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Mathew GM, Reichenberger DA, Master L, Buxton OM, Chang AM, Hale L. Actigraphic sleep dimensions and associations with academic functioning among adolescents. Sleep 2024; 47:zsae062. [PMID: 38442263 PMCID: PMC11236952 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES There is mixed evidence regarding associations of sleep duration with academic functioning in adolescents and a lack of research on other sleep dimensions, particularly using objective sleep measures. We examined associations of multiple actigraphic sleep dimensions with academic functioning among adolescents. METHODS Data were from the sleep sub-study of the age 15 wave of the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 774-782; 52% female), a national, diverse sample of teens. Adolescents wore wrist-actigraphs for ~1 week and completed a survey reporting academic performance and school-related behavioral problems. Regression models assessed whether average sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and SD-variability were associated with self-reported academic functioning in cross-sectional analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and anxious symptoms. RESULTS Later sleep timing (hours) and greater sleep variability (SD-hours) were associated with poorer academic outcomes, including sleep onset variability with higher odds of receiving a D or lower (OR = 1.29), sleep onset (β = -.07), sleep offset (β = -.08), and sleep duration variability (β = -.08) with fewer A grades, sleep offset with lower GPA (β = -.07), sleep offset (OR = 1.11), sleep duration variability (OR = 1.31), and sleep onset variability (OR = 1.42) with higher odds of being suspended or expelled in the past 2 years, and sleep duration variability with greater trouble at school (β = .13). Sleep duration, sleep maintenance efficiency, and sleep regularity index were not associated with academic functioning. CONCLUSIONS Later sleep timing and greater sleep variability are risk factors for certain academic problems among adolescents. Promoting sufficient, regular sleep timing across the week may improve adolescent academic functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Marie Mathew
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David A Reichenberger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay Master
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Chang
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Health Sciences Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Xie Y, Zeng F, Dai Z. The Links Among Cumulative Ecological Risk and Smartphone Addiction, Sleep Quality in Chinese University Freshmen: A Two-Wave Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:379-392. [PMID: 38317739 PMCID: PMC10840536 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s445166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose While previous research has highlighted the influence of family, school, and peer factors on smartphone addiction and sleep quality, the cumulative effects of these risk factors and their underlying causal relationships remain poorly understood. Therefore, based on the cumulative risk model and the bioecological model of human development, this study examined the longitudinal associations between cumulative ecological risk and smartphone addiction and sleep quality. Methods A survey was conducted among 653 Chinese university freshmen (mean age 18.56) at two distinct time points, with a 6-month interval. The initial assessment focused on family, school, and peer risk factors, while the subsequent assessment focused on smartphone addiction and sleep quality. Results Approximately 63.71% of university freshmen were found to be at risk of exposure. Compared to other risk-exposure groups, the group with no-risk exposure exhibited the lowest scores for smartphone addiction and sleep quality. The relationships between cumulative ecological risk and smartphone addiction and sleep quality displayed a linear pattern and a discernible "gradient effect". Smartphone addiction was identified as a fully mediating factor in the link between cumulative ecological risk and sleep quality, with a mediating effect value of 0.08 (representing 44.44% of the total effect). Conclusion University freshmen face various risks associated with their families, schools, and peers. The cumulative ecological risk can, directly and indirectly, impact sleep quality by influencing smartphone addiction. Given the observed "gradient effect" of cumulative ecological risk on smartphone addiction and sleep quality, it is imperative to adopt comprehensive risk prevention strategies to mitigate the impact of each risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Xie
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feiyan Zeng
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Dai
- Department of Applied Psychology, Changsha Normal University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Vidueira VF, Booth JN, Saunders DH, Sproule J, Turner AP. Circadian preference and physical and cognitive performance in adolescence: A scoping review. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:1296-1331. [PMID: 37781788 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2256901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a crucial period of development which coincides with changes in circadian rhythmicity. This may augment the impact of circadian preference on performance in this group. We aimed to scope the literature available on chronotypes and their effect on physical and mental aspects of performance in adolescents. Studies were identified by systematically searching bibliographical databases and grey literature. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was the most frequently reported tool for circadian preference assessment. Academic achievement was the most prevailing outcome, with evidence suggesting that morning type adolescents tend to outperform evening types, yet the results vary depending on multiple factors. Performance in tests of intelligence and executive functions was generally better at optimal times of the day (synchrony effect). Physical performance was examined in 8 studies, with very heterogeneous outcomes. Although the associations between circadian preference and performance in adolescents are evident in some areas, there are many factors that may be involved in the relationship and require further investigation. This review highlights the assessment of physical performance in relation to chronotypes, the multidimensional assessment of circadian preference, and the need for longitudinal studies as priorities for further research.Protocol: OSF Registration - Public registration, DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/UCA3Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Vidueira
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Josie N Booth
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Education, Community and Society (IECS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David H Saunders
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John Sproule
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anthony P Turner
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences (ISPEHS), Human Performance Science Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Williamson AA, Fan J, Distel L, Xiao R, Stefanovski D, Tapia IE. Nighttime sleep duration and variability in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: Sociodemographic disparities and neurobehavioral outcomes. Sleep Med 2023; 102:165-172. [PMID: 36682144 PMCID: PMC9945457 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined differences in sleep patterns by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) among children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), and linkages between sleep patterns and neurobehavioral functioning. METHOD We used baseline data from the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Study (CHAT), a multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of early adenotonsillectomy versus watchful waiting with supportive care for children with OSAS. Participants included children with OSAS (ages 5.0-9.9 years). SES indicators were obtained via questionnaire and geocoding (ArcGIS version 10.1). Caregivers and teachers reported on child inattention/impulsivity and executive functioning. Nighttime sleep duration and variability were measured using five-night sleep diaries. RESULTS Black children experienced shorter nighttime sleep duration than White children, by about 25 min, as well as greater sleep duration variability, while sleep duration was more variable in children of "other" racial and ethnic backgrounds versus White children. Of the socioeconomic correlates, only lower family income was associated with sleep duration variability. A short and more variable nighttime sleep duration were each associated with caregiver-rated child inattention and impulsivity. Greater sleep duration variability was linked to greater teacher-rated, but not caregiver-rated, executive functioning impairments. CONCLUSIONS Compared to White children with OSAS, Black children with OSAS experience a shorter and more variable nighttime sleep duration. Having a short and/or variable sleep duration may increase risk for neurobehavioral impairments in youth with OSAS, underscoring the potential benefits of sleep health promotion in the context of OSAS care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Williamson
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jiaxin Fan
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Distel
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rui Xiao
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- Veterinary School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ignacio E Tapia
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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De Lise F, Bacaro V, Crocetti E. The Social Side of Sleep: A Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Associations between Peer Relationships and Sleep Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20032017. [PMID: 36767384 PMCID: PMC9916135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In adolescence, peer relationships become crucial since youths start to rely on their peers for support. Thus, multiple facets of adolescents' well-being are affected by their peer relationships. In this vein, one of the central well-being aspects that could be affected by the peer relationships of adolescents is sleep quality. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how multiple peer relationship factors (i.e., positive, negative, emotional, and behavioral issues related to peer relationships) are intertwined with adolescents' sleep quality. For this reason, this systematic review with meta-analysis aims to summarize longitudinal studies to uncover how the interplay between peer relationship factors and adolescents' sleep quality unfolds over time. Nineteen longitudinal studies involving a total of 21,232 adolescents were included. Overall, findings from this review showed that (a) positive peer relationships and sleep quality were not associated over time; (b) negative peer relationships and sleep quality were bidirectionally associated over time; (c) few studies evaluated the bidirectional relations between emotional and behavioral issues and sleep quality, showing links with sleep schedule and duration, but not with sleep quality. Meta-analytic results were discussed, considering their implications.
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A Weight and Meta-Analysis on the Academic Achievement of High School Students. EDUCATION SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/educsci12050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of academic achievement (AA) is crucial for virtually every stakeholder interested in personal development and individual and societal wellbeing. Extensive research in several areas, such as education, economics, or psychology, has addressed this topic, identifying a vast number of determinants that impact high school students’ AA. In this work, we perform a meta-analysis, including a weight analysis of 49 quantitative studies that investigate this topic, exploring the best predictors of high school students’ academic success. We also explore moderation effects. Our results show that academic self-efficacy and socioeconomic status are the best predictors of AA, and they are statistically significant. Other statistically significant predictors, albeit less common in the analyses, are mastery avoidance, motivation, sleep habits, and work avoidance. Implications for theory and practice and directions for future research are discussed.
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Need for cognition moderates the impairment of decision making caused by nightshift work in nurses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1756. [PMID: 35110674 PMCID: PMC8810797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explores the effect of nightshift work on the decision-making competence and performance of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and analyzes whether individual differences in the need for cognition (NFC) can moderate this effect. A total of 107 female nurses were recruited to complete the decision-making competence scale and IGT at two times, after a night shift and after a day shift. The results revealed that the IGT scores and decision-making competence of nurses after nightshift work significantly declined, and also that the decrease in decision-making competence was related to the nurses’ performance of the IGT. Additionally, the decreasing degree of IGT and decision-making competence scores of the high-NFC group were significantly lower than those of the low-NFC group after nightshift work. In can be concluded that the decrease in decision-making competence which was related with poor decision-making due to nightshift work. NFC moderated the effect of nightshift work on decision-making.
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Ziporyn TD, Owens JA, Wahlstrom KL, Wolfson AR, Troxel WM, Saletin JM, Rubens SL, Pelayo R, Payne PA, Hale L, Keller I, Carskadon MA. Adolescent sleep health and school start times: Setting the research agenda for California and beyond: A research summit summary: A research summit summary. Sleep Health 2021; 8:11-22. [PMID: 34991996 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In fall 2019, California passed and signed into law SB328, the first US statewide legislation explicitly designed to protect adolescent sleep health by requiring most California public school districts to start no earlier than 8:00 AM for middle schools and 8:30 AM for high schools. Recognizing the unique opportunity presented by the bill's 3-year implementation period, a group of experts in adolescent sleep and school start times held a virtual summit on January 22-23, 2021 to (1) summarize the research on adolescent sleep and school start time change; (2) develop recommendations for relevant, refined, and innovative research areas and research questions; (3) provide input regarding research design, methodology, and implementation; and (4) offer a forum for networking, exchanging ideas, and establishing interdisciplinary research collaborations. Participants represented a multidisciplinary range of academic backgrounds including sleep and circadian biology, neuroscience, education, medicine, public health, mental health, safety, public policy, economics, implementation science, criminology, diversity studies, and science communication. This paper summarizes summit presentations regarding current knowledge on adolescent sleep health and school start times and key research recommendations from small group workshops on topics including research design and tools, methodological issues, sleep health disparities, logistical challenges in conducting school-based research, public-health impact, and novel and expanded approaches to research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyla L Wahlstrom
- Department of Organizational Leadership, Policy and Development, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy R Wolfson
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy M Troxel
- Behavior and Policy Sciences, RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared M Saletin
- EP Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sonia L Rubens
- Department of Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Rafael Pelayo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Lauren Hale
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Irena Keller
- Department of Psychology, Las Positas College, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- EP Bradley Hospital Sleep Research Laboratory, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Scherrer V, Preckel F. Circadian preference and academic achievement in school-aged students: a systematic review and a longitudinal investigation of reciprocal relations. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1195-1214. [PMID: 33980088 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1921788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We provide a systematic review of findings on the relation between circadian preference and school achievement published after the last comprehensive review in 2015. We further test this relation in a longitudinal study. Our review of 26 studies revealed a positive relation between morningness and students' school achievement, and a negative relation between eveningness and school achievement. In most studies, these relations were not affected by students' age, sex, or intelligence, but were significantly mediated by students' conscientiousness, motivation, and sleep behavior. Furthermore, circadian preference and school achievement showed no significant relation when school started in the afternoon. All studies were cross-sectional. Therefore, the direction of the relations between circadian preference, school achievement, and potential mediating variables like conscientiousness and motivation could not be investigated. In our longitudinal study, we tested the direction of the relations between circadian preference, academic achievement, conscientiousness, self-efficacy, and attitude toward school over time in a sample of 764 German high school students who were tested in the first (T1) and third (T2) year of high school. Findings from confirmatory cross-lagged models indicated reciprocal relations between circadian preference and school achievement: T1 morningness positively predicted change in grade point average over time while T1 grade point average positively predicted change in morningness and negatively predicted change in eveningness. Furthermore, T1 conscientiousness and T1 attitude toward school both positively predicted change in morningness, whereas T1 morningness and T1 eveningness did not significantly predict change in these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franzis Preckel
- Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany
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10
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Galina SD, Souza JC, Valdez P, Azevedo CVM. Daily light exposure, sleep-wake cycle and attention in adolescents from different urban contexts. Sleep Med 2021; 81:410-417. [PMID: 33826994 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to compare daily light exposure, activity-rest rhythm, sleep-wake cycle (SWC) and attention in Brazilian students living in different levels of urbanization. METHODS 115 adolescents (74 girls), aged 14-18 years (mean 15.5 ± 0.7 years), from the first years of high school have participated. The SWC was evaluated by actimetry and a Sleep Diary for 10 days. Besides, the "Health and Sleep" Questionnaire, the Morningness and Eveningness Scale for adolescents, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale were answered. Attention was assessed by a Continuous Performance Task. RESULTS In the less urbanized region, there were a greater exposure to light during the day accompanied by a higher proportion of morning-types and less occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness. Otherwise, in the more urbanized region, adolescents showed a trend to sleep less in weekdays and presented more irregularity in sleep duration between weekdays and weekend, with 83 ± 15% of sleep efficiency, 01:04 ± 1:30 h of WASO and 7 ± 6.7 awakenings per night on the weekdays, suggestive of poor sleep quality. Despite of this, they showed better attentional performance: more correct responses (tonic and phasic alertness, and sustained attention) and less omissions (for all components). Regardless of the degree of urbanization, there was partial sleep deprivation, irregular sleep schedules and poor sleep quality in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The daily light exposure and activity-rest profiles, SWC and attention in adolescents varied according to the degree of urbanization. Besides, the negative impacts of early school starting times leading to sleep deprivation, irregular sleep times and poor sleep quality were observed irrespective of the degree of urbanization, reinforcing that the early school starting time at morning is a strong temporal challenge for teenagers, having negative impacts on cognition and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabinne D Galina
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jane C Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí, FACISA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Pablo Valdez
- Laboratorio de Psicofisiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Carolina V M Azevedo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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11
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu K, Wang X, Yang H, Zhou N, Ao L, Liu J, Cao J. Sleep behavior is associated with over two-fold decrease of sperm count in a chronotype-specific pattern: path analysis of 667 young men in the MARHCS study. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:871-882. [PMID: 33715553 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1896534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the reduction of sperm count is associated with sleep behaviors, including restricted/excessive sleep duration, late sleep time midpoint, and shift of sleep midpoint time (social jetlag). Chronotype is suggested to regulate sleep behaviors; however, the relationship between chronotype and human sperm count is unknown. The relationship between sleep behaviors and human sperm count, when sleep behaviors as well as chronotype are controlled is also unclear. We performed a path analysis of the data obtained from 667 Chinese men recruited into the MARHCS (Male Reproductive Health in Chongqing College Students) study. Chronotype, sleep duration, sleep time midpoint, and social jetlag were estimated by the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire. Sperm count was measured by computer-aided sperm analysis. The comprehensive relationship between chronotype, all sleep behaviors, and sperm count was tested by path analysis, in which the standardized residual of sperm count was used for adjustment of age, abstinence period, body mass index, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and intake of tea, cola, and coffee. Our major findings are: (1) Chronotype negatively correlated with sleep duration (correlation coefficient (R) = -0.32, P < .001) and positively correlated with sleep midpoint (R = 0.65, P < .001) and social jetlag (R = 0.37, P < .001). (2) Sleep duration (U-shape transformed; R = -0.11, P = .005), sleep midpoint (R = -0.09, P = .021), and social jetlag (R = -0.12, P = .001), respectively, correlated with sperm count in univariate analysis. The relationship between sleep midpoint and sperm count disappeared when social jetlag was controlled. (3) Path analysis showed that chronotype is connected with sperm count through two pathways: via sleep duration (standardized path coefficient = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.17 to -0.01, P = .030) and via social jetlag (standardized path coefficient = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.17 to -0.01, P = .031). For men of earlier, intermediate, and later tertile of chronotype, the sleep-duration-related decrease of sperm count was separately estimated to be 16.3%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, while the social-jetlag-related decrease of sperm count was estimated to be 9.3%, 12.8%, and 19.2%. The total effect of sleep behaviors on sperm count was estimated to be 25.7%, 25.6%, and 30.7%, with an average of 27.4% for men of different chronotypes. The present study showed that men of earlier chronotype were prone to restricted/excessive sleep duration, while men of later chronotype were prone to social jetlag, both of which correlated with reduced sperm count, suggesting that chronotype may modulate the sleep behaviors and exert dual effects on sperm count via different sleep behaviors, leading to a ubiquitous sperm decline. Men of different chronotypes should take care to avoid different types of improper sleep behaviors, so as to prevent such deleterious effect on sperm count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Frontier Defence Medical Service Training Group, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Xinjiang, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Niya Zhou
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Ao
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyi Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Hu Y, Niu Z, Dai L, Maguire R, Zong Z, Hu Y, Wang D. The relationship between sleep pattern and depression in Chinese shift workers: A mediating role of emotional exhaustion. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Hu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Zhaoxiang Niu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Lejiao Dai
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Rebecca Maguire
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland,
| | - Zhaobiao Zong
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Yu Hu
- Office of Educational Administration, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Dawei Wang
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
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Klavina-Makrecka S, Gobina I, Pulmanis T, Pudule I, Villerusa A. Insufficient sleep duration in association with self-reported pain and corresponding medicine use among adolescents: a cross-sectional population-based study in Latvia. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1365-1371. [PMID: 32930816 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pain among adolescents is prevalent that may negatively affect adolescents' general well-being of which sleep is an important domain. This study aims to explore the associations between weekly pain and medicine use for relevant pain and insufficient sleep duration among 11-, 13- and 15-year-old adolescents in Latvia by assessing the moderation effect of gender and age. METHODS Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study on 2017/2018 of Latvia (n = 4412; 49.6% boys) were used. Logistic regression was applied to analyse the odds of insufficient sleep (< 7 h) on schooldays and weekends in association with weekly headache, stomach ache or backache and corresponding medicine use when testing the interaction effect of adolescents' gender and age. RESULTS The experience of weekly pain with or without medicine use significantly increased the odds of insufficient sleep compared to adolescents with pain less than weekly, while controlling for gender and age. The interaction effect of gender and age on the studied associations was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Weekly pain among adolescents is a significant risk factor for insufficient sleep duration, regardless of adolescents' gender and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvita Klavina-Makrecka
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda bulv. 9, Riga, LV, 1010, Latvia.
| | - Inese Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda bulv. 9, Riga, LV, 1010, Latvia.,Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Kapseļu Str. 23, Riga, Latvia
| | - Toms Pulmanis
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda bulv. 9, Riga, LV, 1010, Latvia
| | - Iveta Pudule
- Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Duntes Str. 22, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anita Villerusa
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Kronvalda bulv. 9, Riga, LV, 1010, Latvia.,Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Kapseļu Str. 23, Riga, Latvia
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Stefansdottir R, Rognvaldsdottir V, Gestsdottir S, Gudmundsdottir SL, Chen KY, Brychta RJ, Johannsson E. Changes in sleep and activity from age 15 to 17 in students with traditional and college-style school schedules. Sleep Health 2020; 6:749-757. [PMID: 32534820 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep duration and physical activity decline with age during adolescence. Earlier school schedules may contribute to these declines. The aim of this longitudinal study was to track changes in sleep and activity of Icelandic youth from primary to secondary school and compare students who enrolled in secondary schools with traditional and college-style schedules. METHODS We measured free-living sleep and activity with wrist actigraphy and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 145 students at age 15 and age 17, when 58% attended schools with college-style scheduling. Differences from 15 to 17 and between students of different school structures were assessed with mixed-effect models. RESULTS Actigraphs were worn for 7.1 ± 0.4 nights at 15 and 6.9 ± 0.4 nights at 17. Overall, sleep duration decreased from 6.6 ± 0.7 h/night to 6.2 ± 0.7 h/night from age 15 to 17 (P < .001). Students with traditional schedules reduced school-night sleep duration 26 min/night at follow-up (P< .001), while sleep duration did not change for college-style students. All students went to bed later on school nights at follow-up, but only college-style students rose later. Sleep efficiency and awakenings did not differ by schedule-type. Neither sex changed body fat percentage, but average school-day activity decreased by 19% (P< .001) on follow-up and did not differ by schedule-type. CONCLUSIONS Over the 2-year period, adolescents decreased weekly sleep duration and activity, but only those continuing traditional schedules reduced school-night sleep. This suggests greater individual control of school schedule may preserve sleep duration in this age group, which may be beneficial during the transition into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Stefansdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sunna Gestsdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Sharman R, Illingworth G. Adolescent sleep and school performance — the problem of sleepy teenagers. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Ye B, Zhu Y, Wang X, Wei S, Liang Y. Association between sleep-wake habits and use of health care services of middle-aged and elderly adults in China. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3926-3935. [PMID: 32092045 PMCID: PMC7066913 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between sleep-wake habits and the use of health care services. RESULTS The proportions of the participants who were "early to bed" and "late to bed" were 48.7% and 51.3%, respectively. In the full sample, compared with those who were early to bed and early to rise, participants who went to bed late were more likely to report physician visits (late to bed and early to rise: OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.08-1.19, late to bed and late to rise: OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18-1.38, respectively). We found no significant association between sleep-wake habits and the number of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Those middle-aged and elderly people who stayed up late and got up late are more likely to visit the doctors than those who went to bed early and got up early. METHODS We obtained data from a cohort study of retired employees in China, and 36,601 (95.59%) involved in the present study. The participants were allocated into 4 sleep-wake habits groups: Early-bed/Early-rise, Early-bed/Late-rise, Late-bed/Early-rise, and Late-bed/Late-rise. We explored the association between sleep-wake habits with the number of physician visits and hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beizhu Ye
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yimei Zhu
- School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7JA, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Viticchi G, Falsetti L, Paolucci M, Altamura C, Buratti L, Salvemini S, Brunelli N, Bartolini M, Vernieri F, Silvestrini M. Influence of chronotype on migraine characteristics. Neurol Sci 2019; 40:1841-1848. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Matricciani L, Bin YS, Lallukka T, Kronholm E, Wake M, Paquet C, Dumuid D, Olds T. Rethinking the sleep-health link. Sleep Health 2018; 4:339-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Galland BC, Short MA, Terrill P, Rigney G, Haszard JJ, Coussens S, Foster-Owens M, Biggs SN. Establishing normal values for pediatric nighttime sleep measured by actigraphy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep 2018; 41:4954015. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Philip Terrill
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Rigney
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jillian J Haszard
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Scott Coussens
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mistral Foster-Owens
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah N Biggs
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Kuula L, Pesonen AK, Merikanto I, Gradisar M, Lahti J, Heinonen K, Kajantie E, Räikkönen K. Development of Late Circadian Preference: Sleep Timing From Childhood to Late Adolescence. J Pediatr 2018; 194:182-189.e1. [PMID: 29221693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess differences relating to circadian preference in objectively measured sleep patterns from childhood to adolescence over a 9-year period. We hypothesized there is developmental continuity in sleep timing and duration according to circadian preference. STUDY DESIGN Young participants (N = 111, 65% girls) from a community-based birth cohort underwent sleep actigraphy at mean ages 8.1 (SD = 0.3), 12.3 (SD = 0.5), and 16.9 (SD = 0.1) years. A short version of Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was administered in late adolescence. At each follow-up, sleep midpoint, duration, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and weekend catch-up sleep were compared between those reporting morning, intermediate, and evening preferences in late adolescence. RESULTS Mixed model analyses indicated that sleep timing was significantly earlier among morning types compared with evening types at all ages (P values < .04). The mean differences in sleep midpoint between morning and evening types increased from a mean of 19 minutes (age 8), 36 minutes (age 12), to 89 minutes (age 17). The largest change occurred from age 12 to 17 years. Sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and catch-up sleep did not differ according to circadian preference. CONCLUSIONS This study found significant continuity in sleep timing from childhood to adolescence over 9 years, indicating that late circadian preference reported in late adolescence begins to manifest in middle childhood. Further studies are needed to establish whether sleep timing has its origins at an even earlier age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisa Kuula
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anu-Katriina Pesonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Guglielmo D, Gazmararian JA, Chung J, Rogers AE, Hale L. Racial/ethnic sleep disparities in US school-aged children and adolescents: a review of the literature. Sleep Health 2017; 4:68-80. [PMID: 29332684 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is essential for optimal health, well-being, and cognitive functioning, and yet nationwide, youth are not obtaining consistent, adequate, or high-quality sleep. In fact, more than two-thirds of US adolescents are sleeping less than 8 hours nightly on school nights. Racial and ethnic minority children and adolescents are at an increased risk of having shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality than their white peers. In this review, we critically examined and compared results from 23 studies that have investigated racial/ethnic sleep disparities in American school-aged children and adolescents ages 6-19 years. We found that White youth generally had more sufficient sleep than minority youth, Hispanics had more than Blacks, and there was inconclusive evidence for Asians and other minorities. Recommendations for researchers include the following: (1) explore underlying causes of the disparities of these subpopulations, with a particular interest in identifying modifiable causes; (2) examine factors that may be impacted by racial/ethnic sleep disparities; (3) use a multidimensional approach to measuring sleep disparities; and (4) examine how beliefs about sleep are patterned by race/ethnicity. Understanding sleep disparities can inform interventions, policies, and educational programs to minimize sleep disparities and their impact on health, psychological, and educational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Guglielmo
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Julie A Gazmararian
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joon Chung
- Department of Sociology, Emory University, 1555 Dickey Dr, 225 Tarbutton Hall, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ann E Rogers
- Nell Hodgson School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lauren Hale
- Program in Public Health and Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Level 3, Room 071, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Beebe DW, Field J, Milller MM, Miller LE, LeBlond E. Impact of Multi-Night Experimentally Induced Short Sleep on Adolescent Performance in a Simulated Classroom. Sleep 2017; 40:2666708. [PMID: 28364497 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives Investigate whether a realistic "dose" of shortened sleep, relative to a well-rested state, causes a decline in adolescents' learning and an increase in inattentive and sleepy behaviors in a simulated classroom setting. Methods Eighty-seven healthy 14.0- to 16.9-year olds underwent a 3-week sleep manipulation protocol, including two 5-night sleep manipulation conditions presented in a randomly counterbalanced within-subjects cross-over design. Wake time was held constant. Bedtimes were set to induce Short Sleep (SS; 6.5 hours in bed) versus Healthy Sleep (HS; 10 hours in bed). During the morning at the end of each condition, participants underwent a simulated classroom procedure in which they viewed lecture-based educational videotapes and completed relevant quizzes. Their behaviors in the simulated classroom were later coded by condition-blind raters for evidence of inattention and sleepiness. Results Adolescents had a longer average sleep period during HS (9.1 hours) than SS (6.5 hours). Compared to scores during HS, adolescents scored significantly lower on the quiz, showed more behaviors suggestive of inattention and sleepiness in the simulated classroom, and were reported by adolescents themselves and by their parents to be more inattentive and sleepy during SS. However, the impact of the manipulation on quiz scores was not mediated by changes in attention or sleepiness. Conclusions Although effect sizes were modest, these findings suggest that previously-reported correlations between sleep duration and academic performance reflect true cause-effect relationships. Findings add to the growing evidence that the chronically shortened sleep experienced by many adolescents on school nights adversely impacts their functioning and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean W Beebe
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine,Cincinnati, OH
| | - Julie Field
- Immaculate Heart of Mary School, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Megan M Milller
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis,Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lauren E Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut,Storrs, CT
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Owens JA, Dearth-Wesley T, Lewin D, Gioia G, Whitaker RC. Self-Regulation and Sleep Duration, Sleepiness, and Chronotype in Adolescents. Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-1406. [PMID: 27940688 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether shorter school-night sleep duration, greater daytime sleepiness, and greater eveningness chronotype were associated with lower self-regulation among adolescents. METHODS An online survey of 7th- to 12th-grade students in 19 schools in Fairfax County, Virginia Public Schools was conducted in 2015. Self-regulation was measured with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, 2nd edition, Screening Self-Report Form. Sleep measures included school night-sleep duration (hours between usual bedtime and wake time), daytime sleepiness (Sleepiness Scale in the Sleep Habits Survey, tertiles), and chronotype (Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children, continuous score and tertiles). Sociodemographic factors and mental health conditions were analyzed as potential confounders. RESULTS Among 2017 students surveyed, the mean age was 15.0 years (range, 12.1-18.9 years), and 21.7% slept <7 hours on school nights. In regression models adjusted for confounders, there was a significant independent association between self-regulation and both chronotype (P < .001) and daytime sleepiness (P < .001) but not sleep duration (P = .80). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of daytime sleepiness, those in the highest tertile had lower (0.59 SD units; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.71) self-regulation, as did those in the eveningness tertile of chronotype compared with those in the morningness tertile (0.35 SD units lower; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.46). CONCLUSIONS Among adolescents, greater daytime sleepiness and greater eveningness chronotype were independently associated with lower self-regulation, but shorter sleep duration was not. Aspects of sleep other than school-night sleep duration appear to be more strongly associated with self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Owens
- Division of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Gerard Gioia
- Neuropsychology, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Robert C Whitaker
- Center for Obesity Research and Education and .,Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and.,Pediatrics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Disruption of adolescents’ circadian clock: The vicious circle of media use, exposure to light at night, sleep loss and risk behaviors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 110:467-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined how neighborhood access to recreation facilities and physical activity are linked to multiple indices of adolescent sleep. Physical activity was also assessed as a mediator of the association between access to recreation facilities and sleep. DESIGN The study used a cross-sectional design and path modeling analysis techniques. SETTING Participants were recruited from small towns and semi-rural communities in Alabama. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 231 adolescents (55% female) with an average age of 16.75 years (SD = .81). Sixty-seven percent of the youth were European American and 33% were African American. The sample was socioeconomically diverse with more than a third of participants living at or below the poverty line and less than half from middle class families. MEASUREMENTS Adolescent neighborhood access to recreation facilities and physical activity were assessed via self-report. Sleep minutes, efficiency, and schedule were measured using actigraphy. RESULTS Access to recreation facilities was associated with more sleep minutes and later morning wake time, as well as a trend towards increased sleep efficiency. Access to recreation facilities was also linked to more physical activity, and physical activity was related to more sleep minutes, later wake time, and less wake time variability. Physical activity was a mediating and intervening link between access to recreation facilities and these sleep parameters. CONCLUSIONS Findings implicate physical activity as one mechanism linking neighborhood context to adolescent sleep. The results suggest that establishing more neighborhood opportunities for physical activity may have cascading effects on multiple aspects of adolescent physical health.
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Figueiro MG, Hunter CM, Higgins P, Hornick T, Jones GE, Plitnick B, Brons J, Rea MS. Tailored Lighting Intervention for Persons with Dementia and Caregivers Living at Home. Sleep Health 2015; 1:322-330. [PMID: 27066526 PMCID: PMC4822719 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Light therapy has shown promise as a nonpharmacological treatment to help regulate abnormal sleep-wake patterns and associated behavioral issues prevalent among individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). The present study investigated the effectiveness of a lighting intervention designed to increase circadian stimulation during the day using light sources that have high short-wavelength content and high light output. METHODS Thirty-five persons with ADRD and 34 caregivers completed the 11-week study. During week 1, subjective questionnaires were administered to the study participants. During week 2, baseline data were collected using Daysimeters and actigraphs. Researchers installed the lighting during week 3, followed by 4 weeks of the tailored lighting intervention. During the last week of the lighting intervention, Daysimeter, actigraph and questionnaire data were again collected. Three weeks after the lighting intervention was removed, a third data collection (post-intervention assessment) was performed. RESULTS The lighting intervention significantly increased circadian entrainment, as measured by phasor magnitude and sleep efficiency, as measured by actigraphy data, and significantly reduced symptoms of depression in the participants with ADRD. The caregivers also exhibited an increase in circadian entrainment during the lighting intervention; a seasonal effect of greater sleep efficiency and longer sleep duration was also found for caregivers. CONCLUSIONS An ambient lighting intervention designed to increase daytime circadian stimulation can be used to increase sleep efficiency in persons with ADRD and their caregivers, and may also be effective for other populations such as healthy older adults with sleep problems, adolescents, and veterans with traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia M. Hunter
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Higgins
- School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Hornick
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Geoffrey E. Jones
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Plitnick
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Brons
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Mark S. Rea
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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