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Emilius L, Bremm F, Binder AK, Schaft N, Dörrie J. Tumor Antigens beyond the Human Exome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4673. [PMID: 38731892 PMCID: PMC11083240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With the advent of immunotherapeutics, a new era in the combat against cancer has begun. Particularly promising are neo-epitope-targeted therapies as the expression of neo-antigens is tumor-specific. In turn, this allows the selective targeting and killing of cancer cells whilst healthy cells remain largely unaffected. So far, many advances have been made in the development of treatment options which are tailored to the individual neo-epitope repertoire. The next big step is the achievement of efficacious "off-the-shelf" immunotherapies. For this, shared neo-epitopes propose an optimal target. Given the tremendous potential, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms which lead to the formation of neo-antigens is of fundamental importance. Here, we review the various processes which result in the formation of neo-epitopes. Broadly, the origin of neo-epitopes can be categorized into three groups: canonical, noncanonical, and viral neo-epitopes. For the canonical neo-antigens that arise in direct consequence of somatic mutations, we summarize past and recent findings. Beyond that, our main focus is put on the discussion of noncanonical and viral neo-epitopes as we believe that targeting those provides an encouraging perspective to shape the future of cancer immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisabeth Emilius
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franziska Bremm
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amanda Katharina Binder
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.); (F.B.); (A.K.B.); (J.D.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Hu Z, Wu Z, Liu W, Ning Y, Liu J, Ding W, Fan J, Cai S, Li Q, Li W, Yang X, Dou Y, Wang W, Peng W, Lu F, Zhuang X, Qin T, Kang X, Feng C, Xu Z, Lv Q, Wang Q, Wang C, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Jiang J, Wang B, Mills GB, Ma D, Gao Q, Li K, Chen G, Chen X, Sun C. Proteogenomic insights into early-onset endometrioid endometrial carcinoma: predictors for fertility-sparing therapy response. Nat Genet 2024; 56:637-651. [PMID: 38565644 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma remains a public health concern with a growing incidence, particularly in younger women. Preserving fertility is a crucial consideration in the management of early-onset endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEEC), particularly in patients under 40 who maintain both reproductive desire and capacity. To illuminate the molecular characteristics of EEEC, we undertook a large-scale multi-omics study of 215 patients with endometrial carcinoma, including 81 with EEEC. We reveal an unexpected association between exposome-related mutational signature and EEEC, characterized by specific CTNNB1 and SIGLEC10 hotspot mutations and disruption of downstream pathways. Interestingly, SIGLEC10Q144K mutation in EEECs resulted in aberrant SIGLEC-10 protein expression and promoted progestin resistance by interacting with estrogen receptor alpha. We also identified potential protein biomarkers for progestin response in fertility-sparing treatment for EEEC. Collectively, our study establishes a proteogenomic resource of EEECs, uncovering the interactions between exposome and genomic susceptibilities that contribute to the development of primary prevention and early detection strategies for EEECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zimeng Wu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ning
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Fan
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Cai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qinlan Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yingyu Dou
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenju Peng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Funian Lu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xucui Zhuang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Kang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chenzhao Feng
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoying Lv
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital; Peking University People's Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianliu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital; Peking University People's Hospital, Xicheng District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | | | - Ding Ma
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Kezhen Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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3
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Hu C, Huang C, Hsu M, Chien H, Wu P, Chen Y, Jeng Y, Tang S, Chung M, Shen C, Chang M, Chang Y, Tien Y, Lee W. Oncogenic KRAS, Mucin 4, and Activin A-Mediated Fibroblast Activation Cooperate for PanIN Initiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301240. [PMID: 37964407 PMCID: PMC10754145 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Over 90% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have oncogenic KRAS mutations. Nevertheless, mutated KRAS alone is insufficient to initiate pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), the precursor of PDAC. The identities of the other factors/events required to drive PanIN formation remain elusive. Here, optic-clear 3D histology is used to analyze entire pancreases of 2-week-old Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+ (KC) mice to detect the earliest emergence of PanIN and observed that the occurrence is independent of physical location. Instead, it is found that the earliest PanINs overexpress Muc4 and associate with αSMA+ fibroblasts in both transgenic mice and human specimens. Mechanistically, KrasG12D/+ pancreatic cells upregulate Muc4 through genetic alterations to increase proliferation and fibroblast recruitments via Activin A secretion and consequently enhance cell transformation for PanIN formation. Inhibition of Activin A signaling using Follistatin (FST) diminishes early PanIN-associated fibroblast recruitment, effectively curtailing PanIN initiation and growth in KC mice. These findings emphasize the vital role of interactions between oncogenic KrasG12D/+ -driven genetic alterations and induced microenvironmental changes in PanIN initiation, suggesting potential avenues for early PDAC diagnostic and management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Mei Hu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Chang Huang
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Min‐Fen Hsu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Hung‐Jen Chien
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Jung Wu
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Ing Chen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Yung‐Ming Jeng
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei10041Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10041Taiwan
| | - Shiue‐Cheng Tang
- Department of Medical ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Mei‐Hsin Chung
- Department of PathologyNational Taiwan University Hospital−Hsinchu BranchHsinchu30331Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Ning Shen
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chu Chang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei10041Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Ting Chang
- Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei10041Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Wen Tien
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei10041Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Hwa Lee
- Genomics Research CenterAcademia SinicaTaipei11529Taiwan
- Drug Development CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCA92697USA
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Han Y, Chen G, Liu S, Zhou G, Xu X, Zhang H, Li Z, Wu C, Liu Y, Fang K, Chen G. MUC13 promotes the development of esophageal cancer by upregulating the expression of O-glycan process-related molecules. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:123. [PMID: 37395858 PMCID: PMC10317945 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, which is characterized by poor prognosis, aggressiveness, and poor survival. Mucin 13 (MUC13) is a member of the membrane-bound mucin and located on chromosome 3q21.2 and consists of α and β subunits. It has been found that MUC13 is overexpressed in a variety of tumor cells and acts a vital role in the invasiveness and malignant progression of several types of tumors. However, the role and regulatory mechanism of MUC13 in the progression of esophageal cancer remain unclear. METHODS The expression level of MUC13 was detected in 15 esophageal cancer tissues and 15 pairs of adjacent nontumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, the expression of MUC13 mRNA level in human esophageal cancer cell lines (EC9706 and ECA109 and TE-1) was measured by qRT-PCR. In vitro, after silencing MUC13 with lentiviral interference technology, CCK8 assay, clone formation assay, and flow cytometry were applied to investigate the proliferation activity, clone formation ability and anti-apoptosis ability of EC9706 and ECA109 cells. The tumor xenograft growth assay was used to confirm the influence of MUC13 knockdown on the growth of esophageal tumors in vivo. The qRT-PCR assay and western blot experiments were taken to study the mechanism of MUC13 regulating the proproliferation and antiapoptotic of esophageal cancer. RESULTS The results showed that MUC13 was overexpressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines (EC9706 and ECA109 and TE-1), especially in EC9706 and ECA109 cells, but low expressed in human esophageal epithelial cell line (HEEC). Next, silencing MUC13 inhibits proliferation, blocks cell cycle progression, and promotes cell apoptosis in vitro, and restrains the growth of esophageal cancer tissues in vivo. Finally, MUC13 affects the proproliferation and antiapoptotic by regulating the expression of GLANT14, MUC3A, MUC1, MUC12, and MUC4 that closely related to O-glycan process. CONCLUSIONS This study proved that MUC13 is an important molecule that regulates the O-glycan process and then affects the progress of esophageal cancer. MUC13 may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | | | - Xinxin Xu
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Chuannan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Kai Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, China
| | - Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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5
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Pu Y, Ke H, Wu C, Xu S, Xiao Y, Han L, Lyv G, Li S. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles target BxPC-3 cells and silence MUC4 for theranostics of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130383. [PMID: 37236323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Mucin 4 (MUC4) acts as pancreatic cancer (PC) tumor antigen and influences PC progression. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are used as a gene-silencing tool to treat a variety of diseases. METHODS We designed a therapeutic probe based on polyetherimide-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PEI-SPION) combined with siRNA nanoprobes (PEI-SPION-siRNA) to assess the contrast in MRI. The biocompatibility of the nanocomposite, and silencing of MUC4 were characterized and evaluated. RESULTS The prepared molecular probe had a particle size of 61.7 ± 18.5 nmand a surface of 46.7 ± 0.8mVand showed good biocompatibility in vitro and T2 relaxation efficiency. It can also load and protect siRNA. PEI-SPION-siRNA showed a good silencing effect on MUC4. CONCLUSION PEI-SPION-siRNA may be beneficial as a novel theranostic tool for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China; Department of Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. No. 234, Fujiang Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong City 637000, People's Republic of China; Department of Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, No. 2 Anji Road, Luojiang District, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Helin Ke
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqiang Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College. No. 55, Dongshun Road, Gaoping District, Nanchong City 637100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodan Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Han
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guorong Lyv
- Department of Medical Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, North Sichuan Medical College. No. 55, Dongshun Road, Gaoping District, Nanchong City 637100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shilin Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, People's Republic of China.
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Xu K, Gao J, Feng L, Fang Y, Tang X. A case report of pulmonary hepatoid adenocarcinoma: promoting standardized diagnosis and treatment of the rare disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203876. [PMID: 37292208 PMCID: PMC10244673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hepatoid adenocarcinoma using a clinical case and literature report. Methods We analyzed the clinical presentation, histological pattern and immunohistochemistry of a case of primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung in April 2022. We also reviewed literature on hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the lung from PubMed database. Results The patient was a 65-year-old male with smoking history, who was admitted to hospital with an enlarged axillary lymph node. The mass was round, hard, and grayish-white and grayish-yellow in color. Microscopically, it presented hepatocellular carcinoma-like and adenocarcinoma differentiation features, with abundant blood sinuses visible in the interstitium. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positive for hepatocyte markers, including AFP, TTF-1, CK7 and villin, and negative for CK5/6, CD56, GATA3, CEA and vimentin. Conclusion Pulmonary hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a rare epithelial malignancy of primary origin in the lung with poor prognosis. Establishing the diagnosis relies mainly on the detection of hepatocellular structural morphology resembling hepatocellular carcinoma, and on clinicopathological and immunohistochemical testing to exclude diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Combination treatment, mainly surgery, can prolong the survival of early-stage cases of the disease, whereas radiotherapy is mostly used for intermediate and advanced cases. Individualized treatment with molecular-targeted drugs and immunotherapy has shown different therapeutic effects for different patients. Further research is needed to better understand this rare clinical condition for the development and optimization of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuliang Tang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Baiziting, Nanjing, China
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7
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Bruni S, Mercogliano MF, Mauro FL, Cordo Russo RI, Schillaci R. Cancer immune exclusion: breaking the barricade for a successful immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135456. [PMID: 37284199 PMCID: PMC10239871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the course of cancer treatment. The initial steps were made through tumor-specific antibodies that guided the setup of an antitumor immune response. A new and successful generation of antibodies are designed to target immune checkpoint molecules aimed to reinvigorate the antitumor immune response. The cellular counterpart is the adoptive cell therapy, where specific immune cells are expanded or engineered to target cancer cells. In all cases, the key for achieving positive clinical resolutions rests upon the access of immune cells to the tumor. In this review, we focus on how the tumor microenvironment architecture, including stromal cells, immunosuppressive cells and extracellular matrix, protects tumor cells from an immune attack leading to immunotherapy resistance, and on the available strategies to tackle immune evasion.
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8
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Laure A, Rigutto A, Kirschner MB, Opitz L, Grob L, Opitz I, Felley-Bosco E, Hiltbrunner S, Curioni-Fontecedro A. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) Samples Reveal Crucial Insights for Preclinical Testing. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2813. [PMID: 37345150 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are extensively used to study cancer biology. However, the use of highly passaged commercial cell lines has to be questioned, as they do not closely resemble the originating tumor. To understand the reliability of preclinical models for Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) studies, we have performed whole transcriptome and whole exome analyses of fresh frozen MPM tumors and compared them to cell lines generated from these tumors, as well as commercial cell lines and a preclinical MPM mouse model. Patient-derived cell lines were generated from digested fresh tumors and whole exome sequencing was performed on DNA isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples, corresponding patient-derived cell lines, and normal tissue. RNA sequencing libraries were prepared from 10 fresh frozen tumor samples, the 10 corresponding patient-derived cell lines, and 7 commercial cell lines. Our results identified alterations in tumor suppressor genes such as FBXW7, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and MTAP, all known to drive MPM tumorigenesis. Patient-derived cell lines correlate to a high degree with their originating tumor. Gene expressions involved in multiple pathways such as EMT, apoptosis, myogenesis, and angiogenesis are upregulated in tumor samples when compared to patient-derived cell lines; however, they are downregulated in commercial cell lines compared to patient-derived cell lines, indicating significant differences between the two model systems. Our results show that the genome and transcriptome of tumors correlate to a higher degree with patient-derived cell lines rather than commercial cell lines. These results are of major relevance for the scientific community in regard to using cell lines as an appropriate model, resembling the pathway of interest to avoid misleading results for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laure
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelica Rigutto
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela B Kirschner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Linda Grob
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Felley-Bosco
- Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Hiltbrunner
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, HFR Fribourg-Hôpital Cantonal, CH-1708 Fribourg, Switzerland
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9
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Woldmar N, Schwendenwein A, Kuras M, Szeitz B, Boettiger K, Tisza A, László V, Reiniger L, Bagó AG, Szállási Z, Moldvay J, Szász AM, Malm J, Horvatovich P, Pizzatti L, Domont GB, Rényi-Vámos F, Hoetzenecker K, Hoda MA, Marko-Varga G, Schelch K, Megyesfalvi Z, Rezeli M, Döme B. Proteomic analysis of brain metastatic lung adenocarcinoma reveals intertumoral heterogeneity and specific alterations associated with the timing of brain metastases. ESMO Open 2023; 8:100741. [PMID: 36527824 PMCID: PMC10024110 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases are associated with considerable negative effects on patients' outcome in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC). Here, we investigated the proteomic landscape of primary LADCs and their corresponding brain metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteomic profiling was conducted on 20 surgically resected primary and brain metastatic LADC samples via label-free shotgun proteomics. After sample processing, peptides were analyzed using an Ultimate 3000 pump coupled to a QExactive HF-X mass spectrometer. Raw data were searched using PD 2.4. Further data analyses were carried out using Perseus, RStudio and GraphPad Prism. Proteomic data were correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters and the timing of brain metastases. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD027259. RESULTS Out of the 6821 proteins identified and quantified, 1496 proteins were differentially expressed between primary LADCs and corresponding brain metastases. Pathways associated with the immune system, cell-cell/matrix interactions and migration were predominantly activated in the primary tumors, whereas pathways related to metabolism, translation or vesicle formation were overrepresented in the metastatic tumors. When comparing fast- versus slow-progressing patients, we found 454 and 298 differentially expressed proteins in the primary tumors and brain metastases, respectively. Metabolic reprogramming and ribosomal activity were prominently up-regulated in the fast-progressing patients (versus slow-progressing individuals), whereas expression of cell-cell interaction- and immune system-related pathways was reduced in these patients and in those with multiple brain metastases. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive proteomic analysis of paired primary tumors and brain metastases of LADC patients. Our data suggest a malfunction of cellular attachment and an increase in ribosomal activity in LADC tissue, promoting brain metastasis. The current study provides insights into the biology of LADC brain metastases and, moreover, might contribute to the development of personalized follow-up strategies in LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Woldmar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Proteomics of Blood/LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Schwendenwein
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kuras
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Szeitz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Boettiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tisza
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V László
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Reiniger
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A G Bagó
- Department of Neurooncology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Szállási
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Moldvay
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, MTA-SE NAP, Brain Metastasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A M Szász
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Malm
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - P Horvatovich
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L Pizzatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Proteomics of Blood/LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G B Domont
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Rényi-Vámos
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M A Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Marko-Varga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Schelch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Z Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Rezeli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - B Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden; National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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10
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Bernitsa S, Dayan R, Stephanou A, Tzvetanova ID, Patrikios IS. Natural biomolecules and derivatives as anticancer immunomodulatory agents. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1070367. [PMID: 36700235 PMCID: PMC9868674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in chemotherapy, the issue of resistance and non-responsiveness to many chemotherapeutic drugs that are currently in clinical use still remains. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has gathered attention as a novel treatment against select cancers. Immunomodulation is also emerging as an effective strategy to improve efficacy. Natural phytochemicals, with known anticancer properties, been reported to mediate their effects by modulating both traditional cancer pathways and immunity. The mechanism of phytochemical mediated-immunomodulatory activity may be attributed to the remodeling of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and the sensitization of the immune system. This allows for improved recognition and targeting of cancer cells by the immune system and synergy with chemotherapeutics. In this review, we will discuss several well-known plant-derived biomolecules and examine their potential as immunomodulators, and therefore, as novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rotem Dayan
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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11
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Pollini T, Adsay V, Capurso G, Molin MD, Esposito I, Hruban R, Luchini C, Maggino L, Matthaei H, Marchegiani G, Scarpa A, Wood LD, Bassi C, Salvia R, Mino-Kenudson M, Maker AV. The tumour immune microenvironment and microbiome of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:1141-1150. [PMID: 36057265 PMCID: PMC9844533 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have gained substantial attention because they represent one of the only radiographically identifiable precursors of invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Although most of these neoplasms have low-grade dysplasia and will remain indolent, a subset of IPMNs will progress to invasive cancer. The role of the immune system in the progression of IPMNs is unclear, but understanding its role could reveal the mechanism of neoplastic progression and targets for immunotherapy to inhibit progression or treat invasive disease. The available evidence supports a shift in the immune composition of IPMNs during neoplastic progression. Although low-grade lesions contain a high proportion of effector T cells, high-grade IPMNs, and IPMNs with an associated invasive carcinoma lose the T-cell infiltrate and are characterised by a predominance of immunosuppressive elements. Several possible therapeutic strategies emerge from this analysis that are unique to IPMNs and its microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Pollini
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, Section of Pathology University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Volcan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Koç University Hospital and Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gabriele Capurso
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Endoscopy and Endosonography, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Dal Molin
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irene Esposito
- Department of Pathology, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralph Hruban
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Maggino
- Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, Section of Pathology University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Hanno Matthaei
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Giovanni Marchegiani
- Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, Section of Pathology University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Claudio Bassi
- Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, Section of Pathology University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Salvia
- Department of General and Pancreatic Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, Section of Pathology University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ajay V Maker
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Liu Z, Su R, Ahsan A, Liu C, Liao X, Tian D, Su M. Esophageal Squamous Cancer from 4NQO-Induced Mice Model: CNV Alterations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214304. [PMID: 36430789 PMCID: PMC9698903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous esophageal carcinoma is a common pathological type of esophageal carcinoma around the world. The prognosis of esophageal carcinoma is usually poor and diagnosed at late stages. Recently, research suggested that genomic instability occurred in esophageal cells during the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Identifying prognostic and specific genomic characteristics, especially at the early hyperplasia stage, is critical. Mice were given 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) with drinking water to induce esophageal cancer. The immortalized human esophageal epithelial cell line (NE2) was also treated with 4NQO. We performed histologic analyses, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemical staining to detect DNA damage at different time points. Whole-exome sequencing was accomplished on the esophagus tissues at different pathological stages to detect single-nucleotide variants and copy number variation (CNV) in the genome. Our findings indicate that all mice were tumor-forming, and a series of changes from simple hyperplasia (ESSH) to intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was seen at different times. The expression of γ-H2AX increased from ESSH to ESCC. In addition, mutations of the Muc4 gene were detected throughout the pathological stages. Furthermore, CNV burden appeared in the esophageal tissues from the beginning of ESSH and accumulated more in cancer with the deepening of the lesions. This study demonstrates that mutations caused by the early appearance of DNA damage may appear in the early stage of malignant tissue before the emergence of atypia. The detection of CNV and mutations of the Muc4 gene may be used as an ultra-early screening indicator for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Su
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +86-0754-88900429
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13
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León-Letelier RA, Katayama H, Hanash S. Mining the Immunopeptidome for Antigenic Peptides in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14204968. [PMID: 36291752 PMCID: PMC9599891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14204968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The immunopeptidome of cancer cells is a treasure trove of neoantigens bound to MHC molecules, thus a great source for mining immunopeptides for immunotherapy applications, including cancer vaccines. Immunopeptides may encompass post-translational modifications that are overlooked by genomic and transcriptomic tools. We review post-translational modifications that have been uncovered, and how this information could be harnessed for cancer vaccines. Abstract Although harnessing the immune system for cancer therapy has shown success, response to immunotherapy has been limited. The immunopeptidome of cancer cells presents an opportunity to discover novel antigens for immunotherapy applications. These neoantigens bind to MHC class I and class II molecules. Remarkably, the immunopeptidome encompasses protein post-translation modifications (PTMs) that may not be evident from genome or transcriptome profiling. A case in point is citrullination, which has been demonstrated to induce a strong immune response. In this review, we cover how the immunopeptidome, with a special focus on PTMs, can be utilized to identify cancer-specific antigens for immunotherapeutic applications.
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14
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Feng Q, Sun B, Xue T, Li R, Lin C, Gao Y, Sun L, Zhuo Y, Wang D. Advances in CAR T-cell therapy in bile duct, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025608. [PMID: 36341440 PMCID: PMC9628995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile duct, pancreatic, and gastric cancers are deadly digestive system tumors with high malignancy and poor patient prognosis. The efficiencies of conventional surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are limited. In contrast, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy represents a landmark therapeutic approach to antitumor immunity with great efficacy in treating several hematological malignancies. CAR T-cell therapy involves genetically engineering the expression of specific antibodies based on the patient's T-cell surface and amplifying these antibodies to identify and target tumor-associated antigens. CAR T-cell therapy can effectively inhibit disease progression and improve the survival of patients with bile duct, pancreatic, and gastric cancers. The effectiveness of CAR T cells in tumor therapy can be validated using xenograft models, providing a scientific testing platform. In this study, we have reviewed the progress in CAR T-cell production and its development, focusing on the current status and optimization strategies for engineered CAR T cells in the bile duct, pancreatic, and gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China - Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, China - Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Xue
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China,School of Acupuncture-Moxi bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Lin
- School of grain science and technology, Jilin Business and Technology College, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Jilin University Mycology Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Yue Zhou, ; Dongxu Wang,
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Yue Zhou, ; Dongxu Wang,
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15
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Neoantigens and their clinical applications in human gastrointestinal cancers. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:321. [PMID: 36171610 PMCID: PMC9520945 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor-specific neoantigens are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy. As research findings have proved, neoantigen-specific T cell activity is immunotherapy’s most important determinant. Main text There is sufficient evidence showing the role of neoantigens in clinically successful immunotherapy, providing a justification for targeting. Because of the significance of the pre-existing anti-tumor immune response for the immune checkpoint inhibitor, it is believed that personalized neoantigen-based therapy may be an imperative approach for cancer therapy. Thus, intensive attention is given to strategies targeting neoantigens for the significant impact with other immunotherapies, such as the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Today, several algorithms are designed and optimized based on Next-Generation Sequencing and public databases, including dbPepNeo, TANTIGEN 2.0, Cancer Antigenic Peptide Database, NEPdb, and CEDAR databases for predicting neoantigens in silico that stimulates the development of T cell therapies, cancer vaccine, and other ongoing immunotherapy approaches. Conclusions In this review, we deliberated the current developments in understanding and recognition of the immunogenicity of newly found gastrointestinal neoantigens as well as their functions in immunotherapies and cancer detection. We also described how neoantigens are being developed and how they might be used in the treatment of GI malignancies.
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16
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Hao L, Chen Q, Chen X, Zhou Q. The Role of Gender-Related Immune Genes in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3235238. [PMID: 36193320 PMCID: PMC9525781 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of immune genes and immune cells is highly focused in recent years. To find immunological genes with prognostic value, the current study examines childhood acute myeloid leukemia according to gender. The TARGET database was used to gather the "mRNA expression profile data" and relevant clinical data of children with AML. To normalize processing and find differentially expressed genes (DEG) between male and female subgroups, the limma software package is utilized. We identified prognostic-related genes and built models using LASSO, multivariate Cox, and univariate Cox analysis. The prognostic significance of prognostic genes was then examined through the processing of survival analysis and risk score (RS) calculation. We investigated the connections between immune cells and prognostic genes as well as the connections between prognostic genes and medications. Finally, five immune genes from the TARGET database have been identified. These immune genes are considerably correlated to the prognosis of male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hao
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuyan Chen
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Baoan Shiyan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Central Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Chen L, Chen F, Niu H, Li J, Pu Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Huang R, Li K, Lei Y, Huang Y. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T Cell Immunotherapy Against Thoracic Malignancies: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871661. [PMID: 35911706 PMCID: PMC9334018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Different from surgery, chemical therapy, radio-therapy and target therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells, a novel adoptive immunotherapy strategy, have been used successfully against both hematological tumors and solid tumors. Although several problems have reduced engineered CAR-T cell therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials for the treatment of thoracic malignancies, including the lack of specific antigens, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, a low level of CAR-T cell infiltration into tumor tissues, off-target toxicity, and other safety issues, CAR-T cell treatment is still full of bright future. In this review, we outline the basic structure and characteristics of CAR-T cells among different period, summarize the common tumor-associated antigens in clinical trials of CAR-T cell therapy for thoracic malignancies, and point out the current challenges and new strategies, aiming to provide new ideas and approaches for preclinical experiments and clinical trials of CAR-T cell therapy for thoracic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Fukun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Huatao Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jindan Li
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yongzhu Pu
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Conghui Yang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yunchao Huang, ; Yujie Lei, ; Ke Li,
| | - Yujie Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yunchao Huang, ; Yujie Lei, ; Ke Li,
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yunchao Huang, ; Yujie Lei, ; Ke Li,
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18
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Zhou L, Zou M, Xu Y, Lin P, Lei C, Xia X. Nano Drug Delivery System for Tumor Immunotherapy: Next-Generation Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:864301. [PMID: 35664731 PMCID: PMC9160744 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.864301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy is an artificial stimulation of the immune system to enhance anti-cancer response. It has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer. The number of immunotherapy drug approvals has been increasing in recent years, and many treatments are in clinical and preclinical stages. Despite this progress, the special tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors made immunotherapy in the majority of cancer cases difficult. Therefore, understanding how to improve the intratumoral enrichment degree and the response rate of various immunotherapy drugs is key to improve efficacy and control adverse reactions. With the development of materials science and nanotechnology, advanced biomaterials such as nanoparticle and drug delivery systems like T-cell delivery therapy can improve effectiveness of immunotherapy while reducing the toxic side effects on non-target cells, which offers innovative ideas for improving immunity therapeutic effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of tumor cell immune escape and focus on current immunotherapy (such as cytokine immunotherapy, therapeutic monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, CAR-T therapy, tumor vaccine, oncolytic virus, and other new types of immunity) and its challenges as well as the latest nanotechnology (such as bionic nanoparticles, self-assembled nanoparticles, deformable nanoparticles, photothermal effect nanoparticles, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and other types) applications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Manshu Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yilin Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Lei
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhua Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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19
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Peng C, Jian X, Xie Y, Li L, Ouyang J, Tang L, Zhang X, Su J, Zhao S, Liu H, Yin M, Wu D, Wan M, Xie L, Chen X. Genomic alterations of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:997-1009. [PMID: 35441365 PMCID: PMC9325047 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare and marginal cutaneous sarcoma of intermediate‐grade malignancy, for which the genomic landscape remains unclear. Understanding the landscape of DFSP will help to further classify the genomic pathway of malignant development in soft tissue. Objectives To identify the comprehensive molecular pathogenesis of DFSP. Methods In this study, the comprehensive genomic features, with 53 tumour‐normal pairs of DFSP, were revealed by whole‐genome sequencing. Results The mutational signature 1 (C > T mutation at CpG dinucleotides) is featured in DFSP, resulting in higher mutations in DNA replication. Interestingly, the recurrence of DFSP is correlated with low tumour mutation burden. Novel mutation genes in DFSP were identified, including MUC4/6, KMT2C and BRCA1, and subsequently, three molecular subtypes of DFSP were classified on the basis of MUC4 and MUC6 mutations. Various structural aberrations including genomic rearrangements were identified in DSFPs, particularly in 17q and 22q, which cause oncogene amplification (AKT1, SPHK1, COL1A1, PDGFβ) or tumour suppressor deletion (CDKN2A/B). In addition to gene fusion of COL1A1‐PDGFβ [t(17;22)], we identified gene fusion of SLC2A5‐BTBD7 [t(1;14)] in DFSP through whole‐genome sequencing, and verified it experimentally. Enrichment analysis of altered molecules revealed that DNA repair, cell cycle, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and Janus kinase pathways were primarily involved in DFSP. Conclusions This is the first large‐scale whole‐genome sequencing for DFSP, and our findings describe the comprehensive genomic landscape, highlighting the molecular complexity and genomic aberrations of DFSP. Our findings also provide novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for this disease. What is already known about this topic?Chromosomal translocation between chromosome 17 and chromosome 22 is the main feature in the pathogenesis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).
What does this study add?We describe the comprehensive genomic landscape of DFSP, highlighting the molecular complexity and genomic aberrations. Our findings provide novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for this disease.
What is the translational message?Our study revealed novel molecular subtypes of DFSP based on genetic mutations, which benefits precision diagnosis. We also found oncogene amplification, including AKT1 and SPHK1, which provides novel potential target molecules for further DFSP treatment. In addition to gene fusion of COL1A1‐PDGFβ, we identified a novel gene fusion of SLC2A5‐BTBD7 in DFSP, which is a novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingxing Jian
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Institute for Genome and Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Institute for Genome and Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Institute for Genome and Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaojian Wan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Institute for Genome and Bioinformatics, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Dielectrophoresis-Based Biosensor for Detection of the Cancer Biomarkers CEA and CA 242 in Serum. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that dielectrophoresis (DEP) spectroscopy is an effective transduction mechanism for detection of the concentration levels of the pancreatic cancer biomarkers cancer antigen (CA) 242 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum. We noticed a frequency dependence of the negative DEP force applied by interdigitated electrodes on functionalized polystyrene microspheres (PM) with respect to changes in the number of these cancer antigens bound to the PM. An electrode array with a well-defined gradient of the electric field was designed and used, which enabled the automation of the signal processing and reproducibility of the signal acquired by the biosensor.
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21
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Liu L, Kshirsagar PG, Gautam SK, Gulati M, Wafa EI, Christiansen JC, White BM, Mallapragada SK, Wannemuehler MJ, Kumar S, Solheim JC, Batra SK, Salem AK, Narasimhan B, Jain M. Nanocarriers for pancreatic cancer imaging, treatments, and immunotherapies. Theranostics 2022; 12:1030-1060. [PMID: 35154473 PMCID: PMC8771545 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors are highly desmoplastic and immunosuppressive. Delivery and distribution of drugs within pancreatic tumors are compromised due to intrinsic physical and biochemical stresses that lead to increased interstitial fluid pressure, vascular compression, and hypoxia. Immunotherapy-based approaches, including therapeutic vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibition, CAR-T cell therapy, and adoptive T cell therapies, are challenged by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Together, extensive fibrosis and immunosuppression present major challenges to developing treatments for pancreatic cancer. In this context, nanoparticles have been extensively studied as delivery platforms and adjuvants for cancer and other disease therapies. Recent advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of multiple nanocarrier-based formulations that not only improve drug delivery but also enhance immunotherapy-based approaches for pancreatic cancer. This review discusses and critically analyzes the novel nanoscale strategies that have been used for drug delivery and immunomodulation to improve treatment efficacy, including newly emerging immunotherapy-based approaches. This review also presents important perspectives on future research directions that will guide the rational design of novel and robust nanoscale platforms to treat pancreatic tumors, particularly with respect to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These insights will inform the next generation of clinical treatments to help patients manage this debilitating disease and enhance survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Prakash G. Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Emad I. Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John C. Christiansen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Brianna M. White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Surya K. Mallapragada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Michael J. Wannemuehler
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Joyce C. Solheim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha NE
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22
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Kshirsagar PG, Gulati M, Junker WM, Aithal A, Spagnol G, Das S, Mallya K, Gautam SK, Kumar S, Sorgen P, Pandey KK, Batra SK, Jain M. Characterization of recombinant β subunit of human MUC4 mucin (rMUC4β). Sci Rep 2021; 11:23730. [PMID: 34887447 PMCID: PMC8660890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC4 is a transmembrane mucin expressed on various epithelial surfaces, including respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and helps in their lubrication and protection. MUC4 is also aberrantly overexpressed in various epithelial malignancies and functionally contributes to cancer development and progression. MUC4 is putatively cleaved at the GDPH site into a mucin-like α-subunit and a membrane-tethered growth factor-like β-subunit. Due to the presence of several functional domains, the characterization of MUC4β is critical for understanding MUC4 biology. We developed a method to produce and purify multi-milligram amounts of recombinant MUC4β (rMUC4β). Purified rMUC4β was characterized by Far-UV CD and I-TASSER-based protein structure prediction analyses, and its ability to interact with cellular proteins was determined by the affinity pull-down assay. Two of the three EGF-like domains exhibited typical β-fold, while the third EGF-like domain and vWD domain were predominantly random coils. We observed that rMUC4β physically interacts with Ezrin and EGFR family members. Overall, this study describes an efficient and simple strategy for the purification of biologically-active rMUC4β that can serve as a valuable reagent for a variety of biochemical and functional studies to elucidate MUC4 function and generating domain-specific antibodies and vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash G Kshirsagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Mansi Gulati
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Wade M Junker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.,Sanguine Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Gaelle Spagnol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Srustidhar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Paul Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Krishan K Pandey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Health Sciences Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,Sanguine Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA. .,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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23
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The Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer, Lung Cancer and Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312836. [PMID: 34884642 PMCID: PMC8657810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a novel anti-cancer method which employs a different mechanism to conventional treatment. It has become a significant strategy because it provides a better or an alternative option for cancer patients. Recently, immunotherapy has been increasingly approved for the treatment of cancer; however, it has various limitations; for instance, it is only suitable for specific patients, the response rate is still low in most cases, etc. Colorectal cancer, lung cancer and pancreatic cancer are known as three major death-causing cancers in most countries. In this review, we discuss immunotherapeutic treatment for these three cancers, and consider the option, prospects and limitations of immunotherapy. The development of immunotherapy should focus on the discovery of biomarkers to screen suitable patients, new targets on tumors, neoadjuvant immunotherapy and the combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapeutic methods. We can expect that immunotherapy potentially will develop as one of the best therapies for patients with advanced cancer or poor responses to traditional methods.
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24
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Stergiou N, Urschbach M, Gabba A, Schmitt E, Kunz H, Besenius P. The Development of Vaccines from Synthetic Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptides and their Glycosylation-Dependent Immune Response. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3313-3331. [PMID: 34812564 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens are overexpressed as altered-self in most common epithelial cancers. Their glycosylation patterns differ from those of healthy cells, functioning as an ID for cancer cells. Scientists have been developing anti-cancer vaccines based on mucin glycopeptides, yet the interplay of delivery system, adjuvant and tumor associated MUC epitopes in the induced immune response is not well understood. The current state of the art suggests that the identity, abundancy and location of the glycans on the MUC backbone are all key parameters in the cellular and humoral response. This review shares lessons learned by us in over two decades of research in glycopeptide vaccines. By bridging synthetic chemistry and immunology, we discuss efforts in designing synthetic MUC1/4/16 vaccines and focus on the role of glycosylation patterns. We provide a brief introduction into the mechanisms of the immune system and aim to promote the development of cancer subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Stergiou
- Radionuclide Center, Radiology and Nuclear medicine Amsterdam UMC, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085c, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Moritz Urschbach
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adele Gabba
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edgar Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Horst Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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25
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Ge P, Luo Y, Chen H, Liu J, Guo H, Xu C, Qu J, Zhang G, Chen H. Application of Mass Spectrometry in Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research. Front Oncol 2021; 11:667427. [PMID: 34707986 PMCID: PMC8544753 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.667427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive tract worldwide, with increased morbidity and mortality. In recent years, with the development of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, and the change of the medical thinking model, remarkable progress has been made in researching comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of PC. However, the present situation of diagnostic and treatment of PC is still unsatisfactory. There is an urgent need for academia to fully integrate the basic research and clinical data from PC to form a research model conducive to clinical translation and promote the proper treatment of PC. This paper summarized the translation progress of mass spectrometry (MS) in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and PC treatment to promote the basic research results of PC into clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yalan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haoya Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Caiming Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guixin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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26
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Sun H, Hu W, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Yao X, Teng L, Wang X, Chai D, Zheng J, Wang G. Using PAMPs and DAMPs as adjuvants in cancer vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5546-5557. [PMID: 34520322 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1964316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer has attracted considerable attention. As one of the immunotherapeutics, tumor vaccines exert great potential for cancer immunotherapy. The most important components in tumor vaccines are antigens and adjuvants, which determine the therapeutic safety and efficacy, respectively. After decades of research, many types of adjuvants have been developed. Although these adjuvants can induce strong and long-lasting immune responses in tumor immunity, they also cause more severe toxic side effects and are therefore not suitable for use in humans. With the development of innate immunity research, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are receiving more attention in vaccine design. However, whether they have the potential to become new adjuvants remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this review is to provide newideas for the research and development of new adjuvants by discussing the mechanisms and related functions of PAMPs and DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyou Sun
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Hu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Yan
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xuefan Yao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ling Teng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Center Of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital Of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center For The Collaboration And Innovation Of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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27
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Mashayekhi V, Mocellin O, Fens MH, Krijger GC, Brosens LA, Oliveira S. Targeting of promising transmembrane proteins for diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:9022-9037. [PMID: 34522225 PMCID: PMC8419040 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal types of cancer due to the relatively late diagnosis and the limited therapeutic options. Current treatment regimens mainly comprise the cytotoxic agents gemcitabine and FOLFIRINOX. These compounds have shown limited efficacy and severe side effects, highlighting the necessity for earlier detection and the development of more effective, and better-tolerated treatments. Although targeted therapies are promising for the treatment of several types of cancer, identification of suitable targets for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of PDAC is challenging. Interestingly, several transmembrane proteins are overexpressed in PDAC cells that show low expression in healthy pancreas and may therefore serve as potential targets for treatment and/or diagnostic purposes. In this review we describe the 11 most promising transmembrane proteins, carefully selected after a thorough literature search. Favorable features and potential applications of each target, as well as the results of the preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the past ten years, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mashayekhi
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Orsola Mocellin
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H.A.M. Fens
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard C. Krijger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk A.A. Brosens
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
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28
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Gao XP, Dong JJ, Xie T, Guan X. Integrative Analysis of MUC4 to Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Pan-Cancer: Friend or Foe? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695544. [PMID: 34336844 PMCID: PMC8322945 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MUC4, a transmembrane mucin, plays important roles in epithelial renewal and differentiation. Recent studies suggest that MUC4 has been implicated in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and is expressed in various normal and cancer tissues. The underlying features of MUC4 across various cancer types may allow us to ensure appropriate treatment and patient monitoring. However, the contributions of MUC4 to pan-cancer have not been well characterized. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and prognostic value of MUC4 across multiple databases. We further explored genomic and epigenetic alterations of MUC4, its association with proliferation and metastasis, and the correlation with immune infiltration in different cancers. Our results characterized the distinct expression profile and prognostic values of MUC4 in pan-cancer. Through examining its association with genomic alteration, tumor proliferation, and metastasis, as well as tumor infiltration, we revealed multiple function effects of MUC4. MUC4 may influence prognosis, proliferation, metastasis, and immune response in opposite directions. In conclusion, our findings suggested the necessity to more carefully evaluate MUC4 as a biomarker and therapeutic target and develop the new antibodies for cancer detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Jie-Jie Dong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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29
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Expression of Mucoproteins in Gallbladder Cancer. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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30
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Mallya K, Gautam SK, Aithal A, Batra SK, Jain M. Modeling pancreatic cancer in mice for experimental therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188554. [PMID: 33945847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that is characterized by early metastasis, low resectability, high recurrence, and therapy resistance. The experimental mouse models have played a central role in understanding the pathobiology of PDAC and in the preclinical evaluation of various therapeutic modalities. Different mouse models with targetable pathological hallmarks have been developed and employed to address the unique challenges associated with PDAC progression, metastasis, and stromal heterogeneity. Over the years, mouse models have evolved from simple cell line-based heterotopic and orthotopic xenografts in immunocompromised mice to more complex and realistic genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) involving multi-gene manipulations. The GEMMs, mostly driven by KRAS mutation(s), have been widely accepted for therapeutic optimization due to their high penetrance and ability to recapitulate the histological, molecular, and pathological hallmarks of human PDAC, including comparable precursor lesions, extensive metastasis, desmoplasia, perineural invasion, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Advanced GEMMs modified to express fluorescent proteins have allowed cell lineage tracing to provide novel insights and a new understanding about the origin and contribution of various cell types in PDAC pathobiology. The syngeneic mouse models, GEMMs, and target-specific transgenic mice have been extensively used to evaluate immunotherapies and study therapy-induced immune modulation in PDAC yielding meaningful results to guide various clinical trials. The emerging mouse models for parabiosis, hepatic metastasis, cachexia, and image-guided implantation, are increasingly appreciated for their high translational significance. In this article, we describe the contribution of various experimental mouse models to the current understanding of PDAC pathobiology and their utility in evaluating and optimizing therapeutic modalities for this lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Shailendra K Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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31
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Li J, Qin B, Huang M, Ma Y, Li D, Li W, Guo Z. Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs) for the Serological Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665106. [PMID: 33995397 PMCID: PMC8119874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of malignant bone tumor found in childhood and adolescence. Although its incidence rate is low among cancers, the prognosis of OS is usually poor. Although some biomarkers, such as p53, have been identified in OS, the association between the biomarkers and clinical outcome is not well understood. Thus, it is necessary to establish a method to identify patients diagnosed with OS at an early stage. It is becoming obvious that anti-tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) autoantibodies (TAAbs) in sera could be used as serological biomarkers in the detection of many different types of cancers. This notion indicates that TAAbs are considered as immunological “sentinels” associated with tumorigenesis underlying molecular events. It provides new insights into the molecular and cellular biology of the differential diagnosis of cancers. What’s more, it is reported that a customized TAA array could significantly increase the sensitivity/specificity. TAA arrays also have great application prospects in detecting cancer at an early stage, monitoring cancer progression, discovering new therapeutic targets, and designing personalized treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the TAAs identified in OS as well as the possibility that TAAs and TAAbs system be used as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitian Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Transitional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manyu Huang
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wuyin Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
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32
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Mucins reprogram stemness, metabolism and promote chemoresistance during cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:575-588. [PMID: 33813658 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-09959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins dysregulated in aggressive cancers. The role of mucins in disease progression, tumor proliferation, and chemotherapy resistance has been studied extensively. This article provides a comprehensive review of mucin's function as a physical barrier and the implication of mucin overexpression in impeded drug delivery to solid tumors. Mucins regulate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells via several canonical and non-canonical oncogenic signaling pathways. Furthermore, mucins play an extensive role in enriching and maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC) population, thereby sustaining the self-renewing and chemoresistant cellular pool in the bulk tumor. It has recently been demonstrated that mucins regulate the metabolic reprogramming during oncogenesis and cancer progression, which account for tumor cell survival, proliferation, and drug-resistance. This review article focuses on delineating mucin's role in oncogenic signaling and aberrant regulation of gene expressions, culminating in CSC maintenance, metabolic rewiring, and development of chemoresistance, tumor progression, and metastasis.
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33
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Brockhausen I, Melamed J. Mucins as anti-cancer targets: perspectives of the glycobiologist. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:459-474. [PMID: 33704667 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are highly O-glycosylated glycoproteins that carry a heterogenous variety of O-glycan structures. Tumor cells tend to overexpress specific mucins, such as the cell surface mucins MUC1 and MUC4 that are engaged in signaling and cell growth, and exhibit abnormal glycosylation. In particular, the Tn and T antigens and their sialylated forms are common in cancer mucins. We review herein methods chosen to use cancer-associated glycans and mucins as targets for the design of anti-cancer immunotherapies. Mucin peptides from the glycosylated and transmembrane domains have been combined with immune-stimulating adjuvants in a wide variety of approaches to produce anti-tumor antibodies and vaccines. These mucin conjugates have been tested on cancer cells in vitro and in mice with significant successes in stimulating anti-tumor responses. The clinical trials in humans, however, have shown limited success in extending survival. It seems critical that the individual-specific epitope expression of cancer mucins is considered in future therapies to result in lasting anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Brockhausen
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Jacob Melamed
- Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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34
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Lin B, Wang Q, Liu K, Dong X, Zhu M, Li M. Alpha-Fetoprotein Binding Mucin and Scavenger Receptors: An Available Bio-Target for Treating Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:625936. [PMID: 33718192 PMCID: PMC7947232 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.625936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) entrance into cancer cells is mediated by AFP receptors (AFPRs) and exerts malignant effects. Therefore, understanding the structure of AFPRs will facilitate the development of rational approaches for vaccine design, drug delivery, antagonizing immune suppression and diagnostic imaging to treat cancer effectively. Throughout the last three decades, the identification of universal receptors for AFP has failed due to their complex carbohydrate polymer structures. Here, we focused on the two types of binding proteins or receptors that may serve as AFPRs, namely, the A) mucin receptors family, and B) the scavenger family. We presented an informative review with detailed descriptions of the signal transduction, cross-talk, and interplay of various transcription factors which highlight the downstream events following AFP binding to mucin or scavenger receptors. We mainly explored the underlying mechanisms involved mucin or scavenger receptors that interact with AFP, provide more evidence to support these receptors as tumor AFPRs, and establish a theoretical basis for targeting therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Qiujiao Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Mingyue Zhu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Mengsen Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China.,Institution of Tumor, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
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35
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de Jonge H, Iamele L, Maggi M, Pessino G, Scotti C. Anti-Cancer Auto-Antibodies: Roles, Applications and Open Issues. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:813. [PMID: 33672007 PMCID: PMC7919283 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Auto-antibodies are classically associated with autoimmune diseases, where they are an integral part of diagnostic panels. However, recent evidence is accumulating on the presence of auto-antibodies against single or selected panels of auto-antigens in many types of cancer. Auto-antibodies might initially represent an epiphenomenon derived from the inflammatory environment induced by the tumor. However, their effect on tumor evolution can be crucial, as is discussed in this paper. It has been demonstrated that some of these auto-antibodies can be used for early detection and cancer staging, as well as for monitoring of cancer regression during treatment and follow up. Interestingly, certain auto-antibodies were found to promote cancer progression and metastasis, while others contribute to the body's defense against it. Moreover, auto-antibodies are of a polyclonal nature, which means that often several antibodies are involved in the response to a single tumor antigen. Dissection of these antibody specificities is now possible, allowing their identification at the genetic, structural, and epitope levels. In this review, we report the evidence available on the presence of auto-antibodies in the main cancer types and discuss some of the open issues that still need to be addressed by the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Scotti
- Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (H.d.J.); (L.I.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
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36
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Wang S, You L, Dai M, Zhao Y. Quantitative assessment of the diagnostic role of mucin family members in pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:192. [PMID: 33708819 PMCID: PMC7940915 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The use of mucins (MUC) as specific biomarkers for various malignancies has recently emerged. MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC16 can be detected at different stages of pancreatic cancer (PC), and can be valuable for indicating the initiation and progression of this disease. However, the diagnostic significance of the mucin family in patients with PC remains disputed. Herein, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of mucins in PC using a meta-analysis. Methods We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Science, Embase, and Chinese databases from their date of inception to June 1, 2020 to identify studies assessing the diagnostic performance of mucins in PC. The estimations of diagnostic indicators in selected studies were extracted for further analysis by Meta-DiSc software. Publication bias was assessed using Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test. Results Our meta-analysis included 34 studies. The pooled accuracy indicators of MUC1 in PC including the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) (with 95% confidence intervals) were 0.84 (0.82–0.86), 0.60 (0.56–0.64), 18.37 (9.18–36.78), 2.62 (1.79–3.86), and 0.22 (0.15–0.33), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.8875 and the Q index was 0.8181. Quantitative random-effects meta-analysis of MUC4 in PC using the summary (ROC) curve model revealed a pooled sensitivity of 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.89) and specificity of 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–0.91). In addition, the meta-analysis of MUC5AC in PC diagnosis also showed a high sensitivity and specificity of 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.76) and 0.60 (95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.66), respectively. Regarding MUC16, the area under the summary ROC curve and Q index were 0.9185 and 0.8516, respectively. Conclusions In summary, our results suggested a good diagnostic accuracy of several crucial mucins in PC. Mucins may serve as optional indicators in PC examination, and further research is warranted to investigate the role of mucins as potential clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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37
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Gong Y, Chen S, Fu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yang H, Liu H, Tang L. MUC4 is a novel mediator in H. pylori infection-related pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:123. [PMID: 33552244 PMCID: PMC7798107 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common malignant disease worldwide. Among the potential pathogenic factors, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been associated with the tumorigenesis of PC. The present study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of H. pylori infection-associated PC and to investigate the key factors involved in PC tumorigenesis. Using bioinformatics methods, overlapping DEGs and key gene were identified from H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa (GM) and H. pylori infection-associated PC. Survival and tumor stage analyses were performed to assess the clinical associations. In addition, mucin 4 (MUC4) mRNA expression levels were measured in patient blood and tumor samples. According to the correlation analyses of four genes co-expressed, potential biological processes were identified. MUC4 was identified to be associated with H. pylori infection, and its levels were significantly upregulated in PC samples compared with those in normal samples in TCGA dataset, the PC cell line and patient tissue samples. H. pylori infection was also associated with MUC4 expression in patients' blood and tissue samples. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed a potentially pathogenic role of MUC4 in H. pylori infection-associated PC. Thus, the tumorigenesis and metastasis of PC may be prevented by treating the H. pylori infection or using MUC4 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Fu
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Charité-University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Charité-University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haojun Yang
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China.,Charité-University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Virchow Campus, and Molecular Cancer Research Center, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liming Tang
- Research Center of General Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
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38
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Wang S, You L, Dai M, Zhao Y. Mucins in pancreatic cancer: A well-established but promising family for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10279-10289. [PMID: 32745356 PMCID: PMC7521221 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a family of multifunctional glycoproteins that mostly line the surface of epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract and exert pivotal roles in gut lubrication and protection. Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with poor early diagnosis, limited therapeutic effects, and high numbers of cancer‐related deaths. In this review, we introduce the expression profiles of mucins in the normal pancreas, pancreatic precursor neoplasia and pancreatic cancer. Mucins in the pancreas contribute to biological processes such as the protection, lubrication and moisturization of epithelial tissues. They also participate in the carcinogenesis of pancreatic cancer and are used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss the important roles of mucins that lead to the lethality of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, particularly MUC1, MUC4, MUC5AC and MUC16 in disease progression, and present a comprehensive analysis of the clinical application of mucins and their promising roles in cancer treatment to gain a better understanding of the role of mucins in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunda Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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