1
|
Chandyo RK, Ranjitkar S, Silpakar JS, Ulak M, Kvestad I, Shrestha M, Schwinger C, Hysing M. Sleep characteristics and changes in sleep patterns among infants in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Sleep Health 2024; 10:279-285. [PMID: 38519363 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep undergoes major changes during the first year of life, but the characteristics of sleep among infants in low and middle-income countries are not well documented. This study describes sleep characteristics and changes in sleep patterns in infants at 6 and 12months of age from Bhaktapur, Nepal. METHODS This was a community-based longitudinal study comprising 735 infants. Sleep characteristics were obtained by interview with the mother using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaires. The stability of sleep duration and night awakenings were estimated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Cosleeping in the parent's bed at 6 and 12months of age was almost universal (>97%). At 6months of age, 254 (35%) and at 12months of age, 341 (46%) infants had a total 24-hour sleep duration <12 hours. Night awakenings >3 times per night were common (65%) both at 6 and 12months of age. Infants with frequent nightly awakenings at 6months had increased odds of frequent nightly awakenings at 12months (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.6, 2.9). Very few (<3%) mothers reported sleep problems in their infants at 6 and 12months of age. CONCLUSIONS Cosleeping was almost universal among Nepalese infants, and very few of the mothers reported sleep problems in their infants. Infants at 6 and 12months had similar patterns for both sleep duration and nocturnal awakenings. For infants, there were increased odds of having similar sleep duration and nocturnal awakening at 6 and 12months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram K Chandyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suman Ranjitkar
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jaya S Silpakar
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Manjeswori Ulak
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kvestad
- Innlandet Hospital Trust, Department of Research, Lillehammer, Norway; Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Merina Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Project, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Catherine Schwinger
- Center for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manková D, Švancarová S, Štenclová E. Does the feeding method affect the quality of infant and maternal sleep? A systematic review. Infant Behav Dev 2023; 73:101868. [PMID: 37572515 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding brings many benefits to both mother and infant. Although, many women stop breastfeeding their infants too soon. The perceived association between breastfeeding and sleep may influence their decision to terminate breastfeeding. In our systematic review, we focused on mapping the relationship between infant feeding method and total sleep time (TST), number of nocturnal awakenings, awakenings after sleep onset (WASO) of mothers and infants and sleep quality of mothers. We searched four databases according to selected keywords and inclusion criteria - articles published in peer-reviewed journals between 2012 and 2022; English language; a sample consisting of mothers, infants, or both (without psychiatric and health problems); a comparison of the sleep quality of breastfed and formula-fed children or breastfeeding and formula-fed mothers. We read 260 full texts of selected articles. A total of 35 articles were included in this review. Due to significant heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not possible to accomplish. The results are processed according to narrative synthesis. Most studies agree that breastfed infants wake up more often at night. Total sleep time and time spent awake during the night (WASO) did not differ between breastfed and non-breastfed infants. We observed identical results in sleep variables among mothers. Additionally, there was no difference in maternal sleep quality. The synthesis revealed that the results may have differed due to using subjective, objective methods or the infant's age. It is important to remember that night waking is a more complex concept. Infants wake for many reasons, not just due to breastfeeding. The narrative synthesis indicated that the chosen study design, measurement method, the variables, and the infant's age could influence outcomes. In addition, other variables appeared that may affect the entire process. Therefore, we recommend that attention be paid to this in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Manková
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Soňa Švancarová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Štenclová
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Samson DR, Clerget A, Abbas N, Senese J, Sarma MS, Lew-Levy S, Mabulla IA, Mabulla AZP, Miegakanda V, Borghese F, Henckaerts P, Schwartz S, Sterpenich V, Gettler LT, Boyette A, Crittenden AN, Perogamvros L. Evidence for an emotional adaptive function of dreams: a cross-cultural study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16530. [PMID: 37783728 PMCID: PMC10545663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of dreams is a longstanding scientific research question. Simulation theories of dream function, which are based on the premise that dreams represent evolutionary past selective pressures and fitness improvement through modified states of consciousness, have yet to be tested in cross-cultural populations that include small-scale forager societies. Here, we analyze dream content with cross-cultural comparisons between the BaYaka (Rep. of Congo) and Hadza (Tanzania) foraging groups and Global North populations, to test the hypothesis that dreams in forager groups serve a more effective emotion regulation function due to their strong social norms and high interpersonal support. Using a linear mixed effects model we analyzed 896 dreams from 234 individuals across these populations, recorded using dream diaries. Dream texts were processed into four psychosocial constructs using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC-22) dictionary. The BaYaka displayed greater community-oriented dream content. Both the BaYaka and Hadza exhibited heightened threat dream content, while, at the same time, the Hadza demonstrated low negative emotions in their dreams. The Global North Nightmare Disorder group had increased negative emotion content, and the Canadian student sample during the COVID-19 pandemic displayed the highest anxiety dream content. In conclusion, this study supports the notion that dreams in non-clinical populations can effectively regulate emotions by linking potential threats with non-fearful contexts, reducing anxiety and negative emotions through emotional release or catharsis. Overall, this work contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary significance of this altered state of consciousness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Samson
- Sleep and Human Evolution Lab, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada.
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Alice Clerget
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noor Abbas
- Sleep and Human Evolution Lab, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Senese
- Sleep and Human Evolution Lab, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Mallika S Sarma
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheina Lew-Levy
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ibrahim A Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage, Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Audax Z P Mabulla
- Department of Archaeology and Heritage, Institute of Resource Assessment, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Valchy Miegakanda
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Francesca Borghese
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Henckaerts
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Schwartz
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Sterpenich
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Adam Boyette
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lampros Perogamvros
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Sleep Medicine, 2 Chemin du Petit-Bel-Air, 1226 Thônex, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gettler LT, Samson DR, Kilius E, Sarma MS, Miegakanda V, Lew-Levy S, Boyette AH. Hormone physiology and sleep dynamics among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin: Gendered associations between nighttime activity, testosterone, and cortisol. Horm Behav 2023; 155:105422. [PMID: 37683498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Sleep quality is an important contributor to health disparities and affects the physiological function of the immune and endocrine systems, shaping how resources are allocated to life history demands. Past work in industrial and post-industrial societies has shown that lower total sleep time (TST) or more disrupted nighttime sleep are linked to flatter diurnal slopes for cortisol and lower testosterone production. There has been little focus on these physiological links in other socio-ecological settings where routine sleep conditions and nighttime activity demands differ. We collected salivary hormone (testosterone, cortisol) and actigraphy-based sleep data from Congolese BaYaka foragers (N = 39), who have relatively short and fragmented nighttime sleep, on average, in part due to their typical social sleep conditions and nighttime activity. The hormone and sleep data collections were separated by an average of 11.23 days (testosterone) and 2.84 days (cortisol). We found gendered links between nighttime activity and adults' hormone profiles. Contrary to past findings in Euro-American contexts, BaYaka men who were more active at night, on average, had higher evening testosterone than those with lower nighttime activity, with a relatively flat slope relating nighttime activity and evening testosterone in women. Women had steeper diurnal cortisol curves with less disrupted sleep. Men had steeper cortisol diurnal curves if they were more active at night. BaYaka men often hunt and socialize when active at night, which may help explain these patterns. Overall, our findings indicate that the nature of nighttime activities, including their possible social and subsistence contexts, are potentially important modifiers of sleep quality-physiology links, meriting further research across contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee T Gettler
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Anthropology, Notre Dame 46556, USA; University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame 46556, USA.
| | - David R Samson
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Anthropology, Mississauga L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Erica Kilius
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Anthropology, Mississauga L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Mallika S Sarma
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore 21287, USA
| | - Valchy Miegakanda
- Laboratoire National de Sante Publique, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Sheina Lew-Levy
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Adam H Boyette
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Srimoragot M, Hershberger PE, Park C, Hernandez TL, Izci Balserak B. Infant feeding type and maternal sleep during the postpartum period: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13625. [PMID: 35548942 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the associations among infant feeding types, sleeping habits, and maternal sleep postpartum. Databases including Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied-Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched in addition to reference lists from selected articles and other key references. A critical review of relevant articles from the data sources was conducted with attention to the infant feeding types and maternal night-time sleep. The methodological quality was assessed systematically. The pooled mean difference was calculated. Narrative summaries were also used. A total of 6,472 participants from seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. A random-effects model demonstrated a significantly higher maternal night-time sleep in breastfeeding mothers than non-breastfeeding mothers with a pooled standardized mean difference of 0.24 h (95% confidence interval 0.03-0.46, p = 0.026). Co-sleeping with infants during the night also increased the sleeping hours in breastfeeding mothers. Homogeneity was observed with a Tau2 of 0.0308 and I2 of 44.3%. Funnel plots, Egger's and Begg's tests revealed no evidence of publication bias. This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that breastfeeding may be associated with a longer night-time sleep postpartum and the synthesis of the literature suggested that co-sleeping with the infant was associated with longer sleep duration in breastfeeding women. Further research into factors involving maternal decisions on infant feeding types and their effects on maternal sleep is needed to better understand the mothers' attitude toward infant feeding and their own sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manassawee Srimoragot
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patricia E Hershberger
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Health System Science, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chang Park
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Health System Science, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Bilgay Izci Balserak
- University of Illinois Chicago, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McKinnon L, Shattuck EC, Samson DR. Sound reasons for unsound sleep: Comparative support for the sentinel hypothesis in industrial and nonindustrial groups. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 11:53-66. [PMID: 36945298 PMCID: PMC10024786 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Sleep is a vulnerable state in which individuals are more susceptible to threat, which may have led to evolved mechanisms for increasing safety. The sentinel hypothesis proposes that brief awakenings during sleep may be a strategy for detecting and responding to environmental threats. Observations of sleep segmentation and group sentinelization in hunter-gatherer and small-scale communities support this hypothesis, but to date it has not been tested in comparisons with industrial populations characterized by more secure sleep environments. Methodology Here, we compare wake after sleep onset (WASO), a quantitative measure of nighttime awakenings, between two nonindustrial and two industrial populations: Hadza hunter-gatherers (n = 33), Malagasy small-scale agriculturalists (n = 38), and Hispanic (n = 1,531) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) (n = 347) Americans. We compared nighttime awakenings between these groups using actigraphically-measured sleep data. We fit linear models to assess whether WASO varies across groups, controlling for sex and age. Results We found that WASO varies significantly by group membership and is highest in Hadza (2.44 h) and Malagasy (1.93 h) and lowest in non-Hispanic Whites (0.69 h). Hispanics demonstrate intermediate WASO (0.86 h), which is significantly more than NHW participants. After performing supplementary analysis within the Hispanic sample, we found that WASO is significantly and positively associated with increased perception of neighborhood violence. Conclusions and implications Consistent with principles central to evolutionary medicine, we propose that evolved mechanisms to increase vigilance during sleep may now be mismatched with relatively safer environments, and in part responsible for driving poor sleep health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leela McKinnon
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaL5L 1C6
| | - Eric C Shattuck
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaL5L 1C6
- Institute for Health Disparities Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - David R Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, CanadaL5L 1C6
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gettler LT, Samson DR, Kilius E, Sarma MS, Ouamba YR, Miegakanda V, Boyette AH, Lew-Levy S. Links between household and family social dynamics with sleep profiles among BaYaka foragers of the Congo Basin. Soc Sci Med 2022; 311:115345. [PMID: 36179483 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the contributions of sleep to a range of health outcomes, there is substantial interest in ecological and environmental factors, including psychosocial contexts, that shape variation in sleep between individuals and populations. However, the links between social dynamics and sleep are not well-characterized beyond Euro-American settings, representing a gap in knowledge regarding the way that local socio-ecological conditions interrelate with sleep profiles across diverse settings. Here, we focused on data from a subsistence-level society in Republic of the Congo to test for links between the household/family social environment and sleep measures. Specifically, we used actigraphy-derived sleep data (N = 49; 318 nights) from two community locations (a village and rainforest camp) among BaYaka foragers, who are members of a remote, non-industrialized subsistence society in the Congo Basin. We drew on social dynamics that have been previously linked to sleep variation in Euro-American contexts, including: household crowding, same surface cosleeping, and marital conflict. We examined the following sleep measures: total sleep time (TST), total 24-h sleep time (TTST), and sleep quality (fragmentation). BaYaka adults had shorter and lower quality sleep when their shared sleeping space was more crowded. In the village, parents with breastfeeding-aged infants had longer TTST and higher quality sleep than adults without infants, contrasting with results from other cultural contexts. Based on peer rankings of marital conflict, husbands showed longer and higher quality sleep in less conflicted marriages. Women showed the opposite pattern. These counter-intuitive findings for women may reflect the limitations of the measurement for wives' marital experiences. In total, these results point to the importance of considering local socio-ecological conditions to sleep profiles and underscore the need for expanded study of sleep and health outcomes in settings where shared sleep in constrained space is routine practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee T Gettler
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Anthropology, Notre Dame, 46556, USA; University of Notre Dame, Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, 46556, USA.
| | - David R Samson
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Anthropology, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Erica Kilius
- University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Anthropology, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Mallika S Sarma
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, USA
| | - Yann R Ouamba
- Université Marien N'Gouabi, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et de Foresterie, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Valchy Miegakanda
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Adam H Boyette
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Sheina Lew-Levy
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Astbury L, Bennett C, Pinnington DM, Bei B. Does breastfeeding influence sleep? A longitudinal study across the first two postpartum years. Birth 2022; 49:540-548. [PMID: 35191089 PMCID: PMC9546104 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between breastfeeding and sleep of the gestational parent is poorly understood. This longitudinal study investigated how breastfeeding is associated with total nighttime sleep duration and sleep efficiency (percentage of total sleep time in bed) in nulliparous participants over the first two postpartum years. METHODS Nulliparous participants (N = 155, Mage = 33.45, SDage = 3.50) self-reported patterns of breastfeeding via telephone interviews and sleep via self-report at 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postpartum. Data were analyzed using mixed-effects models, with breastfeeding variables as predictors and sleep variables as outcomes, controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS Neither the presence of breastfeeding nor the percentage of human milk in infants' total diets was significantly associated with participants' sleep duration or sleep quality (P-values > 0.08). This finding held after controlling for the number of nighttime feeds (P-values > 0.11). However, greater numbers of nighttime feeds, regardless of feeding content, were strongly associated with shorter sleep duration and poor sleep efficiency (P-values < 0.05). On average, with each additional nighttime feed, nocturnal sleep duration decreased by 6.6-8.4 minutes, and sleep efficiency decreased by 2.88%-3.02%. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study showed that breastfeeding per se was not associated with shorter or poor nocturnal sleep, but the number of nighttime feeds was. Sharing nighttime infant care amongst different carers in the household could help reduce postpartum sleep disturbance and ameliorate its negative impact on wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Astbury
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesFaculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christie Bennett
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics and FoodBe Active Eat Sleep (BASE) FacilitySchool of Clinical SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Donna M. Pinnington
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesFaculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Women’s Mental HealthDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Women’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Bei Bei
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthSchool of Psychological SciencesFaculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Women’s Mental HealthDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRoyal Women’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adaptive Solutions to the Problem of Vulnerability During Sleep. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40806-022-00330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSleep is a behavioral state whose quantity and quality represent a trade-off between the costs and benefits this state provides versus the costs and benefits of wakefulness. Like many species, we humans are particularly vulnerable during sleep because of our reduced ability to monitor the external environment for nighttime predators and other environmental dangers. A number of variations in sleep characteristics may have evolved over the course of human history to reduce this vulnerability, at both the individual and group level. The goals of this interdisciplinary review paper are (1) to explore a number of biological/instinctual features of sleep that may have adaptive utility in terms of enhancing the detection of external threats, and (2) to consider relatively recent cultural developments that improve vigilance and reduce vulnerability during sleep and the nighttime. This paper will also discuss possible benefits of the proposed adaptations beyond vigilance, as well as the potential costs associated with each of these proposed adaptations. Finally, testable hypotheses will be presented to evaluate the validity of these proposed adaptations.
Collapse
|
10
|
Co-Sleeping as a Protector against Malocclusion in the Primary Dentition: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092338. [PMID: 35566464 PMCID: PMC9103865 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mothers practice co-sleeping and breastfeeding simultaneously, for convenience and to strengthen bonding. Due to the scarcity of studies analyzing the impact of co-sleeping on primary dentition, this study aimed to analyze the possible effects of co-sleeping on children’s occlusion. In this cross-sectional study, mothers of 221 children aged 2−5 years who had been breastfed for less than 6 months completed a questionnaire about non-nutritive sucking habits. The WHO (World Health Organization) and IOTN-AC indices (the Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) were used to assess malocclusion. The type of sagittal (dental and skeletal), transverse and vertical malocclusion was recorded. The non-co-sleeping group showed significantly higher pacifier use (p < 0.05), digital sucking (p < 0.05) and atypical swallowing (p < 0.05) habits. The non-co-sleeping group showed significantly higher mean scores on the IOTN-AC (p < 0.05) and WHO (p < 0.01), a significantly higher presence of canine class II (p < 0.05), anterior open bite (p < 0.05), posterior crossbite (p < 0.05), overbite (p < 0.05), skeletal class II (p < 0.01) and protrusion (p < 0.05). In conclusion, children who practice co-sleeping appear to have a lower frequency and duration of non-nutritive sucking habits. Co-sleeping may contribute to a lower development of malocclusions in children who are weaned early (before six months of age).
Collapse
|
11
|
Gettler LT, Kuo PX, Sarma MS, Lefever JEB, Cummings EM, McKenna JJ, Braungart-Rieker JM. US fathers' reports of bonding, infant temperament and psychosocial stress based on family sleep arrangements. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 9:460-469. [PMID: 35154780 PMCID: PMC8830308 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Evolutionary-grounded sleep research has been critical to establishing the mutual dependence of breastfeeding and nighttime sleep proximity for mothers and infants. Evolutionary perspectives on cosleeping also often emphasize the emotional motivations for and potential benefits of sleep proximity, including for parent-infant bonding. However, this potential link between infant sleep location and bonding remains understudied for both mothers and fathers. Moreover, in Euro-American contexts bedsharing has been linked to family stress and difficult child temperament, primarily via maternal reports. We know relatively little about whether paternal psychosocial dynamics differ based on family sleep arrangements, despite fathers and other kin often being present in the cosleeping environment across cultures. Here, we aim to help address some of these gaps in knowledge pertaining to fathers and family sleep arrangements. Methodology Drawing on a sample of Midwestern U.S. fathers (N=195), we collected sociodemographic and survey data to analyze links between infant nighttime sleep location, paternal psychosocial well-being, father-infant bonding, and infant temperament. From fathers’ reports, families were characterized as routinely solitary sleeping, bedsharing, or roomsharing (without bedsharing). Results We found that routinely roomsharing or bedsharing fathers, respectively, reported stronger bonding than solitary sleepers. Bedsharing fathers also reported that their infants had more negative temperaments and also tended to report greater parenting-related stress due to difficulties with their children. Conclusions These cross-sectional results help to highlight how a practice with deep phylogenetic and evolutionary history, such as cosleeping, can be variably expressed within communities with the potential for family-dependent benefits or strains. Evolutionary-grounded cosleeping research has elucidated the intimate connections between mother-infant sleep proximity and breastfeeding. However, some Euro-American research indicates that bedsharing can coincide with family strain and stress. Here, U.S. fathers who routinely roomshared or bedshared, respectively, reported stronger bonds to their babies than solitary sleeping fathers, but bedsharing fathers also reported more negative infant temperament.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,William J. Shaw Center for Children and Families, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Patty X Kuo
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mallika S Sarma
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - E Mark Cummings
- William J. Shaw Center for Children and Families, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - James J McKenna
- Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Julia M Braungart-Rieker
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kundel V, Agyapong PD, Parekh A, Kaali S, Prah RKD, Taweesedt P, Tawiah T, Ayappa I, Mujtaba MN, Agyei O, Jack D, Osei M, Kwarteng AA, Lee A, Asante KP. Characterizing sleep-wake patterns in mothers and children in an agrarian community: results from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study. Sleep 2022; 45:6526421. [PMID: 35143676 PMCID: PMC9366631 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Several studies have examined sleep patterns in rural/indigenous communities, however little is known about sleep characteristics in women of reproductive age, and children within these populations. We investigate sleep-wake patterns in mothers and children (ages 3-5 years) leveraging data from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS). METHODS The GRAPHS cohort comprises of rural/agrarian communities in Ghana and collected multiday actigraphy in a subset of women and children to assess objective sleep-wake patterns. Data were scored using the Cole-Kripke and Sadeh algorithms for mothers/children. We report descriptive, baseline characteristics and objective sleep measures, compared by access to electricity/poverty status. RESULTS We analyzed data for 58 mothers (mean age 33 ± 6.6) and 64 children (mean age 4 ± 0.4). For mothers, mean bedtime was 9:40 pm ± 56 min, risetime 5:46 am ± 40 min, and total sleep time (TST) was 6.3 h ± 46 min. For children, median bedtime was 8:07 pm (interquartile range [IQR]: 7:50,8:43), risetime 6:09 am (IQR: 5:50,6:37), and mean 24-h TST 10.44 h ± 78 min. Children with access to electricity had a reduced TST compared to those without electricity (p = 0.02). Mean bedtime was later for both mothers (p = 0.05) and children (p = 0.08) classified as poor. CONCLUSIONS Mothers in our cohort demonstrated a shorter TST, and earlier bed/risetimes compared to adults in postindustrialized nations. In contrast, children had a higher TST compared to children in postindustrialized nations, also with earlier sleep-onset and offset times. Investigating objective sleep-wake patterns in rural/indigenous communities can highlight important differences in sleep health related to sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, and help estimate the impact of industrialization on sleep in developed countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Kundel
- Corresponding author. Vaishnavi Kundel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1232, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Prince Darko Agyapong
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Ankit Parekh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seyram Kaali
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | | | - Pahnwat Taweesedt
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Corpus Christi Medical Center, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Theresa Tawiah
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Indu Ayappa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed Nuhu Mujtaba
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Oscar Agyei
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - Darby Jack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Musah Osei
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| | | | - Alison Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Brong Ahafo Region, Kintampo, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Casiraghi L, de la Iglesia HO. Sleep Under Preindustrial Conditions: What We Can Learn from It. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2482:1-14. [PMID: 35610416 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2249-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human sleep is regulated by light in two fundamental ways: The light-dark (LD) cycle entrains a circadian clock that in turn regulates sleep timing, and light per se can acutely inhibit sleep. Throughout evolution, these sleep regulatory systems became highly sensitive to the effects of light and they can be affected by the relatively low light intensities that are used indoors. Thus, postindustrial living conditions have created built environments that have isolated humans from the natural LD cycle and exposed them to an artificial one that can affect daily sleep timing. Studying indigenous communities that have differential access to electricity, as well as communities living in highly urbanized areas, we and others have shown that human access to artificial light has delayed the daily onset of sleep but has had a smaller effect on its offset, leading to an overall reduction in sleep duration that is pervasive in modern societies. In this chapter we discuss these studies, highlight their main findings, and point to their limitations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Barry ES, McKenna JJ. Reasons mothers bedshare: A review of its effects on infant behavior and development. Infant Behav Dev 2021; 66:101684. [PMID: 34929477 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2021.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bedsharing is controversial for nighttime caregiving in the U.S. today, as in most of the West. However, from the standpoint of evolutionary pediatrics, anthropology, and cultural psychology, bedsharing is not controversial at all, representing the context for human infant evolution and conferring a host of physiological benefits to the infant as well as the mother. In an effort to understand the rise in Western bedsharing in recent decades (and following Ball, 2002; McKenna & Volpe, 2007), Salm Ward (2015) systematically reviewed the literature on mother-infant bedsharing and identified ten reasons why mothers choose to bedshare: (1) breastfeeding, (2) comforting for mother or infant, (3) better/more sleep for infant or parent, (4) monitoring, (5) bonding/ attachment, (6) environmental reasons, (7) crying, (8) cultural or familial traditions, (9) disagree with danger, and (10) maternal instinct. The current paper offers the "review behind the review," highlighting the scientific evidence behind the reasons mothers give for their decision to bedshare, focusing on how mothers' decisions about infant sleep location influence infant behavior and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S Barry
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, Fayette, The Eberly Campus, USA.
| | - James J McKenna
- Mother-Baby Sleep Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA; Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nixon E, Carlson AR, Routh PA, Hernandez L, Almond GW, Baynes RE, Messenger KM. Comparative effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at castration and tail-docking in neonatal piglets. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254409. [PMID: 34847143 PMCID: PMC8631668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of meloxicam, flunixin, and ketoprofen in piglets undergoing routine castration and tail-docking. Six-day-old male piglets (8/group) received one of five randomized treatments: intramuscular saline (SAL PROC), meloxicam (MEL; 0.4 mg/kg), flunixin (FLU; 2.2 mg/kg), ketoprofen (KETO; 3.0 mg/kg) or sham (SAL SHAM; saline injection, no processing). Two hours post-dose, piglets were castrated and tail-docked. Plasma cortisol, interstitial fluid (ISF) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and activity levels via Actical® monitoring were used to estimate pain. SAL SHAM and FLU exhibited lower cortisol concentrations than SAL PROC at the time of processing (p = 0.003 and p = 0.049, respectively), and all NSAIDs exhibited lower PGE2 than SAL PROC at 3.69 hours (MEL p = 0.050; FLU p = 0.043 and KETO p = 0.031). While not statistically significant, PGE2 was higher in SAL PROC piglets vs. other treatment groups at most time points. There was also a high degree of variability between piglets, especially for SAL PROC. Activity levels were significantly decreased at multiple time points in SAL PROC and MEL piglets following processing. However, FLU and KETO piglets had increased activity levels closer to that of the SAL SHAM group, suggesting that these NSAIDs are more effective than MEL in providing analgesia. These results demonstrate that management strategies including administration of intramuscular flunixin or ketoprofen to reduce pain associated with processing will likely improve piglet health and welfare in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Nixon
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Alexandra R. Carlson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Patricia A. Routh
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Liliana Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Glen W. Almond
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Kristen M. Messenger
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The human sleep pattern is paradoxical. Sleep is vital for optimal physical and cognitive performance, yet humans sleep the least of all primates. In addition, consolidated and continuous monophasic sleep is evidently advantageous, yet emerging comparative data sets from small-scale societies show that the phasing of the human pattern of sleep–wake activity is highly variable and characterized by significant nighttime activity. To reconcile these phenomena, the social sleep hypothesis proposes that extant traits of human sleep emerged because of social and technological niche construction. Specifically, sleep sites function as a type of social shelter by way of an extended structure of social groups that increases fitness. Short, high-quality, and flexibly timed sleep likely originated as a response to predation risks while sleeping terrestrially. This practice may have been a necessary preadaptation for migration out of Africa and for survival in ecological niches that penetrate latitudes with the greatest seasonal variation in light and temperature on the planet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kilius E, Samson DR, Lew-Levy S, Sarma MS, Patel UA, Ouamba YR, Miegakanda V, Gettler LT, Boyette AH. Gender differences in BaYaka forager sleep-wake patterns in forest and village contexts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13658. [PMID: 34211008 PMCID: PMC8249621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep studies in small-scale subsistence societies have broadened our understanding of cross-cultural sleep patterns, revealing the flexibility of human sleep. We examined sleep biology among BaYaka foragers from the Republic of Congo who move between environmentally similar but socio-ecologically distinct locations to access seasonal resources. We analyzed the sleep-wake patterns of 51 individuals as they resided in a village location (n = 39) and a forest camp (n = 23) (362 nights total). Overall, BaYaka exhibited high sleep fragmentation (50.5) and short total sleep time (5.94 h), suggestive of segmented sleep patterns. Sleep duration did not differ between locations, although poorer sleep quality was exhibited in the village. Linear mixed effect models demonstrated that women's sleep differed significantly from men's in the forest, with longer total sleep time (β ± SE = - 0.22 ± 0.09, confidence interval (CI) = [- 0.4, - 0.03]), and higher sleep quality (efficiency; β ± SE = - 0.24 ± 0.09, CI = [- 0.42, - 0.05]). These findings may be due to gender-specific social and economic activities. Circadian rhythms were consistent between locations, with women exhibiting stronger circadian stability. We highlight the importance of considering intra-cultural variation in sleep-wake patterns when taking sleep research into the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Kilius
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Canada.
| | - David R Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Canada.
| | - Sheina Lew-Levy
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A1S6, Canada.,Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, 8270, Højbjerg, Denmark
| | - Mallika S Sarma
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21287, USA
| | - Ujas A Patel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Canada
| | - Yann R Ouamba
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et de Foresterie, Université Marien N'Gouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Valchy Miegakanda
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556, USA
| | - Adam H Boyette
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carrillo-Díaz M, Ortega-Martínez AR, Ruiz-Guillén A, Romero-Maroto M, González-Olmo MJ. The impact of co-sleeping less than 6 months on children's anxiety, oral habits, and malocclusion in a Spanish sample between 2 and 5 years old: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Orthod 2021; 44:110-115. [PMID: 34089051 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Families often use co-sleeping to mitigate potential physiological and emotional effects on infants. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the early termination of co-sleeping is associated with high levels of anxiety, non-nutritive sucking habits for self-comfort, and increased malocclusion. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on the parents of 215 children [aged 2-5 years (3.94 ± 0.89)], who were divided according to the duration of co-sleeping (≤6 months or >6 months). The parents completed a questionnaire about co-sleeping, sucking, breastfeeding habits, and anxiety. Finally, a clinical examination was carried out to diagnose malocclusion according to the World Health Organization (WHO) index, and the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-AC) was recorded. RESULTS Children that co-slept for 6 months or less had an increased incidence of pacifier use (P < 0.05), finger sucking (P < 0.01), and atypical swallowing (P < 0.05). Lower anxiety levels were found in the group with a longer duration of co-sleeping (P < 0.01). In the assessment of malocclusions, the group that co-slept for ≤6 months had higher IOTN scores (P < 0.01) and WHO indices (P < 0.05); in addition, there were differences in anterior open bite (P < 0.05), posterior crossbite (P < 0.01), skeletal Class II (P < 0.01), canine Class II (P < 0.05), and overjet (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A co-sleeping duration of >6 months appears to be a protective factor associated with less anxiety, fewer negative sucking habits, and a decreased incidence of malocclusions in co-sleeping children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Carrillo-Díaz
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Ruiz-Guillén
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martín Romero-Maroto
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.,Orthodontic Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José González-Olmo
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.,Orthodontic Department, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Carrillo-Díaz M, Ortega-Martínez AR, Ruiz-Guillén A, Romero-Maroto M, González-Olmo MJ. Impact of Breastfeeding and Cosleeping on Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1561. [PMID: 33917683 PMCID: PMC8067957 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The type and duration of breastfeeding can be key factors in the development of early childhood caries (ECC). The association between nighttime feeding and ECC was investigated. Specifically, whether cosleeping is a potential mediator of children's oral health was investigated, considering many of the etiological factors of caries. In this cross-sectional study, 212 children (aged 2-4 years) from Madrid (Spain) who breastfed at night were examined to assess the mean decayed/filled primary teeth (dft) index, and a questionnaire was administered to the mothers to collect data on the practice of breastfeeding and cosleeping and its duration, the number of nighttime feeding sessions, sugar content in the diet, dental hygiene habits, and age at first dental visit. The dft index was lower in the group that breastfed for less than 18 months (p = 0.02). In addition, there were significant differences in the dft index in the group breastfeeding for more than 18 months between those who coslept for 18 months or more and those who coslept for less than 18 months (p < 0.05), as well as between those who coslept for 18 months or more and those who did not cosleep (p < 0.01). In conclusion, breastfeeding at night from 18 months onwards is considered a risk factor for ECC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Carrillo-Díaz
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ruiz-Guillén
- Department of Nursing and Dentistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain;
| | - Martín Romero-Maroto
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (M.J.G.-O.)
| | - María José González-Olmo
- Department of Orthodontics, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (M.J.G.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rossiter SK, Aziz S, Wilson AN, Comrie-Thomson L, Stacey T, Homer CSE, Vogel JP. Women's sleep position during pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Reprod Health 2021; 18:53. [PMID: 33648551 PMCID: PMC7923448 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 2.6 million babies are stillborn each year globally, of which 98% occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A 2019 individual participant data meta-analysis of 6 studies from high-income countries found that maternal supine going-to-sleep position increased the risk of stillbirth. It is not clear whether this impact would be the same in LMICs, and the normal sleep behaviour of pregnant women in LMICs is not well understood. Objective Determine the prevalence of different sleeping positions among pregnant women in LMICs, and what (if any) positions were associated with stillbirth using a systematic review. Search strategy We systematically searched the databases Medline, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL and Global Index Medicus for relevant studies, with no date or language restrictions on 4 April 2020. Reference lists of included studies were also screened. Selection criteria Observational studies of maternal sleep position during pregnancy in LMICs Data collection and analysis Recovered citations were screened and eligible studies were included for extraction. These steps were performed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Main results A total of 3480 citations were screened but only two studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in Ghana and India and reported on different maternal sleep positions: supine and left lateral. In Ghana, a prevalence of 9.7% for supine sleeping position amongst 220 women was found. The primary outcome could not be extracted from the Indian study as sleep position information was only reported for women who had a stillbirth (100 of the 300 participants). Conclusion There is limited information on maternal sleeping position in LMICs. Since sleep position may be a modifiable risk factor for stillbirth, there is a need for further research to understand the sleep practices and behaviours of pregnant women in LMICs. PROSPERO registration: CRD42020173314
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shania K Rossiter
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Samia Aziz
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Alyce N Wilson
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Liz Comrie-Thomson
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Tomasina Stacey
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Caroline S E Homer
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - Joshua P Vogel
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Samson DR. Taking the sleep lab to the field: Biometric techniques for quantifying sleep and circadian rhythms in humans. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23541. [PMID: 33252177 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Remarkably, the specifics of sleep along the human lineage have been slow to emerge, which is surprising given our distinct mental and behavioral capacity and the importance of sleep for individual health and cognitive performance. Largely due to difficultly of measuring sleep outside a controlled, clinical, and laboratory study in ambulatory individuals, human biologists have yet to undergo a thorough examination of sleep in ecologically diverse settings. Here, I outline the procedures and methods for generating sleep data in a broader ecological context with the goal of facilitating the integration of sleep and circadian analyses into human biology research. METHODS I describe the steps involved in participant recruitment, screening by way of survey instruments, and sample collection. In addition to describing field use of the traditional (but invasive) equipment such as the gold-standard application of electroencephalography (EEG), I demonstrate leading-edge noninvasive techniques for biometric devices (ie, wrist-worn actigraphy, ring worn arterial pulsometry) to generate sleep and circadian rhythms data. RESULTS I outline best approaches to process and analyze data-including variables such as sleep duration, 24-hour sleep time (ie, summation of night and day sleep), sleep efficiency, sleep fragmentation, and nonparametric circadian rhythms analysis to quantify circadian amplitude. Finally, I discuss comparative statistical methods that are optimized for the use of time-series data. CONCLUSIONS This review serves as an introduction to the best practices for studying sleep-wake patterns in humans-with the goal of standardizing tools for launching new human sleep biology research initiatives across the globe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sleep timing and duration in indigenous villages with and without electric lighting on Tanna Island, Vanuatu. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17278. [PMID: 31754265 PMCID: PMC6872597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that sleep in the industrialized world is in chronic deficit, due in part to evening light exposure, which delays sleep onset and truncates sleep depending on morning work or school schedules. If so, societies without electricity may sleep longer. However, recent studies of hunter-gatherers and pastoralists living traditional lifestyles without electricity report short sleep compared to industrialized population norms. To further explore the impact of lifestyles and electrification on sleep, we measured sleep by actigraphy in indigenous Melanesians on Tanna Island, Vanuatu, who live traditional subsistence horticultural lifestyles, in villages either with or without access to electricity. Sleep duration was long and efficiency low in both groups, compared to averages from actigraphy studies of industrialized populations. In villages with electricity, light exposure after sunset was increased, sleep onset was delayed, and nocturnal sleep duration was reduced. These effects were driven primarily by breastfeeding mothers living with electric lighting. Relatively long sleep on Tanna may reflect advantages of an environment in which food access is reliable, climate benign, and predators and significant social conflict absent. Despite exposure to outdoor light throughout the day, an effect of artificial evening light was nonetheless detectable on sleep timing and duration.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ball HL, Tomori C, McKenna JJ. Toward an Integrated Anthropology of Infant Sleep. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Ball
- Director, Parent–Infant Sleep LabDepartment of Anthropology, Durham University Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Cecilia Tomori
- Assistant Professor, Parent–Infant Sleep LabDepartment of Anthropology, Durham University Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - James J. McKenna
- Director, Mother–Baby Sleep Lab, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend Indiana USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yetish G, Samson D. Sleep research in non-Western populations reveals novel insights about the breadth and diversity of human sleep patterns. Sleep Health 2018; 4:495-496. [PMID: 30442315 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Yetish
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - David Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|