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Zolfaghari S, Cyr M, Pelletier A, Postuma RB. Effects of Season and Daylight Saving Time Shifts on Sleep Symptoms: Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Neurology 2023; 101:e74-e82. [PMID: 37137725 PMCID: PMC10351306 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There has been conflicting evidence regarding the association between seasonal changes and daylight saving time (DST) and sleep disorders. This topic is of particular interest currently because the United States and Canada are considering the elimination of seasonal clock changes. The aim of this study was to compare sleep symptoms among participants who were interviewed in different seasons and before/after the transition into DST and standard time (ST). METHODS A total of 30,097 people aged 45-85 years taking part in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging were studied. Participants completed a questionnaire on sleep duration, satisfaction, sleep-onset insomnia, sleep-maintenance insomnia, and hypersomnolence symptoms. Sleep disorders were compared between participants who were interviewed during different seasons and at different times of the year (DST/ST). Data were analyzed using χ2, analysis of variance, binary logistic, and linear regression tests. RESULTS Among participants interviewed in different seasons, we found no difference in dissatisfaction with sleep, sleep onset, sleep maintenance, and hypersomnolence. Those interviewed in summer had slightly shorter sleep duration compared with those in winter (6.76 ± 1.2 vs 6.84 ± 1.3 hours). Participants interviewed 1 week before vs 1 week after DST transition showed no difference in sleep symptoms, except for a 9-minute decrease in sleep duration a week after transition. However, those who were interviewed a week after transition to ST compared with a week before reported more dissatisfaction with sleep (28% vs 22.6%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.76), higher sleep-onset insomnia (7.1% vs 3.3%, aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.19-4.27), higher sleep-maintenance insomnia (12.9% vs 8.2%, aOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.02-2.66), and more hypersomnolence with adequate sleep (7.3% vs 3.6%, aOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.14-3.79). DISCUSSION We found small seasonal variations in sleep duration but no difference in other sleep symptoms. The transition from DST to ST was associated with a transient increase in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Zolfaghari
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (S.Z.), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (S.Z., A.P., R.B.P.); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.C.), McGill University; Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (A.P., R.B.P.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariève Cyr
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (S.Z.), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (S.Z., A.P., R.B.P.); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.C.), McGill University; Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (A.P., R.B.P.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amélie Pelletier
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (S.Z.), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (S.Z., A.P., R.B.P.); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.C.), McGill University; Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (A.P., R.B.P.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- From the Integrated Program in Neuroscience (S.Z.), McGill University; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (S.Z., A.P., R.B.P.); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (M.C.), McGill University; Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine (A.P., R.B.P.), Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal; and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (R.B.P.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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2
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Phase Response Curve to Light under Ambulatory Conditions: A Pilot Study for Potential Application to Daylight Saving Time Transitions. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111584. [PMID: 36358285 PMCID: PMC9687529 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the relationship between daylight saving time (DST) and sleep alterations, psychiatric disorders, cardiovascular events and traffic accidents. However, very few have monitored participants while maintaining their usual lifestyle before and after DST. Considering that DST transitions modify human behavior and, therefore, people's light exposure patterns, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of DST on circadian variables, considering sleep and, for the first time, the human phase response curve to light. To accomplish this, eight healthy adults (33 ± 11 years old, mean ± SD) were recruited to monitor multivariable circadian markers and light exposure by means of a wearable ambulatory monitoring device: Kronowise®. The following night phase markers were calculated: midpoints of the five consecutive hours of maximum wrist temperature (TM5) and the five consecutive hours of minimum time in movement (TL5), sleep onset and offset, as well as sleep duration and light intensity. TM5 for wrist temperature was set as circadian time 0 h, and the balance between advances and delays considering the phase response curve to light was calculated individually before and after both DST transitions. To assess internal desynchronization, the possible shift in TM5 for wrist temperature and TL5 for time in movement were compared. Our results indicate that the transition to DST seems to force the circadian system to produce a phase advance to adapt to the new time. However, the synchronizing signals provided by natural and personal light exposure are not in line with such an advance, which results in internal desynchronization and the need for longer synchronization times. On the contrary, the transition back to ST, which implies a phase delay, is characterized by a faster adaptation and maintenance of internal synchronization, despite the fact that exposure to natural light would favor a phase advance. Considering the pilot nature of this study, further research is needed with higher sample sizes.
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3
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Titova OE, Lindberg E, Elmståhl S, Lind L, Benedict C. Seasonal variations in sleep duration and sleep complaints: A Swedish cohort study in middle-aged and older individuals. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13453. [PMID: 34355440 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Subjective sleep reports are widely used research tools in epidemiology. Whether sleep reports can differ between seasons is less clear. Using multivariable binary or multinomial logistic regression analyses, in the present Swedish cross-sectional two-centre cohort study (N = 19,254; mean age 61 years), we found that participants surveyed during the summer (June-August) were more likely to report short sleep duration (defined as ≤ 6 hr) compared with those interviewed during the autumn (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.14 [1.04-1.25]). Individuals interviewed in the winter (December-February) were less likely to report early awakenings compared with participants surveyed in the autumn (September-November; odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.85 [0.75-0.96]). Complaints of difficulties in falling asleep and disturbed sleep were less common among participants interviewed during spring (March-May) compared with those interviewed during the autumn (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.86 [0.74-0.99] and 0.88 [0.79-0.98], respectively). No seasonal variations in reports of long sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, or feeling not rested after sleep were observed. Additional subgroup analysis revealed that summer participants were more likely to report short sleep duration and early morning awakenings than individuals surveyed in winter. In conclusion, this Swedish study indicates that self-reported sleep characteristics may vary across seasons. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga E Titova
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Neuroscience, Sleep Science (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Sivertsen B, Hysing M, Harvey AG, Petrie KJ. The Epidemiology of Insomnia and Sleep Duration Across Mental and Physical Health: The SHoT Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:662572. [PMID: 34194368 PMCID: PMC8236531 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted to examine the prevalence and comorbidities of insomnia and document sleep duration, but a common limitation in many studies is the lack of use of agreed-upon definitions of insomnia, as well as insufficient statistical power to examine comorbid mental and physical disorders/conditions. Aim To examine the prevalence of insomnia operationalized according to formal DSM-5 criteria and differences in mean sleep duration across a wide range of mental and physical disorders, examining men and women separately. Materials and Methods Data stem from the SHoT study (Students' Health and Wellbeing Study), a national survey of all college and university students in Norway. In all, 162,512 students aged 18-35 received an invitation to participate, of whom 50,054 students completed the internet-based survey (attendance rate: 30.8%). Insomnia was defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria and sleep duration was calculated separately for weekdays and weekends. Self-reported mental and physical disorders/conditions were assessed using a pre-defined list modified to fit this age group. Pearson chi-squared tests were used to examine the prevalence of insomnia across the various mental and physical disorders/conditions in men and women separately, and log-link binomial regression analysis were used to calculate effect-sizes, adjusting for age. Results The prevalence of insomnia in both sexes was significantly higher across all mental disorders compared with a healthy reference group. Among females, the prevalence of insomnia ranged from 61.3% for comorbid depression (adj. RR = 2.49, 95% CI: 2.40) to 83.3% for comorbid schizophrenia (adj. RR = 3.37, 95% CI: 2.61-4.35). For males, the insomnia prevalence ranged from 32.3% for comorbid autism/Asperger (adj. RR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.39-2.92) to 74.2% for comorbid eating disorder (adj. RR = 4.51, 95% CI: 3.87-5.27). The overall prevalence of insomnia was also significantly higher across most physical conditions compared with the healthy reference group, although generally lower compared to the mental disorders. For females, the insomnia prevalence ranged from 25% for comorbid multiple sclerosis (not significant) to 65.4% for comorbid chronic fatigue syndrome/ME (adj. RR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.44-2.89). For males, the insomnia prevalence ranged from 20% for both comorbid cancer and diabetes (not significant) to 74.2% for comorbid fibromyalgia (adj. RR = 4.35, 95% CI: 2.96-6.39). Similar patterns were observed for sleep duration, with a significantly shorter sleep duration for across many physical disorders, but especially mental disorders. Conclusion Insomnia and short sleep duration are strongly associated with a range of different disorders and conditions. Insomnia is most strongly associated with mental disorders, and physical conditions characterized by some level of psychological or psychosomatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Keith J Petrie
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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5
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Höller Y, Gudjónsdottir BE, Valgeirsdóttir SK, Heimisson GT. The effect of age and chronotype on seasonality, sleep problems, and mood. Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113722. [PMID: 33476898 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal affective disorder has been associated with sleep problems, young age, and an evening chronotype. A chronotype refers to an individual's preference in the timing of their sleep-wake cycle, as well as the time during the sleep-wake cycle when a person is most alert and energetic. Seasonality refers to season-dependent fluctuations in sleep length, social activity, mood, weight, appetite, and energy level. Evening chronotype is more common in young adults and morning chronotype more common in the elderly. This study aimed to estimate the differential contribution of chronotype and age on seasonality. A sample of n=410 participants were included in the study. The age groups showed significantly different results according to sleep parameters, depression, anxiety, stress, seasonality, and chronotype. The oldest group (>59 years) showed the lowest scores on all of these scales. According to a path analysis, chronotype and age predict propensity for seasonality. However, sleep problems were linked to chronotype but not to age. Older adults seem to be more resistant to seasonal changes that are perceived as a problem than young and middle aged adults. Future studies would benefit from considering cultural aspects and examine seasonality, chronotype, depression, and insomnia in longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Höller
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Nordurslod 2, 600 Akureyri, Iceland.
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6
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Abeler K, Bergvik S, Sand T, Friborg O. Daily associations between sleep and pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13237. [PMID: 33529464 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic pain commonly report sleep problems, and the evidence for a relationship between sleep disturbance and pain seems robust. The day-to-day associations between these constructs are less well studied, particularly with objective sleep measures such as actigraphy. Moreover, the concurrent presence of negative affective symptoms, as well as seasonality effects at extreme latitudes may complicate it further. Here, we studied 56 patients with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain conditions, contributing data in two separate 7-day data-collection periods during the summer and winter, respectively. The effect of self-reported sleep quality, and actigraphy measured sleep duration, efficiency and timing on next-day pain, as well as the effect of pain on the same sleep indices were estimated by generalised linear mixed regression models. The models were additionally adjusted for age, sex, education, data collection period, weekend, season and mental distress, with the latter two also specified as moderators. We observed a significant effect of pain as a predictor of next-night sleep quality (p = .003) and marginally of next-night sleep duration (p = .079). Conversely, sleep quality tentatively predicted next-day pain (p = .063). No other day-to-day associations were present. Mental distress was the strongest predictor of pain, but it did not modify the sleep-pain associations, nor did season. In conclusion pain, sleep quality and mental distress are closely related, underscoring the importance of encompassing this complexity in assessment and treatment of patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Abeler
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Sand
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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7
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Sivertsen B, Friborg O, Pallesen S, Vedaa Ø, Hopstock LA. Sleep in the land of the midnight sun and polar night: The Tromsø study. Chronobiol Int 2020; 38:334-342. [PMID: 33249932 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1845191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While some diseases and human behaviors fluctuate consistently with season, the extent of seasonal variations in sleep, especially at high latitudes, is less consistent. We used data from a geographic region (69º North) with extremely large seasonal differences in daylight that had the participants blinded for the current study's hypotheses. Data were derived from the Tromsø Study (2015-2016), an ongoing population-based study in Northern Norway comprising citizens aged 40 years and older (n = 21,083, participation = 64.7%). The sleep parameters included bedtime, rise time, sleep onset latency (SOL), and total sleep time. Insomnia was defined according to recent diagnostic criteria (International Classification of Sleep Disorders; ICSD-3). We found some evidence of monthly or seasonal variation in sleep problems. Insomnia was most common during the winter months among men, but not women. No seasonal or monthly effects were observed for sleep duration. SOL was slightly longer during the winter months, but the differences were small and hardly of any clinical relevance. The small or non-existing seasonal variation in sleep and sleep difficulties indicate that extreme seasonal variation in daylight is of little influence on sleep status. The city of Tromsø is a modern city with considerable level of artificial light, which may contribute to the observed rather stabile sleep patterns throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, South-Africa
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Voss District Psychiatric Hospital, NKS Bjørkeli, Voss, Norway.,Department of Research and Development, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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8
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Sivertsen B, Harvey AG, Gradisar M, Pallesen S, Hysing M. Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder in young adults: prevalence and correlates from a national survey of Norwegian university students. Sleep Med 2020; 77:184-191. [PMID: 33097403 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) during adolescence has been linked to impaired health and poor functioning. However there is a dearth of knowledge about DSWPD in young adulthood. We seek to contribute knowledge on the prevalence and correlates of DSWPD in this age group. METHODS Data were drawn from a 2018 national survey of students in higher education in Norway (the SHoT-study). All 162,512 fulltime students in Norway were invited to participate and 50,054 students (69.1% women) aged 18-35 years were included (response rate = 30.8%). DSWPD was assessed by self-report, and was operationalized according to the criteria for DSWPD in the most recent edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. Correlates of DSWPD were examined by validated self-report instruments covering a wide range of demographic and health domains. RESULTS The overall prevalence of DSWPD was 3.3%, and significantly higher in male (4.7%) than female (2.7%) students. DSWPD was associated with being single, having financial difficulties, having divorced parents, being overweight/obese, and physical inactivity. Students with DSWPD had more sleep problems during weekdays, and higher levels of somatic and mental health problems. Students with DSWPD also had an elevated risk of self-harm-related thoughts and behaviors as well as suicidality. CONCLUSION DSWPD remains a significant problem among young adults, and the high symptom load across health domains indicates that suggests a need for existing evidence-based approaches to be scaled for college students who present with DSWPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Research & Innovation, Helse-Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Allison G Harvey
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
The circadian clock controls daily rhythms in animal physiology, metabolism, and behavior, such as the sleep‐wake cycle. Disruption of circadian rhythms has been revealed in many diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Interestingly, patients with many neurodegenerative diseases often show problems with circadian clocks even years before other symptoms develop. Here we review the recent studies identifying the association between circadian rhythms and several major neurodegenerative disorders. Early intervention of circadian rhythms may benefit the treatment of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557, U.S.A
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10
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Sivertsen B, Pallesen S, Friborg O, Nilsen KB, Bakke ØK, Goll JB, Hopstock LA. Sleep patterns and insomnia in a large population-based study of middle-aged and older adults: The Tromsø study 2015-2016. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13095. [PMID: 32469116 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies assessing adult sleep duration have yielded inconsistent findings and there are still large variations in estimation of insomnia prevalence according to the most recent diagnostic criteria. Our objective was to describe sleep patterns in a large population of middle-aged and older adults, by employing accurate measures of both sleep duration and insomnia. Data stem from the Tromsø Study (2015-2016), an ongoing population-based study in northern Norway comprising citizens aged 40 years and older (n = 21,083, attendance = 64.7%). Sleep parameters were reported separately for weekdays and weekends and included bedtime, rise time, sleep latency and total sleep time. Insomnia was defined according to recent diagnostic criteria (International Classification of Sleep Disorders; ICSD-3). The results show that 20% (95% confidence interval,19.4-20.6) fulfilled the inclusion criteria for insomnia. The prevalence was especially high among women (25%), for whom the prevalence also increased with age. For men, the prevalence was around 15% across all age groups. In all, 42% of the women reported sleeping <7 hr (mean sleep duration of 7:07 hr), whereas the corresponding proportion among males was 52% (mean sleep duration of 6:55 hr). We conclude that the proportion of middle-aged and older adults not getting the recommended amount of sleep is worryingly high, as is also the observed prevalence of insomnia. This warrants attention as a public health problem in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristian Bernhard Nilsen
- Section for Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Kvåle Bakke
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jonas Bjørnskov Goll
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laila Arnesdatter Hopstock
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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11
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Abeler K, Sand T, Friborg O, Bergvik S. Seasonality in pain, sleep and mental distress in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain at latitude 69° N. Chronobiol Int 2020; 37:1650-1661. [PMID: 32460567 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1764011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Seasonality is evident in several aspects of human health and behavior, whereas seasonality in chronic pain is less well studied. We examined seasonal variation in pain severity and pain dissemination, as well as in pain-associated conditions, such as sleep impairment, sleep timing, mental distress, fatigue and physical activity. We also examined if any of these associated conditions moderated the seasonality in pain. This prospective study was conducted in the subarctic municipality of Tromsø, Norway (69º North), on a sample of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (N = 56). Data were collected with self-report questionnaires and objective actigraphy measures (7 days) twice: winter and summer. Mixed linear regression models were fitted. A modest seasonality effect was observed in pain severity (highest in summer), but not in pain dissemination. Seasonality with increased physical activity and delayed sleep timing in the summer was also present. The remaining pain-associated self-report or objective measures indicated no seasonality. The season-pain association was not significantly moderated by any of the pain-associated conditions. Previous studies on healthy individuals residing in polar areas have suggested an opposite seasonal effect with delay of the sleep-wake rhythm in winter. Our results based on a clinical sample thus represent a novel finding that needs to be examined further with regard to seasonal circadian entrainment and alignment in pain populations. These results may have clinical value for the treatment of patients with musculoskeletal pain as seasonality may require seasonal adjustments of pain treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Abeler
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of North Norway , Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Sand
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital , Trondheim, Norway
| | - Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Arctic University of Norway , Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Relationship between Sleep Duration, Sun Exposure, and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status: A Cross-sectional Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4168. [PMID: 32144371 PMCID: PMC7060268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal-range sleep duration is an important factor for general health and metabolism, and insufficient or excessive sleep is associated with chronic metabolic disease. Among the many factors that affect sleep duration, sun exposure plays an important role in maintaining regular circadian rhythm and is also involved in the production and activation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], which regulates various functions in the body. However, 25(OH)D is available through food and various nutritional supplements without sun exposure, so it is important to find out the complex relationship among sun exposure, vitamin D status, and sleep duration. The relationship between sun exposure, vitamin D status, and sleep duration was analyzed in the nationwide survey and examination of 25,534 study populations, after adjusting for demographic characteristics, physical characteristics, lifestyle status, and socio-demographic variables. Vitamin D status alone did not show the relationship with sleep duration, although there were statistical relationships in the various factors including sun exposure with sleep duration. There was a statistical difference in 25(OH)D according to sleep duration, only in low sun exposure group. Subjects with low sun exposure and excessive sleep duration comparatively lower 25(OH)D than those with normal-range sleep, even after adjustment for potentially confounding factors. Individuals with limited exposure to sunlight should maintain adequate vitamin D status to have an appropriate sleep duration for health.
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Valérie Groß J, Fritschi L, Hellmich M, Schwert I, Renner R, Pinger A, Wild U, Erren TC. Comparing different approaches to assess individual chronotypes in epidemiological studies (SEVERUS-Cohort). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1525132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Valérie Groß
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lin Fritschi
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Inga Schwert
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - René Renner
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Pinger
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ursula Wild
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas C Erren
- Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Putilov AA, Poluektov MG, Dorokhov VB. Evening chronotype, late weekend sleep times and social jetlag as possible causes of sleep curtailment after maintaining perennial DST: ain’t they as black as they are painted? Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:82-100. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1684937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arcady A. Putilov
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, the Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail G. Poluektov
- Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - Vladimir B. Dorokhov
- Laboratory of Sleep/Wake Neurobiology, the Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Henderson SEM, Brady EM, Robertson N. Associations between social jetlag and mental health in young people: A systematic review. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1316-1333. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1636813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. M. Henderson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Emer M. Brady
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Noelle Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Fetveit A, Straand J, Bjorvatn B, Kristoffersen ES. Self-reported sleeplessness in 12,655 persons living in the north of Norway: The Tromsø Study. Sleep Sci 2019; 12:147-155. [PMID: 31890089 PMCID: PMC6932837 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Fetveit
- University of Oslo, General Practice Research Unit, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society - Oslo - Norway
| | - Jørund Straand
- University of Oslo, General Practice Research Unit, Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society - Oslo - Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- University of Bergen, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care - Bergen - Norway
- Haukeland University Hospital, Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders - Bergen - Norway
| | - Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen
- University of Oslo, Department of General Practice - Oslo - Norway
- Akershus University Hospital, Department of Neurology - Lørenskog - Norway
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Delayed Sleep in Winter Related to Natural Daylight Exposure among Arctic Day Workers. Clocks Sleep 2018; 1:105-116. [PMID: 33089157 PMCID: PMC7509675 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural daylight exposures in arctic regions vary substantially across seasons. Negative consequences have been observed in self-reports of sleep and daytime functions during the winter but have rarely been studied in detail. The focus of the present study set out to investigate sleep seasonality among indoor workers using objective and subjective measures. Sleep seasonality among daytime office workers (n = 32) in Kiruna (Sweden, 67.86° N, 20.23° E) was studied by comparing the same group of workers in a winter and summer week, including work and days off at the weekend, using actigraphs (motion loggers) and subjective ratings of alertness and mood. Actigraph analyses showed delayed sleep onset of 39 min in winter compared to the corresponding summer week (p < 0.0001) and shorter weekly sleep duration by 12 min (p = 0.0154). A delay of mid-sleep was present in winter at workdays (25 min, p < 0.0001) and more strongly delayed during days off (46 min, p < 0.0001). Sleepiness levels were higher in winter compared to summer (p < 0.05). Increased morning light exposure was associated with earlier mid-sleep (p < 0.001), while increased evening light exposure was associated with delay (p < 0.01). This study confirms earlier work that suggests that lack of natural daylight delays the sleep/wake cycle in a group of indoor workers, despite having access to electric lighting. Photic stimuli resulted in a general advanced sleep/wake rhythm during summer and increased alertness levels.
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Friborg O, Sundby J, Rognmo K, Rosenvinge JH, Bergvik S. No seasonality in cognitive performance among adolescents at a subarctic latitude (69°N). APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oddgeir Friborg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Jørgen Sundby
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Kamilla Rognmo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Jan H. Rosenvinge
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
| | - Svein Bergvik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences; UiT- The Arctic University of Norway; Tromsø Norway
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Pattyn N, Van Puyvelde M, Fernandez-Tellez H, Roelands B, Mairesse O. From the midnight sun to the longest night: Sleep in Antarctica. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 37:159-172. [PMID: 28460798 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are the main health complaints from personnel deployed in Antarctica. The current paper presents a systematic review of research findings on sleep disturbances in Antarctica. The available sources were divided in three categories: results based on questionnaire surveys or sleep logs, studies using actigraphy, and data from polysomnography results. Other areas relevant to the issue were also examined. These included chronobiology, since the changes in photoperiod have been known to affect circadian rhythms, mood disturbances, exercise, sleep and hypoxia, countermeasure investigations in Antarctica, and other locations lacking a normal photoperiod. Based on the combination of our reviewed sources and data outside the field of sleep studies, or from other geographical locations, we defined hypotheses to be confirmed or infirmed, which allowed to summarize a research agenda. Despite the scarcity of sleep research on the Antarctic continent, the present review pinpointed some consistent changes in sleep during the Antarctic winter, the common denominators being a circadian phase delay, poor subjective sleep quality, an increased sleep fragmentation, as well as a decrease in slow wave sleep. Similar changes, albeit less pronounced, were observed during summer. Additional multidisciplinary research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these changes in sleep architecture, and to investigate interventions to improve the sleep quality of the men and women deployed in the Antarctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Pattyn
- Vital Signs and Performance Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology Dept, School for Exercise Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK.
| | - Martine Van Puyvelde
- Vital Signs and Performance Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helio Fernandez-Tellez
- Vital Signs and Performance Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology Dept, School for Exercise Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Bart Roelands
- Human Physiology Dept, School for Exercise Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Olivier Mairesse
- Vital Signs and Performance Research Unit, Royal Military Academy, Brussels, Belgium; Human Physiology Dept, School for Exercise Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; Sleep Laboratory and Unit for Chronobiology, Brugmann University Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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Mohyuddin H, Georgiou P, Wadhawan A, Daue ML, Brenner LA, Gragnoli C, Saunders EFH, Fuchs D, Lowry CA, Postolache TT. Seasonality of blood neopterin levels in the Old Order Amish. Pteridines 2017; 28:163-176. [PMID: 29657362 DOI: 10.1515/pterid-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal changes in non-human animals and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in humans are associated with immune activation in winter relative to summer. We intended to measure seasonal variation in neopterin, a marker of cellular immunity, and its interactions with gender and seasonality of mood. We studied 320 Amish from Lancaster, PA, USA (men = 128; 40%) with an average age [Standard deviation (SD)] of 56.7 (13.9) years. Blood neopterin level was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seasonality was measured with Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Statistical analysis included analysis of covariance (ANCOVAs) and multivariate linear regression. We also investigated interactions of seasonal differences in neopterin with gender, seasonality scores and estimation of SAD diagnosis. We found a significantly higher neopterin level in winter than in summer (p = 0.006). There were no significant gender or seasonality interactions. Our study confirmed the hypothesized higher neopterin level in winter. A cross sectional design was our major limitation. If this finding will be replicated by longitudinal studies in multiple groups, neopterin could be used to monitor immune status across seasons in demographically diverse samples, even if heterogeneous in gender distribution, and degree of seasonality of mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Mohyuddin
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; and Saint Elizabeths' Hospital, Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melanie L Daue
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; and Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Denver, CO, USA; and Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi Diagnostic Health Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Erika F H Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine and Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dietmar Fuchs
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Denver, CO, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, USA; and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Randler C, Freyth-Weber K, Rahafar A, Florez Jurado A, Kriegs JO. Morningness-eveningness in a large sample of German adolescents and adults. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00200. [PMID: 27957554 PMCID: PMC5133733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
People differ in their sleep-wake behavior. This individual difference is conceptualized in different aspects, such as wake up times, bed times, times of peak performance, as well as in morning affect. A total of 14,987 visitors of an exhibition in the LWL State Museum of Natural History, Münster (Germany), did the survey on chronotype and gave their consent that these data can be used for a scientific study. Age groups were coded into 5-year bins. Mean age (mean ± SD) was 28.2 ± 17.5 years. There were 8075 females (54%) and 6912 males in the sample. The German version of the rMEQ (reduced Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire) was used for data collection. The data showed clear age effects. Younger children are more morning oriented and become rapidly evening oriented during puberty, while the more attenuated turn towards morningness occurs from the age of 20 years. Then between the ages 25 to 30 morningness-eveningness remained rather stable. Significant gender differences existed in the reproductive age, i.e., the age groups 20 to 50 (corresponding to the age 16–50 years). In other age groups, no gender differences could be detected. Seasonal effects were also found. Chronotype score was lowest during the summer months (and more evening oriented). Based on the single item analysis of the five questions of the rMEQ, we found age group differences in all items. Gender differences occurred in all items except item 1, which deals with the preferred wake-up time. Men always scored significantly lower (i.e. more evening oriented) than women except in item 2 (tiredness after awakening). Seasonal effects were only significant in item 3, which is related to preferred bed times. People showed a later bed time preference during summer. The classification of chronotypes according to the cut-off scores provided by Adan and Almirall (1991) and by using the 20/80 percentile provided identical cut-off scores (values of 11 and below for evening types and 18 and above for morning types).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Freyth-Weber
- LWL-Museum für Naturkunde (LWL State Museum of Natural History), Münster, Sentruper Str. 285, D-48161 Münster, Germany
| | - Arash Rahafar
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Florez Jurado
- LWL-Museum für Naturkunde (LWL State Museum of Natural History), Münster, Sentruper Str. 285, D-48161 Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Ole Kriegs
- LWL-Museum für Naturkunde (LWL State Museum of Natural History), Münster, Sentruper Str. 285, D-48161 Münster, Germany
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Gabarron E, Lau AYS, Wynn R. Is There a Weekly Pattern for Health Searches on Wikipedia and Is the Pattern Unique to Health Topics? J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e286. [PMID: 26693859 PMCID: PMC4704932 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.5038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online health information-seeking behaviors have been reported to be more common at the beginning of the workweek. This behavior pattern has been interpreted as a kind of "healthy new start" or "fresh start" due to regrets or attempts to compensate for unhealthy behavior or poor choices made during the weekend. However, the observations regarding the most common health information-seeking day were based only on the analyses of users' behaviors with websites on health or on online health-related searches. We wanted to confirm if this pattern could be found in searches of Wikipedia on health-related topics and also if this search pattern was unique to health-related topics or if it could represent a more general pattern of online information searching--which could be of relevance even beyond the health sector. OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the degree to which the search pattern described previously was specific to health-related information seeking or whether similar patterns could be found in other types of information-seeking behavior. METHODS We extracted the number of searches performed on Wikipedia in the Norwegian language for 911 days for the most common sexually transmitted diseases (chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], and acquired immune deficiency syndrome [AIDS]), other health-related topics (influenza, diabetes, and menopause), and 2 nonhealth-related topics (footballer Lionel Messi and pop singer Justin Bieber). The search dates were classified according to the day of the week and ANOVA tests were used to compare the average number of hits per day of the week. RESULTS The ANOVA tests showed that the sexually transmitted disease queries had their highest peaks on Tuesdays (P<.001) and the fewest searches on Saturdays. The other health topics also showed a weekly pattern, with the highest peaks early in the week and lower numbers on Saturdays (P<.001). Footballer Lionel Messi had the highest mean number of hits on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, whereas pop singer Justin Bieber had the most hits on Tuesdays. Both these tracked search queries also showed significantly lower numbers on Saturdays (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study supports prior studies finding an increase in health information searching at the beginning of the workweek. However, we also found a similar pattern for 2 randomly chosen nonhealth-related terms, which may suggest that the search pattern is not unique to health-related searches. The results are potentially relevant beyond the field of health and our preliminary findings need to be further explored in future studies involving a broader range of nonhealth-related searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Gabarron
- Norwegian Centre for E-health Research, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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Putilov AA. Gender Difference in Timing of Nocturnal Rise of Subjective Sleepiness. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Experimental research of diurnal variations in body temperature and melatonin secretion consistently revealed an earlier entrained circadian phase in women than in men. Since it is well documented that daily fluctuations in self-reported level of sleepiness closely follow the circadian rhythms of melatonin and body temperature, one can predict that gender differences in phase characteristics of the 24-hour fluctuations of subjective sleepiness resemble the differences revealed by research of physiological and hormonal rhythms. Analysis of sleepiness self-scored by 46 male and 54 female participants of sleep deprivation experiments showed that female participants scored significantly higher their midnight sleepiness level. The model-based simulations of sleepiness curves confirmed the prediction of a relatively earlier phase of 24-hour oscillations of sleepiness in women. Such gender differences persisted after accounting for individual variation in habitual sleep times and morning-evening preference. In today’s environment, the earlier circadian phase in women can cause a larger delaying phase shift in response to midnight exposure to artificial light, but, on the other hand, the earlier rise of subjective sleepiness can make them less vulnerable to the delaying shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcady A. Putilov
- Research Institute for Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Masal E, Randler C, Beşoluk Ş, Önder İ, Horzum MB, Vollmer C. Effects of longitude, latitude and social factors on chronotype in Turkish students. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim JH, Chang JH, Kim DY, Kang JW. Association Between Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Serum Vitamin D Level in Elderly Korean Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:2327-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hong Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; School of Medicine; Jeju National University; Jeju Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; National Health Insurance Corporation; Ilsan Hospital; Goyang Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; School of Medicine; Jeju National University; Jeju Korea
| | - Ju Wan Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; College of Medicine; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
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Friborg O, Rosenvinge JH, Wynn R, Gradisar M. Sleep timing, chronotype, mood, and behavior at an Arctic latitude (69°N). Sleep Med 2014; 15:798-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Johnsen MT, Wynn R, Bratlid T. Optimal sleep duration in the subarctic with respect to obesity risk is 8-9 hours. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56756. [PMID: 23457611 PMCID: PMC3574051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep duration, chronotype and social jetlag have been associated with body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity. The optimal sleep duration regarding BMI has previously been found to be 7-8 hours, but these studies have not been carried out in the subarctic or have lacked some central variables. The aims of our study were to examine the associations between sleep variables and body composition for people living in the subarctic, taking a range of variables into consideration, including lifestyle variables, health variables and biological factors. METHODS The cross sectional population Tromsø Study was conducted in northern Norway, above the Arctic Circle. 6413 persons aged 30-65 years completed questionnaires including self-reported sleep times, lifestyle and health. They also measured height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and biological factors (non-fasting serum level of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose). The study period was from 1 October 2007 to 19 December 2008. RESULTS The optimal sleep length regarding BMI and waist circumference was found to be 8-9 hours. Short sleepers (<6 h) had about 80% increased risk of being in the BMI≥25 kg/m2 group and male short sleepers had doubled risk of having waist circumference ≥102 cm compared to 8-9 hours sleepers. We found no impact of chronotype or social jetlag on BMI or abdominal obesity after controlling for health, lifestyle, and biological parameters. CONCLUSIONS In our subarctic population, the optimal sleep duration time regarding risk of overweight and abdominal obesity was 8-9 hours, which is one hour longer compared to findings from other studies. Short sleepers had 80% increased risk of being overweight, and men had a doubled risk of having abdominal obesity. We found no associations between chronotype or social jetlag and BMI or abdominal obesity, when we took a range of life-style, health and biological variables into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Trude Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
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