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Savard I, Jabbour M, Tchouaket E, Gauthier N, Kilpatrick K. Evaluating the influence of primary healthcare nurse practitioners' interventions in home care on hospitalizations and emergency department transfers. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:440-452. [PMID: 38234169 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Home care allows patients with functional limitations to receive services at home and prevent health decline. Home care can reduce hospitalization and emergency department (ED) transfers. Integrating primary healthcare nurse practitioners (PHCNPs) in home care increases the supply of services, but little is known about their influence on patients' ability to remain at home. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Evaluate the influence of PHCNPs' interventions on hospitalizations and ED transfers in patients receiving care from interprofessional home care teams with PHCNPs. METHOD The retrospective cohort study employed multiple logistic regression and Cox modelling techniques to assess the influence of PHCNP interventions on hospitalizations and ED transfers. Descriptive and bivariate analyses examined sample characteristics and variable associations. Four purposively selected sites in Québec, Canada, were included. Data were collected from electronic health records of all patients (n = 343) receiving home care from these teams. RESULTS The characteristics of the sites, sample, and PHCNP interventions were described. Planned interventions led to a 5.8% decrease in hospitalizations and ED transfers (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.058, p = 0.039), while unplanned interventions resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in this outcome (adjusted OR: 1.518, p < 0.001). The risk of hospitalization and ED transfers increased by 10.7 times with unplanned interventions (adjusted OR: 10.651, p = 0.002). Furthermore, imaging was associated with a 2-fold increased risk (adjusted OR: 1.954, p = 0.021), consultations with a 1.8-fold increased risk (adjusted OR: 1.849, p = 0.034), and laboratory test-related interventions after 30 or more days reduced the risk by 68.0% (adjusted OR: 0.320, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PHCNPs in interprofessional home care teams show promise in reducing hospitalizations and ED transfers through planned visits. These findings provide valuable insights that can contribute to enhancing home care services for a population with limited access to healthcare and high healthcare needs. Further research is needed in other jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Savard
- Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Québec, Canada
| | - Mira Jabbour
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Site, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Tchouaket
- Département des sciences infirmières, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérôme, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gauthier
- Direction des soins infirmiers et de la santé physique, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et des services sociaux de la Capitale Nationale, Quebec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Kelley Kilpatrick
- Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Site, CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Susan E. French Chair in Nursing Research and Innovative Practice, Ingram School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tański W, Tomasiewicz A, Jankowska-Polańska B. Sleep Disturbances as a Consequence of Long COVID-19: Insights from Actigraphy and Clinimetric Examinations-An Uncontrolled Prospective Observational Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:839. [PMID: 38337533 PMCID: PMC10856322 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global health and social challenge. However, the impact of a SARS-CoV-2 infection itself on mental health and sleep quality remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present uncontrolled prospective observational pilot study was to evaluate the impact of past COVID-19 disease on the incidence of quantitative and qualitative sleep disturbances. A group of 61 subjects (37 female, 24 male) reported sleep disturbances that had lasted for at least one month and had started after recovery from COVID-19. The study used self-reported instruments: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), as well as an objective method-actigraphy-for quantitative analysis of sleep architecture. It was shown that sleep disturbances most commonly started after recovery (68.3%, n = 41) and lasted for more than one month (83.6%, n = 51). ESS scores of 7.8 ± 5.0 points indicate moderate daytime sleepiness, and ISI scores of 16.3 ± 5.8 points denote moderate insomnia. ESS scores were negatively correlated with total time in bed (r = -0.3780, p = 0.003), total sleep time (r = -0.2969, p = 0.020), and wakefulness after sleep onset (r = -0.2654, p = 0.039). In addition, ESS scores were correlated negatively with the respondents' age (B = -0.17, p = 0.000) and time from COVID-19 onset. A positive correlation was found between wakefulness after sleep onset and ESS scores (B = -0.05, p = 0.039). ISI scores were positively correlated with time in bed (r = 0.3275, p = 0.010). Female gender was found to be a significant predictor of insomnia's severity (B = 2.159, t = 3.04, p = 0.004). In conclusion, patients with a history of COVID-19 report long-lasting sleep disturbances that do not subside spontaneously. In the patient group studied, moderate levels of daytime sleepiness and insomnia were found. The most frequently reported problems included irregular sleep, frequent awakenings, and difficulty maintaining sleep, while normal sleep duration was preserved. These findings underscore the need for continued attention to the long-term consequences of COVID-19 on sleep health and emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to address these enduring sleep disturbances in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Tański
- Department of Internal Medicine, 4th Military Clinical Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Tomasiewicz
- Student Research Club of Surgical Specialties, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-532 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Jankowska-Polańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-376 Wroclaw, Poland
- Center for Research and Innovation, 4th Military Clinical Hospital, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
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Kabbadj K, Amekran Y, Damoun N, Taiek N, El Hangouche AJ. Sleep quality and shift work among Moroccan nurses: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 12:453. [PMID: 38464634 PMCID: PMC10920774 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_664_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is vital for physical and mental health. The nursing profession is often associated with unique challenges when it comes to sleep quality. Nurses are often faced with irregular work schedules, including night shifts and rotations, high-stress levels, and significant job demands that can contribute to sleep problems and hinder their productivity at work. This study aimed to assess sleep quality in Moroccan nurses and to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and shift work. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out between August 8, 2022 and September 30, 2022 among 260 nurses working day or night shifts in the province of Tétouan, northern Morocco. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality in day and night shift nurses. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and shift work were also collected. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Regression models were used to study the association between participant characteristics and sleep quality. RESULTS Among all participants, 60.4% had poor sleep quality. The results of the study revealed that there was no significant association between shift work and sleep quality among nurses in Morocco. CONCLUSION Given that the majority of nurses suffer from sleep disorders, an action plan to raise awareness and promote good sleep in this population should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoutar Kabbadj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Youssra Amekran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Narjisse Damoun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Nora Taiek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Abdelkader Jalil El Hangouche
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
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Terzis LD, Saltzman LY, Lowman JH, Logan DA, Hansel TC. Attitudes and perceptions towards public health safety measures during a global health crisis: Social and personal consequences. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289357. [PMID: 38011113 PMCID: PMC10681172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic that spread throughout the globe has significantly altered our social and personal relationships. During the early phase of the pandemic, pharmaceutical interventions such as vaccine research and production were still in development, with international health agencies and governments promoting public health safety measures such as limiting mobility, school and work closures, lockdowns, economic incentives, mask-wearing, social distancing, quarantine, and hygiene to reduce the spread and flatten the curve regarding transmission and hospitalization. During the early wave (May 2020 through July 2020), we utilized a qualitative longitudinal research design coupled with weekly Zoom diary entries to investigate participant (n = 14) experiences. In doing so, we captured participant attitudes towards public health safety measures, as well as perceptions of social and interpersonal relationships during the pandemic. The main themes that emerged in our findings include feelings of safety and preparedness, personal accountability and collective responsibility, and changes to social life and relationships. While individuals have learned how to live with the pandemic, and have a new sense of normalcy, lessons learned from the impact of public health measures and social relationships have applicability moving forward post-pandemic. In particular, how to best protect against the deleterious effects of isolation during a future public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D. Terzis
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Leia Y. Saltzman
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - J. Heath Lowman
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dana A. Logan
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tonya C. Hansel
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Corbett A, Williams G, Creese B, Hampshire A, Hayman V, Palmer A, Filakovzsky A, Mills K, Cummings J, Aarsland D, Khan Z, Ballard C. Cognitive decline in older adults in the UK during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis of PROTECT study data. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e591-e599. [PMID: 37924840 PMCID: PMC10720396 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the long-term health effects of COVID-19 are increasingly recognised, the societal restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic hold the potential for considerable detriment to cognitive and mental health, particularly because major dementia risk factors-such as those related to exercise and dietary habits-were affected during this period. We used longitudinal data from the PROTECT study to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on cognition in older adults in the UK. METHODS For this longitudinal analysis, we used computerised neuropsychology data from individuals aged 50 years and older participating in the PROTECT study in the UK. Data were collected from the same participants before the COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2019-Feb 29, 2020) and during its first (March 1, 2020-Feb 28, 2021) and second (March 1, 2021-Feb 28, 2022) years. We compared cognition across the three time periods using a linear mixed-effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted in people with mild cognitive impairment and in people who reported a history of COVID-19, and an exploratory regression analysis identified factors associated with changes in cognitive trajectory. FINDINGS Pre-pandemic data were included for 3142 participants, of whom 1696 (54·0%) were women and 1446 (46·0%) were men, with a mean age of 67·5 years (SD 9·6, range 50-96). Significant worsening of executive function and working memory was observed in the first year of the pandemic across the whole cohort (effect size 0·15 [95% CI 0·12-0·17] for executive function and 0·51 [0·49-0·53] for working memory), in people with mild cognitive impairment (0·13 [0·07-0·20] and 0·40 [0·36-0·47]), and in people with a history of COVID-19 (0·24 [0·16-0·31] and 0·46 [0·39-0·53]). Worsening of working memory was sustained across the whole cohort in the second year of the pandemic (0·47; 0·44-0·49). Regression analysis indicated that cognitive decline was significantly associated with reduced exercise (p=0·0049; executive function) and increased alcohol use (p=0·049; working memory) across the whole cohort, as well as depression (p=0·011; working memory) in those with a history of COVID-19 and loneliness (p=0·0038; working memory) in those with mild cognitive impairment. In the second year of the pandemic, reduced exercise continued to affect executive function across the whole cohort, and associations were sustained between worsening working memory and increased alcohol use (p=0·0040), loneliness (p=0·042), and depression (p=0·014) in those with mild cognitive impairment, and reduced exercise (p=0·0029), loneliness (p=0·031) and depression (p=0·036) in those with a history of COVID-19. INTERPRETATION The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant worsening of cognition in older adults, associated with changes in known dementia risk factors. The sustained decline in cognition highlights the need for public health interventions to mitigate the risk of dementia-particularly in people with mild cognitive impairment, in whom conversion to dementia within 5 years is a substantial risk. Long-term intervention for people with a history of COVID-19 should be considered to support cognitive health. FUNDING National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Corbett
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Gareth Williams
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Byron Creese
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Hayman
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Abbie Palmer
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Akos Filakovzsky
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kathryn Mills
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zunera Khan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Naderi Z, Amra B, Ahmadi F, Emami Ardestani M. Evaluation of sleep quality in faculty members of Isfahan university of medical sciences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 15:125-133. [PMID: 37736504 PMCID: PMC10509560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders can significantly impair the quality of life and daily functions. Evaluating sleep quality can provide valuable information about working conditions. This study aims to evaluate the sleep quality of faculty members at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). METHODS This descriptive-analytic study was conducted from 2020 to 2021, involving 106 faculty members from the medical school. A questionnaire collected demographic information, including age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), level of education, history of faculty membership, major, working hours during the day and night, residency place, and medical history. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25) questionnaire were used to assess participants' sleep quality. Data were compared between clinicians and basic science faculty members. RESULTS PSQI subtypes were examined among the participants. The total PSQI score was 6.20±3.4. A comparison of PSQI scores and subtypes based on age categories did not show any significant differences (P > 0.05 for all). Clinicians had significantly lower total PSQI scores (P=0.044), sleep latency (P=0.024), sleep disturbances (P=0.012), and daytime dysfunction (P=0.022). Additionally, clinicians had a lower severity of sleep latency (P=0.024), sleep disturbances (P=0.012), and total PSQI score (P=0.044). However, clinicians exhibited a higher intensity of daytime dysfunction (P=0.022). CONCLUSION Faculty members exhibited a high prevalence of sleep disorders, with the most common disorders being sleep disturbance and high sleep latency. The prevalence of sleep disorders was higher among basic science faculty members compared to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Naderi
- Assistant Professor of Pulmonary Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical ScienceIsfahan, Iran
| | - Babak Amra
- Assistant Professor of Pulmonary Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical ScienceIsfahan, Iran
- Bamdad Respiratory and Sleep Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical ScienceIsfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emami Ardestani
- Assistant Professor of Pulmonary Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical ScienceIsfahan, Iran
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Sánchez-Narváez F, Velasco-Orozco JJ, Pérez-Archundia E. Burnout Syndrome and Sleep Quality in Basic Education Teachers in Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6276. [PMID: 37444122 PMCID: PMC10341465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Burnout syndrome (BS) is the result of chronic stress in the workplace. Moreover, chronic stress can affect sleep. A unidirectional relationship has been established between burnout and sleep, and it is known that white-collar workers with burnout syndrome have sleep fragmentation and marked daytime sleepiness. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between burnout and sleep quality in elementary school teachers in Mexico. METHODS We collected data from more than 400 teachers who completed tests. Correlation analyses controlled for anxiety and depression, and Poisson logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships of burnout with sleep quality, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between burnout syndrome (mainly in the dimension of emotional exhaustion) and sleep disturbances; significant correlations were also observed with other burnout, depression, and anxiety dimensions. The strength of the correlations decreased after controlling for depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS The symptoms of burnout syndrome in teachers can overlap with sleep disorders, so it is necessary to make a differential diagnosis to differentiate burnout syndrome from depression and anxiety, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Narváez
- Faculty of Humanities-Enterprise, Universidad Estatal del Valle de Ecatepec, Valle de Anahuac, Ecatepec 55210, Mexico
- Mexican Institute of Integral Sleep Medicine, del Valle, Benito Juárez 03100, Mexico
| | - Juan Jesús Velasco-Orozco
- Faculty of Anthropology, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Universidad, St. Toluca 50130, Mexico
- Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Educación del Estado de México, Santa Cruz, Toluca 50030, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Archundia
- Instituto Superior de Ciencias de la Educación del Estado de México, Santa Cruz, Toluca 50030, Mexico
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Sampaio F, Gaspar S, Fonseca C, Lopes MJ, Paiva T, Guedes de Pinho L. Sleep Quality between Nurses and the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal: What Are the Differences? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085531. [PMID: 37107813 PMCID: PMC10139164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies have described the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on sleep quality, there are few studies that, in the same time period and using the same assessment tools, compare sleep quality and mental health status between nurses and the general population. Thus, the aim of this study was to (a) examine whether there were differences between nurses and the general population regarding sleep quality and mental health status during the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) identify which factors may explain sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do that, we carried out a cross-sectional study in Portugal. Data were collected using an online survey platform during the first COVID-19 wave, from April to August 2020. Nurses presented poorer sleep quality than the general population, as well as higher anxiety levels. Irritability and worries about the future were two of the factors that might explain those differences. Thus, we can conclude that irritability and worries about the future are dimensions of anxiety that were associated with poor sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it would be important to adopt regular anxiety and sleep assessments, particularly for nurses, and to implement strategies to reduce this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sampaio
- Nursing School of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 830, 844, 856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nursing School of Porto (ESEP), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.G.d.P.)
| | - Susana Gaspar
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Beja, R. Dr. José Correia Maltez, 7800-111 Beja, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, Piso 0, Ala C, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César Fonseca
- Nursing Department, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Manuel José Lopes
- Nursing Department, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Teresa Paiva
- CENC—Sleep Medicine Center, Rua Conde das Antas, 5, 1070-068 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, Piso 0, Ala C, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center, Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico, 5, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lara Guedes de Pinho
- Nursing Department, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo do Senhor da Pobreza, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (L.G.d.P.)
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Alodhayani AA, Almutairi KM, Altasan Z, AlKhaldi G, Aljasser A. Impact of quarantine on sleep quality and psychological status in COVID-19 suspected cases in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2023; 35:102529. [PMID: 36597487 PMCID: PMC9801693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate into mental health outcomes such as stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as sleep quality in suspected COVID-19 quarantined cases. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that used an online survey to target suspected COVID-19 cases in quarantine facilities. Data were collected on several aspects of participants' sociodemographic characteristics, sleep disturbance, and mental health status. Depression, anxiety, stress scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used to measure both the psychological impact and mental health status. Results Of the 362 people who took the survey, 234 (64.6%) were men, and 148 were between the ages of 26-35. Poor sleep was found to be prevalent in 65% of study participants. The rates of individuals reporting severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were 14.6%, 15%, and 15%, respectively. According to the findings, there were significant gender differences in depression and anxiety (p = 0.001). When compared to the other age groups, participants aged 26-35 reported the highest level of stress (p = 0.001). Being male [OR = -1.23, 95% CI (-2.75-1.95) P = 0.050], single [OR = 0.98, CI (0.15-4.20), P = 0.001], and a healthcare worker [OR = -2.20, 95% CI (-2.59-1.82), P = 0.001] were all associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion Approximately-one-third of quarantine COVID-19 patients had poor sleep quality with mild-moderate depression. Both anxiety and stress scales were prevalent in nearly half of the studied samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khalid M Almutairi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Altasan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah AlKhaldi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al Maqbali M. Impact of insomnia on mental status among chronic disease patients during Covid-19 pandemic. ETHICS, MEDICINE, AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 27:100879. [PMID: 36846861 PMCID: PMC9943730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2023.100879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) 2019 pandemic had a serious impact on the mental health of individuals globally. A lack of psychological well-being on the part of individuals with chronic diseases might increase the risk of developing symptoms such as insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia, depression, and anxiety among patients with chronic disease during the Covid-19 pandemic in Oman. Methods This is a web-based cross-sectional study conducted between June 2021 and September 2021. Insomnia was assessed by using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), while depression and anxiety were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results Of the 922 chronic disease patients who participated, 77% (n = 710) reported insomnia, while the mean score for the ISI was11.38 (SD 5.82). Depression and anxiety were prevalent among the participants with 47% and 63% respectively. The participants' mean with regard to the sleep duration items was 7.04 (SD = 1.59) hours per night, whereas the mean in terms of sleep latency was 38.18 minutes (SD = 31.81). Logistic regression analysis revealed that insomnia was positively associated with depression and anxiety. Conclusions This study demonstrated that chronic disease patients had a high prevalence of insomnia during the Covid-19 pandemic. Psychological support is recommended in order to help such patients reduce the level of insomnia. Furthermore, a routine assessment of levels of insomnia, depression and anxiety is essential, in order to help identify appropriate intervention and management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al Maqbali
- Department of Nursing, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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11
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Batool-Anwar S, Robbins R, Ali SH, Capasso A, Foreman J, Jones AM, Tozan Y, DiClemente RJ, Quan SF. Examining Changes in Sleep Duration Associated with the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Who is Sleeping and Who is Not? Behav Med 2023; 49:162-171. [PMID: 34791993 PMCID: PMC9288172 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2021.2002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in social isolation and reports of insomnia. However, reports of changes in sleep duration and associated factors are few. To determine the impact of COVID-19 on changes in sleep behavior, data were analyzed from an online survey of adults recruited via social media that included questions asking whether the respondent slept less or more after the onset of the pandemic as well as self-reported sociodemographic and occupational information; beliefs about COVID-19; and responses pertaining to loneliness, anxiety, and depression. There were 5,175 respondents; 53.9% had a change in sleep duration.17.1% slept less and 36.7% slept more. Sleeping more was related to greater education, being single/divorced/separated, unemployed or a student. Being retired, divorced/separated or a homemaker, and living in the Mountain or Central time zones were associated with less sleep. Beliefs that COVID-19 would result in personal adverse consequences was associated with both more and less sleep. However, the strongest associations for both more and less sleep were seen with depression, anxiety, and loneliness. In summary, changes in sleep duration since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic were highly prevalent among social media users and were associated with several sociodemographic factors and beliefs that COVID-19 would have adverse personal impacts. However, the strongest associations occurred with worse mental health suggesting that improvements may occur with better sleep.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08964289.2021.2002800 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Batool-Anwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Robbins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shahmir H Ali
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariadna Capasso
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Foreman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abbey M Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yesim Tozan
- Global Health Program, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph J DiClemente
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart F Quan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Xu T, Zheng K, Wu X. Risk Perception, Perceived Government Coping Validity, and Individual Sleep Problems in the Early Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediation Analysis Based on Negative Emotions. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070986. [PMID: 37046913 PMCID: PMC10094412 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship among risk perception, negative emotions, perceived government coping validity, and the sleep problem of the public, through regression analysis and mediation analysis of data from the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China (three months after the outbreak). It found that people's perception of the risk of the pandemic, negative emotions, and perceived government coping validity significantly affected people's sleep quality and nightmares. Further analysis found that individuals' perception of risk not only affected their sleep but also intensified their negative emotions, ultimately impairing the quality of their sleep and leading to nightmares. However, having a high level of coping validity can mitigate negative emotions and consequently decrease the occurrence of nightmares, thereby enhancing the quality of sleep. Specifically, perceived government coping validity could not only directly reduce nightmares, but also indirectly reduce nightmares by lowering negative emotions. However, it could only indirectly improve sleep by reducing negative emotions. It implicated that improving and resolving sleep problems required not only medical intervention but also psychological intervention. Simultaneously, improving the government's response effectiveness could strengthen people's trust in the government, stabilize their mental states, and significantly improve their quality of life by reducing negative emotions and improving sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Social Work, College of International Culture and Social Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
- Institute for Silk Road Culture and International Sinology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Economics and International Trade, School of Economics, Management & Law, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Social Work, College of International Culture and Social Development, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321000, China
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13
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Wang W, Ji X, Guo HY, Tao M, Jin L, Chen M, Yuan H, Peng H. Investigation on sleep-related cognition of Chinese health care workers during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1019837. [PMID: 36993928 PMCID: PMC10040544 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1019837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID pandemic has brought tremendous negative effects on the mental health of health care workers, such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. We conducted this study to evaluate the sleep-related cognition of Chinese health care workers (HCWs) during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic and analyze its association with sleep quality, so as to provide scientific reference for improving sleep of HCWs.Patients and methodsA total of 404 HCWs from Yijishan Hospital of Wuhu City, China were enrolled in the study, selected by randomized cluster sampling in May 2020. We made a questionnaire to collect the general demographic information of the participants. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a brief version of Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-16) were used to measure sleep quality and sleep-related cognition, respectively.ResultsThe results showed that 312 HCWs (77.2%) had false beliefs and attitudes about sleep, while only 92 HCWs (22.8%) had correct beliefs about sleep. In addition, we found that those HCWs who were older, married, with a bachelor’s degree or higher, nurses, more daily working hours (> 8 h) and monthly night shifts (≥ 5 times), had higher DBAS-16 scores (all p < 0.05). However, we did not find significant differences between men and women in DBAS-16 scores. According to the definition of PSQI, a total of 1/4 of the HCWs are poor sleepers and their DBAS-16 score was higher than good sleepers (t = 7.622, p < 0.001). In the end, we confirmed a positive correlation between sleep cognition and sleep quality (r = 0.392, p < 0.01).ConclusionOur study revealed false beliefs and attitudes about sleep were prevalent among HCWs during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, and these false beliefs about sleep were closely correlated to sleep quality. We recommend fighting against these false beliefs about sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xincan Ji
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hao-Yang Guo
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Mengjun Tao
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical Collegue, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Lairun Jin
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjin, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Chen
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Yuan,
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Science and Technology Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical Collegue, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Hui Peng,
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14
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Zhang B, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang M, He X, Zhu W, Ding H. The relationship between self-assessment living standard and mental health among the older in rural China: the mediating role of sleep quality. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:449. [PMID: 36890457 PMCID: PMC9993696 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mental health imbalance are the main cause of anxiety, depression and happiness reduction in the older. Self-assessment living standard and sleep quality are both influencing factors of mental health. Meantime, self-assessment living standard has an impact on sleep quality. But there's no research on the relationship between the three, we conducted this study to explore the relationship between self-assessment living standard and mental health and the mediating role of sleep quality among the older in rural areas of China. METHODS Using typical field sampling method, M County, Anhui Province was selected as the investigation site, and a total of 1223 respondents were selected. With the help of questionnaires enclosing respondents' sociodemographics information, 12 Items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale (PSQI), face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Bootstrap test was used for data analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the age of the respondents ranged from 60 to 99 years, with an average age of (66.53 ± 6.77) years, the proportion of the older with a tendency to mental health problems was 24.7%. Most of the older people's self-assessment living standard was normal (average score was 2.89 ± 0.726), accounting for 59.3% of the total. The average sleep quality score was (6.97 ± 4.066), and 2.5% of the respondents reported serious sleep problems. older with low self- assessment living standards were more likely to report a higher propensity for psychological problems (β = 0.420, P < 0.001) and poorer sleep quality (β = 0.608, P < 0.001) than older with high self- assessment living standards. Mental health of the older may be related to sleep quality (β = 0.117, P < 0.001). In addition, the effect of self- assessment living standard on mental health was significantly mediated by sleep quality (β = 0.071, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Mental health is associated with self-assessment living standard, with this association mediated by sleep quality. A reasonable mechanism needs to be established to improve self-assessment living standard and sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Anhui Medical College, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinran He
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weizheng Zhu
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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15
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Oliveira G, Miguez FGG, Enríquez-Martinez OG, Pereira TSS, Lopez KV, Huancahuire-Vega S, Martins MCT, Pacheco SOS, Pacheco FJ, López MPM, Molina MDCB. Prevalence and factors associated with self-reported anxiety in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, and Spain: A cross-sectional Ibero-American study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280528. [PMID: 36862638 PMCID: PMC9980767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the factors associated with the perception of anxiety during the first wave of covid-19 in Ibero-American countries. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 5.845 participants of both sexes, over 18 years of age, and residents of four Latin American countries-Argentina (16.7%), Brazil (34.5%), Mexico (11.1%), and Peru (17.5%), and one European country-Spain (20.1%). Data were collected in 2020, between April 1st and June 30th in Spain and between July 13th and September 26th in the Latin American countries. We used an online questionnaire with sociodemographic, lifestyle, self-reported anxiety, and covid-19 related questions. The chi-square statistical test and Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to analyze the factors associated with self-reported anxiety. The presence of self-reported anxiety was found in 63.8% of the participants during the isolation period. The association occurred mainly in women (OR:1.52; CI: 1.3-1.7), those aged 18 to 29 years (OR: 1.51; CI: 1.2-1.9) and 30 to 49 years (OR: 1.56; CI: 1.3-1.9), residents of Argentina (OR: 1.55 CI: 1.2-1.9), Brazil (OR: 2.38; CI: 2.0-2.8) and Mexico (OR: 1.52; CI: 1.2-1.9), those who gained weight (OR:1.71 CI: 1.5-1.9) or lost weight (OR: 1.40; CI: 1.2-1.6), and those who reported having slept more (OR: 1.56; CI: 1.3-1.8) or less (OR: 2.89; CI: 2.5-3.4). We conclude that the prevalence of self-reported anxiety in Ibero-American countries was high during the period studied, highlighting a higher likelihood of its occurrence in Brazil, in those who began to sleep less and gained weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Oliveira
- Public Health Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Garcia Gabira Miguez
- Public Health Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Oscar G. Enríquez-Martinez
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Taisa S. S. Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Karen Villaseñor Lopez
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Salomon Huancahuire-Vega
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Medicine, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | - Marcia C. T. Martins
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Master in Human Motricity Sciences, Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán, Chile
| | - Sandaly O. S. Pacheco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Fabio J. Pacheco
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Adventista del Plata, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | | | - Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina
- Public Health Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Science Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, Mexico
- Health and Nutrition Program, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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16
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AlBlooshi S, AlFalasi M, Taha Z, El Ktaibi F, Khalid A. The impact of COVID-19 quarantine on lifestyle indicators in the United Arab Emirates. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1123894. [PMID: 36860383 PMCID: PMC9968935 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1123894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 is a virus that has spread rapidly and brought economic and social crises all around the world. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 quarantine on dietary habits, physical activity, food purchasing, smoking, and sleeping patterns in the United Arab Emirates. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire between November 1st, 2020 and the end of January 2021. Citizens and residents of the UAE aged ≥ 18 years old were asked to complete an anonymous electronic questionnaire created via Google Forms and distributed on various platforms, such as WhatsApp, Twitter, and email. A total of 1682 subjects participated in the study. Results The results included that during the COVID-19 lockdown, more participants (44.4%) reported an increase in weight. This gain seems to be linked to increased food consumption [(Adjusted Odd Ratio) AOR = 1.68, 95% (Confidence Interval) CI = 1.12, 2.54, p = 0.022], decreased physical activity (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.58, 3.21, p < 0.001), and increased smoking (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.04, 3.50, p = 0.038). The groups that were most likely to gain weight included those who consumed more cereals (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.57, p = 0.011), had an increased desire for sweets (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.50, 3.19, p < 0.001), and an increased desire for food (hunger) (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.53, 3.14, p < 0.001). In contrast, those who exercised more were more likely to lose weight (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44, 0.86, p < 0.001) as well as those who slept over 9 h a day (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = 0.45, 0.88, p = 0.006). Discussion Overall, it is essential to promote healthy habits and methods of healthy diet maintenance during stressful and unusual times when people might find it difficult to put effort into their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa AlBlooshi
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Sharifa AlBlooshi ✉
| | - Maryam AlFalasi
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zainab Taha
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farid El Ktaibi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alia Khalid
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Cheung JMY, Menczel Schrire Z, Aji M, Rahimi M, Salomon H, Doggett I, Glozier N, Bartlett DJ, Wong K, Grunstein RR, Gordon CJ. Embedding digital sleep health into primary care practice: A triangulation of perspectives from general practitioners, nurses, and pharmacists. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231180970. [PMID: 37377559 PMCID: PMC10291541 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231180970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction While digital health interventions (DHIs) can potentially address the unmet needs for sleep health services, little is known about their implementation in practice. The current study aimed to explore primary care health providers' attitudes and beliefs towards DHIs for sleep and implementation into practice. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was administered to Australian primary care health professionals: general practitioners (GPs), community nurses, and community pharmacists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted within a sub-sample of participants exploring their experiences with DHIs and perceived barriers/facilitators for embedding DHIs into primary care. Semi-structured interviews were thematically analysed using the framework approach to contextualise survey findings. Results Ninety-six surveys were returned (GPs = 36, nurses = 30, and pharmacists = 30) and 45 interviews conducted (GPs = 17, nurses = 14, and pharmacists = 14). From the survey, GPs were more likely to endorse familiarity (p = 0.009) and use (p < 0.001) of sleep DHIs in clinical practice than pharmacists and nurses. GPs were more interested in utilising the diagnostic features within a sleep DHI (p = 0.009) compared to other professionals. Thematic analysis of the interviews revealed three major themes, contextualised by profession: (1) Scope for DHIs in Current Practice, (2) Practice Gaps and Training Needs, and (3) Envisioning a Model of Care Using Sleep DHIs. While DHIs can potentially improve care, greater clarity of care pathways and reimbursement structures are needed for integration into practice. Conclusion Primary care health professionals highlighted the training, care pathway and financial models required to realise the potential for translating findings from efficacy studies for DHIs into primary care to optimise sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet MY Cheung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zoe Menczel Schrire
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, The University of Sydney School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Aji
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Rahimi
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Syndey, Australia
| | - Helena Salomon
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Syndey, Australia
| | - Iliana Doggett
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Syndey, Australia
| | - Nicholas Glozier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Delwyn J. Bartlett
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Syndey, Australia
| | - Keith Wong
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Syndey, Australia
| | - Ronald R. Grunstein
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Cheng C, Ying W. A meta-analytic review of the associations between dimensions of religious coping and psychological symptoms during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1097598. [PMID: 36741121 PMCID: PMC9894651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1097598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the unknown etiology and treatment of the highly transmissible coronavirus posed considerable threats to public mental health. Many people around the globe turned to religion as an attempt to mitigate their heightened psychological distress, but mixed findings have been obtained regarding the association between the use of religious coping and two psychological symptoms-anxiety and depressive symptoms-widely reported in the initial wave. OBJECTIVE The present meta-analysis was conducted to resolve the empirical inconsistency by synthesizing this body of studies and identifying both individual and national-level factors that accounted for the inconsistent findings. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, the literature search and data screening procedures yielded 42 eligible studies, with 25,438 participants (58% females, average age = 36.50 years) from 24 countries spanning seven world regions. RESULTS Overall, the results showed that only negative religious coping was positively associated with psychological symptoms (r = 0.2886, p < 0.0001). Although the associations of both general and positive religious coping with psychological symptoms were non-significant (rs = 0.0425 and -0.0240, ps > 0.39), the moderation analysis revealed significant positive associations between positive religious coping and psychological symptoms in two demographic groups who experienced greater pandemic distress than their counterparts: younger participants and female participants. DISCUSSION This meta-analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the complex nature of religious coping in the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when the levels of public anxiety and stress were heightened. The exclusive use of religious coping may not be associated with low levels of psychological symptoms, implying the importance of supplementing the deployment of this strategy with an array of other strategies. Therapists of mental health interventions should show their clients how to make good use of positive religious coping together with other strategies, and how to avoid the use of negative religious coping, to handle their psychological problems. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://osf.io/shb32/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cheng
- Social and Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weijun Ying
- Department of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Peng J, Zhang T, Li Y, Wu L, Peng X, Li C, Lin X, Yu J, Mao L, Sun J, Fang P. Effects of dysfunctional beliefs about sleep on sleep quality and mental health among patients with COVID-19 treated in Fangcang shelter hospitals. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1129322. [PMID: 36908472 PMCID: PMC9995998 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the COVID-19 pandemic in China, a large number of mild or ordinary confirmed cases have been sent to Fangcang shelter hospitals for treatment. We aimed to investigate the mental health condition of Fangcang patients 2 years after the pandemic when patients knew more about COVID-19 and the virus was less virulent. We focused on the effect of dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep on depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Methods A total of 1,014 patients from two large Fangcang shelter hospitals in Shanghai between 22 April and 8 May 2022 completed a set of questionnaires comprising: the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the Insomnia Severity Index scale. Results Results show that the positive screening rates for anxiety, depression, and insomnia among tested patients were 55.3, 27.0, and 47.8%, respectively. Patients were more likely to report higher anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and to endorse affective and sleep disorders if they were: female, aged 18-40 years, with undergraduate course or above, white-collar employees, or those who thought the pandemic would have severe economic effects. About 51.4% of the participants had dysfunctional beliefs about sleep to varying degrees. Compared with patients who had accurate beliefs about sleep, the ratios of insomnia, anxiety, and depression were significantly higher among patients with dysfunctional beliefs about sleep. Discussion Attention should be paid to the mental health problems of patients in Fangcang shelter hospitals. The results indicate that dysfunctional beliefs about sleep significantly increased anxiety, depression, and insomnia of Fangcang patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Peng
- Mental Health Education Center & College of Teachers, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiyuan Peng
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Radiology, 986 Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Radiology, 986 Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- No. 10 Outpatient Department of Internal Medicine, 986 Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Detection and Intelligent Perception, Xi'an, China
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20
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Beaugrand M, Muehlematter C, Markovic A, Camos V, Kurth S. Sleep as a protective factor of children's executive functions: A study during COVID-19 confinement. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279034. [PMID: 36630329 PMCID: PMC9833525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Confinements due to the COVID-19 outbreak affected sleep and mental health of adults, adolescents and children. Already preschool children experienced acutely worsened sleep, yet the possible resulting effects on executive functions remain unexplored. Longitudinally, sleep quality predicts later behavioral-cognitive outcomes. Accordingly, we propose children's sleep behavior as essential for healthy cognitive development. By using the COVID-19 confinement as an observational-experimental intervention, we tested whether worsened children's sleep affects executive functions outcomes 6 months downstream. We hypothesized that acutely increased night awakenings and sleep latency relate to reduced later executive functions. With an online survey during the acute confinement phase we analyzed sleep behavior in 45 children (36-72 months). A first survey referred to the (retrospective) time before and (acute) situation during confinement, and a follow-up survey assessed executive functions 6 months later (6 months retrospectively). Indeed, acutely increased nighttime awakenings related to reduced inhibition at FOLLOW-UP. Associations were specific to the confinement-induced sleep-change and not the sleep behavior before confinement. These findings highlight that specifically acute changes of children's nighttime sleep during sensitive periods are associated with behavioral outcome consequences. This aligns with observations in animals that inducing poor sleep during developmental periods affects later brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andjela Markovic
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Fribourg, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pulmonology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Camos
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Salome Kurth
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Fribourg, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pulmonology, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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21
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Eysenbach G, Nowakowski S, Agrawal R, Sharafkhaneh A, Kunik ME, Naik AD, Xu H, Razjouyan J. Sentiment Analysis of Insomnia-Related Tweets via a Combination of Transformers Using Dempster-Shafer Theory: Pre- and Peri-COVID-19 Pandemic Retrospective Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e41517. [PMID: 36417585 PMCID: PMC9822178 DOI: 10.2196/41517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed additional stress on population health that may result in a change of sleeping behavior. OBJECTIVE In this study, we hypothesized that using natural language processing to explore social media would help with assessing the mental health conditions of people experiencing insomnia after the outbreak of COVID-19. METHODS We designed a retrospective study that used public social media content from Twitter. We categorized insomnia-related tweets based on time, using the following two intervals: the prepandemic (January 1, 2019, to January 1, 2020) and peripandemic (January 1, 2020, to January 1, 2021) intervals. We performed a sentiment analysis by using pretrained transformers in conjunction with Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) to classify the polarity of emotions as positive, negative, and neutral. We validated the proposed pipeline on 300 annotated tweets. Additionally, we performed a temporal analysis to examine the effect of time on Twitter users' insomnia experiences, using logistic regression. RESULTS We extracted 305,321 tweets containing the word insomnia (prepandemic tweets: n=139,561; peripandemic tweets: n=165,760). The best combination of pretrained transformers (combined via DST) yielded 84% accuracy. By using this pipeline, we found that the odds of posting negative tweets (odds ratio [OR] 1.39, 95% CI 1.37-1.41; P<.001) were higher in the peripandemic interval compared to those in the prepandemic interval. The likelihood of posting negative tweets after midnight was 21% higher than that before midnight (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19-1.23; P<.001). In the prepandemic interval, while the odds of posting negative tweets were 2% higher after midnight compared to those before midnight (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.07; P=.008), they were 43% higher (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.40-1.46; P<.001) in the peripandemic interval. CONCLUSIONS The proposed novel sentiment analysis pipeline, which combines pretrained transformers via DST, is capable of classifying the emotions and sentiments of insomnia-related tweets. Twitter users shared more negative tweets about insomnia in the peripandemic interval than in the prepandemic interval. Future studies using a natural language processing framework could assess tweets about other types of psychological distress, habit changes, weight gain resulting from inactivity, and the effect of viral infection on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Nowakowski
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ritwick Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amir Sharafkhaneh
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark E Kunik
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aanand D Naik
- Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Javad Razjouyan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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22
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Bakaloudi DR, Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, Wickramasinghe K, Chourdakis M. Impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on body weight: A combined systematic review and a meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:3046-3054. [PMID: 34049749 PMCID: PMC8056819 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the imposed lockdowns in order to control the pandemic, had undoubtedly influenced the lifestyle of millions of people worldwide. The period of confinement, which was characterized by seizing most business activities and allowing only for e-classes at schools and universities, leading also to a lower physical activity, could have affected eating behaviors of people of all ages. In this study we aimed to investigate the impact of the first lockdown period (March-May 2020) on body weight (BW) and on body mass index (BMI) in both adults and adolescents (>16 years old). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed®, Scopus®, Web of Science® and EMBASE® databases and 36 observational (35 cross-sectional and one cohort) studies were included. BW and BMI changes after/during the lockdown period were examined. BW was stated as increased in a significant part of the individuals (11.1-72.4%), although a range of 7.2-51.4% of individuals reported weight loss. A significant higher BW was observed with a weighted mean between-group difference (WMD) 1.57 (95% CI 1.01 to 2.14) in the post-lockdown period compared to the before lockdown time and higher BMI, 0.31 WMD (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.45) was identified before the lockdown period. At variance with general trends, one study in older adults (>60 years old) notably reported a significant BW loss, suggesting a higher risk for lockdown-induced weight loss and potentially malnutrition in the elderly population. Overall increments in BW are an alarming effect of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to potential higher incidence of overweight, obesity and related health-risks as well as other noncommunicable diseases. Further studies are needed to assess potential group-specific impacts, with particular regard to weight gain in younger people and risk of weight loss, malnutrition and sarcopenia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Rafailia Bakaloudi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- University of Hohenheim, Department of Nutritional Medicine, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joao Breda
- Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Russian Federation
| | - Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- WHO European Office for the Prevention and Control of NCDs, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michail Chourdakis
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Social & Preventive Medicine and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece,Corresponding author. Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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23
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Al-Otaibi T, Abbas A, Nagib AM, Gheith OA, Nair P, Farid MM, Albader MAS. COVID-somnia: anxiety, insomnia, and poor sleep among second-line healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9368694 DOI: 10.1186/s43168-022-00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Little information is available about the linkage between sleep affection and COVID-19. Preliminary reports and clinical observations focused on the appearance of related mental health issues, especially in healthcare workers (HCWs).
Methods
A cross-sectional study is conducted on the COVID-19 second-line HCWs using an English online survey prepared via Google forms. The survey focused on sociodemographic and profession-related characteristics (age, sex, smoking, history of previous sleep disorders or medications affecting sleep, comorbidities specialty, years of experience, and number of hours worked per week) and COVID-19-associated risks (being on the second line of COVID-19 management, following updates and news about COVID-19, and getting an infection with COVID-19 or having a colleague/friend who was infected with or died of COVID-19). Assessment of anxiety, insomnia, and sleep quality was done using the relevant diagnostic scales.
Results
This study included 162 second-line HCWs with a mean age of 34.36 ± 8.49 years. Although being in second lines, there was a high prevalence of anxiety (49.38%), insomnia (56.17%), and poor sleep quality (67.9%) during the pandemic. One condition was recently developed after the pandemic: insomnia in 6.6%, anxiety in 5.7%, and poor sleep in 16%. Two conditions were developed: insomnia and poor sleep in 21.7%, anxiety and poor sleep in 7.5%, and insomnia and anxiety in 10.4%. The three conditions were de novo experienced in 19.8%. A total of 22.4% of those who followed daily COVID-19 updates developed de novo combined anxiety, insomnia, and poor sleep. A total of 38.5% of participants that had been infected with COVID-19 developed de novo combined anxiety, insomnia, and poor sleep. A total of 50% of participants who had a colleague/friend who died with COVID-19 developed de novo combined anxiety, insomnia, and poor sleep.
Conclusion
Although being in second lines, there was a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and poor sleep concerning COVID-19-related factors.
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24
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The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on snacking habits, fast-food and alcohol consumption: A systematic review of the evidence. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:3038-3045. [PMID: 34049747 PMCID: PMC8052604 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and lockdown measures, that were implemented in many countries in order to control the virus transmission, had negatively influenced the lifestyle of millions of people worldwide. In this study we aimed to investigate the impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown period (March-May 2020) on snacking behavior, fast-food and alcohol consumption. A systematic search in PubMed®, Scopus® and Web of Science® databases was conducted and 32 studies were included. Changes in snacking, in fast-food and ordered food consumption and in alcohol intake were examined. Snacking was found to be increased for a significant portion of the population examined (18.9-45.1%), whereas fast food (15.0-41.3%) and ordered food (33.9%) showed a tendency towards decrease. As per alcohol consumption, an upward trend was observed in a significant part (10.4-51.0%) of the participants examined. The increased snacking and alcohol consumption observed for almost a third of the examined population could be alarming because long-term health problems could arise in cases of repeated lockdowns in the future. The observed downward trend in fast-food consumption and in frequency of ordered food could be an encouraging sign of turning to home-prepared foods, but further research is needed in this field.
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25
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Delpino FM, da Silva CN, Jerônimo JS, Mulling ES, da Cunha LL, Weymar MK, Alt R, Caputo EL, Feter N. Prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of over 2 million people. J Affect Disord 2022; 318:272-282. [PMID: 36096370 PMCID: PMC9462928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uncertainty, disruptions in daily routines, and concerns for the health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely associated with increases in generalized anxiety. The present study aimed to systematically review the literature in order to identify the update prevalence of anxiety in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis. It included studies that assessed the prevalence of anxiety among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS In total, we included 194 studies. The general prevalence of anxiety was 35.1 %, affecting approximately 851,000 participants. The prevalence in low and middle-income countries (35.1 %; 95%CI: 29.5 % to 41.0 %) was similar compared to high-income countries (34.7 %; 95%CI: 29.6 % to 40.1 %). In studies that provided the proportion of cases in each level of anxiety disorder, mild-to-moderate anxiety affected one quarter of the participants. One in ten cases with anxiety during the COVID-19 may be living with severe or extremely anxiety disorder. Most instruments estimated similar prevalence of anxiety disorders with notable difference in the prevalence estimated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item (GAD-2), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). CONCLUSION One in three adults were living with anxiety disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mendes Delpino
- Postgraduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Jeferson Santos Jerônimo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliete Stark Mulling
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Leal da Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marina Krause Weymar
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alt
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. Caputo
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Natan Feter
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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26
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A cross-sectional study on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological outcomes: Multiple indicators and multiple causes modeling. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277368. [PMID: 36350838 PMCID: PMC9645638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been evaluated in the literature, further research is needed, particularly on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological outcomes, is needed. This study aims to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological outcomes (depression, anxiety, and insomnia). A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted using the following instruments: Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation model (SEM), multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) modeling, and differential item functioning (DIF) were performed to analyze the collected data. According to the results, participants with PTSD (n = 360) showed a higher level of depression, anxiety, and insomnia than those without PTSD (n = 639). Among the participants, 36.5% experienced moderate to severe symptoms of depression, and 32.6% had mild depressive symptoms. Moreover, 23.7% of participants experienced moderate to severe anxiety symptoms, and 33.1% had mild anxiety symptoms. In addition, 51.5% of participants experienced symptoms of insomnia. In conclusion, the PTSD caused by COVID-19 is significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia at the level of latent constructs and observed variables.
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27
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Carollo A, Bizzego A, Gabrieli G, Wong KKY, Raine A, Esposito G. Self-perceived loneliness and depression during the Covid-19 pandemic: a two-wave replication study. UCL OPEN. ENVIRONMENT 2022; 4:e051. [PMID: 37228475 PMCID: PMC10171408 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The global Covid-19 pandemic has forced countries to impose strict lockdown restrictions and mandatory stay-at-home orders with varying impacts on individual's health. Combining a data-driven machine learning paradigm and a statistical approach, our previous paper documented a U-shaped pattern in levels of self-perceived loneliness in both the UK and Greek populations during the first lockdown (17 April to 17 July 2020). The current paper aimed to test the robustness of these results by focusing on data from the first and second lockdown waves in the UK. We tested a) the impact of the chosen model on the identification of the most time-sensitive variable in the period spent in lockdown. Two new machine learning models - namely, support vector regressor (SVR) and multiple linear regressor (MLR) were adopted to identify the most time-sensitive variable in the UK dataset from Wave 1 (n = 435). In the second part of the study, we tested b) whether the pattern of self-perceived loneliness found in the first UK national lockdown was generalisable to the second wave of the UK lockdown (17 October 2020 to 31 January 2021). To do so, data from Wave 2 of the UK lockdown (n = 263) was used to conduct a graphical inspection of the week-by-week distribution of self-perceived loneliness scores. In both SVR and MLR models, depressive symptoms resulted to be the most time-sensitive variable during the lockdown period. Statistical analysis of depressive symptoms by week of lockdown resulted in a U-shaped pattern between weeks 3 and 7 of Wave 1 of the UK national lockdown. Furthermore, although the sample size by week in Wave 2 was too small to have a meaningful statistical insight, a graphical U-shaped distribution between weeks 3 and 9 of lockdown was observed. Consistent with past studies, these preliminary results suggest that self-perceived loneliness and depressive symptoms may be two of the most relevant symptoms to address when imposing lockdown restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Carollo
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Andrea Bizzego
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Giulio Gabrieli
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keri Ka-Yee Wong
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Raine
- Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
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28
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Knickerbocker KJ, Cox EA, Dhawka L, Woods K, Ingram KK. Intra-individual impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and sleep in young adults. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276165. [PMID: 36301946 PMCID: PMC9612502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unique academic, social, financial, and health-related challenges for young adults. While numerous studies have documented average increases in reported mental health issues in the general population, few have measured the magnitude of changes in mental health symptoms and sleep difficulties within individuals. Here, we measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and sleep of university students pre- and mid-pandemic. Prior to the pandemic (Fall 2019), individuals (n = 23) were recruited to participate in an eight-day, comprehensive sleep study using Fitbit® actigraphy. Participants also completed detailed mental health and sleep surveys, including depression (BDI-II), anxiety (STAI), and sleep disturbance (PROMIS) surveys. One year later, these individuals repeated the study during the pandemic (Fall 2020); participants completed the original surveys and sleep study, in addition to a targeted survey on mental and sleep health due to the pandemic. Self-reported levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance, and sleep parameters, measured by actigraphy, were compared within the same individuals pre- and mid-pandemic. Self-report survey data revealed that three-quarters of participants experienced an increase in stress and anxiety due to the pandemic. In addition, intra-individual depression and anxiety symptoms increased to clinically significant levels within individuals from pre- to mid-pandemic. Over two-thirds of participants reported sleeping less, and more than half reported that their sleep health had worsened during the pandemic. Changes in sleep disturbance were positively associated with changes in depression and anxiety, reinforcing the robust relationship between poor sleep quality and mental health. Furthermore, individuals who reported greater sleep disturbance during the pandemic experienced lower relative proportions of both REM and deep sleep. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students is multi-faceted-mental health, sleep quality, and the amount of restorative sleep are negatively affected by the pandemic environment. These compounded effects exacerbate the health consequences of the pandemic and highlight a need for increased attention to the prevention and treatment of mental health disorders, particularly in vulnerable populations of young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evelyn A. Cox
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States of America
| | - Luvna Dhawka
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States of America
| | - Kerri Woods
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States of America
| | - Krista K. Ingram
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Chankasingh K, Booth A, Albert A, Kaida A, Smith LW, Racey CS, Gottschlich A, Murray MC, Sadarangani M, Ogilvie GS, Galea LA, Brotto LA. Coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed methods approach to understand how social factors influence coping ability. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10880. [PMID: 36247143 PMCID: PMC9536866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and public health protection measures aimed at mitigating the transmission of the virus have both resulted in tremendous physical and mental health impacts. The study at hand used a gender-based analysis and social determinants of health approach to investigate which communities had trouble coping during times of strict protection measures and symptoms and strategies employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were recruited from previously established cohorts as a part of the COVID-19 Rapid Evidence Study of a Provincial Population-Based Cohort for Gender and Sex (RESPPONSE) study. Being a young adult, female, woman, gender diverse, low-income earner or LGBTQ/2S+ was significantly associated with not being able to cope during the first wave of the pandemic. The effects for females, women, and gender diverse were attenuated yet still significant when controlling for various covariates. Those who reported not coping were more likely to present maladaptive coping symptoms and strategies. Our findings demonstrate the need to support marginalized communities in coping with the current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and build proactive support for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Chankasingh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Booth
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arianne Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela Kaida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laurie W. Smith
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C. Sarai Racey
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Melanie C.M. Murray
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UBC; Oak Tree Clinic, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gina S. Ogilvie
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A.M. Galea
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lori A. Brotto
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Corresponding author.
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Gezgin Yazici H, Ökten Ç. The Insomnia and Loneliness of Elderly Individuals and Affecting Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:601-608. [PMID: 35287564 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2053630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the loneliness and sleep problems of older people and the variables during the COVID-19 in Turkey pandemic and the variables that affect them. Snowball sampling was used in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. Google forms, personal information form, the UCLA Loneliness Scale III and the Insomnia Severity Index were used to collect data in December 2020. The questionnaire link was disseminated by e-mail and social media. By clicking the link, the participants were automatically directed to information about the study and received informed consent forms. The participants were urged to send the questionnaire to as many individuals as they could. This research was conducted with 412 participants. Education level and perceived health status affected their loneliness. The older people had loneliness and sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, and these problems were affected by sociodemographic variables. Loneliness and insomnia are positively correlated, and loneliness affects the severity of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Gezgin Yazici
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mental Health Nursing Department, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Ökten
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Nursing Department, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
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Platto S, Serres A, Normando S, Wang Y, Turner DC. Changes in the Dog's and Cat's Behaviors, as Reported by the Owners, before and during the Lockdown in China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192596. [PMID: 36230338 PMCID: PMC9559505 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic had and still has on human psychological health, it is expected that it might also affect household dogs’ and cats’ welfare. The current study explores the behavioral changes in dogs and cats before (BL) and during the lockdown (DL), as reported by their owners in China. Besides demographic parameters, variables related to the daily management of dogs and cats were analyzed in relation to behavioral problems, stress-related behaviors, and anxiety-related behaviors before and during the lockdown. A total of 261 questionnaires were collected. In general, behavioral problems and stress-related behaviors in dogs (p < 0.001) and cats (p < 0.001) decreased DL compared to BL, while anxiety-related behaviors in cats did not show any differences between the two periods considered. On the other hand, anxiety-related behaviors were more frequent in dogs DL (36.3%) compared to BL (35%), which were associated with reduced frequency of play activities with the owners (p = 0.016) and altered sleeping habits (p < 0.01). During the lockdown, dogs’ and cats’ daily routines and management (feeding and sleeping habits, dogs’ walks, dogs’ and cats’ play activities, litter box management, and cats’ lifestyle) experienced changes, but they were not associated with any behavioral issues. On the other hand, the behavioral issues considered for dogs and cats were more frequent BL, which were influenced by the daily management of the pets. The current study showed how critical the attention the owners can provide to the pets could be, to improve their companion animals’ welfare. Therefore, it is important to provide pet owners with behavioral management support both during particularly difficult periods such as a lockdown and during regular daily routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Platto
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Agathe Serres
- Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 28 Luhuitou Road, Jiyang District, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Simona Normando
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Yanqing Wang
- China Conservation and Green Development Foundation, Beijing 110108, China
| | - Dennis C. Turner
- Institute for applied Ethology and Animal Psychology, I.E.A.P./I.E.T., 8810 Horgen, Switzerland
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Kim H, Cho IK, Lee D, Kim K, Lee J, Cho E, Park CHK, Chung S. Effect of Cancer-Related Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep on Fear of Cancer Progression in the Coronavirus Pandemic. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e272. [PMID: 36123961 PMCID: PMC9485067 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore clinical correlates of fear of progression (FoP) among patients with cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and examine the mediation effect of cancer-related dysfunctional beliefs about sleep (C-DBS). METHODS Medical charts of patients with cancer who visited a psycho-oncology clinic between July and November 2021 were reviewed. Baseline socio-demographic and cancer-related variables were collected. Patients' self-report questionnaires, regarding FoP, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items; PHQ-9), viral anxiety (Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items; SAVE-6), C-DBS, and other distress, were investigated. Pearson's correlation and linear regression were performed to examine the risk factors of FoP. Mediation effect analysis with the bootstrap method with 2,000 resamples was implemented. RESULTS A total of 231 patients were included in the analysis. Linear regression revealed that FoP was predicted by age (β = -0.14, P = 0.003), PHQ-9 (β = 0.48, P < 0.001), SAVE-6 (β = 0.34, P < 0.001), and C-DBS (β = 0.15, P = 0.005). FoP was directly influenced by SAVE-6 and mediated by C-DBS, while it was directly influenced by PHQ-9 with no mediation effect. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, the FoP of patients with cancer was associated with younger age, depression, viral anxiety, and C-DBS. Depression and viral anxiety directly influenced FoP, while C-DBS mediated the association between viral anxiety and FoP. Therefore, oncology healthcare professionals are recommended to assess C-DBS of their patients when they are highly distressed from FoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Dongin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Kyumin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Joohee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Eulah Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - C Hyung Keun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea.
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Abdulrazzaq ZT. The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on Iraqi wrestlers. J Med Life 2022; 15:963-966. [PMID: 36188653 PMCID: PMC9514825 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted normal life. At the beginning of March 2020, few cases of infected individuals were recorded, but then the number increased with time, and millions of Iraqi people were forced to stay home, losing many of their daily habits. Banning sports teams from gatherings was a global and local problem facing sports, affecting weight, dietary habits, and other life aspects. This observational retrospective study aimed to determine the changes in athletes' lifestyles like training hours, sleeping hours, weight, and other daily habits. The data were recorded 8 months before the lockdown by their coaches and the medical staff of wrestling teams and after the lockdown by surveys and questionnaires directly from the athletes for this study. The results confirmed that Iraqi wrestlers were still committed to not smoking nor drinking alcohol as before the lockdown, but training hours were down to one hour compared to 3 hours daily before the lockdown. All parts of society were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and athletes were on top of the social pyramid to manage the problems that resulted from the quarantine and social distancing. Athletes, coaches, medical sports staff, nutritionists, and captains should carry the responsibility to return life to its main road as they should double their efforts to win this battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Tareq Abdulrazzaq
- Department of Dentistry, Al-Mustafa University College, Baghdad, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Zeyad Tareq Abdulrazzaq, Department of Dentistry, Al-Mustafa University College, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail:
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Kantor J, Kantor BN, Fortgang RG, Pace-Schott EF. Sleep Quality Impairment Is Associated With Pandemic Attitudes During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Circuit Breaker Lockdown in England: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:819231. [PMID: 35910875 PMCID: PMC9334795 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.819231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with sleep quality impairment and psychological distress, and the general public has responded to the pandemic and quarantine requirements in a variety of ways. We aimed to investigate whether sleep quality is low during a short-term (circuit break) quarantine restriction, and whether sleep quality is associated with respondents' overall attitudes to the pandemic using a validated scale.Design and SettingOnline cross-sectional study in England in November 2020.ParticipantsThe study included 502 respondents over the age of 18.MeasurementsSleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and pandemic attitudes were assessed using the Oxford Pandemic Attitudes Scale–COVID-19 (OPAS-C), a validated 20-item, 7-domain scale that assesses pandemic-related stress, fear, loneliness, sense of community, sense of exaggerated concern, non-pharmaceutical interventions, and vaccine hesitancy. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression odds ratios of association were assessed between the dependent variable of poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) and risk factors, including OPAS-C score, age, sex, educational status, and income.ResultsThe mean (SD) PSQI score was 7.62 (3.49). Overall, 68.9% of respondents met criteria for poor sleep quality using the PSQI cutoff of >5. The mean (SD) OPAS-C score was 60.3 (9.1). There was a significantly increased odds of poor sleep quality in the highest vs. lowest OPAS-C quartiles (OR 4.94, 95% CI [2.67, 9.13], p < 0.0001). Age, sex, income, political leaning, employment status, and education attainment were not associated with poor sleep quality.ConclusionsMore than two-thirds of respondents met criteria for poor sleep quality. The odds of poor sleep quality increased in a dose-response relationship with pandemic attitudes (such as higher levels of pandemic-related stress, fear, or loneliness). The association between poor sleep quality and pandemic attitudes suggests opportunities for public health and sleep medicine interventions, and highlights the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kantor
- Center for Global Health, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Florida Center for Dermatology, St Augustine, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jonathan Kantor
| | | | | | - Edward F. Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Halouani N, Gdoura D, Chaari I, Moussa N, Msaad S, Kamoun S, Ellouze S, Turki M, Aloulou J. [Anxiety, depression and stress-related disorders in post Covid-19: A Tunisian study]. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2022:S0003-4487(22)00211-6. [PMID: 35855680 PMCID: PMC9279388 DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES - Our study aimed to assess anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder in post coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and identify associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS - Our study is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out during the period from March 1 to May 15th 2021 on patients who were hospitalized and discharged from the Covid-19 unit in the pneumology department at the Hedi Chaker hospital in Sfax (Tunisia). Patients who met all of the following criteria were included: aged 18 and over; having a diagnosis of Covid-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or by CT scan; monitored at the Covid-19 unit and who their clinical conditions did not require intensive care; survivors after 3 months of leaving the service; and having given their informed and informal consent to participate in the study. RESULTS - Our study included 154 patients. The prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder was 24.7%, 11% and 13.6% respectively. We found an association between depression and female gender (p= 0.025), gastrointestinal involvement (p= 0.002) and stigma (p= 0.002). We found an association between anxiety and grade level (p= 0.034), and between anxiety and asthenia (p= 0.032). CONCLUSIONS - Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder were independent of the majority of disease characteristics including the severity of Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Halouani
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Dorra Gdoura
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Imen Chaari
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Nedia Moussa
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Sameh Msaad
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Samy Kamoun
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Sahar Ellouze
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Mariem Turki
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Jihen Aloulou
- Service de psychiatrie « B », CHU Hédi Chaker, 3029, Sfax, Tunisie
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García-Garro PA, Aibar-Almazán A, Rivas-Campo Y, Vega-Ávila GC, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Martínez-Amat A, Afanador-Rodríguez MI, Hita-Contreras F. Factors Associated with the Level of Physical Activity in Middle-Aged Colombian People during Lockdown in Response to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10061050. [PMID: 35742101 PMCID: PMC9223190 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10061050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, mandatory confinement was declared, which generated a decrease in the practice of physical activity (PA). Based on this problem, it was proposed to study the associations between PA in relation to depressive symptoms, quality of sleep, and the quality of life of middle-aged people who work in the university context during compulsory confinement as a result of COVID-19. (2) Methods: A total of 336 middle-aged people (48 ± 6.67) participated in this analytical cross-sectional study. The variable levels of PA, quality of sleep, symptoms of depression, and quality of life were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionary (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), and the SF-12v2 questionnaire, respectively. (3) Results: A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships between the level of PA and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.053), total sleep duration (OR = 0.495), sleep disturbances (OR = 2.414), quality of sleep (OR = 2.471), use of sleep medication (OR = 0.348), daytime dysfunction (OR = 1.809), general health (OR = 0.949), and physical functioning (OR = 0.987). (4) Conclusions: In middle-aged people, during compulsory confinement, being insufficiently active is a risk for depressive symptoms and disturbances in sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Alexandra García-Garro
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (F.H.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Gloria Cecilia Vega-Ávila
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (F.H.-C.)
| | - María Isabel Afanador-Rodríguez
- GIP Pedagogy Research Group, Faculty of Distance and Virtual Education, Antonio José Camacho University Institution, Santiago de Cali 760016, Colombia; (P.A.G.-G.); (Y.R.-C.); (G.C.V.-Á.); (D.F.A.-R.); (M.I.A.-R.)
| | - Fidel Hita-Contreras
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.M.-A.); (F.H.-C.)
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Bello UM, Kannan P, Chutiyami M, Salihu D, Cheong AMY, Miller T, Pun JW, Muhammad AS, Mahmud FA, Jalo HA, Ali MU, Kolo MA, Sulaiman SK, Lawan A, Bello IM, Gambo AA, Winser SJ. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:814981. [PMID: 35655463 PMCID: PMC9152218 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.814981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical and socio-economic uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have had a substantial impact on mental health. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature reporting the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general populace in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associated risk factors. Methods A systematic search of the following databases African Journal Online, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception until 30th September 2021. Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression among the general populace in African settings were considered for inclusion. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Meta-analyses on prevalence rates were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. Results Seventy-eight primary studies (62,380 participants) were identified from 2,325 studies via electronic and manual searches. Pooled prevalence rates for anxiety (47%, 95% CI: 40-54%, I2 = 99.19%) and depression (48%, 95% CI: 39-57%, I2 = 99.45%) were reported across Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex (female) and history of existing medical/chronic conditions were identified as major risk factors for anxiety and depression. Conclusions The evidence put forth in this synthesis demonstrates the substantial impact of the pandemic on the pervasiveness of these psychological symptoms among the general population. Governments and stakeholders across continental Africa should therefore prioritize the allocation of available resources to institute educational programs and other intervention strategies for preventing and ameliorating universal distress and promoting psychological wellbeing. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021228023, PROSPERO CRD42021228023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Muhammad Bello
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Physiotherapy, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Priya Kannan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Chutiyami
- School of Nursing, Institute of Health and Management, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dauda Salihu
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Allen M. Y. Cheong
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tiev Miller
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joe Wing Pun
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Fatima Ado Mahmud
- Physiotherapy Department, Yobe State Specialist Hospital, Damaturu, Nigeria
| | | | - Mohammed Usman Ali
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Aliyu Lawan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Stanley John Winser
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Alkanhal AF, Alhinti MF, Alatoui SE, Alrashidi RR, Saleh A. Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances Associated With the COVID-19 Outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e24838. [PMID: 35702468 PMCID: PMC9177223 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 became a global respiratory pandemic as it disrupted millions of lives and commerce. The implementation of strict lockdown measures to confine the outbreak can negatively affect people's overall sleep quality and mental health. We aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance and the psychological impact associated with the spread of COVID-19 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A nationally online questionnaire was sent to participants aged >18 years to assess their socio-demographic information, assessment of psychological status by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and assessment of sleep disturbance by Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scales. Results The total sample consisted of 399 participants. The mean age was 34.70 ± 12.57 years; predominant responses were from females (69.4%). The study sample was mostly made up of students (32.1%), and more than half of the participants (52.6%) were married. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia was 38.6%, 33.1%, and 54.9%, respectively. Participants with comorbidities were significantly at higher risk of having symptoms of depression in comparison to subjects free from chronic diseases (OR=2.19 95% Cl: 1.24-3.86, p=001). Conclusion These findings suggest that the prevalence of poor sleep quality and worsening mental health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was high during the COVID-19 lockdown, which articulates the requirement for raising the awareness, screening, and management of worsening sleep quality and mental health due to the unwholesome effect they may have on the individual's health.
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Babicki M, Piotrowski P, Mastalerz-Migas A. Assessment of Insomnia Symptoms, Quality of Life, Daytime Sleepiness, and Psychoactive Substance Use among Polish Students: A Cross-Sectional Online Survey for Years 2016–2021 before and during COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082106. [PMID: 35456199 PMCID: PMC9026410 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are a serious health problem worldwide, and insomnia is their most common manifestation. An increasing number of people have insomnia every year, young adults, especially. Due to the importance that sleep has in almost every aspect of our lives, the need to monitor disturbances in circadian rhythms has arisen. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among Polish students, including their quality of life (QOL) and drug use patterns. The study also investigated associations between sleep, QoL, and drug use. The study was conducted in 2016–2021 based on the self-made sociodemographic questionnaire, as well as standardized psychometric tools: Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Manchester Short Assessment of quality of life (MANSA). A total of 14,844 students participated in the study. The majority were women (80.7%), of which 3425 (23.1%) were medical students, with the most numerous representing medical and dental faculties, 1884 (57.2%). Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 52.1% of the surveys were collected; 54.1% of respondents had insomnia as indicated by the AIS scores, and 26.1% displayed sleepiness during the day. Female students, the first-year college students, more often suffered from sleep disorders. Drug use was widespread among Polish students, correlating with sleep assessment results and QoL. In conclusion, sleep disorders are a significant clinical problem among Polish students. Female and junior students’ years are more prone to sleep deprivation. Insufficient sleep can be associated with a lower QoL score and psychoactive substance use. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep are not conclusive, because there was decreasing quality for longer sleep durations. In order to analyze these associations, there is a need for further in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Babicki
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Patryk Piotrowski
- Section of Epidemiology and Social Psychiatry, Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-16-52
| | - Agnieszka Mastalerz-Migas
- Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.B.); (A.M.-M.)
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Jahrami HA, Alhaj OA, Humood AM, Alenezi AF, Fekih-Romdhane F, AlRasheed MM, Saif ZQ, Bragazzi NL, Pandi-Perumal SR, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV. Sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 62:101591. [PMID: 35131664 PMCID: PMC8782754 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the extent of sleep disturbances during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eleven databases and six preprint repositories were searched for the period from November 1, 2019, to July 15, 2021. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to develop random-effect meta-analyses. Two hundred and fifty studies comprising 493,475 participants from 49 countries were included. During COVID-19, the estimated global prevalence of sleep disturbances was 40.49% [37.56; 43.48%]. Bayesian meta-analysis revealed an odds of 0.68 [0.59; 0.77] which translates to a rate of approximately 41%. This provides reassurance that the estimated rate using classical meta-analysis is robust. Six major populations were identified; the estimated prevalence of sleep problem was 52.39% [41.69; 62.88%] among patients infected with COVID-19, 45.96% [36.90; 55.30%] among children and adolescents, 42.47% [37.95; 47.12%] among healthcare workers, 41.50% [32.98; 50.56%] among special populations with healthcare needs, 41.16% [28.76; 54.79%] among university students, and 36.73% [32.32; 41.38%] among the general population. Sleep disturbances were higher during lockdown compared to no lockdown, 42.49% versus 37.97%. Four in every ten individuals reported a sleep problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients infected with the disease, children, and adolescents appeared to be the most affected groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Jahrami
- Ministry of Health, Bahrain; College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain.
| | - Omar A Alhaj
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ali M Humood
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
| | - Ahmad F Alenezi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
| | - Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Psychiatry Department "Ibn Omrane", Tunisia; Tunis El Manar University, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maha M AlRasheed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc., College Street, Toronto, Canada; Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, and Biobehavioral Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, United States
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Ramírez C, García A, Santos I, Borrani J, Valdez P. Changes in sleep habits during the lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic in the population and people attending a morning or an afternoon shift in Monterrey, Mexico. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:918-935. [PMID: 35282725 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2049809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To fight the Covid-19 pandemic, most countries implemented a lockdown that involved restricting the activity and confining the population to their homes. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of the lockdown on sleep in people from the population of Monterrey, Mexico, and people attending a morning or afternoon work or study shift after more than a month adaptation period. Participants were 861 residents from Monterrey, Mexico, who completed an anonymous 20-minute web-based survey. The survey asked for information about sleep habits both before and during the lockdown. In Mexico, a national lockdown was declared on March 23rd, 2020. Data collection began 38 days after the start of the lockdown, from April 30th to May 23rd, 2020, allowing enough time for the participants to adjust to the new conditions. The lockdown affected the sleep of the population, producing a phase delay of the sleep-wake cycle, a reduction of sleep duration, as well as an increase in sleep latency and in time awake during night sleep, resulting in a reduction of sleep efficiency. People attending an afternoon shift also showed a phase delay and a reduction in sleep quality during the lockdown. In conclusion, the lockdown produced a delay of sleep and a reduction of sleep quality of the population, even in people with an afternoon shift. It is necessary to design and implement better strategies in the fight against the pandemic, without compromising the wellbeing of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Ramírez
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Aída García
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ivana Santos
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Borrani
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Pablo Valdez
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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Orr K, Ta Z, Shoaf K, Halliday TM, Tobin S, Baron KG. Sleep, Diet, Physical Activity, and Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:66. [PMID: 35323385 PMCID: PMC8945701 DOI: 10.3390/bs12030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed routines and habits, raising stress and anxiety levels of individuals worldwide. The goal of this qualitative study was to advance the understanding of how pandemic-related changes affected sleep, diet, physical activity (PA), and stress among adults. We conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 185 participants and selected 33 interviews from a represented sample based on age, race, and gender for coding and analysis of themes. After coding for thematic analysis, results demonstrated four primary themes: sleep, diet, PA, and stress. Sleep sub-themes such as poorer sleep quality were reported by 36% of our participants, and 12% reported increased an frequency of vivid dreams and nightmares. PA was decreased in 52% of our participants, while 33% experienced an increase and 15% experienced no change in PA. Participants also reported having an improved diet, mostly among women. Stress was elevated in 79% of our participants and was more likely to be discussed by women. Many participants reported how stress was involved in precipitating health behavior change, especially for sleep. Increased stress was also linked to elevated anxiety and depression among participants. The results of this qualitative study demonstrate how managing stress could have a beneficial effect on promoting health behaviors and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyanna Orr
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, 375 Chipeta Way A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.O.); (Z.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Zachary Ta
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, 375 Chipeta Way A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.O.); (Z.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kimberley Shoaf
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, 375 Chipeta Way A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.O.); (Z.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Tanya M. Halliday
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S. 1850 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.M.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Selene Tobin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, 250 S. 1850 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (T.M.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Kelly Glazer Baron
- Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, 375 Chipeta Way A, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.O.); (Z.T.); (K.S.)
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Stress, Depression, and Unhealthy Behavior Changes among Patients with Diabetes during COVID-19 in Korea. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020303. [PMID: 35206917 PMCID: PMC8871857 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The government ordered various restrictions to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), thus, affecting the mental health status and lifestyle of people with diabetes. This study identifies COVID-19 effects on mental health problems and unhealthy behavioral changes among patients with diabetes. The subjects of this cross-sectional study were adults aged 19 years or older who participated in the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey. Stress, depression, and changes in unhealthy behavior in diabetic patients (N = 26,839) because of COVID-19 were compared with controls (N = 26,834). The association between stress and depression and unhealthy behaviors among patients with diabetes was investigated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 20.3% and 4.2% of diabetic patients reported higher levels of stress and depression, respectively, than controls. Diabetic patients showed decreased physical activity and sleep time, and increased smoking. Among diabetic patients, stress and depression are associated with unhealthy behavior changes during COVID-19. Measures to promote healthy lifestyles along with stress and depression management strategies must be implemented for the health care of diabetic patients during the pandemic.
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Guo T, Zhang Z, Taylor A, Hall DL, Yeung AS, Kramer AF, Zou L. Association of social support with negative emotions among Chinese adolescents during Omicron-related lockdown of Shenzhen City: The roles of rumination and sleep quality. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:957382. [PMID: 36046154 PMCID: PMC9423767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.957382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents are likely to suffer from negative emotions such as depression and anxiety due to the rapid development of biological, cognitive and social changes. Previous studies have indicated possible risk (rumination) and protective (good social support and high sleep quality) factors for depression and anxiety among this age group. The present study is the first to investigate the association between social support and negative emotions during the Outbreak of Omicron variant, on this basis, to further determine the mediating role of rumination and sleep quality on this link. METHOD A total of 1,065 Chinese middle- and high-school students (51.5% female, M age = 13.80, SD = 1.20) completed a psychosocial battery, including the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Serial multiple mediation analysis was conducted using PROCESS macro based on SPSS. RESULTS Social support, rumination, and sleep quality were significantly negatively correlated with negative emotional states (Ps < 0.05). Further, rumination and sleep quality were found to partially mediate the relationship between social support and negative emotional states. CONCLUSIONS For early detection and prevention of depression and anxiety, providing sufficient social support is necessary for adolescents, because rumination and sleep problems are reported during stressful periods, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Guo
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Alyx Taylor
- School of Rehabilitation, Sport and Psychology, AECC University College, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel L Hall
- Mongan Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Albert S Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.,Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Quality of Life, Insomnia and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic in Hospital Workers. A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312466. [PMID: 34886191 PMCID: PMC8656884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 became a pandemic in a few months, leading to adverse health outcomes, reducing the quality of life, affecting the sleep/wake cycle, and altering coping strategies, especially among hospital personnel. Life quality, insomnia, and coping strategies were thus assessed among hospital personnel during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2020 through an online survey. There were 558 participants (28.5% males and 71.5% females) enrolled in two different metropolitan areas (in North and South of Italy, respectively). Three standardized questionnaires were administered: European Quality of life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Brief COPE. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and work-related factors were also investigated in order to identify possible predictors through a generalized linear model and logistic regression analysis. Results showed good perceived life quality and high insomnia prevalence. After sample stratification, the statistical analysis highlighted that personal (gender, age, educational level) and work-related factors (employment in COVID wards, remote working) played different roles in predicting quality of life, insomnia, and coping attitude. Active, Planning, and Acceptance were the most frequently adopted coping strategies. Despite women confirming their attitude in reacting to the difficulties, adopting emotion-focused coping strategies, they showed a higher probability to develop insomnia, so a gender perspective should be considered in the health protection of this working category. An integrated approach should be implemented at individual, interpersonal and organizational levels aiming to monitor psychological distress, favor regular sharing and communication between peers, and also allow conciliation of work with family life. At the organizational level, preventive and protective measures adequate to work-related risk to COVID-19 should be adopted.
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Gorgoni M, Scarpelli S, Mangiaruga A, Alfonsi V, Bonsignore MR, Fanfulla F, Ferini-Strambi L, Nobili L, Plazzi G, De Gennaro L. Pre-sleep arousal and sleep quality during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Sleep Med 2021; 88:46-57. [PMID: 34731828 PMCID: PMC8577578 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly affected daily habits and psychological wellbeing, and many studies point to large modifications in several sleep and sleep-related domains. Nevertheless, pre-sleep arousal during the pandemic has been substantially overlooked. Since hyperarousal represents one of the main factors for the development and the perpetuation of chronic insomnia disorder, the assessment of variables associated with high levels of pre-sleep arousal during the pandemic is clinically relevant. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of perceived sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal in an Italian sample during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods We used an online survey to collect self-reported sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, sleep, and sleep-related data. Our final sample included 761 participants. Results Beyond a high frequency of poor sleep quality, depressive and stress symptoms, our results show that almost half of the sample suffered from clinically relevant levels of at least one component (ie, cognitive, somatic) of pre-sleep arousal. Subjects with greater pre-sleep arousal exhibited poorer sleep quality. Also, sleep quality was strongly associated with somatic and cognitive pre-sleep arousal. Regarding the predictors of sleep and sleep-related measures, depressive and event-related stress symptoms were the main factors associated with both poor sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal components. Moreover, specific sociodemographic and environmental variables were uniquely related to sleep quality, cognitive or somatic pre-sleep arousal. Conclusions These findings suggest that the assessment of specific sleep-related factors (ie, pre-sleep arousal), together with more global measures of sleep quality, may be crucial to depict the complex impact of the pandemic on sleep, and to help prevent and counteract the spread of insomnia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Gorgoni
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Scarpelli
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia Mangiaruga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Fanfulla
- Sleep Medicine Unit, Clinical and Scientific Maugeri Institutes, Scientific Institute of Pavia IRCCS Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Lino Nobili
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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El Bilali H, Ben Hassen T, Baya Chatti C, Abouabdillah A, Alaoui SB. Exploring Household Food Dynamics During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Morocco. Front Nutr 2021; 8:724803. [PMID: 34646850 PMCID: PMC8502820 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.724803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside the dramatic impact on health systems, eating, shopping, and other food-related habits may have been affected by the COVID-19 crisis. This paper analyses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food shopping habits and food-related activities of a diverse sample of 340 adult consumers in Morocco. The study is based on an online survey conducted in Morocco from September 15 to November 5, 2020, utilizing a standardized questionnaire delivered in French and Arabic via Survey Monkey. The findings show that consumers' diet, shopping behavior, and food interactions have changed significantly. Indeed, the survey outcomes indicated (i) an increase in the consumption of local items owing to food safety concerns; (ii) an increase in online grocery shopping; (iii) a rise in panic buying and food hoarding; and (iv) an increase in culinary capabilities. The findings are expected to help guide Morocco's current emergency measures as well as long-term food-related policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid El Bilali
- International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano, Italy
| | - Tarek Ben Hassen
- Department of International Affairs, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chedli Baya Chatti
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aziz Abouabdillah
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ecole Nationale D'Agriculture de Meknès, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Si Bennasseur Alaoui
- Department of Production, Protection and Biotechnology, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
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Chen J, Farah N, Dong RK, Chen RZ, Xu W, Yin J, Chen BZ, Delios AY, Miller S, Wan X, Ye W, Zhang SX. Mental Health during the COVID-19 Crisis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010604. [PMID: 34682357 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.19.21255755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We aim to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms among major African populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We include articles from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv between 1 February 2020 and 6 February 2021, and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses. We identify 28 studies and 32 independent samples from 12 African countries with a total of 15,071 participants. The pooled prevalence of anxiety was 37% in 27 studies, of depression was 45% in 24 studies, and of insomnia was 28% in 9 studies. The pooled prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in North Africa (44%, 55%, and 31%, respectively) are higher than those in Sub-Saharan Africa (31%, 30%, and 24%, respectively). We find (a) a scarcity of studies in several African countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases; (b) high heterogeneity among the studies; (c) the extent and pattern of prevalence of mental health symptoms in Africa is high and differs from elsewhere-more African adults suffer from depression rather than anxiety and insomnia during COVID 19 compared to adult populations in other countries/regions. Hence, our findings carry crucial implications and impact future research to enable evidence-based medicine in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Chen
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Nusrat Farah
- College of Business and Analytics, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Rebecca Kechen Dong
- Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | | | - Wen Xu
- International Business and Management Department, Nottingham University Business School China, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jin Yin
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bryan Z Chen
- Crescent Valley High School, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | | | - Saylor Miller
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Xue Wan
- School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenping Ye
- Department of Business Administration, School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Stephen X Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Faculty of Professions, Entrepreneurship, Commercialization and Innovation Center, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Mental Health during the COVID-19 Crisis in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010604. [PMID: 34682357 PMCID: PMC8536091 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We aim to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms among major African populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We include articles from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and medRxiv between 1 February 2020 and 6 February 2021, and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses. We identify 28 studies and 32 independent samples from 12 African countries with a total of 15,071 participants. The pooled prevalence of anxiety was 37% in 27 studies, of depression was 45% in 24 studies, and of insomnia was 28% in 9 studies. The pooled prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in North Africa (44%, 55%, and 31%, respectively) are higher than those in Sub-Saharan Africa (31%, 30%, and 24%, respectively). We find (a) a scarcity of studies in several African countries with a high number of COVID-19 cases; (b) high heterogeneity among the studies; (c) the extent and pattern of prevalence of mental health symptoms in Africa is high and differs from elsewhere-more African adults suffer from depression rather than anxiety and insomnia during COVID 19 compared to adult populations in other countries/regions. Hence, our findings carry crucial implications and impact future research to enable evidence-based medicine in Africa.
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50
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Sleep Habits during COVID-19 Confinement: An Exploratory Analysis from Portugal. INFORMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/informatics8030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic consequences are tragic, and many problems will persist after the health problem ends. Some studies have focused on mental health issues, reporting worrying percentages. It is known that there is a bidirectional relationship between mental health and sleep quality, and it would be expected that sleep would be affected by the pandemic. In order to know the Portuguese people’s habits before and during the confinement, we carried out a survey of 188 people aged 13 to 84 (38 ± 15) to find out the most frequent sleep patterns, habits and disorders before and during confinement. With this survey it was also intended to measure the most frequent changes in sleep patterns, habits, and disturbances on the general population and according to demographic data (gender, age group and professional status), sleep disorders arise, perceptions about sleep during confinement and if Portuguese think that in the future the sleep patterns will be the pre or during outbreak. Results indicate that, comparing before and during confinement, there is a slight correlation between gender and sleep disorders (before vs. during), a correlation between age group and professional status time to wake up, and between professional status and sleep disorders, and a strong correlation between the professional situation and changes in the invigorated feeling level (p < 0.001). Support for mental health and interventions to improve sleep quality should be offered to the population in general, and, according to our study, the Portuguese population.
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