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Mir MM, Alfaifi J, Sohail SK, Rizvi SF, Akhtar MT, Alghamdi MAA, Mir R, Wani JI, Sabah ZU, Alhumaydhi FA, Alremthi F, AlQahtani AAJ, Alharthi MH, Adam MIE, Elfaki I, Sonpol HMA. The Role of Pro-Inflammatory Chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5 in the Etiopathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Subjects from the Asir Region of Saudi Arabia: Correlation with Different Degrees of Obesity. J Pers Med 2024; 14:743. [PMID: 39063997 PMCID: PMC11277753 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a major global health concern, especially in developing nations. The high prevalence of obesity and related diabetes cases are attributed to rapid economic progress, physical inactivity, the consumption of high-calorie foods, and changing lifestyles. OBJECTIVES We investigated the roles of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL1, 2, 4, and 5 in T2DM with varying levels of obesity in the Asir region of Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 170 confirmed T2DM subjects and a normal control group were enrolled. Demographic data, serum levels of CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5, and biochemical indices were assessed in the subjects and control groups by standard procedures. RESULTS T2DM subjects were divided into four groups: A (normal body weight), B (overweight), C (obese), and D (highly obese). We observed that male and female control subjects had similar mean serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. T2DM subjects in all the four groups showed significantly higher levels of all the four chemokines compared to the controls, regardless of gender. In T2DM subjects with obesity and severe obesity, the rise was most significant. There was a progressive rise in the concentrations of CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The increase in CCL5 was more predominant in normal-weight people, compared to overweight and obese T2DM subjects. CONCLUSIONS Male and female control subjects had similar serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, 4, and 5. The progressive rise in blood concentrations of three pro-inflammatory chemokines CCL-1, 2, and 4 in T2DM subjects with increasing BMI supports the idea that dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Serum CCL5 levels increased significantly in all T2DM subject groups. The selective and more pronounced increase in CCL5 in the T2DM group with normal BMI, compared to subjects with varying degrees of obesity, was rather surprising. Further research is needed to determine if CCL5 underexpression in overweight and obese T2DM subjects is due to some unexplained counterbalancing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Muzaffar Mir
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Jaber Alfaifi
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahzada Khalid Sohail
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Syeda Fatima Rizvi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
| | - Md Tanwir Akhtar
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 93499, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mushabab Ayed Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.A.); (A.A.J.A.)
| | - Rashid Mir
- Prince Fahd Bin Sultan Research Chair, Department of MLT, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Iqbal Wani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (J.I.W.); (Z.U.S.)
| | - Zia Ul Sabah
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (J.I.W.); (Z.U.S.)
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad Alremthi
- Diabetes and Endocrine Center, King Abdullah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | - AbdulElah Al Jarallah AlQahtani
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.A.); (A.A.J.A.)
| | - Muffarah Hamid Alharthi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Imadeldin Elfaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hany M. A. Sonpol
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; (S.K.S.); (S.F.R.); (H.M.A.S.)
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Zajac KK, Malla S, Babu RJ, Raman D, Tiwari AK. Ethnic disparities in the immune microenvironment of triple negative breast cancer and its role in therapeutic outcomes. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6 Suppl 1:e1779. [PMID: 36632988 PMCID: PMC10440847 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) cases surpassed that of lung cancer among women, making it the most common female cancer globally. In spite of recent increases in incidence rates, mortality due to BC has declined since 1989. These declines have been attributed to advancements in treatment modalities as well as increased mammography surveillance. Despite these advances, African American (AA) women are 40% more likely to die from BC than Caucasian women. Multifactorial etiology has been implicated in the disparity of BC mortality rates among AA women. As an example, AA women have a disproportionate incidence of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has a poor prognosis and marginal treatment options. Increasingly, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained relevance as it relates to primary tumor progression, metastasis and treatment possibilities. The treatment outcomes or pathological complete response (pCR) in TNBC among AA women are affected by differences in TME. The TME of AA women exhibit several variances in acellular and cellular components associated with pro-tumorigenic effects. For example, increased levels of the adipocyte-related hormone, resistin, the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, and the CC chemokine, CCL2, within the TME of AA women gives rise to an increased density of M2 macrophages, also known as tumor-associated macrophages. Elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in the TME of AA women increase the vascular density or vascularity, which facilitate aggressive tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, a pro-tumorigenic TME is supported by increased levels of the CXC chemokine, CXCL12 that results in the recruitment of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs ). Due to these and other differences in the TME of AA women, precision oncology can target specific aspects of the TME that may contribute to a poorer prognosis. In addition to the discrepancies in the TME, AA women face socio-economic barriers that limit their ability to access state-of-the-art, novel therapies against metastatic TNBC. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the tumor immune microenvironment, immune-based treatment options for TNBC and their potential to decrease health disparities due to ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsee K. Zajac
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - Ramapuram Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of PharmacyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Dayanidhi Raman
- Department of Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Toledo Health Science CampusToledoOhioUSA
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
- Department of Cell and Cancer BiologyUniversity of Toledo Health Science CampusToledoOhioUSA
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Ullah A, Ud Din A, Ding W, Shi Z, Pervaz S, Shen B. A narrative review: CXC chemokines influence immune surveillance in obesity and obesity-related diseases: Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:611-631. [PMID: 37000372 PMCID: PMC10063956 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue develops lipids, aberrant adipokines, chemokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokines as a consequence of the low-grade systemic inflammation that characterizes obesity. This low-grade systemic inflammation can lead to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the CXC chemokines consists of numerous regulators of inflammation, cellular function, and cellular migration, it is still unknown that how CXC chemokines and chemokine receptors contribute to the development of metabolic diseases (such as T2D and NAFLD) during obesity. In light of recent research, the objective of this review is to provide an update on the linkage between the CXC chemokine, obesity, and obesity-related metabolic diseases (T2D and NAFLD). We explore the differential migratory and immunomodulatory potential of CXC chemokines and their mechanisms of action to better understand their role in clinical and laboratory contexts. Besides that, because CXC chemokine profiling is strongly linked to leukocyte recruitment, macrophage recruitment, and immunomodulatory potential, we hypothesize that it could be used to predict the therapeutic potential for obesity and obesity-related diseases (T2D and NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ullah
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated hospital, Chengdu University, 610106, Chengdu, China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Kroll KW, Woolley G, Terry K, Premeaux TA, Shikuma CM, Corley MJ, Bowler S, Ndhlovu LC, Reeves RK. Multiplex Analysis of Cytokines and Chemokines in Persons Aging With or Without HIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2023; 39:367-380. [PMID: 37097212 PMCID: PMC11074629 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are living longer lives due to modern cART advances and increased routine medical care. The full landscape of aging with HIV is unclear; given that HIV emerged relatively recently in human history and initially had a high mortality rate, there has not been a substantially aged population to evaluate. In this study, we set out to perform high-throughput plasma analyte profiling by multiplex analysis, focusing on various T helper (Th)-related cytokines, chemokines, and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The primary goals being to provide reference ranges of these analytes for aging PWH cohorts, as well as testing the utility of high-throughput multiplex plasma assays. The cohort used in this study comprised age-matched healthy donors (32.6-73.5 years of age), PWH on cART (26.7-60.2 years of age), and viremic PWH (27.5-59.4 years of age). The patients in each group were then stratified across the age span to examine age-related impacts of these plasma biomarkers. Our results largely indicate feasibility of plasma analyte monitoring by multiplex and demonstrate a high degree of person-to-person variability regardless of age and HIV status. Nonetheless, we find multiple associations with age, duration of known infection, and viral load, all of which appear to be driven by either prolonged HIV disease progression or long-term use of cART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W. Kroll
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Griffin Woolley
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen Terry
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas A. Premeaux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Corley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Scott Bowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Sanches MD, Goldberg TBL, Rizzo ADCB, da Silva VN, Mosca LN, Romagnoli GG, Gorgulho CM, Araujo Junior JP, de Lima GR, Betti IR, Kurokawa CS. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in obese adolescents with antibody against to adenovirus 36. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9918. [PMID: 37336969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in adolescents has reached epidemic proportions and is associated with the inflammatory response and viral infections. The aim of this study was to understand the profile of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with the inflammatory response and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents with positive serology for adenovirus 36 (ADV36). Thirty-six overweight, 36 obese, and 25 severe obesity adolescents aged 10 to 16 years were included in the study. The following variables were analyzed: sex, age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, glucose, serum cytokine concentrations, and ADV36 antibodies. Cytokines and chemokines were quantified by cytometry and ADV36 serology was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed higher levels of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10 and of the chemokine interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) in severe obesity adolescents compared to the obese and overweight groups, as well as in the group with MetS compared to the group without this syndrome. The frequency of ADV36-positive individuals did not differ between groups. The findings revealed differences in BMI between the obese and severe obesity groups versus the overweight group in the presence of positivity for ADV36, suggesting an association with weight gain and possibly MetS installation.
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Alhetheel A, Albarrag A, Shakoor Z, Somily A, Barry M, Altalhi H, Bakhrebah M, Nassar M, Alfageeh M, Assiri A, Alfaraj S, Memish Z. Chemokine Levels among Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1048. [PMID: 37376437 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to intense pulmonary inflammation. Enhanced chemokine-mediated leukocyte infiltration in lungs has been linked with unfavorable outcomes with respect to the disease. This cross-sectional study assessed the levels of chemokines among 46 MERS-CoV-infected patients (19 asymptomatic and 27 symptomatic) and 52 healthy controls using a customized Luminex human chemokine magnetic multiplex panel. The plasma levels of interferon-inducible protein (IP)-10 (568.5 ± 114.7 vs. 55.19 ± 5.85 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha (MIP-1A) (30.78 ± 2.81 vs. 18.16 ± 0.91 pg/mL; p < 0.0001), MIP-1B (36.63 ± 4.25 vs. 25.26 ± 1.51 pg/mL; p < 0.003), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (1267 ± 309.5 vs. 390.0 ± 35.51 pg/mL; p < 0.0002), and monokine-induced gamma interferon (MIG) (28.96 ± 3.93 vs. 16.29 ± 1.69 pg/mL; p < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-8 (147.9 ± 21.57 vs. 84.63 ± 10.62 pg/mL; p < 0.004) were significantly higher in symptomatic patients than healthy controls. Likewise, the levels of IP-10 (247.6 ± 80.09 vs. 55.19 ± 5.85 pg/mL; p < 0.0002) and MCP-1 (650.7 ± 149 pg/mL vs. 390 ± 35.51 pg/mL; p < 0.02) were also significantly higher in asymptomatic patients compared to healthy controls. However, no differences were observed in the plasma levels of MIP-1A, MIP-1B, MIG, and IL-8 between asymptomatic patients and uninfected controls. Conversely, the mean plasma levels of regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (3039 ± 301.0 vs. 4390 ± 223 pg/mL; p < 0.001) and eotaxin (176.9 ± 30.20 vs. 296.2 ± 28.11 pg/mL; p < 0.01) were significantly lower in symptomatic MERS-CoV-infected patients compared to healthy controls. Likewise, the levels of eotaxin (162.7 ± 21.60 vs. 296.2 ± 28.11 pg/mL; p < 0.01) were also significantly lower in asymptomatic patients. Interestingly, the level of MCP-1 (2139 ± 548.2 vs. 776.5 ± 165.3 pg/mL; p < 0.004) was significantly higher in deceased symptomatic patients compared to recovered symptomatic patients. MCP-1 was the only chemokine associated with a higher risk of mortality. Symptomatic MERS-CoV-infected patients had a significant elevation of plasma chemokines and elevated MCP-1 levels were found to be associated with fatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarim Alhetheel
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Albarrag
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shakoor
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Somily
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin Barry
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Haifa Altalhi
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Bakhrebah
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Nassar
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Alfageeh
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed Assiri
- Critical Care Unit, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11553, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Alfaraj
- Corona Center, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11553, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad Memish
- Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11553, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11553, Saudi Arabia
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Alaamri S, Serafi AS, Hussain Z, Alrooqi MM, Bafail MA, Sohail S. Blood Pressure Correlates with Serum Leptin and Body Mass Index in Overweight Male Saudi Students. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050828. [PMID: 37240998 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise association of serum leptin (Lep) with the body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) is not well known for understanding their involvement in health and disease. Hence, the present study was conducted to investigate the association of BP, BMI and serum Lep levels in young normal-weight (NW) and overweight (OW) male Saudi students. The NW (n: 198) and OW (n: 192) male subjects in the age range of 18-20 years were consulted. The BP was measured with a mercury sphygmomanometer. Leptin Human ELISA Kits were employed for the determination of the serum Lep levels. The mean ± SD values of BMI (kg/m2), Lep (ng/mL), systolic BP (SBP; mmHg), and diastolic BP (DBP; mmHg) all showed significant differences for young OW vs. NW subjects as: 27.52 ± 1.42 vs. 21.49 ± 2.03; 10.70 ± 4.67 vs. 4.68 ± 1.91; 121.37 ± 2.59 vs. 118.51 ± 1.54 and 81.44 ± 1.97 vs. 78.79 ± 1.44, respectively. All associations (among BMI, Lep, SBP and DBP) showed a positive linear and significant correlation, except the nonsignificant correlation of BMI and SBP for the NW group. Other variables showing significant variation for NW vs. OW subjects were: interleukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, apelin (APLN) and resistin. Serum APLN correlated significantly with Lep, BMI, SBP and DBP in lower and higher levels of BMI, with considerable progressive patterns in both the NW and OW groups and subgroups. The present study in young Saudi male students presents significant variations for BP and serum leptin levels, and a significant positive linear association among serum leptin, BMI and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalan Alaamri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhalim S Serafi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munira M Alrooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Bafail
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumera Sohail
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Omit SBS, Akhter S, Rana HK, Rana ARMMH, Podder NK, Rakib MI, Nobi A. Identification of Comorbidities, Genomic Associations, and Molecular Mechanisms for COVID-19 Using Bioinformatics Approaches. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:6996307. [PMID: 36685671 PMCID: PMC9848821 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6996307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have been done to identify comorbidities of COVID-19. In this work, we developed an analytical bioinformatics framework to reveal COVID-19 comorbidities, their genomic associations, and molecular mechanisms accomplishing transcriptomic analyses of the RNA-seq datasets provided by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, where normal and infected tissues were evaluated. Using the framework, we identified 27 COVID-19 correlated diseases out of 7,092 collected diseases. Analyzing clinical and epidemiological research, we noticed that our identified 27 diseases are associated with COVID-19, where hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and lung cancer are observed several times in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we selected the above four diseases and performed assorted analyses to demonstrate the association between COVID-19 and hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and lung cancer as comorbidities. We investigated genomic associations with the cross-comparative analysis and Jaccard's similarity index, identifying shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and linking DEGs of COVID-19 and the comorbidities, in which we identified hypertension as the most associated illness. We also revealed molecular mechanisms by identifying statistically significant ten pathways and ten ontologies. Moreover, to understand cellular physiology, we did protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses among the comorbidities and COVID-19. We also used the degree centrality method and identified ten biomarker hub proteins (IL1B, CXCL8, FN1, MMP9, CXCL10, IL1A, IRF7, VWF, CXCL9, and ISG15) that associate COVID-19 with the comorbidities. Finally, we validated our findings by searching the published literature. Thus, our analytical approach elicited interconnections between COVID-19 and the aforementioned comorbidities in terms of remarkable DEGs, pathways, ontologies, PPI, and biomarker hub proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudeb Babu Sen Omit
- Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Akhter
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Humayan Kabir Rana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Green University of Bangladesh, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - A. R. M. Mahamudul Hasan Rana
- Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Nitun Kumar Podder
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Islam Rakib
- Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Ashadun Nobi
- Department of Computer Science and Telecommunication Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
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Natesan Pushparaj P, Damiati LA, Denetiu I, Bakhashab S, Asif M, Hussain A, Ahmed S, Hamdard MH, Rasool M. Deciphering SARS CoV-2-associated pathways from RNA sequencing data of COVID-19-infected A549 cells and potential therapeutics using in silico methods. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29554. [PMID: 36107502 PMCID: PMC9439635 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus (CoV) disease (COVID-19) identified in Wuhan, China, in 2019, is mainly characterized by atypical pneumonia and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and is caused by SARS CoV-2, which belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Determining the underlying disease mechanisms is central to the identification and development of COVID-19-specific drugs for effective treatment and prevention of human-to-human transmission, disease complications, and deaths. METHODS Here, next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA Seq) data were obtained using Illumina Next Seq 500 from SARS CoV-infected A549 cells and mock-treated A549 cells from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE147507), and quality control (QC) was assessed before RNA Seq analysis using CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were imported into BioJupies to decipher COVID-19 induced signaling pathways and small molecules derived from chemical synthesis or natural sources to mimic or reverse COVID -19 specific gene signatures. In addition, iPathwayGuide was used to identify COVID-19-specific signaling pathways, as well as drugs and natural products with anti-COVID-19 potential. RESULTS Here, we identified the potential activation of upstream regulators such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2), interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9), and interferon beta (IFNβ), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). COVID-19 infection activated key infectious disease-specific immune-related signaling pathways such as influenza A, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptors, measles, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and IL-17 signaling pathway. Besides, we identified drugs such as prednisolone, methylprednisolone, diclofenac, compound JQ1, and natural products such as Withaferin-A and JinFuKang as candidates for further experimental validation of COVID-19 therapy. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we have used the in silico next-generation knowledge discovery (NGKD) methods to discover COVID-19-associated pathways and specific therapeutics that have the potential to ameliorate the disease pathologies associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
- * Correspondence: Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (e-mail: )
| | | | - Iuliana Denetiu
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Al Sadoun H. Macrophage Phenotypes in Normal and Diabetic Wound Healing and Therapeutic Interventions. Cells 2022; 11:2430. [PMID: 35954275 PMCID: PMC9367932 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage differentiation and polarization are essential players in the success of the wound-healing process. Acute simple wounds progress from inflammation to proliferation/regeneration and, finally, to remodeling. In injured skin, macrophages either reside in the epithelium or are recruited from monocytes. Their main role is supported by their plasticity, which allows them to adopt different phenotypic states, such as the M1-inflammatory state, in which they produce TNF and NO, and the M2-reparative state, in which they resolve inflammation and exhibit a reparative function. Reparative macrophages are an essential source of growth factors such as TGF-β and VEGF and are not found in nonhealing wounds. This review discusses the differences between macrophage phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, how macrophages originate, and how they cross-communicate with other cellular components in a wound. This review also highlights the dysregulation of macrophages that occurs in nonhealing versus overhealing wounds and fibrosis. Then, the therapeutic manipulation of macrophages is presented as an attractive strategy for promoting healing through the secretion of growth factors for angiogenesis, keratinocyte migration, and collagen production. Finally, Hoxa3 overexpression is discussed as an example of the therapeutic repolarization of macrophages to the normal maturation state and phenotype with better healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Al Sadoun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Stem Cell Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Sachan A, Singh A, Shukla S, Aggarwal S, Mir I, Yadav R. An immediate post op and follow up assessment of circulating adipo-cytokines after bariatric surgery in morbid obesity. Metabol Open 2022; 13:100147. [PMID: 34993466 PMCID: PMC8713110 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery has emerged as a promising treatment for improving adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity, but the mechanisms for such amelioration are still not known. This study comprehensively explores a panel of adipo-cytokines in individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, in conjunction with markers of insulin resistance, at three time points i.e., pre-op, immediate post-op and 6 months post-surgery. Methods It is a case-control prospective study among obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery (BMI ≥35 kg/m2, n=30) and non-obese subjects (BMI <25 kg/m2, n=30), comparing the levels of serum adiponectin, resistin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL)-6 and 8, Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α between them. The same were followed at immediate and 6-month post-op periods in the former group. The serum markers were correlated with the markers of Insulin resistance like HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and QUICKI. Results A significant increase in adiponectin was seen after weight loss in obese group (17.54 ± 1.31 μg/mL at baseline vs 68.76 ± 1.84 μg/mL at 6- month post-surgery). CRP being an acute phase protein showed significant higher levels at immediate post-op period but declined even below its baseline at 6 months after surgery (33.34 ± 16.85 μg/mL at baseline vs 59.85 ± 23.12 μg/mL at immediate post-op vs 9.66 ± 1.84 μg/mL at 6 months post-operatively). Few inconsistencies were observed in the trajectories of IL-6 and TNF-α, while other pro-inflammatory markers indicated resolution after surgery. Conclusion Bariatric surgery alleviated the systemic inflammation, correlating with improved insulin resistance in individuals with obesity. What is already known about this subject?There is an altered expression of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in obesity, contributing to a low-grade chronic inflammation, culminating in adipose tissue dysfunction. Bariatric surgery leads to a considerable reduction in the adipose tissue mass which leads in resolution of inflammation, in terms of circulating adipocytokines. The adipokines and cytokine profiles have been investigated pre and post bariatric surgery but inconsistencies have been reported in their serum levels in various studies.
What this study adds?This study takes into account the immediate post-operative serum cytokine profile, which has not been reported in the literature yet. This study reports the significant changes in said parameters, right from the beginning of the post-surgical period, and correlates it with clinical profile of subjects. This further enhances the knowledge about translation of bariatric surgery induced biochemical alterations, into a significant clinical benefit with regard to obesity related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Sachan
- Department of Biochemistry, 3rd Floor, Main Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, 3rd Floor, Main Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sakshi Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, 3rd Floor, Main Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, 1st Floor, CMET, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ishfaq Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, 3rd Floor, Main Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rakhee Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, 3rd Floor, Main Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
- Corresponding author. Room no. 3040, 3rd floor Main Teaching Block, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 29, India.
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The Effects of Sex and Body Weight on Renal Graft Function-The Role of CCL2. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214951. [PMID: 34768469 PMCID: PMC8584442 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are reports on the effects of excessive recipient body weight on renal graft function. Increased CCL2 (chemokine CC-mortif ligand 2) production is observed in patients with excessive body weight. CCL2 also exacerbates the inflammatory process in the renal graft. A total of 49 renal graft recipients of both sexes having undergone renal biopsy within the last 18 months were retrospectively reviewed. At their most recent appointment the patients’ plasma concentrations of CCL2 were evaluated. Renal function was assessed retrospectively. CCL2 concentrations were higher in men than women (p < 0.047), while higher CCL2 levels were associated with a decrease in eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) during the first year post Tx (kidney transplantation). CCL2 negatively correlated with eGFR at 5 years (R = −0.45, p < 0.040997) and positively correlated with the degree of tubular atrophy in renal biopsy specimens (R = 0.43, p < 0.027293) and with systolic pressure. Men showed significantly higher BMI (body mass index) values at the time of Tx and at their last appointment than women did (p < 0.000403; p < 0.000613, respectively). Men showed poorer long-term renal graft function, with significantly lower eGFR values at 4 and 5 years into the post-transplantation period. The male sex and excessive body weight have adverse effects on short- and long-term renal graft function, which is associated with increased levels of CCL2.
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Pushparaj PN, Abdulkareem AA, Naseer MI. Identification of Novel Gene Signatures using Next-Generation Sequencing Data from COVID-19 Infection Models: Focus on Neuro-COVID and Potential Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:688227. [PMID: 34531741 PMCID: PMC8438179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.688227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and belongs to the family Coronaviridae that causes sickness varying from the common cold to more severe illnesses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, sudden stroke, neurological complications (Neuro-COVID), multiple organ failure, and mortality in some patients. The gene expression profiles of COVID-19 infection models can be used to decipher potential therapeutics for COVID-19 and related pathologies, such as Neuro-COVID. Here, we used the raw RNA-seq reads (Single-End) in quadruplicates derived using Illumina Next Seq 500 from SARS-CoV-infected primary human bronchial epithelium (NHBE) and mock-treated NHBE cells obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (GSE147507), and the quality control (QC) was evaluated using the CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0 (Qiagen, United States) before the RNA-seq analysis using BioJupies web tool and iPathwayGuide for gene ontologies (GO), pathways, upstream regulator genes, small molecules, and natural products. Additionally, single-cell transcriptomics data (GSE163005) of meta clusters of immune cells from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), such as T-cells/natural killer cells (NK) (TcMeta), dendritic cells (DCMeta), and monocytes/granulocyte (monoMeta) cell types for comparison, namely, Neuro-COVID versus idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), were analyzed using iPathwayGuide. L1000 fireworks display (L1000FWD) and L1000 characteristic direction signature search engine (L1000 CDS2) web tools were used to uncover the small molecules that could potentially reverse the COVID-19 and Neuro-COVID-associated gene signatures. We uncovered small molecules such as camptothecin, importazole, and withaferin A, which can potentially reverse COVID-19 associated gene signatures. In addition, withaferin A, trichostatin A, narciclasine, camptothecin, and JQ1 have the potential to reverse Neuro-COVID gene signatures. Furthermore, the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) preranked method and Metascape web tool were used to decipher and annotate the gene signatures that were potentially reversed by these small molecules. In conclusion, our study unravels a rapid approach for applying next-generation knowledge discovery (NGKD) platforms to discover small molecules with therapeutic potential against COVID-19 and its related disease pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angham Abdulrahman Abdulkareem
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sachan A, Singh A, Shukla S, Aggarwal S, Mir I, Yadav R. Serum Adipocytokines Levels and Their Association with Insulin Sensitivity in Morbidly Obese Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. J Obes Metab Syndr 2020; 29:303-312. [PMID: 33380577 PMCID: PMC7789018 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obese adipose tissue secretes a variety of adipocytokines that act as metabolic regulators with complex mechanisms. Our objective was to compare serum concentration of a panel of adipocytokines between obese and non-obese individuals and identify any distinct patterns correlating with insulin sensitivity in obesity. Methods We designed a cross-sectional study among obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2, n=62) and non-obese (BMI <25 kg/m2, n=32) individuals to compare circulating levels of the adipokines, such as adiponectin and resistin in conjunction with the measurement of the levels of inflammatory cytokines including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α using Luminex multiplex immunoassay with drop array technology. Correlations between circulating adipocytokine levels and those of multiple well-established markers of insulin resistance including homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were also established. Results CRP, IL-8, MCP-1, and TNF-α levels were higher in obese than non-obese individuals; the CRP and IL-8 differences were statistically significant. CRP correlated significantly with markers of insulin resistance (fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI), and adiponectin correlated with HOMA-β in obese individuals. We divided the group of obese individuals on the basis of HOMA-IR levels into insulin-resistant (IR; HOMA-IR ≥2.5) and insulin-sensitive (IS; HOMA-IR <2.5) groups; and 43 out of 62 participants were IR despite comparable BMIs. An overall proinflammatory profile was compared between IR and IS obese, though the values were higher in IR obese but the difference was not significant. Conclusion Obesity is associated with a general inflammatory milieu and a crosstalk between adipocytokines and insulin resistance is complex as well as multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astha Sachan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Aggarwal
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishfaq Mir
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhee Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Bahlas S, Damiati LA, Al-Hazmi AS, Pushparaj PN. Decoding the Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Asthma and Other Respiratory System Diseases Using Next Generation Knowledge Discovery Platforms Coupled With Luminex Multiple Analyte Profiling Technology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:444. [PMID: 32637407 PMCID: PMC7317666 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic sphingolipid derived by the phosphorylation of sphingosine either by sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) or SPHK2. Importantly, S1P acts through five different types of G-protein coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) in immune cells to elicit inflammation and other immunological processes by enhancing the production of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The airway inflammation in asthma and other respiratory diseases is augmented by the activation of immune cells and the induction of T-helper cell type 2 (Th2)-associated cytokines and chemokines. Therefore, studying the S1P mediated signaling in airway inflammation is crucial to formulate effective treatment and management strategies for asthma and other respiratory diseases. The central aim of this study is to characterize the molecular targets induced through the S1P/S1PR axis and dissect the therapeutic importance of this key axis in asthma, airway inflammation, and other related respiratory diseases. To achieve this, we have adopted both high throughput next-generation knowledge discovery platforms such as SwissTargetPrediction, WebGestalt, Open Targets Platform, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Qiagen, United States) to delineate the molecular targets of S1P and further validated the upstream regulators of S1P signaling using cutting edge multiple analyte profiling (xMAP) technology (Luminex Corporation, United States) to define the importance of S1P signaling in asthma and other respiratory diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Bahlas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila A Damiati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman S Al-Hazmi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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