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Shabankareh K, Hamidi A, Soleymani MR, Sajadi HS, Alavi M. Faculty members as academic knowledge brokers in Iran's health sector: a social network analysis study. Health Res Policy Syst 2024; 22:53. [PMID: 38685079 PMCID: PMC11057138 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-024-01141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction between researchers and policymakers is an essential factor to facilitate the evidence-informed policymaking. One of the effective ways to establish this relationship and promote evidence-informed policymaking is to employ people or organizations that can play the role of knowledge brokers. This study aims to analyze the communication network and interactions between researchers and policymakers in Iran's health sector and identify key people serving as academic knowledge brokers. METHODS This study was a survey research. Using a census approach, we administered a sociometric survey to faculty members in the health field in top ten Iranian medical universities to construct academic-policymaker network using social network analysis method. Network maps were generated using UCINET and NetDraw software. We used Indegree Centrality, Outdegree Centrality, and Betweenness Centrality indicators to determine knowledge brokers in the network. RESULTS The drawn network had a total of 188 nodes consisting of 94 university faculty members and 94 policymakers at three national, provincial, and university levels. The network comprised a total of 177 links, with 125 connecting to policymakers and 52 to peers. Of 56 faculty members, we identified four knowledge brokers. Six policymakers were identified as key policymakers in the network, too. CONCLUSIONS It seems that the flow of knowledge produced by research in the health field in Iran is not accomplished well from the producers of research evidence to the users of knowledge. Therefore, it seems necessary to consider incentive and support mechanisms to strengthen the interaction between researchers and policymakers in Iran's health sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Shabankareh
- Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Hamidi
- Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleymani
- Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Haniye Sadat Sajadi
- Knowledge Utilization Research Center, University Research and Development Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mousa Alavi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Hedayatipour M, Etemadi S, Hekmat SN, Moosavi A. Challenges of using evidence in managerial decision-making of the primary health care system. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38183009 PMCID: PMC10770934 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managerial Evidence-Based Decision-Making [EBDM] in the primary is a systematic approach that directs the decision-maker in a conscientious, explicit, and judicious utilization of reliable and best evidence based on the professional experiences and preferences of stakeholders and patients from various sources. This study aimed to investigate the challenges primary healthcare managers encounter while undertaking decision-making processes. METHOD A systematic review was conducted in 2022 with the aim of identifying and collecting all qualitative articles pertaining to evidence-based decision-making in the primary healthcare system. To achieve this, a meticulous search was conducted using the relevant keywords, including primary health care and evidence-based decision making, as well as their corresponding synonyms, across the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and Pubmed. Importantly, there were no limitations imposed on the timeframe for the search. To carefully analyze and consolidate the findings of this systematic review, the meta-synthesis approach was employed. RESULTS A total of 22 articles were assessed in this systematic review study. The results revealed the main categories including evidence nature, EBDM barriers, utilizing evidence, decision-makers ability, organizational structure, evidence-based, EBDM support, communication for EBDM, evidence sides, EBDM skill development, public health promotion, and health system performance improvement. CONCLUSION The primary healthcare system is crucial in improving health outcomes and ensuring access to healthcare services for all individuals. This study explored the utilization of evidence-based EBDM within the primary healthcare system. We identified five key dimensions: causal, contextual, and intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences of EBDM as a core phenomenon. The findings will help policymakers and administrators comprehend the importance of evidence-based decision-making, ultimately leading to enhanced decision quality, community well-being, and efficiency within the healthcare system. EBDM entails considering the best reliable evidence, and incorporating community preferences while also exploiting the professional expertise and experiences of decision-makers. This systematic review has the potential to provide guidance for future reforms and enhance the quality of decision-making at the managerial level in primary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hedayatipour
- Department of Healthcare Management, Policy and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Etemadi
- Department of Healthcare Management, Policy and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayeh Noori Hekmat
- Department of Healthcare Management, Policy and Economics, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Alisadat Moosavi
- Department of Medical Library & Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Chandler R, Farinu OTO, Guillaume D, Francis S, Parker AG, Shah K, Hernandez ND. Digital Health App to Address Disparate HIV Outcomes Among Black Women Living in Metro-Atlanta: Protocol for a Multiphase, Mixed Methods Pilot Feasibility Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e42712. [PMID: 37713259 PMCID: PMC10541635 DOI: 10.2196/42712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisgender Black women in the southern United States are at heightened risk for HIV and adverse sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Mobile health interventions that target HIV risk while being adapted to the needs and lived experiences of Black women are remarkably limited. OBJECTIVE The study aims to refine SavvyHER, a mobile app for HIV prevention, with Black women residing in high HIV incidence areas of Georgia and evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and usability of SavvyHER. This paper describes the procedures implemented to conduct this research. METHODS Community-based participatory research tenets guide this multiphase study to finalize the development of what we hypothesize will be an effective, sustainable, and culturally relevant HIV prevention and optimal sexual health and reproductive wellness app for Black women. This multiphased, mixed methods study consists of 3 phases. The first phase entails focus groups with Black women to understand their preferences for the functionality and design of a beta prototype version of SavvyHER. In the second phase, an app usability pretest (N=10) will be used to refine and optimize the SavvyHER app. The final phase will entail a pilot randomized controlled trial (N=60) to evaluate the app's feasibility and usability in preparation for a larger trial. RESULTS Findings from preliminary focus groups revealed educational content, app aesthetics, privacy considerations, and marketing preferred by Black women, thus informing the first functional SavvyHER prototype. As we adapt and test the feasibility of SavvyHER, we hypothesize that the app will be an effective, sustainable, and culturally relevant HIV prevention, sexual health, and reproductive wellness tool for Black women. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this research substantiate the importance of developing health interventions curated for and by Black women to address critical HIV disparities. The knowledge gained from this research can reduce HIV disparities among Black women through a targeted intervention that centers on their health needs and priorities. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/42712.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheeta Chandler
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Oluyemi T O Farinu
- Department of Sociology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dominique Guillaume
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sherilyn Francis
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrea G Parker
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kewal Shah
- School of Interactive Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Natalie D Hernandez
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Merletti R, Temporiti F, Gatti R, Gupta S, Sandrini G, Serrao M. Translation of surface electromyography to clinical and motor rehabilitation applications: The need for new clinical figures. Transl Neurosci 2023; 14:20220279. [PMID: 36941919 PMCID: PMC10024349 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced sensors/electrodes and signal processing techniques provide powerful tools to analyze surface electromyographic signals (sEMG) and their features, to decompose sEMG into the constituent motor unit action potential trains, and to identify synergies, neural muscle drive, and EEG-sEMG coherence. However, despite thousands of articles, dozens of textbooks, tutorials, consensus papers, and European and International efforts, the translation of this knowledge into clinical activities and assessment procedures has been very slow, likely because of lack of clinical studies and competent operators in the field. Understanding and using sEMG-based hardware and software tools requires a level of knowledge of signal processing and interpretation concepts that is multidisciplinary and is not provided by most academic curricula in physiotherapy, movement sciences, neurophysiology, rehabilitation, sport, and occupational medicine. The chasm existing between the available knowledge and its clinical applications in this field is discussed as well as the need for new clinical figures. The need for updating the training of physiotherapists, neurophysiology technicians, and clinical technologists is discussed as well as the required competences of trainers and trainees. Indications and examples are suggested and provide a basis for addressing the problem. Two teaching examples are provided in the Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Merletti
- LISiN, Department of Electronics andTelecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10138, Italy
| | - Federico Temporiti
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, 20089, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, 20090, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Physiotherapy Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Milano, 20089, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, 20090, Italy
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India
| | - Giorgio Sandrini
- Department of Brain and Behavior Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Mariano Serrao
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, 04100, Italy
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Jessani NS, Ling B, Babcock C, Valmeekanathan A, Holtgrave DR. Advocacy, activism, and lobbying: How variations in interpretation affects ability for academia to engage with public policy. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000034. [PMID: 36962253 PMCID: PMC10021895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research and teaching are considered core-responsibilities for academic researchers. "Practice" activities however are viewed as ancillary, despite university emphasis on their importance. As funders, governments, and academia address the role of research in social impact, the deliberations on researcher activism, advocacy and lobbying have seen a resurgence. This study explores the perceptions of 52 faculty and 24 government decisionmakers on the roles, responsibilities, and restrictions of an academic to proactively engage in efforts that can be interpreted under these three terms. Data was coded through inductive thematic analysis using Atlas.Ti and a framework approach. We found that discordant perceptions about how much activism, advocacy and lobbying faculty should be engaging in, results from how each term is defined, interpreted, supported and reported by the individuals, the School of Public Health (SPH), and government agencies. Influential faculty factors included: seniority, previous experiences, position within the institution, and being embedded in a research center with an advocacy focus. Faculty views on support for advocacy were often divergent. We surmise therefore, that for effective and mutually beneficial collaboration to occur, academic institutions need to align rhetoric with reality with respect to encouraging modes and support for government engagement. Similarly, government agencies need to provide more flexible modes of engagement. This will contribute to alleviating confusion as well as tension leading to more effective engagement and consequently opportunity for evidence-informed decision making in public health globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen S. Jessani
- Center for Evidence Based Health Care, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Brenton Ling
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Wholesome Wave, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Carly Babcock
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- CDC Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Akshara Valmeekanathan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Independent Consultant, India
| | - David R. Holtgrave
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
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Kentikelenis A, Seabrooke L. Organising knowledge to prevent global health crises: a comparative analysis of pandemic preparedness indicators. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-006864. [PMID: 34429299 PMCID: PMC8386236 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparing for the possibility of a global pandemic presents a transnational organisational challenge: to assemble and coordinate knowledge over institutionally diverse countries with high fidelity. The COVID-19 pandemic has laid these problems bare. This article examines the construction of the three main cross-national indicators of pandemic preparedness: a database with self-reported data by governments, external evaluations organised by the WHO and a global ranking known as the Global Health Security Index. Each of these presents a different model of collecting evidence and organising knowledge: the collation of self-reports by national authorities; the coordination of evaluation by an epistemic community authorised by an intergovernmental organisation and on the basis of a strict template; and the cobbling together of different sources into a common indicator by a transnational multi-stakeholder initiative. We posit that these models represent different ways of creating knowledge to inform policy choices, and each has different forms of potential bias. In turn, this shapes how policymakers understand what is ‘best practice’ and appropriate policy in pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonard Seabrooke
- Department of Organization, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Oslo, Norway
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Li M, Lian B, Xu X, Zhao P, Tang B, Hu C, Liu X, Yu W, Zhang L. Collaborative relationships in translational medical research among Chinese clinicians: an internet-based cross-sectional survey. J Transl Med 2021; 19:247. [PMID: 34090449 PMCID: PMC8180016 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the collaborative relationship in translational medical research from the perspective of clinicians in China. The findings are expected to help practitioners optimize and experience the greatest advantages of collaboration. METHODS We conducted a national internet-based survey from July 29 to October 12, 2020. Of the 806 responses, 804 were completed with valid responses (valid response rate = 99.8%). The collected data were presented as descriptive statistics and analyzed using nonparametric tests (including the Wilcoxon rank test and Kruskal-Wallis H test) and stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 804 participants, 733 were either willing or very willing to collaborate in translational medical research. Clinicians' willingness was influenced by their current research type, role in current translational medical research, burdens of their present research, preferred partners for collaboration at the institutional or individual level, and preferences for independent or dependent relationships. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should evaluate their time, role, burdens, personal preferences for research relationships, and appropriate partners based on their current translational medical research and its goals, before deciding to collaborate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Li
- Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bin Lian
- The Affiliated Suzhou Science &, Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215153, China
| | | | - Pan Zhao
- The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Bihan Tang
- Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 903Rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wenya Yu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 227 South Chongqing Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Military Health Management, College of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Hohl SD, Knerr S, Gehlert S, Neuhouser ML, Beresford SAA, Unger JM, Fishman PA, Thompson B. Transdisciplinary research outcomes based on the Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer II initiative experience. RESEARCH EVALUATION 2020; 30:39-50. [DOI: 10.1093/reseval/rvaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Intractable public health problems are influenced by interacting multi-level factors. Dynamic research approaches in which teams of scientists collaborate beyond traditional disciplinary, institutional, and geographic boundaries have emerged as promising strategies to address pressing public health priorities. However, little prior work has identified, defined, and characterized the outcomes of transdisciplinary (TD) research undertaken to address public health problems. Through a mixed methods approach, we identify, define, and characterize TD outcomes and their relevance to improving population health using the Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer (TREC) II initiative as a case example. In Phase I, TREC II leadership (n = 10) identified nine initial TD outcomes. In Phase II (web-based survey; n = 23) and Phase III (interviews; n = 26; and focus groups, n = 23) TREC members defined and characterized each outcome. The resulting nine outcomes are described. The nine complementary TD outcomes can be used as a framework to evaluate progress toward impact on complex public health problems. Strategic investment in infrastructure that supports team development and collaboration, such as a coordination center, cross-center working groups, annual funded developmental projects, and face-to-face meetings, may foster achievement of these outcomes. This exploratory work provides a basis for the future investigation and development of quantitative measurement tools to assess the achievement of TD outcomes that are relevant to solving multifactorial public health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Hohl
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah Knerr
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Sarah Gehlert
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W 34th St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Joseph M Unger
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul A Fishman
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Beti Thompson
- Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Hanneke R, Link JM. The complex nature of research dissemination practices among public health faculty researchers. J Med Libr Assoc 2019; 107:341-351. [PMID: 31258440 PMCID: PMC6579591 DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2019.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study explores the variety of information formats used and audiences targeted by public health faculty in the process of disseminating research. Methods The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with twelve faculty members in the School of Public Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago, asking them about their research practices, habits, and preferences. Results Faculty scholars disseminate their research findings in a variety of formats intended for multiple audiences, including not only their peers in academia, but also public health practitioners, policymakers, government and other agencies, and community partners. Conclusion Librarians who serve public health faculty should bear in mind the diversity of faculty's information needs when designing and improving library services and resources, particularly those related to research dissemination and knowledge translation. Promising areas for growth in health sciences libraries include supporting data visualization, measuring the impact of non-scholarly publications, and promoting institutional repositories for dissemination of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Hanneke
- Assistant Professor and Information Services/Liaison Librarian, Library of the Health Sciences, MC 763, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1750 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612,
| | - Jeanne M Link
- Assistant Professor and Head Librarian, Information Services and Research, Library of the Health Sciences, MC 763, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1750 West Polk Street, Chicago, IL 60612,
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Sutherland RL, Nathan NK, Lubans DR, Cohen K, Davies LJ, Desmet C, Cohen J, McCarthy NJ, Butler P, Wiggers J, Wolfenden L. An RCT to Facilitate Implementation of School Practices Known to Increase Physical Activity. Am J Prev Med 2017; 53:818-828. [PMID: 29051015 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although comprehensive school-based physical activity interventions are efficacious when tested under research conditions, they often require adaptation in order for implementation at scale. This paper reports the effectiveness of an adapted efficacious school-based intervention in improving children's moderate to vigorous physical activity. The impact of strategies to support program implementation was also assessed. DESIGN A cluster RCT of low socioeconomic elementary schools in New South Wales, Australia. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Consenting schools were randomized (25 intervention, 21 control) using a computerized random number function. Follow-up measures were taken at 6 months post-randomization (May-August 2015) by blinded research assistants. The multicomponent school-based intervention, based on an efficacious school-based physical activity program (Supporting Children's Outcomes using Rewards, Exercise and Skills), consisted of four physical activity strategies and seven implementation support strategies. The intervention was adapted for scalability and delivery by a local health service over 6 months. The primary outcome was accelerometer assessed, student mean daily minutes spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity. Physical education lesson quality and other school physical activity practices were also assessed. RESULTS Participants (n=1,139, 49% male) were third- through sixth-grade students at follow-up (May-August 2015). Valid wear time and analysis of data were provided for 989 (86%) participants (571 intervention, 568 control). At 6-month follow-up, there were no significant effects in overall daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity between groups (1.96 minutes, 95% CI= -3.49, 7.41, p=0.48). However, adjusted difference in mean minutes of overall vigorous physical activity (2.19, 95% CI=0.06, 4.32, p=0.04); mean minutes of school day moderate to vigorous physical activity (2.90, 95% CI=0.06, 5.85, p=0.05); and mean minutes of school day vigorous physical activity (1.81, 95% CI=0.78, 2.83, p≤0.01) were significantly different in favor of the intervention group. Physical education lesson quality and school physical activity practices were significantly different favoring the intervention group (analyzed October 2015-January 2016). CONCLUSIONS The modified intervention was not effective in increasing children's overall daily minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity, when adapted for implementation at scale. However, the intervention did improve daily minutes of vigorous physical activity and school day moderate to vigorous physical activity, lesson quality, and school physical activity practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12615000437561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Sutherland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia;.
| | - Nicole K Nathan
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lynda J Davies
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clare Desmet
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Cohen
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole J McCarthy
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Butler
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Stoneham MJ, Kite J. Changing the knowledge translation landscape through blogging. Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 41:333-334. [PMID: 28245523 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Stoneham
- Public Health Advocacy Institute of Western Australia, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - James Kite
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales
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12
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Yousefi Nooraie R, Lohfeld L, Marin A, Hanneman R, Dobbins M. Informing the implementation of evidence-informed decision making interventions using a social network analysis perspective; a mixed-methods study. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:122. [PMID: 28178958 PMCID: PMC5299784 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workforce development is an important aspect of evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) interventions. The structure of formal and informal social networks can influence, and be influenced, by the implementation of EIDM interventions. Methods In a mixed methods study we assessed the outcomes of a targeted training intervention to promote EIDM among the staff in three public health units in Ontario, Canada. This report focuses on the qualitative phase of the study in which key staff were interviewed about the process of engagement in the intervention, communications during the intervention, and social consequences. Results Senior managers identified staff to take part in the intervention. Engagement was a top-down process determined by the way organizational leaders promoted EIDM and the relevance of staff’s jobs to EIDM. Communication among staff participating in the workshops and ongoing progress meetings was influential in overcoming personal and normative barriers to implementing EIDM, and promoted the formation of long-lasting social connections among staff. Organization-wide presentations and meetings facilitated the recognition of expertise that the trained staff gained, including their reputation as experts according to their peers in different divisions. Conclusion Selective training and capacity development interventions can result in forming an elite versus ordinary pattern that facilitates the recognition of in-house qualified experts while also strengthening social status inequality. The role of leadership in public health units is pivotal in championing and overseeing the implementation process. Network analysis can guide and inform the design, process, and evaluation of the EIDM training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Yousefi Nooraie
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,, 175 Longwood Road South, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada.
| | - Lynne Lohfeld
- Queen's University Belfast, Centre for Public Health, Belfast, UK
| | - Alexandra Marin
- Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Hanneman
- Department of Sociology, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Maureen Dobbins
- School of Nursing and Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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D’Andreta D, Marabelli M, Newell S, Scarbrough H, Swan J. Dominant Cognitive Frames and the Innovative Power of Social Networks. ORGANIZATION STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0170840615613374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we illustrate the link between social network structures, dominant cognitive frames on network purpose and the innovative power of a network, through a mixed-method comparative analysis of two knowledge translation networks (KTNs) in the English National Health Service (NHS). Our findings illustrate several challenges for networked forms of organization linked to different manifestations of social networks (centralized/decentralized) and dominant cognitive frames (polarizing/loosely clustered). Our paper contributes a better understanding of how dominant frames on network purpose emerge alongside the development of network structure itself, and explores how this interplay between dominant frames and social networks impacts upon the collaborative work that supports the network’s innovative power.
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Berger-González M, Stauffacher M, Zinsstag J, Edwards P, Krütli P. Transdisciplinary Research on Cancer-Healing Systems Between Biomedicine and the Maya of Guatemala: A Tool for Reciprocal Reflexivity in a Multi-Epistemological Setting. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2016; 26:77-91. [PMID: 26679941 DOI: 10.1177/1049732315617478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Transdisciplinarity (TD) is a participatory research approach in which actors from science and society work closely together. It offers means for promoting knowledge integration and finding solutions to complex societal problems, and can be applied within a multiplicity of epistemic systems. We conducted a TD process from 2011 to 2014 between indigenous Mayan medical specialists from Guatemala and Western biomedical physicians and scientists to study cancer. Given the immense cultural gap between the partners, it was necessary to develop new methods to overcome biases induced by ethnocentric behaviors and power differentials. This article describes this intercultural cooperation and presents a method of reciprocal reflexivity (Bidirectional Emic-Etic tool) developed to overcome them. As a result of application, researchers observed successful knowledge integration at the epistemic level, the social-organizational level, and the communicative level throughout the study. This approach may prove beneficial to others engaged in facilitating participatory health research in complex intercultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cooke J, Ariss S, Smith C, Read J. On-going collaborative priority-setting for research activity: a method of capacity building to reduce the research-practice translational gap. Health Res Policy Syst 2015; 13:25. [PMID: 25948236 PMCID: PMC4455707 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-015-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International policy suggests that collaborative priority setting (CPS) between researchers and end users of research should shape the research agenda, and can increase capacity to address the research-practice translational gap. There is limited research evidence to guide how this should be done to meet the needs of dynamic healthcare systems. One-off priority setting events and time-lag between decision and action prove problematic. This study illustrates the use of CPS in a UK research collaboration called Collaboration and Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC). METHODS Data were collected from a north of England CLAHRC through semi-structured interviews with 28 interviewees and a workshop of key stakeholders (n = 21) including academics, NHS clinicians, and managers. Documentary analysis of internal reports and CLAHRC annual reports for the first two and half years was also undertaken. These data were thematically coded. RESULTS Methods of CPS linked to the developmental phase of the CLAHRC. Early methods included pre-existing historical partnerships with on-going dialogue. Later, new platforms for on-going discussions were formed. Consensus techniques with staged project development were also used. All methods demonstrated actual or potential change in practice and services. Impact was enabled through the flexibility of research and implementation work streams; 'matched' funding arrangements to support alignment of priorities in partner organisations; the size of the collaboration offering a resource to meet project needs; and the length of the programme providing stability and long term relationships. Difficulties included tensions between being responsive to priorities and the possibility of 'drift' within project work, between academics and practice, and between service providers and commissioners in the health services. Providing protected 'matched' time proved difficult for some NHS managers, which put increasing work pressure on them. CPS is more time consuming than traditional approaches to project development. CONCLUSIONS CPS can produce needs-led projects that are bedded in services using a variety of methods. Contributing factors for effective CPS include flexibility in use and type of available resources, flexible work plans, and responsive leadership. The CLAHRC model provides a translational infrastructure that enables CPS that can impact on healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Cooke
- NIHR Collaboration and Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care for Yorkshire and Humber (CLAHRC YH), Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2JF, UK.
- STH NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2JF, UK.
- Sheffield Hallam University, Robert Winston Building, Collegiate Crescent Campus Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2 BP, UK.
| | - Steven Ariss
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Christine Smith
- Barnsley Hospital Foundation Trust, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK.
| | - Jennifer Read
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
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Lohan M, Aventin Á, Oliffe JL, Han CS, Bottorff JL. Knowledge translation in men's health research: development and delivery of content for use online. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e31. [PMID: 25642787 PMCID: PMC4327186 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Men can be hard to reach with face-to-face health-related information, while increasingly, research shows that they are seeking health information from online sources. Recognizing this trend, there is merit in developing innovative online knowledge translation (KT) strategies capable of translating research on men’s health into engaging health promotion materials. While the concept of KT has become a new mantra for researchers wishing to bridge the gap between research evidence and improved health outcomes, little is written about the process, necessary skills, and best practices by which researchers can develop online knowledge translation. Objective Our aim was to illustrate some of the processes and challenges involved in, and potential value of, developing research knowledge online to promote men’s health. Methods We present experiences of KT across two case studies of men’s health. First, we describe a study that uses interactive Web apps to translate knowledge relating to Canadian men’s depression. Through a range of mechanisms, study findings were repackaged with the explicit aim of raising awareness and reducing the stigma associated with men’s depression and/or help-seeking. Second, we describe an educational resource for teenage men about unintended pregnancy, developed for delivery in the formal Relationship and Sexuality Education school curricula of Ireland, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom), and South Australia. The intervention is based around a Web-based interactive film drama entitled “If I Were Jack”. Results For each case study, we describe the KT process and strategies that aided development of credible and well-received online content focused on men’s health promotion. In both case studies, the original research generated the inspiration for the interactive online content and the core development strategy was working with a multidisciplinary team to develop this material through arts-based approaches. In both cases also, there is an acknowledgment of the need for gender and culturally sensitive information. Both aimed to engage men by disrupting stereotypes about men, while simultaneously addressing men through authentic voices and faces. Finally, in both case studies we draw attention to the need to think beyond placement of content online to delivery to target audiences from the outset. Conclusions The case studies highlight some of the new skills required by academics in the emerging paradigm of translational research and contribute to the nascent literature on KT. Our approach to online KT was to go beyond dissemination and diffusion to actively repackage research knowledge through arts-based approaches (videos and film scripts) as health promotion tools, with optimal appeal, to target male audiences. Our findings highlight the importance of developing a multidisciplinary team to inform the design of content, the importance of adaptation to context, both in terms of the national implementation context and consideration of gender-specific needs, and an integrated implementation and evaluation framework in all KT work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lohan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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17
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Visram S, Goodall D, Steven A. Exploring conceptualizations of knowledge translation, transfer and exchange across public health in one UK region: a qualitative mapping study. Public Health 2014; 128:497-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Long JC, Cunningham FC, Carswell P, Braithwaite J. Patterns of collaboration in complex networks: the example of a translational research network. BMC Health Serv Res 2014; 14:225. [PMID: 24885971 PMCID: PMC4033678 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-14-225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper examines collaboration in a complex translational cancer research network (TRN) made up of a range of hospital-based clinicians and university-based researchers. We examine the phenomenon of close-knit and often introspective clusters of people (silos) and test the extent that factors associated with this clustering (geography, profession and past experience) influence patterns of current and future collaboration on TRN projects. Understanding more of these patterns, especially the gaps or barriers between members, will help network leaders to manage subgroups and promote connectivity crucial to efficient network function. METHODS An on-line, whole network survey was used to collect attribute and relationship data from all members of the new TRN based in New South Wales, Australia in early 2012. The 68 members were drawn from six separate hospital and university campuses. Social network analysis with UCInet tested the effects of geographic proximity, profession, past research experience, strength of ties and previous collaborations on past, present and future intended partnering. RESULTS Geographic proximity and past working relationships both had significant effects on the choice of current collaboration partners. Future intended collaborations included a significant number of weak ties and ties based on other members' reputations implying that the TRN has provided new opportunities for partnership. Professional grouping, a significant barrier discussed in the translational research literature, influenced past collaborations but not current or future collaborations, possibly through the mediation of network brokers. CONCLUSIONS Since geographic proximity is important in the choice of collaborators a dispersed network such as this could consider enhancing cross site interactions by improving virtual communication technology and use, increasing social interactions apart from project related work, and maximising opportunities to meet members from other sites. Key network players have an important brokerage role facilitating linkages between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Long
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia.
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19
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Scarbrough H, D’Andreta D, Evans S, Marabelli M, Newell S, Powell J, Swan J. Networked innovation in the health sector: comparative qualitative study of the role of Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care in translating research into practice. HEALTH SERVICES AND DELIVERY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3310/hsdr02130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCollaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs) were an initiative of the National Institute for Health Research in response to a new research and development strategy in the NHS: ‘Best Research for Best Health’. They were designed to address the ‘second gap in translation’ identified by the Cooksey review; namely, the need to improve health care in the UK by translating clinical research into practice more effectively. Nine CLAHRCs, each encompassing a university in partnership with local NHS bodies, were funded over the period 2008–13.AimsThe aim of this report is to provide an independent and theory-based evaluation of CLAHRCs as a new form of networked innovation in the health sector. This evaluation is based on an intensive research study involving three CLAHRCs in the UK and three international organisations (one in the USA and two in Canada). This study was carried out over two overlapping time phases so as to capture changes in the CLAHRCs over time. Networked innovation in the health sector is conceptualised as involving the translation of knowledge via informal social networks.MethodsA mix of research methods was used to help ensure the validity and generalisability of the study. These methods addressed the development of each CLAHRC over time, over multiple levels of analysis, and with particular reference to the translation of knowledge across the groups involved, and the quality of the informal underpinning network ties that supported such translation. Research methods, therefore, included a qualitative enquiry based on case studies and case analysis, cognitive mapping methods, and social network analysis.FindingsThrough our study, we found that each one of our samples of CLAHRCs appropriated the CLAHRC idea in a particular way, depending on their different interpretations or ‘visions’ of the CLAHRC’s role in knowledge translation (KT), and different operating models of how such visions could be achieved. These helped to shape the development of social networks (centralised vs. decentralised) and each CLAHRC’s approach to KT activity (‘bridging’ vs. ‘blurring’ the boundaries between professional groups). Through a comparative analysis, we develop an analytical model of the resultant capabilities which each case, including our international sites, developed for undertaking innovation, encompassing a combination of both ‘integrative capability’ (the ability to move back and forth between scientific evidence and practical application) and ‘relational capability’ (the ability of groups and organisations to work together). This extends previous models of KT by highlighting the effects of leadership and management, and the emergence of social network structures. We further highlight the implications of this analysis for policy and practice by discussing how network structures and boundary-spanning roles and activities can be tailored to different KT objectives.ConclusionsDifferent interpretations and enactments of the CLAHRC mission ultimately led to differing capabilities for KT among our studied initiatives. Further research could usefully explore how these different capabilities are produced, and how they may be more or less appropriate for particular national health-care settings, with a view to improving the design blueprint for future KT initiatives.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Evans
- Warwick Business School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Marco Marabelli
- Information and Process Management Department, Bentley College, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Sue Newell
- Warwick Business School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Management Department, Bentley College, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - John Powell
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacky Swan
- Warwick Business School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
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Munerol L, Cambon L, Alla F. Le courtage en connaissances, définition et mise en œuvre?: une revue de la littérature. SANTE PUBLIQUE 2013. [DOI: 10.3917/spub.135.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Luke DA, Stamatakis KA. Systems science methods in public health: dynamics, networks, and agents. Annu Rev Public Health 2012; 33:357-76. [PMID: 22224885 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Complex systems abound in public health. Complex systems are made up of heterogeneous elements that interact with one another, have emergent properties that are not explained by understanding the individual elements of the system, persist over time, and adapt to changing circumstances. Public health is starting to use results from systems science studies to shape practice and policy, for example in preparing for global pandemics. However, systems science study designs and analytic methods remain underutilized and are not widely featured in public health curricula or training. In this review we present an argument for the utility of systems science methods in public health, introduce three important systems science methods (system dynamics, network analysis, and agent-based modeling), and provide three case studies in which these methods have been used to answer important public health science questions in the areas of infectious disease, tobacco control, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Luke
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63112, USA.
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22
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Long JC, Cunningham FC, Braithwaite J. Network structure and the role of key players in a translational cancer research network: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2012; 2:bmjopen-2012-001434. [PMID: 22734122 PMCID: PMC3383981 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Translational research networks are a deliberate strategy to bridge the gulf between biomedical research and clinical practice through interdisciplinary collaboration, supportive funding and infrastructure. The social network approach examines how the structure of the network and players who hold important positions within it constrain or enable function. This information can be used to guide network management and optimise its operations. The aim of this study was to describe the structure of a translational cancer research network (TCRN) in Australia over its first year, identify the key players within the network and explore these players' opportunities and constraints in maximising important network collaborations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study deploys a mixed-method longitudinal design using social network analysis augmented by interviews and review of TCRN documents. The study will use network documents and interviews with governing body members to explore the broader context into which the network is embedded as well as the perceptions and expectations of members. Of particular interest are the attitudes and perceptions of clinicians compared with those of researchers. A co-authorship network will be constructed of TCRN members using journal and citation databases to assess the success of past pre-network collaborations. Two whole network social network surveys will be administered 12 months apart and parameters such as density, clustering, centrality and betweenness centrality computed and compared using UCINET and Netdraw. Key players will be identified and interviewed to understand the specific activities, barriers and enablers they face in that role. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approvals were obtained from the University of New South Wales, South Eastern Sydney Northern Sector Local Health Network and Calvary Health Care Sydney. Results will be discussed with members of the TCRN, submitted to relevant journals and presented as oral presentations to clinicians, researchers and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Long
- Centre for Clinical Governance Research, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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Rivera MD, Birnbaum AS. Health promotion practice and the road ahead: addressing enduring gaps and encouraging greater practice-to-research translation. Health Promot Pract 2011; 11:779-83. [PMID: 21051330 DOI: 10.1177/1524839910380248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A decade ago, Lancaster and Roe described four critical gaps (i.e., communications, accessibility, credibility, and expectations) between research and practice in health education and health promotion that formed the framework for this department. Despite considerable attention and some progress, these gaps persist and are barriers to interaction and translation between health promotion and health education research and practice. Looking to the next several years as the new Associate Editors for this department, we renew the department's commitment toward addressing these enduring gaps around which we frame new questions and invite continued dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Rivera
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adult and Community Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Higgins JW, Strange K, Scarr J, Pennock M, Barr V, Yew A, Drummond J, Terpstra J. “It’s a Feel. That’s What a Lot of Our Evidence Would Consist of ”: Public Health Practitioners’ Perspectives on Evidence. Eval Health Prof 2011; 34:278-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0163278710393954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article describes how evidence is defined and used in two British Columbia public health departments during the implementation of a Healthy Living initiative in 2009. Through interviews with 21 public health staff and decision makers, the author sought to investigate how “evidence” was defined by both frontline and management staff and how it was used in decision making. The authors found public health staff, particularly frontline practitioners, to be drawn to grassroots and local “lived experience” evidence. This tacit wisdom, in combination with evidence from academia and clinical evidence accessed through disciplinary or professional networks, offered a knowledge transition opportunity to inform decision making, rather than what can be characterized in the literature as unidirectional knowledge translation. It is often difficult for staff to digest and interpret research as part of their work day because of the volume and density of information that typically counts as evidence. Moreover, there exist challenges to identify and gather indicators as evidence of their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Wharf Higgins
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Strange
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Scarr
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Victoria Barr
- School of Regional and Community Planning, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ann Yew
- School of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - Janine Drummond
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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