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.G.); (H.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Water Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (Y.J.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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5
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Zou H, Huang J, Zhang M, Lin H, Teng J, Huang Z. Mitigation of protein fouling by magnesium ions and the related mechanisms in ultrafiltration process. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136817. [PMID: 36241107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although protein is an important membrane foulant in the water body that may be significantly affected by the coexisting common cation magnesium (Mg2+), the effect of Mg2+ on protein fouling is rarely reported. In this context, this study selected bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the model foulant, and investigated its fouling characteristics at different Mg2+ concentrations (0-100 mM). Filtration tests showed that the protein fouling can be significantly mitigated by adding Mg2+, and the specific filtration resistance (SFR) of pure BSA (3.56 × 1014 m kg-1) was at least 5 times that of BSA-Mg2+ solutions (0.5-100 mM). In addition, an optimal Mg2+ concentration exists, which can achieve the lowest BSA SFR. A series of characterizations indicated that the main contributors to the differences in BSA SFR were the changes in BSA adhesion capacity and the thickness and structure of the foulant layer. Basically, the above results were attributed to the hydration repulsion effect of Mg2+, which prevented tight adhesion of foulants to the membrane. Moreover, the lowest BSR SFR at 1 mM Mg2+ was achieved not only by the hydration repulsion effect but also by the particle size compression due to the conformational change of BSA molecules. This combined effect led to the lowest foulant retention on the membrane surface and delivered to the lowest SFR. This study conducts a thorough inspection into the specific effect of Mg2+ on protein fouling and provides a fresh insight into protein fouling control in the UF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zou
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Jiahui Huang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Meijia Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Zhengyi Huang
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Cai W, Zhang J, Li Y, Chen Q, Xie W, Wang J. Characterizing membrane fouling formation during ultrafiltration of high-salinity organic wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132057. [PMID: 34474376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-salinity organic wastewater usually consists of diverse highly concentrated ions such as Na+, Ca2+ and Al3+ etc., which may significantly influence the fouling propensity when membrane technique is employed for contaminants removal. The current work investigated the effects of high salinity especially high-concentration Na+, Ca2+ and Al3+ on UF fouling characteristics, where 2 M Na+ and 0.5-1.0 M Ca2+ or Al3+ were applied according to the general composition of high-salinity wastewater. The results demonstrated that the presence of high-concentration Na+ alone benefited the ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution, but posed adverse effects on the ultrafiltration of humic acid (HA) solution. Further addition of Ca2+ or Al3+ on the basis of Na+ was found to aggravate the development of BSA fouling. Such differentiated behaviors were further elucidated by the comprehensive fouling characterizations in terms of foulant properties, specific resistances, filtration modelling and fouling layer observations. Correlation analysis suggested that irreversible fouling had strong relationship with Al3+ addition, while reversible fouling seemed to be primarily influenced by foulant size. Meanwhile, membrane rejection in the presence of various salts remarkably decreased, which was negatively correlated with zeta potential. Consequently, this study should shed light on the membrane fouling formation for treating high-salinity organic wastewater using membrane techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qiuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenwen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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7
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Cai W, Chen Q, Zhang J, Li Y, Xie W, Wang J. Effects of High Salinity on Alginate Fouling during Ultrafiltration of High-Salinity Organic Synthetic Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080590. [PMID: 34436353 PMCID: PMC8402206 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration is widely employed in treating high-salinity organic wastewater for the purpose of retaining particulates, microbes and macromolecules etc. In general, high-salinity wastewater contains diverse types of saline ions at fairly high concentration, which may significantly change foulant properties and subsequent fouling propensity during ultrafiltration. This study filled a knowledge gap by investigating polysaccharide fouling formation affected by various high saline environments, where 2 mol/L Na+ and 0.5–1.0 mol/L Ca2+/Al3+ were employed and the synergistic influences of Na+-Ca2+ and Na+-Al3+ were further unveiled. The results demonstrated that the synergistic influence of Na+-Ca2+ strikingly enlarged the alginate size due to the bridging effects of Ca2+ via binding with carboxyl groups in alginate chains. As compared with pure alginate, the involvement of Na+ aggravated alginate fouling formation, while the subsequent addition of Ca2+ or Al3+ on the basis of Na+ mitigated fouling development. The coexistence of Na+-Ca2+ led to alginate fouling formed mostly in a loose and reversible pattern, accompanied by significant cracks appearing on the cake layer. In contrast, the fouling layer formed by alginate-Na+-Al3+ seemed to be much denser, leading to severer irreversible fouling formation. Notably, the membrane rejection under various high salinity conditions was seriously weakened. Consequently, the current study offered in-depth insights into the development of polysaccharide-associated fouling during ultrafiltration of high-salinity organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Qiuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenwen Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China; (Q.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
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UF fouling behavior of allelopathy of extracellular organic matter produced by mixed algae co-cultures. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang T, Zhang C, Bai L, Xie B, Gan Z, Xing J, Li G, Liang H. Scaling behavior of iron in capacitive deionization (CDI) system. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115370. [PMID: 31864131 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the fouling and scaling behaviors in a capacitive deionization (CDI) system in the presence of iron and natural organic matter (NOM). It was found that the salt adsorption capacity (SAC) significantly decreased when treating Fe-containing brackish water, with higher Fe concentrations leading to severer SAC reduction. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated that Fe2O3 appeared to be the predominant foulant attached on the electrode surface, which was difficult to be removed via backwashing, indicating the irreversible property of the foulant. Further characterizations (e.g., N2 sorption-desorption isotherms, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry) revealed that the CDI electrodes suffered from obvious deterioration such as specific surface area loss, resistance increase and capacitance decline with the occurrence of Fe scaling. While the presence of NOM alleviated the Fe scaling through NOM-Fe complexing effects, NOM itself was found to have negative impacts on CDI desalination performance due to their strong interactions with the carbon electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Langming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Binghan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Zhendong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Jiajian Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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Sargın İ, Arslan G, Erzengin M. Interactions of bovine serum albumin with humic acid–Cu(II) aggregates in poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate) cryogel column. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang C, Hu X, Guan P, Wu D, Yang L, Du C. Preparation of Molecularly Imprinted Regenerated Cellulose Composite Membranes by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Method for Selective Recognition of Lysozyme. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.33.4.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ping Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Danfeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chunbao Du
- Department of Chemistry, Northwest Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072, China
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