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Nongnual T, Butprom N, Boonsang S, Kaewpirom S. Citric acid crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose edible films: A case study on preserving freshness in bananas. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131135. [PMID: 38574914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The study involves the preparation and characterization of crosslinked-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films using varying amounts of citric acid (CA) within the range 5 %-20 %, w/w, relative to the dry weight of CMC. Through techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, carbonyl content analysis, and gel fraction measurements, the successful crosslinking between CMC and CA is confirmed. The investigation includes an analysis of chemical structure, physical and optical characteristics, swelling behavior, water vapor transmission rate, moisture content, and surface morphologies. The water resistance of the cross-linked CMC films exhibited a significant improvement when compared to the non-crosslinked CMC film. The findings indicated that films crosslinked with 10 % CA demonstrated favorable properties for application as edible coatings. These transparent films, ideal for packaging, prove effective in preserving the quality and sensory attributes of fresh bananas, including color retention, minimized weight loss, slowed ripening through inhibiting amyloplast degradation, and enhanced firmness during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeranan Nongnual
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Butprom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Siridech Boonsang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Supranee Kaewpirom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Osama S, El Sherei M, Al-Mahdy DA, Bishr M, Salama O, Raafat MM. Antimicrobial activity of spiculisporic acid isolated from endophytic fungus Aspergillus cejpii of Hedera helix against MRSA. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:515-527. [PMID: 38231376 PMCID: PMC10920557 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The surge in multidrug-resistant pathogens worldwide has jeopardized the clinical efficiency of many current antibiotics. This problem steered many researchers in their quest to discover new effective antimicrobial agents from natural origins including plants or their residing endophytes. In this work, we aimed to identify the endophytic fungi derived from Hedera helix L. and investigate their potential antimicrobial activity. Bioguided fractionation approach was conducted to isolate the pure compounds from the most active fungal fraction. Out of a total of six different isolated endophytic fungal strains, only Aspergillus cejpii showed the highest activity against all tested microbial strains. The most active fraction was the dichloromethane/methanol fraction (DCM:MeOH), where it showed significant activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella typhi, and three drug-resistant clinical isolate strains including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, H1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PS 16), and Acinetobacter baumannii (ACT 322) using tetracyline and kanamycin as the control antibiotics. Bioguided fractionation of the active fraction led to the isolation of the γ-butenolide, spiculisporic acid. Structure elucidation was carried out using 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis. The compound showed good antimicrobial activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 3.9 to 31.25 μg/mL against all tested strains. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling was also carried out to identify the metabolites in the microbial crude extract. In conclusion, endophytic fungi, Aspergillus cejpii, isolated from Hedera helix L. roots showed promising antimicrobial activity which merits further in-depth investigations for potential utilization as a source of new antibiotics in the future. It can also be considered as a novel source for spiculisporic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Osama
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moshera El Sherei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Al-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mokhtar Bishr
- Arab Company for Pharmaceuticals and Medicinal Plants (Mepaco), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama Salama
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Raafat
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Sundar RDV, Arunachalam S. Xenomyrothecium tongaense PTS8: a rare endophyte of Polianthes tuberosa with salient antagonism against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1327190. [PMID: 38435697 PMCID: PMC10906109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endophytes refer to microorganisms residing within the endosphere of plants, particularly perennials, without inflicting noticeable injury or inducing obvious morphological variations to their host plant or host organism. Endophytic fungi, although often overlooked microorganisms, have garnered interest due to their significant biological diversity and ability to produce novel pharmacological substances. Methods In this study, fourteen endophytic fungi retrieved were from the stem of the perennial plant Polianthes tuberosa of the Asparagaceae family. These fungal crude metabolites were tested for antagonistic susceptibility to Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogens using agar well diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays. The chequerboard test was used to assess the synergistic impact of active extract. Results and discussion In early antibacterial screening using the Agar plug diffusion test, three of fourteen endophytes demonstrated antagonism against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Three isolates were grown in liquid medium and their secondary metabolites were recovered using various organic solvents. Eight extracts from three endophytic fungi displayed antagonism against one or more human pathogens with diameters ranging from 11 to 24 mm. The highest antagonistic effect was obtained in ethyl acetate extract for PTS8 isolate against two MRSA (ATCC 43300, 700699) with 20 ± 0.27 and 22 ± 0.47 mm zones of inhibition, respectively, among different solvent extracts. The extract had MICs of 3.12 ± 0.05 and 1.56 ± 0.05 μg/mL, and MBCs of 50 ± 0.01 and 12.5 ± 0.04 μg/mL, respectively. Antagonism against VRE was 18 ± 0.23 mm Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) with MIC and MBC of 6.25 ± 0.25 and 25 ± 0.01 μg/mL. When ethyl acetate extract was coupled with antibiotics, the chequerboard assay demonstrated a synergistic impact against MDR bacteria. In an antioxidant test, it had an inhibitory impact of 87 ± 0.5% and 88.5 ± 0.5% in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assay, respectively, at 150 μg/mL concentration. PTS8 was identified as a Xenomyrothecium tongaense strain by 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. To our insight, it is the foremost study to demonstrate the presence of an X. tongaense endophyte in the stem of P. tuberosa and the first report to study the antibacterial efficacy of X. tongaense which might serve as a powerful antibacterial source against antibiotic-resistant human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjitha Dhevi V. Sundar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agriculture Microbiology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sathiavelu Arunachalam
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Agriculture Microbiology, VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Toppo P, Jangir P, Mehra N, Kapoor R, Mathur P. Bioprospecting of endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Anisomeles indica L. for their diverse role in agricultural and industrial sectors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:588. [PMID: 38182714 PMCID: PMC10770348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that inhabit various plant parts and cause no damage to the host plants. During the last few years, a number of novel endophytic fungi have been isolated and identified from medicinal plants and were found to be utilized as bio-stimulants and bio fertilizers. In lieu of this, the present study aims to isolate and identify endophytic fungi associated with the leaves of Anisomeles indica L. an important medicinal plant of the Terai-Duars region of West Bengal. A total of ten endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of A. indica and five were identified using ITS1/ITS4 sequencing based on their ability for plant growth promotion, secondary metabolite production, and extracellular enzyme production. Endophytic fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum yulongense Ai1, Colletotrichum cobbittiense Ai2, Colletotrichum alienum Ai2.1, Colletotrichum cobbittiense Ai3, and Fusarium equiseti. Five isolates tested positive for their plant growth promotion potential, while isolates Ai4. Ai1, Ai2, and Ai2.1 showed significant production of secondary metabolites viz. alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, etc. Isolate Ai2 showed maximum total phenolic concentration (25.98 mg g-1), while isolate Ai4 showed maximum total flavonoid concentration (20.10 mg g-1). Significant results were observed for the production of extracellular enzymes such as cellulases, amylases, laccases, lipases, etc. The isolates significantly influenced the seed germination percentage of tomato seedlings and augmented their growth and development under in vitro assay. The present work comprehensively tested these isolates and ascertained their huge application for the commercial utilization of these isolates both in the agricultural and industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Toppo
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Pooja Jangir
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Namita Mehra
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rupam Kapoor
- Plant-Fungus Interactions Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
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Parvatikar PP, Patil S, Khaparkhuntikar K, Patil S, Singh PK, Sahana R, Kulkarni RV, Raghu AV. Artificial intelligence: Machine learning approach for screening large database and drug discovery. Antiviral Res 2023; 220:105740. [PMID: 37935248 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent research in drug discovery dealing with many faces difficulties, including development of new drugs during disease outbreak and drug resistance due to rapidly accumulating mutations. Virtual screening is the most widely used method in computer aided drug discovery. It has a prominent ability in screening drug targets from large molecular databases. Recently, a number of web servers have developed for quickly screening publicly accessible chemical databases. In a nutshell, deep learning algorithms and artificial neural networks have modernised the field. Several drug discovery processes have used machine learning and deep learning algorithms, including peptide synthesis, structure-based virtual screening, ligand-based virtual screening, toxicity prediction, drug monitoring and release, pharmacophore modelling, quantitative structure-activity relationship, drug repositioning, polypharmacology, and physiochemical activity. Although there are presently a wide variety of data-driven AI/ML tools available, the majority of these tools have, up to this point, been developed in the context of non-communicable diseases like cancer, and a number of obstacles have prevented the translation of these tools to the discovery of treatments against infectious diseases. In this review various aspects of AI and ML in virtual screening of large databases were discussed. Here, with an emphasis on antivirals as well as other disease, offers a perspective on the advantages, drawbacks, and hazards of AI/ML techniques in the search for innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi P Parvatikar
- Department of Biotechnology, Allied Health Science, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapur 586103, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sudha Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, BLDEA's SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Vijayapur 586 103, Karnataka, India
| | - Kedar Khaparkhuntikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Shruti Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, Allied Health Science, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapur 586103, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - R Sahana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, RV Institute of Technology and Management, 560076, Bengaluru, India
| | - Raghavendra V Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Allied Health Science, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapur 586103, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, BLDEA's SSM College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Vijayapur 586 103, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjanapura V Raghu
- Department of Science and Technology, BLDE (Deemed-to-be University), Vijayapur 586103, Karnataka, India.
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Hussein NN, Al-Azawi K, Sulaiman GM, Albukhaty S, Al-Majeed RM, Jabir M, Al-Dulimi AG, Mohammed HA, Akhtar N, Alawaji R, A Alshammari AA, Khan RA. Silver-cored Ziziphus spina-christi extract-loaded antimicrobial nanosuspension: overcoming multidrug resistance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1839-1854. [PMID: 37982771 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To synthesize a silver-cored nanosuspension utilizing Ziziphus spina-christi fresh-leaf extract and evaluate their antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogenic microbes. Materials and Methods: The prepared nanosuspension was analyzed by spectro-analytical techniques and tested for antimicrobial activity and resistance to biofilm formation. The leaf extract and nanosuspension were tested separately and together as a mixture. Results: Constituent nanoparticles were average-sized (∼34 nm) and were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes and yeast. Candida albicans showed a 24.50 ± 1.50 mm inhibition zone, followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Increased bioactivity with the highest multifold increments, 150%, for erythromycin against all tested microbes was observed. Carbenicillin and trimethoprim showed 166%- and 300%-fold increments for antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Conclusion: The nanosuspension exhibited strong potential as an antimicrobial agent and overcame multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehia N Hussein
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Khalida Al-Azawi
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Ghassan M Sulaiman
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, 62001, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Reem Ma Al-Majeed
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Majid Jabir
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Ali G Al-Dulimi
- Department of Dentistry, Bilad Alrafidain University College, Diyala, 32001, Iraq
| | - Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Naseem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, P.O. Box 31717, Buraydah 51418, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alawaji
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, King Salman Medical City, Maternity and Children Hospital, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Arif A Alshammari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Graduate Student
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Anand U, Pal T, Yadav N, Singh VK, Tripathi V, Choudhary KK, Shukla AK, Sunita K, Kumar A, Bontempi E, Ma Y, Kolton M, Singh AK. Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Endophytic Microbes: Promising Candidates for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 86:1455-1486. [PMID: 36917283 PMCID: PMC10497456 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, substantial research into endophytic microbes is being conducted to increase agricultural and environmental sustainability. Endophytic microbes such as bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi inhabit ubiquitously within the tissues of all plant species without causing any harm or disease. Endophytes form symbiotic relationships with diverse plant species and can regulate numerous host functions, including resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, growth and development, and stimulating immune systems. Moreover, plant endophytes play a dominant role in nutrient cycling, biodegradation, and bioremediation, and are widely used in many industries. Endophytes have a stronger predisposition for enhancing mineral and metal solubility by cells through the secretion of organic acids with low molecular weight and metal-specific ligands (such as siderophores) that alter soil pH and boost binding activity. Finally, endophytes synthesize various bioactive compounds with high competence that are promising candidates for new drugs, antibiotics, and medicines. Bioprospecting of endophytic novel secondary metabolites has given momentum to sustainable agriculture for combating environmental stresses. Biotechnological interventions with the aid of endophytes played a pivotal role in crop improvement to mitigate biotic and abiotic stress conditions like drought, salinity, xenobiotic compounds, and heavy metals. Identification of putative genes from endophytes conferring resistance and tolerance to crop diseases, apart from those involved in the accumulation and degradation of contaminants, could open new avenues in agricultural research and development. Furthermore, a detailed molecular and biochemical understanding of endophyte entry and colonization strategy in the host would better help in manipulating crop productivity under changing climatic conditions. Therefore, the present review highlights current research trends based on the SCOPUS database, potential biotechnological interventions of endophytic microorganisms in combating environmental stresses influencing crop productivity, future opportunities of endophytes in improving plant stress tolerance, and their contribution to sustainable remediation of hazardous environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
| | - Tarun Pal
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Niraj Yadav
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar Shukla
- Department of Botany, K.S. Saket P.G. College, Ayodhya affiliated to Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224123, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Sunita
- Department of Botany, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon, Lezion, Israel
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Ying Ma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Max Kolton
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, 8499000, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Amit Kishore Singh
- Department of Botany, Bhagalpur National College (A constituent unit of Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University), Bhagalpur, 812007, Bihar, India.
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Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, Shukla KK. Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1038. [PMID: 37509074 PMCID: PMC10377637 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The seminal discovery of paclitaxel from endophytic fungus Taxomyces andreanae was a milestone in recognizing the immense potential of endophytic fungi as prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites of use in medicine, agriculture, and food industries. Following the discovery of paclitaxel, the research community has intensified efforts to harness endophytic fungi as putative producers of lead molecules with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardio-protective, and immunomodulatory properties. Endophytic fungi have been a valuable source of bioactive compounds over the last three decades. Compounds such as taxol, podophyllotoxin, huperzine, camptothecin, and resveratrol have been effectively isolated and characterized after extraction from endophytic fungi. These findings have expanded the applications of endophytic fungi in medicine and related fields. In the present review, we systematically compile and analyze several important compounds derived from endophytic fungi, encompassing the period from 2011 to 2022. Our systematic approach focuses on elucidating the origins of endophytic fungi, exploring the structural diversity and biological activities exhibited by these compounds, and giving special emphasis to the pharmacological activities and mechanism of action of certain compounds. We highlight the tremendous potential of endophytic fungi as alternate sources of bioactive metabolites, with implications for combating major global diseases. This underscores the significant role that fungi can play in the discovery and development of novel therapeutic agents that address the challenges posed by prevalent diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Gupta
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vineet Meshram
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Mahiti Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Soniya Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Shukla
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pandit Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
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Liu HY, Yang FX, Dai JM, Liang MJ, Xiong W, Mi QL, Li XM, Wang K, Deng L, Hu Q, Zhang JD. Isochromenes from the Nicotiana tabacum-Derived Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus versicolor and Their Bioactivities. Chem Nat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-023-03913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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10
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Wei Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Chen K, Gong L, Li G, Zheng Q, Zhang Q, He Y, Zhang Q, Chen D, Cao K, Pang J, Zhang Z, Wang L, Ou Z, Liang Q. Development and multi-center validation of machine learning model for early detection of fungal keratitis. EBioMedicine 2023; 88:104438. [PMID: 36681000 PMCID: PMC9869416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal keratitis (FK) is a leading cause of corneal blindness in developing countries due to poor clinical recognition and laboratory identification. Here, we aimed to identify the distinct clinical signature of FK and develop a diagnostic model to differentiate FK from other types of infectious keratitis. METHODS We reviewed the electronic health records (EHRs) of all patients with suspected infectious keratitis in Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2011 to December 2021. Twelve clinical signs of slit-lamp images were assessed by Lasso regression analysis and collinear variables were excluded. Three models based on binary logistic regression, random forest classification, and decision tree classification were trained for FK diagnosis and employed for internal validation. Independent external validation of the models was performed in a cohort of 420 patients from seven different ophthalmic centers to evaluate the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in real world. FINDINGS Three diagnostic models of FK based on binary logistic regression, random forest classification, and decision tree classification were established and internal validation were achieved with the mean AUC of 0.916, 0.920, and 0.859, respectively. The models were well-calibrated by external validation using a prospective cohort including 210 FK and 210 non-FK patients from seven eye centers across China. The diagnostic model with the binary logistic regression algorithm classified the external validation dataset with a sensitivity of 0.907 (0.774, 1.000), specificity 0.899 (0.750, 1.000), accuracy 0.905 (0.805, 1.000), and AUC 0.903 (0.808, 0.998). INTERPRETATION Our model enables rapid identification of FK, which will help ophthalmologists to establish a preliminary diagnosis and to improve the diagnostic accuracy in clinic. FUNDING The Open Research Fund from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFC2301000) and the Open Research Fund from Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beihang University &Capital Medical University (BHTR-KFJJ-202001) supported this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wei
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shigeng Wang
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Zhiqun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guigang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qinxiang Zheng
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jinding Pang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Leying Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhonghong Ou
- Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Qingfeng Liang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China.
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11
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Si J, Wu L. Metabolites of medicine food homology-derived endophytic fungi and their activities. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1882-1896. [PMID: 36276242 PMCID: PMC9579210 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicine food homology (MFH) substances not only provide essential nutrients as food but also have corresponding factors that can prevent and help treat nutritional imbalances, chronic disease, and other related issues. Endophytic fungi associated with plants have potential for use in drug discovery and food therapy. However, the endophytic fungal metabolites from MFH plants and their effects have been overlooked. Therefore, this review focuses on the various biological activities of 108 new metabolites isolated from 53 MFH-derived endophytic fungi. The paper explores the potential nutritional and medicinal value of metabolites of MFH-derived endophytic fungi for food and medical applications. This research is important for the future development of effective, safe, and nontoxic therapeutic nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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12
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Interaction between live seaweed and various Vibrio species by co-culture: Antibacterial activity and seaweed microenvironment. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Sharaf MH, Abdelaziz AM, Kalaba MH, Radwan AA, Hashem AH. Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Ocimum Basilicum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022. [PMID: 34661866 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03702-w/figures/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are living inside plants without any harmful effects; the prospecting about them is increased day by day because they can produce bioactive compounds which can be used in different applications. Herein, the current study was aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi from the Ocimum basilicum plant as safe microorganisms and evaluate their biological activities. The results illustrated that three endophytic fungal strains were isolated and identified morphologically and genetically as Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus flavus and deposited in gene bank under accession numbers MZ045561, MZ045562, and MZ045563 respectively. Moreover, cell-free filtrates of endophytic fungal strains were extracted using ethyl acetate, where these crude extracts exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Candida albicans at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, these endophytic strains exhibited a potential antioxidant activity where IC50 of the crude extract of A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus were (166.3, 68.4, and 347.1 µg/mL) and (151.2, 77.9, and 246.3 µg/mL) using DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate crude extracts of these endophytic fungi did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect against Vero and Wi 38 normal cells. GC-MS analysis of the crude extract of A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus indicated the presence of 22, 22, and 20 active compounds, respectively. The major compounds in the fungal extracts are belonging to fatty acids, fatty acid esters, tetrahydrofurans, and sterols. In conclusion, the isolated endophytic A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus from Ocimum basilicum are promising sources for bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Sharaf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Kalaba
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Radwan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
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Du G, Kong GH, Hu QF, Zhang LF, Zhang GH, Bao MF, Li YK, Miao D, Wu YP. New Anti-TMV Isochromenes from Nicotiana Tabacum-Derived Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus Versicolor. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Li Y, Kumar PS, Tan Q, Tan X, Yuan M, Luo J, He M. Diversity and chemical fingerprinting of endo-metabolomes from endophytes associated with Ampelopsis grossedentata (Hand.-Mazz.) W. T. Wang possessing antibacterial activity against multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1917-1926. [PMID: 34728167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious infections caused by bacteria and their resistance to antibiotics are one of the biggest healthcare threats to mankind. Therefore, the present study aimed to isolate endophytes from medicinal plant Ampelopsis grossedentata, an endemic species of Western Hubei, China and to investigate its antibacterial efficacy and chemical diversity of the secondary metabolites. METHODS The antibacterial potential of the endophytes was evaluated by disc diffusion method against a panel of eleven type strains and some multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were estimated by broth microdilution using iodonitrotetrazolium chloride assay. Further, the chemical diversity of the metabolites was estimated using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and GC-MS fingerprinting. RESULTS Four endophytic fungi were isolated from the tender shoot of A. grossedentata; they were identified as Fusarium graminearum TC-1, Phomopsis mali TC-3, Pestalotiopsis maculans TC-5 and Alternaria alternata TC-11. Among the endophytes screened, A. alternata TC-11 exhibited significant antibacterial activity with the zones of inhibition ranging from 13.72 ± 0.30 to 21.76 ± 0.53 mm against all the tested type strains and multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. Further, it showed significant antibacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 0.37 to 3.00 μg/mL. The combined LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and GC-MS analyses of active extract revealed that alternarian acid, altertenuol, dimethyl sulfone, docosane, dodecane, duclauxin, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, ethyl 6-cyano-5-oxo-1-phenyl-7-thiophen-2-yl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylate, heptacosane, linoleic acid, neodecanoic acid, oxiranylmethyl ester, pentadecane, verrulactone E, 2,6,11-Trimethyldodecane and 4-[(E,4R,6R)-11-(furan-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-4,8-dimethylundec-8-enyl]-2-hydroxy-2H-furan-5-one were the most abundant compounds present which were responsible for the significant antibacterial activity. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of fungal endophytes isolated from the tender shoot of A. grossedentata with bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. Our finding provides a new insight into the antibacterial potential of endophytes and envisages the possibility of using them for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 253 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Pachaiyappan Saravana Kumar
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 253 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China.
| | - Quansheng Tan
- Enshi Central Hospital, No. 158, Wuyang Road, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Xuhui Tan
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 253 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Mingyuan Yuan
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 253 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jianqiong Luo
- Enshi Selenium Commander and Ecological Agriculture Company, Xinyuan Building, Gold Road, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Meijun He
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 253 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China.
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Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Ocimum Basilicum. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 194:1271-1289. [PMID: 34661866 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are living inside plants without any harmful effects; the prospecting about them is increased day by day because they can produce bioactive compounds which can be used in different applications. Herein, the current study was aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi from the Ocimum basilicum plant as safe microorganisms and evaluate their biological activities. The results illustrated that three endophytic fungal strains were isolated and identified morphologically and genetically as Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus flavus and deposited in gene bank under accession numbers MZ045561, MZ045562, and MZ045563 respectively. Moreover, cell-free filtrates of endophytic fungal strains were extracted using ethyl acetate, where these crude extracts exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Candida albicans at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, these endophytic strains exhibited a potential antioxidant activity where IC50 of the crude extract of A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus were (166.3, 68.4, and 347.1 µg/mL) and (151.2, 77.9, and 246.3 µg/mL) using DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate crude extracts of these endophytic fungi did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect against Vero and Wi 38 normal cells. GC-MS analysis of the crude extract of A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus indicated the presence of 22, 22, and 20 active compounds, respectively. The major compounds in the fungal extracts are belonging to fatty acids, fatty acid esters, tetrahydrofurans, and sterols. In conclusion, the isolated endophytic A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, and A. flavus from Ocimum basilicum are promising sources for bioactive compounds.
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