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Rashid M, Al Qarni A, Al Mahri S, Mohammad S, Khan A, Abdullah ML, Lehe C, Al Amoudi R, Aldibasi O, Bouchama A. Transcriptome Changes and Metabolic Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery in Adults With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2023; 8:bvad159. [PMID: 38162016 PMCID: PMC10755185 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Bariatric surgery has been shown to be effective in inducing complete remission of type 2 diabetes in adults with obesity. However, its efficacy in achieving complete diabetes remission remains variable and difficult to predict before surgery. Objective We aimed to characterize bariatric surgery-induced transcriptome changes associated with diabetes remission and the predictive role of the baseline transcriptome. Methods We performed a whole-genome microarray in peripheral mononuclear cells at baseline (before surgery) and 2 and 12 months after bariatric surgery in a prospective cohort of 26 adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We applied machine learning to the baseline transcriptome to identify genes that predict metabolic outcomes. We validated the microarray expression profile using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Sixteen patients entered diabetes remission at 12 months and 10 did not. The gene-expression analysis showed similarities and differences between responders and nonresponders. The difference included the expression of critical genes (SKT4, SIRT1, and TNF superfamily), metabolic and signaling pathways (Hippo, Sirtuin, ARE-mediated messenger RNA degradation, MSP-RON, and Huntington), and predicted biological functions (β-cell growth and proliferation, insulin and glucose metabolism, energy balance, inflammation, and neurodegeneration). Modeling the baseline transcriptome identified 10 genes that could hypothetically predict the metabolic outcome before bariatric surgery. Conclusion The changes in the transcriptome after bariatric surgery distinguish patients in whom diabetes enters complete remission from those who do not. The baseline transcriptome can contribute to the prediction of bariatric surgery-induced diabetes remission preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoon Rashid
- Department of AI and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al Mahri
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Mohammad
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashan L Abdullah
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cynthia Lehe
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Al Amoudi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Hospital, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Aldibasi
- Department of Biostatistics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- Experimental Medicine Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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Cruz-García EM, Frigolet ME, Canizales-Quinteros S, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Differential Gene Expression of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue among Lean, Obese, and after RYGB (Different Timepoints): Systematic Review and Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224925. [PMID: 36432612 PMCID: PMC9693162 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The main roles of adipose tissue include triglycerides storage and adipokine secretion, which regulate energy balance and inflammation status. In obesity, adipocyte dysfunction leads to proinflammatory cytokine production and insulin resistance. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity, the gold-standard technique being Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Since metabolic improvements after RYGB are clear, a better understanding of adipose tissue molecular modifications could be derived from this study. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to find differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of lean, obese and post-RYGB (distinct timepoints). To address this objective, publications from 2015-2022 reporting gene expression (candidate genes or transcriptomic approach) of subcutaneous adipose tissue from lean and obese individuals before and after RGYB were searched in PubMed, Elsevier, and Springer Link. Excluded publications were reviews, studies analyzing serum, other types of tissues, or bariatric procedures. A risk-of-bias summary was created for each paper using Robvis, to finally include 17 studies. Differentially expressed genes in post-RYGB vs. obese and lean vs. obese were obtained and the intersection among these groups was used for analysis and gene classification by metabolic pathway. Results showed that the lean state as well as the post-RYGB is similar in terms of increased expression of insulin-sensitizing molecules, inducing lipogenesis over lipolysis and downregulating leukocyte activation, cytokine production and other factors that promote inflammation. Thus, massive weight loss and metabolic improvements after RYGB are accompanied by gene expression modifications reverting the "adipocyte dysfunction" phenomenon observed in obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Marisol Cruz-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - María E. Frigolet
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genόmica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genόmica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5552289917 (ext. 4509)
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Hierons SJ, Abbas K, Sobczak AIS, Cerone M, Smith TK, Ajjan RA, Stewart AJ. Changes in plasma free fatty acids in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery highlight alterations in lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15337. [PMID: 36097032 PMCID: PMC9468139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19657-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease that increases an individual’s risk of developing other diseases and health-related problems. A common feature is dyslipidemia characterized by increased levels of plasma lipids, which include non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). The role of NEFAs in obesity-related morbidity is interesting as NEFAs constitute a reservoir of metabolic energy, are principal components of cell membranes and are precursors for signalling molecules. Bariatric surgery promotes sustained weight loss in severely obese patients, reducing the incidence and severity of co-morbidities. In this study we measure changes in circulating NEFA species in plasma samples taken from 25 obese individuals before and 9 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. The mean weight of the cohort reduced by 29.2% from 149.0 ± 25.1 kg pre-surgery to 105.5 ± 19.8 kg post-surgery and the BMI by 28.2% from 51.8 ± 6.3 kg/m2 pre-surgery to 37.2 ± 5.4 kg/m2. Mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduced from 6.5 ± 1.3 to 5.5 ± 0.5%, consistent with the intervention leading to improved glycaemic control, particularly in those who were dysglycemic prior to surgery. Total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were markedly reduced following surgery. Concentrations of seven NEFAs were found to decrease 9 months after surgery compared to pre-surgery levels: myristate, palmitoleate, palmitate, linoleate, oleate, stearate and arachidonate. Bariatric surgery led to increased lipogenesis and elongase activity and decreased stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 activity. This study therefore highlights metabolic changes that take place following gastric bypass surgery in severely obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Hierons
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Kazim Abbas
- Renal Transplant Unit, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Michela Cerone
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Terry K Smith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan J Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
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4
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Genetic reprogramming of remnant duodenum may contribute to type 2 diabetes improvement after Roux en-Y gastric bypass. Nutrition 2022; 99-100:111631. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Cifuentes L, Hurtado A. MD, Eckel-Passow J, Acosta A. Precision Medicine for Obesity. DIGESTIVE DISEASE INTERVENTIONS 2021; 5:239-248. [PMID: 36203650 PMCID: PMC9534386 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a variable and underwhelming weight loss response to current treatment approaches. Precision medicine proposes a new paradigm to improve disease classification based on the premise of human heterogeneity, with the ultimate goal of maximizing treatment effectiveness, tolerability, and safety. Recent advances in high-throughput biochemical assays have contributed to the partial characterization of obesity's pathophysiology, as well as to the understanding of the role that intrinsic and environmental factors, and their interaction, play in its development and progression. These data have led to the development of biological markers that either are being or will be incorporated into strategies to develop personalized lines of treatment for obesity. There are currently many ongoing initiatives aimed at this; however, much needs to be resolved before precision obesity medicine becomes common practice. This review aims to provide a perspective on the currently available data of high-throughput technologies to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Cifuentes
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maria Daniela Hurtado A.
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System La Crosse, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeanette Eckel-Passow
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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6
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Lefere S, Onghena L, Vanlander A, van Nieuwenhove Y, Devisscher L, Geerts A. Bariatric surgery and the liver-Mechanisms, benefits, and risks. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13294. [PMID: 34002452 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen dramatically over the past decades. At present, bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for this global health problem, through effects on food intake, gut hormone secretion, metabolic signaling pathways, and adipose tissue dysfunction. The liver occupies a central role in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. Notably, a reduction in hepatic fat content and an improvement in hepatic insulin resistance are among the earliest beneficial effects of bariatric surgery, which has therefore emerged as an attractive treatment option for NAFLD. However, as the scope and popularity of weight loss surgery have expanded, new questions have arisen regarding its safety in patients with liver cirrhosis, the outcome of liver transplantation in patients with a history of bariatric surgery, and over incidental reports of liver failure following surgery. Studies in humans and rodents have also linked bariatric surgery to an increased risk of developing alcohol use disorder, a major risk factor for liver disease. This review integrates data from clinical and translational research to delineate both the beneficial impact of bariatric surgery on the liver and the potential risks involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Onghena
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liver Transplantation Service, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aude Vanlander
- Department of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Liver Transplantation Service, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Kerr AG, Andersson DP, Rydén M, Arner P, Dahlman I. Long-term changes in adipose tissue gene expression following bariatric surgery. J Intern Med 2020; 288:219-233. [PMID: 32406570 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients undergoing bariatric surgery present long-term metabolic improvements and reduced type 2 diabetes risk, despite long-term weight regain. We hypothesized that part of these protective effects could be linked to altered gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT). METHODS Transcriptomic profiling by gene microarray was performed in abdominal subcutaneous WAT from women before (n = 50) and two (n = 49) and five (n = 38) years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery as well as in 28 age-matched nonoperated women. RESULTS In the obese women, the average body weight decrease was 38 kg 2 years postsurgery followed by an 8 kg weight regain between 2 and 5 years. Most of the long-term changes in WAT gene expression occurred during the first 2 years. However, a subset of genes encoding proteins involved in inflammation displayed a continued decrease between baseline, 2 and 5 years, respectively; that is an expression pattern independent of body weight regain. Expression of 71 of these genes correlated with measurements of adipocyte morphology or serum adipokine levels. CONCLUSION The continuous improvement in WAT inflammatory gene expression, despite body weight relapse, may contribute to the sustained effects on adipose morphology after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Kerr
- From the , Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D P Andersson
- From the , Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Rydén
- From the , Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Arner
- From the , Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Dahlman
- From the , Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Pinhel MAS, Noronha NY, Nicoletti CF, Pereira VAB, de Oliveira BAP, Cortes-Oliveira C, Salgado W, Barbosa F, Marchini JS, Souza DRS, Nonino CB. Changes in DNA Methylation and Gene Expression of Insulin and Obesity-Related Gene PIK3R1 after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4476. [PMID: 32599690 PMCID: PMC7352760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight regulation and the magnitude of weight loss after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can be genetically determined. DNA methylation patterns and the expression of some genes can be altered after weight loss interventions, including RYGB. The present study aimed to evaluate how the gene expression and DNA methylation of PIK3R1, an obesity and insulin-related gene, change after RYGB. Blood samples were obtained from 13 women (35.9 ± 9.2 years) with severe obesity before and six months after surgical procedure. Whole blood transcriptome and epigenomic patterns were assessed by microarray-based, genome-wide technologies. A total of 1966 differentially expressed genes were identified in the pre- and postoperative periods of RYGB. From these, we observed that genes involved in obesity and insulin pathways were upregulated after surgery. Then, the PIK3R1 gene was selected for further RT-qPCR analysis and cytosine-guanine nucleotide (CpG) sites methylation evaluation. We observed that the PI3KR1 gene was upregulated, and six DNA methylation CpG sites were differently methylated after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, we found that RYGB upregulates genes involved in obesity and insulin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A S Pinhel
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Natália Y Noronha
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Carolina F Nicoletti
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Vanessa AB Pereira
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Bruno AP de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Cristiana Cortes-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Wilson Salgado
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, Brazil;
| | - Júlio S Marchini
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Doroteia RS Souza
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil;
| | - Carla B Nonino
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics Studies, Health Science Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (M.A.S.P.); (N.Y.N.); (C.F.N.); (V.A.B.P.); (B.A.P.d.O.); (C.C.-O.); (W.S.J.); (J.S.M.)
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9
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Ecker BL, Lee JY, Sterner CJ, Solomon AC, Pant DK, Shen F, Peraza J, Vaught L, Mahendra S, Belka GK, Pan TC, Schmitz KH, Chodosh LA. Impact of obesity on breast cancer recurrence and minimal residual disease. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:41. [PMID: 30867005 PMCID: PMC6416940 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence and cancer death. Recurrent cancers arise from the pool of residual tumor cells, or minimal residual disease (MRD), that survives primary treatment and persists in the host. Whether the association of obesity with recurrence risk is causal is unknown, and the impact of obesity on MRD and breast cancer recurrence has not been reported in humans or in animal models. METHODS Doxycycline-inducible primary mammary tumors were generated in intact MMTV-rtTA;TetO-HER2/neu (MTB/TAN) mice or orthotopic recipients fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal from fat) or a control low-fat diet (LFD; 10% kcal from fat). Following oncogene downregulation and tumor regression, mice were followed for clinical recurrence. Body weight was measured twice weekly and used to segregate HFD mice into obese (i.e., responders) and lean (i.e., nonresponders) study arms, and obesity was correlated with body fat percentage, glucose tolerance (measured using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests), serum biomarkers (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and tissue transcriptomics (assessed by RNA sequencing). MRD was quantified by droplet digital PCR. RESULTS HFD-Obese mice weighed significantly more than HFD-Lean and LFD control mice (p < 0.001) and had increased body fat percentage (p < 0.001). Obese mice exhibited fasting hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance, as well as decreased serum levels of adiponectin and increased levels of leptin, resistin, and insulin-like growth factor 1. Tumor recurrence was accelerated in HFD-Obese mice compared with HFD-Lean and LFD control mice (median relapse-free survival 53.0 days vs. 87.0 days vs. 80.0 days, log-rank p < 0.001; HFD-Obese compared with HFD-Lean HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.52-4.16; HFD-Obese compared with LFD HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.42-3.63). HFD-Obese mice harbored a significantly greater number of residual tumor cells than HFD-Lean and LFD mice (12,550 ± 991 vs. 7339 ± 2182 vs. 4793 ± 1618 cells, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These studies provide a genetically engineered mouse model for study of the association of diet-induced obesity with breast cancer recurrence. They demonstrate that this model recapitulates physiological changes characteristic of obese patients, establish that the association between obesity and recurrence risk is causal in nature, and suggest that obesity is associated with the increased survival and persistence of residual tumor cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Body Mass Index
- Body Weight
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
- Datasets as Topic
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/mortality
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/pathology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett L. Ecker
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jun Y. Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Christopher J. Sterner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Aaron C. Solomon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Dhruv K. Pant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Javier Peraza
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Lauren Vaught
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Samyukta Mahendra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - George K. Belka
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Tien-chi Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
| | - Kathryn H. Schmitz
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Lewis A. Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 2-PREVENT Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
- The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160 USA
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10
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Courcoulas AP, Stefater MA, Shirley E, Gourash WF, Stylopoulos N. The Feasibility of Examining the Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery on Intestinal Metabolism: Prospective, Longitudinal Mechanistic Clinical Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e12459. [PMID: 30679147 PMCID: PMC6483060 DOI: 10.2196/12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the best treatment for severe obesity and its complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the beneficial metabolic effects will help to engineer ways to improve the procedure or produce these effects without surgery. Objective The aim is to present data on recruitment and feasibility of a translational study designed to collect intestinal samples before and after bariatric surgery. The goal of biobanking is to allow future studies to test the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of RYGB involves specific changes in the postsurgical short- and long-term metabolism and morphology of the jejunum (Roux limb). Specifically, to test whether the intestine enhances its metabolism and activity after RYGB and increases its fuel utilization, we designed a prospective, longitudinal study, which involved the recruitment of candidates for RYGB with and without T2DM. We describe the tissue bank that we have generated, and our experience, hoping to further facilitate the performance of longitudinal mechanistic studies in human patients undergoing bariatric surgery and especially those involving post-RYGB intestinal biology. Methods We conducted a trial to characterize the effects of RYGB on intestinal metabolism. Intestinal tissue samples were collected from the jejunum at surgery, 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively for the analysis of intestinal gene expression and metabolomic and morphologic changes. The target number of patients who completed at least the 6-month follow-up was 26, and we included a 20% attrition rate, increasing the total number to 32. Results To enroll 26 patients, we had to approach 79 potential participants. A total of 37 agreed to participate and started the study; 33, 30, and 26 active participants completed their 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month studies, respectively. Three participants withdrew, and 30 participants are still active. Altruism and interest in research were the most common reasons for participation. Important factors for feasibility and successful retention included (1) large volume case flow, (2) inclusion and exclusion criteria broad enough to capture a large segment of the patient population but narrow enough to ensure the completion of study aims and protection of safety concerns, (3) accurate assessment of willingness and motivation to participate in a study, (4) seamless integration of the recruitment process into normal clinical flow, (5) financial reimbursement and nonfinancial rewards and gestures of appreciation, and (6) nonburdensome follow-up visits and measures and reasonable time allotted. Conclusions Human translational studies of the intestinal mechanisms of metabolic and weight changes after bariatric surgery are important and feasible. A tissue bank with unique samples has been established that could be used by investigators in many research fields, further enabling mechanistic studies on the effects of bariatric surgery. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02710370; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02710370 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/75HrQT8Dl)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleanor Shirley
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William F Gourash
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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The changes in the transcriptomic profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue after bariatric surgery depend on the insulin resistance state. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:1182-1191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is poorly characterized. Markers of these processes may provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie these events. The main goal of this study was to identify changes in PBMC gene expression in women with obesity before and 6 months after RYGB-induced weight loss. METHODS The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of PBMCs from 13 obese women was analyzed before and 6 months after RYGB; the RNA of PBMCs from nine healthy women served as control. The gene expression levels were determined by microarray analysis. Significant differences in gene expression were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS Microarray analysis for comparison of the pre- and postoperative periods showed that 1366 genes were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The main pathways were related to gene transcription; lipid, energy, and glycide metabolism; inflammatory and immunological response; cell differentiation; oxidative stress regulation; response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli; substrate oxidation; mTOR signaling pathway; interferon signaling; mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB1), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression; adipocyte differentiation; and methylation. CONCLUSIONS Six months after bariatric surgery and significant weight loss, many molecular pathways involved in obesity and metabolic diseases change. These findings are an important tool to identify potential targets for therapeutic intervention and clinical practice of nutritional genomics in obesity.
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13
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Walle P, Takkunen M, Männistö V, Vaittinen M, Käkelä P, Ågren J, Schwab U, Lindström J, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M, Pihlajamäki J. Alterations in fatty acid metabolism in response to obesity surgery combined with dietary counseling. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e285. [PMID: 28869586 PMCID: PMC5637104 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of obesity surgery on serum and adipose tissue fatty acid (FA) profile and FA metabolism may modify the risk of obesity-related diseases. Methods: We measured serum (n=122) and adipose tissue (n=24) FA composition and adipose tissue mRNA expression of genes regulating FA metabolism (n=100) in participants of the Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study (KOBS, age 47.2±8.7 years, BMI 44.6±6.0, 40 men, 82 women) before and one year after obesity surgery. As part of the surgery protocol, all the subjects were instructed to add sources of unsaturated fatty acids, such as rapeseed oil and fatty fish, into their diet. The results were compared with changes in serum FA composition in 122 subjects from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention study (DPS) (age 54.3±7.1 years, BMI 32.2±4.6, 28 men, 94 women). Results: The proportion of saturated FAs decreased and the proportion of n-3 and n-6 FAs increased in serum triglycerides after obesity surgery (all P<0.002). Weight loss predicted changes in quantitative amounts of saturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs, n-3 and n-6 FAs in triglycerides (P<0.002 for all). Moreover, the changes in adipose tissue FAs reflected the changes in serum FAs, and some of the changes were associated with mRNA expression of elongases and desaturases in adipose tissue (all P<0.05). In line with this the estimated activity of elongase (18:1 n-7/16:1 n-7) increased significantly after obesity surgery in all lipid fractions (all P<4 × 10−7) and the increase in the estimated activity of D5D in triglycerides was associated with higher weight loss (r=0.415, P<2 × 10−6). Changes in serum FA profile were similar after obesity surgery and lifestyle intervention, except for the change in the absolute amounts of n-3 FAs between the two studies (P=0.044). Conclusions: Beneficial changes in serum and adipose tissue FAs after obesity surgery could be associated with changes in endogenous metabolism and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Walle
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Takkunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - P Käkelä
- Department of Surgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - U Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Lindström
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, THL, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Tuomilehto
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, THL, Helsinki, Finland.,Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait
| | - M Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Hagman DK, Larson I, Kuzma JN, Cromer G, Makar K, Rubinow KB, Foster-Schubert KE, van Yserloo B, Billing PS, Landerholm RW, Crouthamel M, Flum DR, Cummings DE, Kratz M. The short-term and long-term effects of bariatric/metabolic surgery on subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation in humans. Metabolism 2017; 70:12-22. [PMID: 28403936 PMCID: PMC5407411 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The mechanisms mediating the short- and long-term improvements in glucose homeostasis following bariatric/metabolic surgery remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a reduction in adipose tissue inflammation plays a role in the metabolic improvements seen after bariatric/metabolic surgery, both in the short-term and longer-term. DESIGN Fasting blood and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue were obtained before (n=14), at one month (n=9), and 6-12months (n=14) after bariatric/metabolic surgery from individuals with obesity who were not on insulin or anti-diabetes medication. Adipose tissue inflammation was assessed by a combination of whole-tissue gene expression and flow cytometry-based quantification of tissue leukocytes. RESULTS One month after surgery, body weight was reduced by 13.5±4.4kg (p<0.001), with improvements in glucose tolerance reflected by a decrease in area-under-the-curve (AUC) glucose in 3-h oral glucose tolerance tests (-105±98mmol/L * min; p=0.009) and enhanced pancreatic β-cell function (insulinogenic index: +0.8±0.9pmol/mmol; p=0.032), but no change in estimated insulin sensitivity (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index [ISI]; p=0.720). Furthermore, although biomarkers of systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue remained unchanged, the number of neutrophils increased in adipose tissue 15-20 fold (p<0.001), with less substantial increases in other leukocyte populations. By the 6-12month follow-up visit, body weight was reduced by 34.8±10.8kg (p<0.001) relative to baseline, and glucose tolerance was further improved (AUC glucose -276±229; p<0.001) along with estimated insulin sensitivity (Matsuda ISI: +4.6±3.2; p<0.001). In addition, improvements in systemic inflammation were reflected by reductions in circulating C-reactive protein (CRP; -2.0±5.3mg/dL; p=0.002), and increased serum adiponectin (+1358±1406pg/mL; p=0.003). However, leukocyte infiltration of adipose tissue remained elevated relative to baseline, with pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression unchanged, while adiponectin mRNA expression trended downward (p=0.069). CONCLUSION Both the short- and longer-term metabolic improvements following bariatric/metabolic surgery occur without significant reductions in measures of adipose tissue inflammation, as assessed by measuring the expression of genes encoding key mediators of inflammation and by flow cytometric immunophenotyping and quantification of adipose tissue leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek K Hagman
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Diabetes Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ilona Larson
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessica N Kuzma
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Gail Cromer
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Karen Makar
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Katya B Rubinow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Karen E Foster-Schubert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brian van Yserloo
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | | | - David R Flum
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David E Cummings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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15
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den Hartigh LJ, Wang S, Goodspeed L, Wietecha T, Houston B, Omer M, Ogimoto K, Subramanian S, Gowda GAN, O’Brien KD, Kaiyala KJ, Morton GJ, Chait A. Metabolically distinct weight loss by 10,12 CLA and caloric restriction highlight the importance of subcutaneous white adipose tissue for glucose homeostasis in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172912. [PMID: 28245284 PMCID: PMC5330530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widely used as a weight loss supplement, trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA) promotes fat loss in obese mice and humans, but has also been associated with insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE We therefore sought to directly compare weight loss by 10,12 CLA versus caloric restriction (CR, 15-25%), an acceptable healthy method of weight loss, to determine how 10,12 CLA-mediated weight loss fails to improve glucose metabolism. METHODS Obese mice with characteristics of human metabolic syndrome were either supplemented with 10,12 CLA or subjected to CR to promote weight loss. Metabolic endpoints such as energy expenditure, glucose and insulin tolerance testing, and trunk fat distribution were measured. RESULTS By design, 10,12 CLA and CR caused equivalent weight loss, with greater fat loss by 10,12 CLA accompanied by increased energy expenditure, reduced respiratory quotient, increased fat oxidation, accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages, and browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT). Moreover, 10,12 CLA-supplemented mice better defended their body temperature against a cold challenge. However, 10,12 CLA concurrently induced the detrimental loss of subcutaneous WAT without reducing visceral WAT, promoted reduced plasma and WAT adipokine levels, worsened hepatic steatosis, and failed to improve glucose metabolism. Obese mice undergoing CR were protected from subcutaneous-specific fat loss, had improved hepatic steatosis, and subsequently showed the expected improvements in WAT adipokines, glucose metabolism and WAT inflammation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 10,12 CLA mediates the preferential loss of subcutaneous fat that likely contributes to hepatic steatosis and maintained insulin resistance, despite significant weight loss and WAT browning in mice. Collectively, we have shown that weight loss due to 10,12 CLA supplementation or CR results in dramatically different metabolic phenotypes, with the latter promoting a healthier form of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Shari Wang
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leela Goodspeed
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tomasz Wietecha
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Barbara Houston
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Omer
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kayoko Ogimoto
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Savitha Subramanian
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Karl J. Kaiyala
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Morton
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Metabolism, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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16
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Zhao L, Ni Y, Yu H, Zhang P, Zhao A, Bao Y, Liu J, Chen T, Xie G, Panee J, Chen W, Rajani C, Wei R, Su M, Jia W, Jia W. Serum stearic acid/palmitic acid ratio as a potential predictor of diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obesity. FASEB J 2016; 31:1449-1460. [PMID: 28007782 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600927r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous fatty acid metabolism that results in elongation and desaturation lipid products is thought to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we evaluated the potential of estimated elongase and desaturase activities for use as predictive markers for T2DM remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The results of a targeted metabolomics approach from 2 independent studies were used to calculate 24 serum FA concentration ratios (product/precursor). Gene expression data from an open public data set was also analyzed. In a longitudinal study of 38 obese diabetic patients with RYGB, we found higher baseline stearic acid/palmitic acid (S/P) ratio. This ratio reflects an elovl6-encoded elongase enzyme activity that has been found to be associated with greater possibility for diabetes remission after RYGB [odds ratio, 2.16 (95% CI 1.10-4.26)], after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes duration, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and fasting C-peptide. Our results were validated by examination of postsurgical elovl6 gene expression in morbidly obese patients. The association of S/P with the metabolic status of obese individuals was further validated in a cross-sectional cohort of 381 participants. In summary, higher baseline S/P was associated with greater probability of diabetes remission after RYGB and may serve as a diagnostic marker in preoperative patient assessment. - Zhao, L., Ni, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, P., Zhao, A., Bao, Y., Liu, J., Chen, T., Xie, G., Panee, J., Chen, W., Rajani, C., Wei, R., Su, M., Jia, W., Jia, W. Serum stearic acid/palmitic acid ratio as a potential predictor of diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - Wenlian Chen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Runmin Wei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mingming Su
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; .,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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17
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González Plaza JJ, Hulak N, Kausova G, Zhumadilov Z, Akilzhanova A. Role of metabolism during viral infections, and crosstalk with the innate immune system. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:90-6. [PMID: 27195191 PMCID: PMC4869588 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2016.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have been for long polemic biological particles which stand in the twilight of being living entities or not. As their genome is reduced, they rely on the metabolic machinery of their host in order to replicate and be able to continue with their infection process. The understanding of their metabolic requirements is thus of paramount importance in order to develop tailored drugs to control their population, without affecting the normal functioning of their host. New advancements in high throughput technologies, especially metabolomics are allowing researchers to uncover the metabolic mechanisms of viral replication. In this short review, we present the latest discoveries that have been made in the field and an overview of the intrinsic relationship between metabolism and innate immunity as an important part of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José González Plaza
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Research Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”, Zagreb, Croatia
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Juan José González Plaza, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, P.O. Box 180, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia. E-mail:
| | - Nataša Hulak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Zhaxybay Zhumadilov
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, PI “National Laboratory Astana”, AOE “Nazarbayev University”, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Akilzhanova
- Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Center for Life Sciences, PI “National Laboratory Astana”, AOE “Nazarbayev University”, Astana, Kazakhstan
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