1
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Qu S, Lin H, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Mitochondria-Associated Autoantibodies: A Review of the Specific Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1624. [PMID: 38338904 PMCID: PMC10855900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a severe retinal disease that causes irreversible visual loss and blindness in elderly populations worldwide. The pathological mechanism of AMD is complex, involving the interactions of multiple environmental and genetic factors. A poor understanding of the disease leads to limited treatment options and few effective prevention methods. The discovery of autoantibodies in AMD patients provides an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and treatment direction of the disease. This review focuses on the mitochondria-associated autoantibodies and summarizes the functional roles of mitochondria under physiological conditions and their alterations during the pathological states. Additionally, it discusses the crosstalk between mitochondria and other organelles, as well as the mitochondria-related therapeutic strategies in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franz H. Grus
- Department of Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.Q.); (H.L.)
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2
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Ren C, Sun Z, Chen Y, Chen J, Wang S, Liu Q, Wang P, Cheng X, Zhang Z, Wang Q. Identification of Biomarkers Affecting Cryopreservation Recovery Ratio in Ram Spermatozoa Using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)-Based Quantitative Proteomics Approach. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2368. [PMID: 37508145 PMCID: PMC10376853 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm proteins play vital roles in improving sperm freezing resilience in domestic animals. However, it remains poorly defined which proteins regulate the freezing resilience of spermatozoa in rams (Ovis aries). Here, we compared the proteome of ram sperm with a high cryopreservation recovery ratio (HCR) with that of ram sperm with a low cryopreservation recovery ratio (LCR) using a tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to evaluate differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A total of 2464 proteins were identified, and 184 DEPs were screened. Seventy-two proteins were higher in the LCR group. One hundred and twelve proteins were more abundant in the HCR group, and they were mainly involved in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis pathways. Proteins in high abundance in the HCR group included the S100A family, such as S100A8, S100A9, S100A14, and S100A16, effectively controlling for CA2+ and maintaining flagella structure; HYOU1 and PRDX1, which participate in antioxidant protection and anti-apoptosis to prevent cell death; and HSP90B1, which maintains cell activity and immune response. Our results could help illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying cryopreservation of ram semen and expand the potential direction of cryopreservation of high-quality semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuan Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yale Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- New Rural Develop Research Institute, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Center of Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Promotion of Dingyuan County, Dingyuan 233200, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
- Center of Agriculture Technology Cooperation and Promotion of Dingyuan County, Dingyuan 233200, China
| | - Qiangjun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
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3
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Rajagopalan KS, Kazeminia S, Glasstetter LM, Farahani RA, Zhu XY, Tang H, Jordan KL, Chade AR, Lerman A, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Metabolic Syndrome Induces Epigenetic Alterations in Mitochondria-Related Genes in Swine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1274. [PMID: 37174674 PMCID: PMC10177475 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated important therapeutic effects in several diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors may impair MSC mitochondrial structure and function, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome (MetS) induces epigenetic alterations in mitochondria-related genes in swine MSCs. Pigs were fed a Lean or MetS diet (n = 6 each) for 16 weeks. MSCs were collected from subcutaneous abdominal fat, and DNA hydroxymethylation (5 hmC) profiles of mitochondria-related genes (MitoCarta-2.0) were analyzed by hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (hMeDIP-seq) in Lean- and MetS-MSCs untreated or treated with the epigenetic modulator vitamin (Vit)-C (n = 3 each). Functional analysis of genes with differential 5 hmC regions was performed using DAVID6.8. Mitochondrial structure (electron microscopy), oxidative stress, and membrane potential were assessed. hMeDIP-seq identified 172 peaks (associated with 103 mitochondrial genes) with higher and 416 peaks (associated with 165 mitochondrial genes) with lower 5 hmC levels in MetS-MSCs versus Lean-MSCs (≥2-fold, p < 0.05). Genes with higher 5 hmC levels in MetS + MSCs were primarily implicated in fatty acid metabolism, whereas those with lower 5 hmC levels were associated with electron transport chain activity. Vit-C increased 5 hmC levels in mitochondrial antioxidant genes, improved mitochondrial structure and membrane potential, and decreased oxidative stress. MetS alters 5 hmC levels of mitochondria-related genes in swine MSCs. Vit-C modulated 5 hmC levels in these genes and preserved mitochondrial structure and function in MetS-MSCs. These observations may contribute to development of strategies to overcome the deleterious effects of MetS on MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Kazeminia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Rahele A. Farahani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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4
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Banerjee R, Purhonen J, Kallijärvi J. The mitochondrial coenzyme Q junction and complex III: biochemistry and pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 289:6936-6958. [PMID: 34428349 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is the electron-carrying lipid in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS). In mammals, it serves as the electron acceptor for nine mitochondrial inner membrane dehydrogenases. These include the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, CI) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII) but also several others that are often omitted in the context of respiratory enzymes: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenases 1 and 2, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. The metabolic pathways these enzymes are involved in range from amino acid and fatty acid oxidation to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation, and hydrogen sulfide detoxification, among many others. The CoQ-linked metabolism depends on CoQ reoxidation by the mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex, CIII). However, the literature is surprisingly limited as for the role of the CoQ-linked metabolism in the pathogenesis of human diseases of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the CoQ homeostasis is directly or indirectly affected. In this review, we give an introduction to CIII function, and an overview of the pathological consequences of CIII dysfunction in humans and mice and of the CoQ-dependent metabolic processes potentially affected in these pathological states. Finally, we discuss some experimental tools to dissect the various aspects of compromised CoQ oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Burns W, Chaudhari BP, Haffner DN. Neurogenetic and Metabolic Mimics of Common Neonatal Neurological Disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2022; 42:100972. [PMID: 35868729 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2022.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenetic and metabolic diseases often present in the neonatal period, masquerading as other disorders, most commonly as neonatal encephalopathy and seizures. Advancements in our understanding of inborn errors of metabolism are leading to an increasing number of therapeutic options. Many of these treatments can improve long-term neurodevelopment and seizure control. However, the treatments are frequently condition-specific. A high index of suspicion is required for prompt identification and treatment. When suspected, simultaneous metabolic and molecular testing are recommended along with concurrent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Burns
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
| | - Bimal P Chaudhari
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Darrah N Haffner
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Division of Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
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6
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De La Rossa A, Laporte MH, Astori S, Marissal T, Montessuit S, Sheshadri P, Ramos-Fernández E, Mendez P, Khani A, Quairiaux C, Taylor EB, Rutter J, Nunes JM, Carleton A, Duchen MR, Sandi C, Martinou JC. Paradoxical neuronal hyperexcitability in a mouse model of mitochondrial pyruvate import deficiency. eLife 2022; 11:72595. [PMID: 35188099 PMCID: PMC8860443 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal excitation imposes a high demand of ATP in neurons. Most of the ATP derives primarily from pyruvate-mediated oxidative phosphorylation, a process that relies on import of pyruvate into mitochondria occuring exclusively via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). To investigate whether deficient oxidative phosphorylation impacts neuron excitability, we generated a mouse strain carrying a conditional deletion of MPC1, an essential subunit of the MPC, specifically in adult glutamatergic neurons. We found that, despite decreased levels of oxidative phosphorylation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in these excitatory neurons, mice were normal at rest. Surprisingly, in response to mild inhibition of GABA mediated synaptic activity, they rapidly developed severe seizures and died, whereas under similar conditions the behavior of control mice remained unchanged. We report that neurons with a deficient MPC were intrinsically hyperexcitable as a consequence of impaired calcium homeostasis, which reduced M-type potassium channel activity. Provision of ketone bodies restored energy status, calcium homeostasis and M-channel activity and attenuated seizures in animals fed a ketogenic diet. Our results provide an explanation for the seizures that frequently accompany a large number of neuropathologies, including cerebral ischemia and diverse mitochondriopathies, in which neurons experience an energy deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Astori
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
| | - Thomas Marissal
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Université d'Aix- Marseille
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva
| | | | - Preethi Sheshadri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London
| | | | | | - Abbas Khani
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva
| | | | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa
| | - Jared Rutter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | | | - Alan Carleton
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of Geneva
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
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7
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Chojnacka KJ, Elancheliyan P, Mussulini BHM, Mohanraj K, Callegari S, Gosk A, Banach T, Góral T, Szczepanowska K, Rehling P, Serwa RA, Chacińska A. Ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen-like protein 2 (OCIAD2) is a novel complex III specific assembly factor in mitochondria. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar29. [PMID: 35080992 PMCID: PMC9250361 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-03-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of the dimeric complex III (CIII2) in the mitochondrial inner membrane is an intricate process in which several accessory proteins are involved as assembly factors. Despite numerous studies, this process has yet to be fully understood. Here we report the identification of human OCIAD2 (ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen–like protein 2) as an assembly factor for CIII2. OCIAD2 was found to be deregulated in several carcinomas and also in some neurogenerative disorders; however, its nonpathological role had not been elucidated. We have shown that OCIAD2 localizes to mitochondria and interacts with electron transport chain (ETC) proteins. Complete loss of OCIAD2 using gene editing in HEK293 cells resulted in abnormal mitochondrial morphology, a substantial decrease of both CIII2 and supercomplex III2+IV, and a reduction in CIII enzymatic activity. Identification of OCIAD2 as a protein required for assembly of functional CIII2 provides a new insight into the biogenesis and architecture of the ETC. Elucidating the mechanism of OCIAD2 action is important both for the understanding of cellular metabolism and for an understanding of its role in malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karthik Mohanraj
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Gosk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Banach
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Góral
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Szczepanowska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Remigiusz Adam Serwa
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Chacińska
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, IMol Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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da Veiga Moreira J, Schwartz L, Jolicoeur M. Targeting Mitochondrial Singlet Oxygen Dynamics Offers New Perspectives for Effective Metabolic Therapies of Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:573399. [PMID: 33042846 PMCID: PMC7530255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of mitochondrial respiration has allowed evolution toward more complex and advanced life forms. However, its dysfunction is now also seen as the most probable cause of one of the biggest scourges in human health, cancer. Conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, which mainly focus on disrupting the cell division process, have shown being effective in the attenuation of various cancers but also showing significant limits as well as serious sides effects. Indeed, the idea that cancer is a metabolic disease with mitochondria as the central site of the pathology is now emerging, and we provide here a review supporting this "novel" hypothesis re-actualizing past century Otto Warburg's thoughts. Our conclusion, while integrating literature, is that mitochondrial activity and, in particular, the activity of cytochrome c oxidase, complex IV of the ETC, plays a fundamental role in the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and probably radiotherapy treatments. We therefore propose that cancer cells mitochondrial singlet oxygen (1O2) dynamics may be an efficient target for metabolic therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorgelindo da Veiga Moreira
- Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mario Jolicoeur
- Research Laboratory in Applied Metabolic Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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9
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Maternal vitamin B 12 deficiency in rats alters DNA methylation in metabolically important genes in their offspring. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 468:83-96. [PMID: 32189172 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a critical problem worldwide and peri-conceptional deficiency of this vitamin is associated with the risk of complex cardio-metabolic diseases. Nutritional perturbations during these stages of development may lead to changes in the fetal epigenome. Using Wistar rat model system, we have earlier shown that low maternal B12 levels are associated with low birth weight, adiposity, insulin resistance, and increased triglyceride levels in the offspring, which might predispose them to the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. In this study, we have investigated the effects of maternal B12 deficiency on genome-wide DNA methylation profile of the offspring and the effect of rehabilitation of mothers with B12 at conception. We have performed methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing of liver from pups in four groups of Wistar rats: Control (C), B12-restricted (B12R), B12-rehabilitated at conception (B12RC), and B12-rehabilitated at parturition (B12RP). We have analyzed differentially methylated signatures between the three groups as compared to controls. We have identified a total of 214 hypermethylated and 142 hypomethylated regions in the 10 kb upstream region of transcription start site in pups of B12-deficient mothers, which are enriched in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial transport/metabolism. B12 rehabilitation at conception and parturition is responsible for reversal of methylation status of many of these regions to control levels suggesting a causal association with metabolic phenotypes. Thus, maternal B12 restriction alters DNA methylation of genes involved in important metabolic processes and influences the offspring phenotype, which is reversed by B12 rehabilitation of mothers at conception.
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10
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Franco-Iborra S, Tanji K. Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining methods to visualize mitochondrial proteins and activity. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 155:247-270. [PMID: 32183961 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We describe here reliable histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to visualize mitochondria and respiratory chain dysfunction in tissue sections. These morphological methods have been widely used for years, and yet remain relevant to obtain insight into the pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases. Today, mitochondrial medicine is changing rapidly and genetic information plays an increasing role in the diagnostic process, owing to advances in next-generation sequencing. However, tissue analysis and morphological categorization remain essential, especially when genetic abnormalities of unknown significance might complicate a diagnostic odyssey. Furthermore, tissue assessment is an essential step in laboratory investigation using animal or cell models, in order to assess the distribution, severity, and/or progression of the disease, and to evaluate the effects of possible treatments. Optimized and reproducible staining and imaging methodology are the key elements for accurate tissue assessment. When these methods are used properly and integrated with wisely chosen genetic and biochemical approaches, powerful information can be obtained about the structure and function of mitochondria in both animal model systems and human patients. While the described protocols refer to skeletal muscle and brain mitochondria, the methods described can be applied to any tissue type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Franco-Iborra
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Kurenai Tanji
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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11
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Favia M, de Bari L, Bobba A, Atlante A. An Intriguing Involvement of Mitochondria in Cystic Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111890. [PMID: 31698802 PMCID: PMC6912654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) occurs when the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is not synthetized and folded correctly. The CFTR protein helps to maintain the balance of salt and water on many body surfaces, such as the lung surface. When the protein is not working correctly, chloride becomes trapped in cells, then water cannot hydrate the cellular surface and the mucus covering the cells becomes thick and sticky. Furthermore, a defective CFTR appears to produce a redox imbalance in epithelial cells and extracellular fluids and to cause an abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species: as a consequence, oxidative stress has been implicated as a causative factor in the aetiology of the process. Moreover, massive evidences show that defective CFTR gives rise to extracellular GSH level decrease and elevated glucose concentrations in airway surface liquid (ASL), thus encouraging lung infection by pathogens in the CF advancement. Recent research in progress aims to rediscover a possible role of mitochondria in CF. Here the latest new and recent studies on mitochondrial bioenergetics are collected. Surprisingly, they have enabled us to ascertain that mitochondria have a leading role in opposing the high ASL glucose level as well as oxidative stress in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Favia
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari—CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.d.B.); (A.B.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Lidia de Bari
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari—CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.d.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Bobba
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari—CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.d.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Atlante
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari—CNR, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (L.d.B.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (A.A.)
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12
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Cao S, Shen Z, Wang C, Zhang Q, Hong Q, He Y, Hu C. Resveratrol improves intestinal barrier function, alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and induces mitophagy in diquat challenged piglets1. Food Funct 2019; 10:344-354. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether resveratrol can alleviate intestinal injury and enhance the mitochondrial function and the mitophagy level in diquat induced oxidative stress of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Cao
- Animal Science College
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province
| | - Zhuojun Shen
- Animal Science College
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province
| | - Chunchun Wang
- Animal Science College
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Animal Science College
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province
| | - Qihua Hong
- Animal Science College
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province
| | - Yonghui He
- Henan Province Engineering Technology Centre of Intelligent Cleaner Production of Livestock and Poultry
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology
- Xinxiang
- China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Animal Science College
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province
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13
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Kim K, Ahn N, Jung S. Comparison of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial biogenesis responses after 12 weeks of treadmill running and ladder climbing exercises in the cardiac muscle of middle-aged obese rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7508. [PMID: 30066723 PMCID: PMC6075797 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of aerobic exercise (AE) lasting 12 weeks to that of resistance exercise (RE) of the same duration on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial biogenesis in the cardiac muscle of middle-aged obese rats. Obesity was induced in thirty 50-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats over 6 weeks by administration of a high-fat diet. The rats were then subjected to treadmill-running (AE) and ladder-climbing (RE) exercises 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Rats in the AE group showed significantly lower increases in body weight and intraperitoneal fat than those in the sedentary control (SC) group (P<0.05). The 12-week exercise regimes resulted in a significant increase in expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers and levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α in the cardiac muscle (P<0.05). Phosphorylation of PKR-like ER kinase, an ER stress marker, decreased significantly (P<0.05) after the exercise training. Although a trend for decreased C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression was observed in both exercise groups, only the AE group had a statistically significant decrease (P<0.05). Levels of GRP78, an ER stress marker that protects cardiac muscle, did not significantly differ among the groups. Although only the AE group decreased body weight and fat mass, the two exercise regimes had similar effects on cardiac muscle with the exception of CHOP. Therefore, we suggest that both AE, which results in weight loss, and high-intensity RE, though not accompanied by weight loss, protect obese cardiac muscle effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kijin Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Suryun Jung
- Department of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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14
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Tissue- and Condition-Specific Isoforms of Mammalian Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunits: From Function to Human Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1534056. [PMID: 28593021 PMCID: PMC5448071 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1534056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) is the terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain and catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen. COX consists of 14 subunits, three and eleven encoded, respectively, by the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Tissue- and condition-specific isoforms have only been reported for COX but not for the other oxidative phosphorylation complexes, suggesting a fundamental requirement to fine-tune and regulate the essentially irreversible reaction catalyzed by COX. This article briefly discusses the assembly of COX in mammals and then reviews the functions of the six nuclear-encoded COX subunits that are expressed as isoforms in specialized tissues including those of the liver, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, and testes: COX IV-1, COX IV-2, NDUFA4, NDUFA4L2, COX VIaL, COX VIaH, COX VIb-1, COX VIb-2, COX VIIaH, COX VIIaL, COX VIIaR, COX VIIIH/L, and COX VIII-3. We propose a model in which the isoforms mediate the interconnected regulation of COX by (1) adjusting basal enzyme activity to mitochondrial capacity of a given tissue; (2) allosteric regulation to adjust energy production to need; (3) altering proton pumping efficiency under certain conditions, contributing to thermogenesis; (4) providing a platform for tissue-specific signaling; (5) stabilizing the COX dimer; and (6) modulating supercomplex formation.
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15
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Schrank B, Schoser B, Klopstock T, Schneiderat P, Horvath R, Abicht A, Holinski-Feder E, Augustis S. Lifetime exercise intolerance with lactic acidosis as key manifestation of novel compound heterozygous ACAD9 mutations causing complex I deficiency. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:473-476. [PMID: 28279569 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a 36-year-old female having lifetime exercise intolerance and lactic acidosis with nausea associated with novel compound heterozygous Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 9 gene (ACAD9) mutations (p.Ala390Thr and p.Arg518Cys). ACAD9 is an assembly factor for the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. ACAD9 mutations are recognized as frequent causes of complex I deficiency. Our patient presented with exercise intolerance, rapid fatigue, and nausea since early childhood. Mild physical workload provoked the occurrence of nausea and vomiting repeatedly. Her neurological examination, laboratory findings and muscle biopsy demonstrated no abnormalities. A bicycle spiroergometry provoked significant lactic acidosis during and following exercise pointing towards a mitochondrial disorder. Subsequently, the analysis of respiratory chain enzyme activities in muscle revealed severe isolated complex I deficiency. Candidate gene sequencing revealed two novel heterozygous ACAD9 mutations. This patient report expands the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of diseases associated with mutations in ACAD9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertold Schrank
- Department of Neurology, DKD HELIOS Medical Center Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schneiderat
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sarunas Augustis
- Department of Neurology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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16
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Arroyo JD, Jourdain AA, Calvo SE, Ballarano CA, Doench JG, Root DE, Mootha VK. A Genome-wide CRISPR Death Screen Identifies Genes Essential for Oxidative Phosphorylation. Cell Metab 2016; 24:875-885. [PMID: 27667664 PMCID: PMC5474757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the major pathway for ATP production in humans. Deficiencies in OXPHOS can arise from mutations in either mitochondrial or nuclear genomes and comprise the largest collection of inborn errors of metabolism. At present we lack a complete catalog of human genes and pathways essential for OXPHOS. Here we introduce a genome-wide CRISPR "death screen" that actively selects dying cells to reveal human genes required for OXPHOS, inspired by the classic observation that human cells deficient in OXPHOS survive in glucose but die in galactose. We report 191 high-confidence hits essential for OXPHOS, including 72 underlying known OXPHOS diseases. Our screen reveals a functional module consisting of NGRN, WBSCR16, RPUSD3, RPUSD4, TRUB2, and FASTKD2 that regulates the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and intra-mitochondrial translation. Our work yields a rich catalog of genes required for OXPHOS and, more generally, demonstrates the power of death screening for functional genomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Arroyo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sarah E Calvo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carmine A Ballarano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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17
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Moreno-Loshuertos R, Enríquez JA. Respiratory supercomplexes and the functional segmentation of the CoQ pool. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:5-13. [PMID: 27105951 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evidence accumulated during the last fifteen years on the existence of respiratory supercomplexes and their proposed functional implications has changed our understanding of the OXPHOS system complexity and regulation. The plasticity model is a point of encounter accounting for the apparently contradictory experimental observations claimed to support either the solid or the fluid models. It allows the explanation of previous observations such as the dependence between respiratory complexes, supercomplex assembly dynamics or the existence of different functional ubiquinone pools. With the general acceptation of respiratory supercomplexes as true entities, this review evaluates the supporting evidences in favor or against the existence of different ubiquinone pools and the relationship between supercomplexes, ROS production and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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18
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Machado AK, Pan AY, da Silva TM, Duong A, Andreazza AC. Upstream Pathways Controlling Mitochondrial Function in Major Psychosis: A Focus on Bipolar Disorder. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2016; 61:446-56. [PMID: 27310240 PMCID: PMC4959649 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716648297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and may be a central feature of psychosis. These illnesses are complex and heterogeneous, which is reflected by the complexity of the processes regulating mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are typically associated with energy production; however, dysfunction of mitochondria affects not only energy production but also vital cellular processes, including the formation of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle and survival, intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and neurotransmission. In this review, we characterize the upstream components controlling mitochondrial function, including 1) mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 2) mitochondrial dynamics, and 3) intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Characterizing and understanding the upstream factors that regulate mitochondrial function is essential to understand progression of these illnesses and develop biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alencar Kolinski Machado
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Both authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Alexander Yongshuai Pan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Both authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Tatiane Morgana da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario
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19
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Zhao L, Tang M, Hu Z, Yan B, Pi W, Li Z, Zhang J, Zhang L, Jiang W, Li G, Qiu Y, Hu F, Liu F, Lu J, Chen X, Xiao L, Xu Z, Tao Y, Yang L, Bode AM, Dong Z, Zhou J, Fan J, Sun L, Cao Y. miR-504 mediated down-regulation of nuclear respiratory factor 1 leads to radio-resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26201446 PMCID: PMC4599252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the various processes of DNA damage repair and play crucial roles in regulating response of tumors to radiation therapy. Here, we used nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radio-resistant cell lines as models and found that the expression of miR-504 was significantly up-regulated. In contrast, the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and other mitochondrial metabolism factors, including mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex III were down-regulated in these cell lines. At the same time, the Seahorse cell mitochondrial stress test results indicated that the mitochondrial respiratory capacity was impaired in NPC radio-resistant cell lines and in a miR-504 over-expressing cell line. We also conducted dual luciferase reporter assays and verified that miR-504 could directly target NRF1. Additionally, miR-504 could down-regulate the expression of TFAM and OXPHOS complexes I, III, and IV and impaired the mitochondrial respiratory function of NPC cells. Furthermore, serum from NPC patients showed that miR-504 was up-regulated during different weeks of radiotherapy and correlated with tumor, lymph nodes and metastasis (TNM) stages and total tumor volume. The radio-therapeutic effect at three months after radiotherapy was evaluated. Results indicated that patients with high expression of miR-504 exhibited a relatively lower therapeutic effect ratio of complete response (CR), but a higher ratio of partial response (PR), compared to patients with low expression of miR-504. Taken together, these results demonstrated that miR-504 affected the radio-resistance of NPC by down-regulating the expression of NRF1 and disturbing mitochondrial respiratory function. Thus, miR-504 might become a promising biomarker of NPC radio-resistance and targeting miR-504 might improve tumor radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheyu Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Pi
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wuzhong Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanzheng Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Metabolism Endocrinology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Metabolism Endocrinology Research Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingchen Lu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanbo Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Live Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Live Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Ministry of Health, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the existence of superassemblies between mitochondrial respiratory complexes, such superassemblies have been the object of a passionate debate. It is accepted that respiratory supercomplexes are structures that occur in vivo, although which superstructures are naturally occurring and what could be their functional role remain open questions. The main difficulty is to make compatible the existence of superassemblies with the corpus of data that drove the field to abandon the early understanding of the physical arrangement of the mitochondrial respiratory chain as a compact physical entity (the solid model). This review provides a nonexhaustive overview of the evolution of our understanding of the structural organization of the electron transport chain from the original idea of a compact organization to a view of freely moving complexes connected by electron carriers. Today supercomplexes are viewed not as a revival of the old solid model but rather as a refined revision of the fluid model, which incorporates a new layer of structural and functional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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21
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Abstract
The ultrastructure of the cardiac myocyte is remarkable for the high density of mitochondria tightly packed between sarcomeres. This structural organization is designed to provide energy in the form of ATP to fuel normal pump function of the heart. A complex system comprised of regulatory factors and energy metabolic machinery, encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, is required for the coordinate control of cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis, maturation, and high-capacity function. This process involves the action of a transcriptional regulatory network that builds and maintains the mitochondrial genome and drives the expression of the energy transduction machinery. This finely tuned system is responsive to developmental and physiological cues, as well as changes in fuel substrate availability. Deficiency of components critical for mitochondrial energy production frequently manifests as a cardiomyopathic phenotype, underscoring the requirement to maintain high respiration rates in the heart. Although a precise causative role is not clear, there is increasing evidence that perturbations in this regulatory system occur in the hypertrophied and failing heart. This review summarizes current knowledge and highlights recent advances in our understanding of the transcriptional regulatory factors and signaling networks that serve to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick B Vega
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Cardiovascular Pathobiology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Julie L Horton
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Cardiovascular Pathobiology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Cardiovascular Pathobiology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL.
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22
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Palleja A, Jensen LJ. HOODS: finding context-specific neighborhoods of proteins, chemicals and diseases. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1057. [PMID: 26157625 PMCID: PMC4493695 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering algorithms are often used to find groups relevant in a specific context; however, they are not informed about this context. We present a simple algorithm, HOODS, which identifies context-specific neighborhoods of entities from a similarity matrix and a list of entities specifying the context. We illustrate its applicability by finding disease-specific neighborhoods of functionally associated proteins, kinase-specific neighborhoods of structurally similar inhibitors, and physiological-system-specific neighborhoods of interconnected diseases. HOODS can be used via a simple interface at http://hoods.jensenlab.org, from where the source code can also be downloaded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Palleja
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen N , Denmark ; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Lars J Jensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen N , Denmark
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23
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Mechanisms and physiological impact of the dual localization of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:952-8. [PMID: 25109985 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells developed diverse mechanisms to guide proteins to more than one destination within the cell. Recently, the proteome of the IMS (intermembrane space) of mitochondria of yeast cells was identified showing that approximately 20% of all soluble IMS proteins are dually localized to the IMS, as well as to other cellular compartments. Half of these dually localized proteins are important for oxidative stress defence and the other half are involved in energy homoeostasis. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms leading to the dual localization of IMS proteins and the implications for mitochondrial function.
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24
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Torraco A, Peralta S, Iommarini L, Diaz F. Mitochondrial Diseases Part I: mouse models of OXPHOS deficiencies caused by defects in respiratory complex subunits or assembly factors. Mitochondrion 2015; 21:76-91. [PMID: 25660179 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are the most common inborn errors of metabolism affecting the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Because of the poor knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms, a cure for these disorders is still unavailable and all the treatments currently in use are supportive more than curative. Therefore, in the past decade a great variety of mouse models have been developed to assess the in vivo function of several mitochondrial proteins involved in human diseases. Due to the genetic and physiological similarity to humans, mice represent reliable models to study the pathogenic mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders and are precious to test new therapeutic approaches. Here we summarize the features of several mouse models of mitochondrial diseases directly related to defects in subunits of the OXPHOS complexes or in assembly factors. We discuss how these models recapitulate many human conditions and how they have contributed to the understanding of mitochondrial function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Torraco
- Unit for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15-00146 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susana Peralta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Luisa Iommarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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25
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Van Vranken JG, Na U, Winge DR, Rutter J. Protein-mediated assembly of succinate dehydrogenase and its cofactors. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 50:168-80. [PMID: 25488574 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2014.990556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (or complex II; SDH) is a heterotetrameric protein complex that links the tribarboxylic acid cycle with the electron transport chain. SDH is composed of four nuclear-encoded subunits that must translocate independently to the mitochondria and assemble into a mature protein complex embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Recently, it has become clear that failure to assemble functional SDH complexes can result in cancer and neurodegenerative syndromes. The effort to thoroughly elucidate the SDH assembly pathway has resulted in the discovery of four subunit-specific assembly factors that aid in the maturation of individual subunits and support the assembly of the intact complex. This review will focus on these assembly factors and assess the contribution of each factor to the assembly of SDH. Finally, we propose a model of the SDH assembly pathway that incorporates all extant data.
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26
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Van Vranken JG, Bricker DK, Dephoure N, Gygi SP, Cox JE, Thummel CS, Rutter J. SDHAF4 promotes mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity and prevents neurodegeneration. Cell Metab 2014; 20:241-52. [PMID: 24954416 PMCID: PMC4126880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) occupies a central place in cellular energy production, linking the tricarboxylic cycle with the electron transport chain. As a result, a subset of cancers and neuromuscular disorders result from mutations affecting any of the four SDH structural subunits or either of two known SDH assembly factors. Herein we characterize an evolutionarily conserved SDH assembly factor designated Sdh8/SDHAF4, using yeast, Drosophila, and mammalian cells. Sdh8 interacts specifically with the catalytic Sdh1 subunit in the mitochondrial matrix, facilitating its association with Sdh2 and the subsequent assembly of the SDH holocomplex. These roles for Sdh8 are critical for preventing motility defects and neurodegeneration in Drosophila as well as the excess ROS generated by free Sdh1. These studies provide insights into the mechanisms by which SDH is assembled and raise the possibility that some forms of neuromuscular disease may be associated with mutations that affect this SDH assembly factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Van Vranken
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel K Bricker
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Noah Dephoure
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Metabolomics Core Research Facility, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Carl S Thummel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Jared Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Hur JH, Stork DA, Walker DW. Complex-I-ty in aging. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:329-35. [PMID: 24961226 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of mitochondrial complex I in aging has been studied in both C. elegans and Drosophila, where RNAi knock down of specific complex I subunits has been shown to extend lifespan. More recently, studies in Drosophila have shown that an increase in mitochondrial activity, including complex I-like activity, can also slow aging. In this review, we discuss this apparent paradox. Improved maintenance of mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial homeostasis, may be responsible for lifespan extension in both cases. Decreased electron transport chain activity caused by reducing complex I subunit expression prompts an increase in stress response signaling that leads to enhanced mitochondrial homeostasis during aging. Increased complex I activity, as well as mitochondrial biogenesis, is expected to both directly counteract the decline in mitochondrial health that occurs during aging and may also increase cellular NAD(+) levels, which have been linked to mitochondrial homeostatic mechanisms through activation of sirtuins. We suggest that manipulations that increase or decrease complex I activity both converge on improved mitochondrial homeostasis during aging, resulting in prolonged lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae H Hur
- Department of Biology, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA,
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Gene expression profiling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94069. [PMID: 24705504 PMCID: PMC3976380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most frequent progressive autosomal recessive disorder associated with unstable expansion of GAA trinucleotide repeats in the first intron of the FXN gene, which encodes for the mitochondrial frataxin protein. The number of repeats correlates with disease severity, where impaired transcription of the FXN gene results in reduced expression of the frataxin protein. Gene expression studies provide insights into disease pathogenicity and identify potential biomarkers, an important goal of translational research in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, using real-time PCR (RT-PCR), the expression profiles of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes that encode for the mitochondrial subunits of respiratory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex I in the blood panels of 21 FRDA patients and 24 healthy controls were investigated. Here, the expression pattern of mtDNA-encoded complex I subunits was distinctly different from the expression pattern of nDNA-encoded complex I subunits, where significant (p<0.05) down-regulation of the mitochondrial ND2, ND4L, and ND6 complex I genes, compared to controls, were observed. In addition, the expression pattern of one nDNA-encoded gene, NDUFA1, was significantly (p<0.05) down-regulated compared to control. These findings suggest, for the first time, that the regulation of complex I subunit expression in FRDA is complex, rather than merely being a reflection of global co-regulation, and may provide important clues toward novel therapeutic strategies for FRDA and mitochondrial complex I deficiency.
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Kozjak-Pavlovic V, Prell F, Thiede B, Götz M, Wosiek D, Ott C, Rudel T. C1orf163/RESA1 Is a Novel Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space Protein Connected to Respiratory Chain Assembly. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:908-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Peralta S, Torraco A, Wenz T, Garcia S, Diaz F, Moraes CT. Partial complex I deficiency due to the CNS conditional ablation of Ndufa5 results in a mild chronic encephalopathy but no increase in oxidative damage. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1399-412. [PMID: 24154540 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in the complex I (CI; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase) of the respiratory chain are frequent causes of mitochondrial diseases and have been associated with other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. The NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 (NDUFA5) is a nuclear-encoded structural subunit of CI, located in the peripheral arm. We inactivated Ndufa5 in mice by the gene-trap methodology and found that this protein is required for embryonic survival. Therefore, we have created a conditional Ndufa5 knockout (KO) allele by introducing a rescuing Ndufa5 cDNA transgene flanked by loxP sites, which was selectively ablated in neurons by the CaMKIIα-Cre. At the age of 11 months, mice with a central nervous system knockout of Ndufa5 (Ndufa5 CNS-KO) showed lethargy and loss of motor skills. In these mice cortices, the levels of NDUFA5 protein were reduced to 25% of controls. Fully assembled CI levels were also greatly reduced in cortex and CI activity in homogenates was reduced to 60% of controls. Despite the biochemical phenotype, no oxidative damage, neuronal death or gliosis were detected in the Ndufa5 CNS-KO brain at this age. These results showed that a partial defect in CI in neurons can lead to late-onset motor phenotypes without neuronal loss or oxidative damage.
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31
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Ye L, Widlund AL, Sims CA, Lamming DW, Guan Y, Davis JG, Sabatini DM, Harrison DE, Vang O, Baur JA. Rapamycin doses sufficient to extend lifespan do not compromise muscle mitochondrial content or endurance. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:539-50. [PMID: 23929887 PMCID: PMC3765582 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin extends lifespan in mice, but can have a number of undesirable effects that may ultimately limit its utility in humans. The canonical target of rapamycin, and the one thought to account for its effects on lifespan, is the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin, complex 1 (mTORC1). We have previously shown that at least some of the detrimental side effects of rapamycin are due to "off target" disruption of mTORC2, suggesting they could be avoided by more specific targeting of mTORC1. However, mTORC1 inhibitionper se can reduce the mRNA expression of mitochondrial genes and compromise the function of mitochondria in cultured muscle cells, implying that defects in bioenergetics might be an unavoidable consequence of targeting mTORC1 in vivo. Therefore, we tested whether rapamycin, at the same doses used to extend lifespan, affects mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. While mitochondrial transcripts were decreased, particularly in the highly oxidative soleus muscle, we found no consistent change in mitochondrial DNA or protein levels. In agreement with the lack of change in mitochondrial components, rapamycin-treated mice had endurance equivalent to that of untreated controls, and isolated, permeabilized muscle fibers displayed similar rates of oxygen consumption. We conclude that the doses of rapamycin required to extend life do not cause overt mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Wessels HJCT, Vogel RO, Lightowlers RN, Spelbrink JN, Rodenburg RJ, van den Heuvel LP, van Gool AJ, Gloerich J, Smeitink JAM, Nijtmans LG. Analysis of 953 human proteins from a mitochondrial HEK293 fraction by complexome profiling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68340. [PMID: 23935861 PMCID: PMC3720734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexome profiling is a novel technique which uses shotgun proteomics to establish protein migration profiles from fractionated blue native electrophoresis gels. Here we present a dataset of blue native electrophoresis migration profiles for 953 proteins by complexome profiling. By analysis of mitochondrial ribosomal complexes we demonstrate its potential to verify putative protein-protein interactions identified by affinity purification – mass spectrometry studies. Protein complexes were extracted in their native state from a HEK293 mitochondrial fraction and separated by blue native gel electrophoresis. Gel lanes were cut into gel slices of even size and analyzed by shotgun proteomics. Subsequently, the acquired protein migration profiles were analyzed for co-migration via hierarchical cluster analysis. This dataset holds great promise as a comprehensive resource for de novo identification of protein-protein interactions or to underpin and prioritize candidate protein interactions from other studies. To demonstrate the potential use of our dataset we focussed on the mitochondrial translation machinery. Our results show that mitoribosomal complexes can be analyzed by blue native gel electrophoresis, as at least four distinct complexes. Analysis of these complexes confirmed that 24 proteins that had previously been reported to co-purify with mitoribosomes indeed co-migrated with subunits of the mitochondrial ribosome. Co-migration of several proteins involved in biogenesis of inner mitochondrial membrane complexes together with mitoribosomal complexes suggested the possibility of co-translational assembly in human cells. Our data also highlighted a putative ribonucleotide complex that potentially contains MRPL10, MRPL12 and MRPL53 together with LRPPRC and SLIRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J C T Wessels
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Genetic Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Luo LF, Hou CC, Yang WX. Nuclear factors: roles related to mitochondrial deafness. Gene 2013; 520:79-89. [PMID: 23510774 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is a common disorder with mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the major causes leading to deafness. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be caused by either mutations in nuclear genes leading to defective nuclear-encoded proteins or mutations in mitochondrial genes leading to defective mitochondrial-encoded products. The specific nuclear genes involved in HL can be classified into two categories depending on whether mitochondrial gene mutations co-exist (modifier genes) or not (deafness-causing genes). TFB1M, MTO1, GTPBP3, and TRMU are modifier genes. A mutation in any of these modifier genes may lead to a deafness phenotype when accompanied by the mitochondrial gene mutation. OPA1, TIMM8A, SMAC/DIABLO, MPV17, PDSS1, BCS1L, SUCLA2, C10ORF2, COX10, PLOG1and RRM2B are deafness-causing genes. A mutation in any of these deafness-causing genes will directly induce variable phenotypic HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Luo
- Institute of Cell and Developmental Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Cho J, Hur JH, Graniel J, Benzer S, Walker DW. Expression of yeast NDI1 rescues a Drosophila complex I assembly defect. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50644. [PMID: 23226344 PMCID: PMC3511326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function have been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and aging. Mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) is the largest and most complicated enzyme of the ETC with 45 subunits originating from two separate genomes. The biogenesis of complex I is an intricate process that requires multiple steps, subassemblies, and assembly factors. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a Drosophila model of complex I assembly factor deficiency. We show that CG7598 (dCIA30), the Drosophila homolog of human complex I assembly factor Ndufaf1, is necessary for proper complex I assembly. Reduced expression of dCIA30 results in the loss of the complex I holoenzyme band in blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and loss of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity in isolated mitochondria. The complex I assembly defect, caused by mutation or RNAi of dCIA30, has repercussions both during development and adulthood in Drosophila, including developmental arrest at the pupal stage and reduced stress resistance during adulthood. Expression of the single-subunit yeast alternative NADH dehydrogenase, Ndi1, can partially or wholly rescue phenotypes associated with the complex I assembly defect. Our work shows that CG7598/dCIA30 is a functional homolog of Ndufaf1 and adds to the accumulating evidence that transgenic NDI1 expression is a viable therapy for disorders arising from complex I deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyoung Cho
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Jae H. Hur
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Graniel
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Seymour Benzer
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - David W. Walker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Vögtle FN, Burkhart JM, Rao S, Gerbeth C, Hinrichs J, Martinou JC, Chacinska A, Sickmann A, Zahedi RP, Meisinger C. Intermembrane space proteome of yeast mitochondria. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1840-52. [PMID: 22984289 PMCID: PMC3518125 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.021105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermembrane space (IMS) represents the smallest subcompartment of mitochondria. Nevertheless, it plays important roles in the transport and modification of proteins, lipids, and metal ions and in the regulation and assembly of the respiratory chain complexes. Moreover, it is involved in many redox processes and coordinates key steps in programmed cell death. A comprehensive profiling of IMS proteins has not been performed so far. We have established a method that uses the proapoptotic protein Bax to release IMS proteins from isolated mitochondria, and we profiled the protein composition of this compartment. Using stable isotope-labeled mitochondria from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we were able to measure specific Bax-dependent protein release and distinguish between quantitatively released IMS proteins and the background efflux of matrix proteins. From the known 31 soluble IMS proteins, 29 proteins were reproducibly identified, corresponding to a coverage of >90%. In addition, we found 20 novel intermembrane space proteins, out of which 10 had not been localized to mitochondria before. Many of these novel IMS proteins have unknown functions or have been reported to play a role in redox regulation. We confirmed IMS localization for 15 proteins using in organello import, protease accessibility upon osmotic swelling, and Bax-release assays. Moreover, we identified two novel mitochondrial proteins, Ymr244c-a (Coa6) and Ybl107c (Mic23), as substrates of the MIA import pathway that have unusual cysteine motifs and found the protein phosphatase Ptc5 to be a novel substrate of the inner membrane protease (IMP). For Coa6 we discovered a role as a novel assembly factor of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. We present here the first and comprehensive proteome of IMS proteins of yeast mitochondria with 51 proteins in total. The IMS proteome will serve as a valuable source for further studies on the role of the IMS in cell life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-Nora Vögtle
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Diaz F, Garcia S, Padgett KR, Moraes CT. A defect in the mitochondrial complex III, but not complex IV, triggers early ROS-dependent damage in defined brain regions. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:5066-77. [PMID: 22914734 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have created two neuron-specific mouse models of mitochondrial electron transport chain deficiencies involving defects in complex III (CIII) or complex IV (CIV). These conditional knockouts (cKOs) were created by ablation of the genes coding for the Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) and COX10, respectively. RISP is one of the catalytic subunits of CIII and COX10 is an assembly factor indispensable for the maturation of Cox1, one of the catalytic subunits of CIV. Although the rates of gene deletion, protein loss and complex dysfunction were similar, the RISP cKO survived 3.5 months of age, whereas the COX10 cKO survived for 10-12 months. The RISP cKO had a sudden death, with minimal behavioral changes. In contrast, the COX10 cKO showed a distinctive behavioral phenotype with onset at 4 months of age followed by a slower but progressive neurodegeneration. Curiously, the piriform and somatosensory cortices were more vulnerable to the CIII defect whereas cingulate cortex and to a less extent piriform cortex were affected preferentially by the CIV defect. In addition, the CIII model showed severe and early reactive oxygen species damage, a feature not observed until very late in the pathology of the CIV model. These findings illustrate how specific respiratory chain defects have distinct molecular mechanisms, leading to distinct pathologies, akin to the clinical heterogeneity observed in patients with mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Kotarsky H, Keller M, Davoudi M, Levéen P, Karikoski R, Enot DP, Fellman V. Metabolite profiles reveal energy failure and impaired beta-oxidation in liver of mice with complex III deficiency due to a BCS1L mutation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41156. [PMID: 22829922 PMCID: PMC3400604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Liver is a target organ in many mitochondrial disorders, especially if the complex III assembly factor BCS1L is mutated. To reveal disease mechanism due to such mutations, we have produced a transgenic mouse model with c.232A>G mutation in Bcs1l, the causative mutation for GRACILE syndrome. The homozygous mice develop mitochondrial hepatopathy with steatosis and fibrosis after weaning. Our aim was to assess cellular mechanisms for disease onset and progression using metabolomics. Methods With mass spectrometry we analyzed metabolite patterns in liver samples obtained from homozygotes and littermate controls of three ages. As oxidative stress might be a mechanism for mitochondrial hepatopathy, we also assessed H2O2 production and expression of antioxidants. Results Homozygotes had a similar metabolic profile at 14 days of age as controls, with the exception of slightly decreased AMP. At 24 days, when hepatocytes display first histopathological signs, increases in succinate, fumarate and AMP were found associated with impaired glucose turnover and beta-oxidation. At end stage disease after 30 days, these changes were pronounced with decreased carbohydrates, high levels of acylcarnitines and amino acids, and elevated biogenic amines, especially putrescine. Signs of oxidative stress were present in end-stage disease. Conclusions The findings suggest an early Krebs cycle defect with increases of its intermediates, which might play a role in disease onset. During disease progression, carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism deteriorate leading to a starvation-like condition. The mouse model is valuable for further investigations on mechanisms in mitochondrial hepatopathy and for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Kotarsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matthias Keller
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Mina Davoudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Levéen
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Riitta Karikoski
- Central Pathology Laboratory, Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David P. Enot
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Compensatory upregulation of respiratory chain complexes III and IV in isolated deficiency of ATP synthase due to TMEM70 mutation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1037-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Mitochondria perform diverse yet interconnected functions, producing ATP and many biosynthetic intermediates while also contributing to cellular stress responses such as autophagy and apoptosis. Mitochondria form a dynamic, interconnected network that is intimately integrated with other cellular compartments. In addition, mitochondrial functions extend beyond the boundaries of the cell and influence an organism's physiology by regulating communication between cells and tissues. It is therefore not surprising that mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a key factor in a myriad of diseases, including neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. We provide a current view of how mitochondrial functions impinge on health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Nunnari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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van den Ecker D, van den Brand MA, Ariaans G, Hoffmann M, Bossinger O, Mayatepek E, Nijtmans LG, Distelmaier F. Identification and functional analysis of mitochondrial complex I assembly factor homologues in C. elegans. Mitochondrion 2012; 12:399-405. [PMID: 22387847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) requires several assembly chaperones. These so-called complex I assembly factors have emerged as a new class of human disease genes. Here, we identified putative assembly factor homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that two candidates (C50B8.3/NUAF-1, homologue of NDUFAF1 and R07H5.3/NUAF-3, homologue of NDUFAF3) clearly affect complex I function. Assembly factor deficient worms were shorter, showed a diminished brood size and displayed reduced fat content. Our results suggest that mitochondrial complex I biogenesis is evolutionarily conserved. Moreover, Caenorhabditis elegans appears to be a promising model organism to study assembly factor related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela van den Ecker
- Department of General Pediatrics and Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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