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Pellón-Elexpuru I, Van Dijk R, Van der Valk I, Martínez-Pampliega A, Molleda A, Cormenzana S. Divorce and physical health: A three-level meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med 2024; 352:117005. [PMID: 38824838 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Divorce is often considered a major and stressful life transition. Given that divorcees are overrepresented in primary care and there is a association between individuals' physical health and psychological adjustment, potential post-divorce health problems are of concern. Yet, empirical evidence is lacking on the magnitude of the overall physical health risk after divorce, on possible differences across specific pathologies, and on factors that may increase or reduce this risk. The current meta-analysis addresses these issues. We identified 94 studies including u = 248 relevant effect sizes, based on N = 1,384,507 participants. Generally, compared to married individuals, divorcees showed significantly worse self-reported health (OR = 1.20, [1.08-1.33]), experienced more physical symptoms (OR = 1.34, [1.17-1.53]), and had a higher risk for diabetes (OR = 1.18 [1.05-1.33]), joint pathologies (OR = 1.24, [1.14-1.34]), cardiovascular (OR = 1.24, [1.09-1.41]) and cerebrovascular conditions (OR = 1.31, [1.14-1.51]), and sexually transmitted diseases (OR = 2.48, [1.32-4.64]). However, they had no increased risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer and cancer development, disabilities or limitations, or cognitive pathologies. Nor did divorcees significantly differ from married individuals when aggregating all pathologies to measure overall physical health problems (OR = 1.14, [0.85 to 1.54]). Yet, moderation analyses revealed that being female, unemployed, childless, or having a lower education constitutes a higher risk for overall physical health problems after divorce. The same applied to having a heavy alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and being overweight. Our meta-analysis shows that divorcees are at heightened risk of certain pathologies, with sexually transmitted diseases as a particular post-divorce hazard. These findings call for more awareness among counsellors and physicians on divorcees' health conditions and the characteristics that make divorcees even more vulnerable to health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rianne Van Dijk
- Youth&Family Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Van der Valk
- Youth&Family Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Asier Molleda
- Deusto FamilyPsych, Deusto University, Bilbao, Spain
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2
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Du S. (Un)Health from parental intervention: Does the marriage formation pathway influence married people's health? Soc Sci Med 2023; 336:116250. [PMID: 37776782 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between marriage and its health consequences has been well documented. Yet, little is known about whether health disparities still exist among married people due to different marriage formation pathways. Using data from a special module of the Chinese General Social Survey, this study examines the health effects of parental intervention in children's marriage formation. Results show that parental intervention in marriage formation is negatively associated with married people's self-rated health, but the association disappears after the selection effect is controlled for. These results suggest that the selection effect largely explains the association between parent-intervened marriage and its negative health outcomes among married people. That is to say, people with poorer health are more likely to rely on their parents for marriage formation. The findings are found in both husbands and wives and hold robust in multiple robustness tests. This study extends marriage-health research from the comparison between married and single people to the comparison within the married group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Du
- Department of Sociology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Epstein M, Kosterman R, Catalano RF. The Potential for Prevention Science in Middle and Late Adulthood: a Commentary on the Special Issue of Prevention Science. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:808-816. [PMID: 37166533 PMCID: PMC10173221 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This commentary on the special issue of Prevention Science, "Toward a Lifespan Prevention Science: A Focus on Middle and Late Adulthood" reviews the studies included in the issue, compares findings, and makes recommendations for future directions in this emerging field. Articles in this issue addressed a number of the key elements of prevention science, including identifying proximal and distal risk and protective factors that play a role in middle and late adult health and well-being, providing preliminary evidence for a preventive intervention to moderate stress reactivity, and proposing a theoretical approach to preventing substance misuse across the lifespan. Our commentary centers around three critical areas for mid and later life prevention science: the importance of theory building, a focus on alcohol and its role in midlife health, and health disparities. Each of the articles in this issue touched on at least one of these areas. We conclude that a focus on prevention in mid and later life has strong potential, and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Ste. 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Ste. 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Ste. 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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Fafard St-Germain AA, Busby K, Urquia ML. Marital status, immigration, and reproductive health among adolescent mothers in Canada, 1990-2018: A population-based, observational study. Prev Med 2022; 164:107315. [PMID: 36273618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immigrants to Canada increasingly come from regions where child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent. We described the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and reproductive health correlates of marriage among births to Canadian-born and foreign-born adolescent mothers. Using Canadian birth registrations from 1990 to 2018, marriage prevalence, parental birth region, and parental age gap were examined by maternal birthplace (Canada and 12 world regions) among births to mothers <18 years. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), and repeat birth were estimated for the joint associations of adolescent maternal age group (<18-year, 18-19-year, and 20-24-year), marriage, and nativity status (n = 1,904,200). Depending on maternal birthplace, marital births represented 2.6% to 81.8% of births to mothers <18 years. Marriage among mothers giving birth at <18 years was associated with higher proportions of parents from the same birthplace and larger parental age gaps. AORs of PTB tended to increase with lower maternal age. AORs of SGA were generally higher among births to foreign-born mothers. Marriage was associated with lower AORs of PTB and SGA among births to Canadian-born mothers and PTB among births to foreign-born mothers in the older adolescent age groups, but no association existed in the <18-year group. Marriage was positively associated with repeat birth in all adolescent age groups, with stronger associations in the <18-year group. The reproductive health correlates of marriage are similar between births to Canadian-born and foreign-born mothers <18 years but some differ between births to mothers <18 years and those to older adolescent mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Fafard St-Germain
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Karen Busby
- Faculty of Law, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Marcelo L Urquia
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Age, ethnicity, life events and wellbeing among New Zealand women. AGEING & SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x22000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
By the year 2030, 19–21 per cent of the population of New Zealand (NZ) is projected to be aged 65 and over. Like many countries, life expectancy in NZ differs by gender but also ethnicity: in 2019, life expectancy for Māori (indigenous) women was 77.1 years compared with 84.4 years for non-Māori women. If Māori and NZ European women are to flourish in later life, examining the factors associated with their wellbeing is paramount. The current study draws on the Life Course Perspective to explore how wellbeing is associated with age-related life events among mid- to later-life NZ women. The women in this study (N = 19,624) are participants in the 2018 wave of the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study, a national probabilistic 20-year longitudinal study (mean age = 55.62; Māori = 10.8%, NZ European = 89.2%). We found that stressful life events were negatively associated with life satisfaction but positively associated with meaning in life. Māori women exhibited lower levels of life satisfaction but there were no ethnic differences for meaning in life; however, Māori and NZ European women showed different patterns of significant correlates associated with meaning in life. Findings highlight the necessity of an intersectional approach to the study of mid- to later-life wellbeing and the utility of measuring wellbeing in more than one way within NZ's unique cultural-historical context.
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Downward P, Rasciute S, Kumar H. Mental health and satisfaction with partners: a longitudinal analysis in the UK. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:15. [PMID: 35086553 PMCID: PMC8793196 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current UK health policy stresses treating health as an asset to underpin and promote a more inclusive and productive society. The quality of personal relationships is essential for overall quality of life. The social determinants of health (SDH) literature shows that poor mental health and well-being are linked to weaker personal and social connections for individuals, families, and society. The causal impact that mental health has on satisfaction with partners is less understood but requires investigation. METHODS The causal relationship between mental health and satisfaction with partners is examined drawing on the United Kingdom's British Household Panel Survey from 1991 to 2008. A total sample of 9,024 individuals in dyadic couples comprising 42,464 observations was analysed using fixed-effects and instrumental variable fixed-effects panel data estimation. RESULTS Lower mental health is associated with a lower satisfaction with partners. However, some causal evidence of lower mental health reducing satisfaction with partners is present for males. DISCUSSION For females, relationship satisfaction is more likely to influence mental health. For males there is a potential 'vicious circle' between satisfaction with partners and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Investment in mental health provision can improve satisfaction with partners which in turn will further enhance health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Downward
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Simona Rasciute
- School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Economics, Policy and International Business, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK
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Seematter-Bagnoud L, Santos-Eggimann B, Nanchen D, Blanco JM, Büla C, von Gunten A, Démonet JF, Henchoz Y. Older People's Health-Related Behaviors: Evidence from Three Cohorts of the Lc65+ Study. Behav Med 2021; 47:246-250. [PMID: 32078491 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1684234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Baby-boomers might be more health-conscious than earlier birth cohorts, but limited evidence has been produced so far. To investigate such changes, this study compared health-related behaviors at age 65 to 70 among three successive five-year birth cohorts (pre-war: born 1934-1938; war: born 1939-1943 and baby-boom: born 1944-1948) representative of the community-dwelling population. Information about alcohol use, smoking, physical activity, and nutrition was compared across the three cohorts (n = 4,270 participants) using Chi-squared test. Alcohol and the mean nutritional intake score did not vary across cohorts, whereas the consumption of nonalcoholic drinks increased significantly from pre-war to war and to baby-boom cohort (p<.001). Other differences across cohorts were observed only in women: the proportion of women who never or rarely engaged in sports decreased from 52.9% in the pre-war cohort to around 43% in subsequent cohorts (p<.001), while the proportion of women who had never smoked was higher in the pre-war cohort (56.1%) than in the war and the baby-boom cohorts (49.8% and 46.8%, respectively, p<.001). Overall, these results show some positive changes in older persons' health behaviors over time. Nevertheless, considerable room remains for improving lifestyles through public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Seematter-Bagnoud
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne.,Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre
| | | | - David Nanchen
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne
| | - Juan-Manuel Blanco
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne
| | - Christophe Büla
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old-Age Psychiatry, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre
| | | | - Yves Henchoz
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne
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8
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Rauer A, Fiori KL. The legacy of those we love(d) and lost. J Women Aging 2021; 33:119-121. [PMID: 33635740 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2021.1893490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Rauer
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
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9
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Newton NJ, Ottley KM, Williams SK, Hill T. Women coming to terms with aging: the importance of psychosocial factors. J Women Aging 2021; 34:123-137. [PMID: 33417514 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2020.1855049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies concerning the process of aging for women tend to focus on age-related physical changes and their correlates, often overlooking the psychosocial aspects of aging. The current study aims to understand women's experiences of aging, while also validating recently developed separate Q-sort scales of ego integrity and despair. Data drawn from a larger study of older college-educated women were used to examine relationships between health, concern about aging, ego integrity, despair, and well-being. Hierarchical linear regression results indicate that despair - but not ego integrity - was related to well-being over and above health status and levels of aging concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky J Newton
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Samantha K Williams
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Hill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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10
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Almeida DM, Charles ST, Mogle J, Drewelies J, Aldwin CM, Spiro A, Gerstorf D. Charting adult development through (historically changing) daily stress processes. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020; 75:511-524. [PMID: 32378946 PMCID: PMC7213066 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This article views adult development through the lens of daily life experiences and recent historical changes in these experiences. In particular, it examines whether theories that postulate general linear increases in well-being throughout adulthood still hold during times of less prosperity and more uncertainty. Descriptive analyses of the National Study of Daily Experiences chart show how stress in the daily lives of Americans may have changed from the 1990s (N = 1,499) to the 2010s (N = 782). Results revealed that adults in the 2010s reported experiencing stressors on 2% more days than in the 1990s, which translates to an additional week of stressors across a year. Participants in the 2010s also reported that stressors were more severe and posed more risks to future plans and finances and that they experienced more distress. These historical changes were particularly pronounced among middle-aged adults (e.g., proportion of stressor days increased by 19%, and perceived risks to finances and to future plans rose by 61% and 52%, respectively). As a consequence, age-related linear increases in well-being observed from young adulthood to midlife in the 1990s were no longer observed in the 2010s. If further studies continue to replicate our findings, traditional theories of adult well-being that were developed and empirically tested during times of relative economic prosperity may need to be reevaluated in light of the changes in middle adulthood currently observed in this historic period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Almeida
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University
| | - Susan T Charles
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jacqueline Mogle
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University
| | | | - Carolyn M Aldwin
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University
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Li M, Han M, Chen Z, Tang Y, Ma J, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zhang N, Xi C, Liu J, Tian D, Wang X, Huang X, Chen J, Wang W, Zhai S. Does marital status correlate with the female breast cancer risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229899. [PMID: 32134997 PMCID: PMC7058335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate that whether an association between marital status and the female breast cancer risk exists. METHODS The MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched from their inception to July 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to rate the methodological quality of included studies. Study data were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses to compare the breast cancer risk between unmarried, widowed, divorced or lifelong single women and married women. This study is registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42018112368). RESULTS Forty-nine publications were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with married women, unmarried and lifelong single women had an elevated risk of breast cancer, and the pooled ORs of case-control studies were 1.20 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.35) and 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.45), respectively. In the subgroup analyses under these two comparisons, hospital-based estimates and multivariate-adjusted estimates demonstrated a strong association, while population-based estimates and age-adjusted estimates produced nonsignificant results. The pooled OR of cohort studies examining the effect of being a lifelong single woman was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.16). Heterogeneity was moderate to substantial across case-control studies (I2: 46% to 82%), which may be partially explained by differences in geographic regions, publication years and control types. Possible publication bias was indicated by the funnel plot and Egger's test (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Marital status may correlate with the risk of developing female breast cancer. However, suboptimal selection of controls, insufficient exploration of confounding effects, inadequate ascertainment of marital status, and possible publication bias may have limited the quality of the available evidence. Overall, conclusions that marital status is an independent risk factor for breast cancer could not be drawn, and further prospective rigorous cohort studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Mei Han
- Center for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Zijie Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Oncology, Chaoyang District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Beijing City, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jie Ma
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Zhenzhu Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Chongcheng Xi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jintao Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Dong Tian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- School of Management, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xunying Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Center for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Shuangqing Zhai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P.R.China
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12
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Henchoz Y, von Gunten A, Büla C, Seematter-Bagnoud L, Nanchen D, Démonet JF, Blanco JM, Santos-Eggimann B. Do baby boomers feel healthier than earlier cohorts after retirement age? The Lausanne cohort Lc65+ study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025175. [PMID: 30782927 PMCID: PMC6368217 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the popular belief that baby boomers are ageing in better health than previous generations, limited scientific evidence is available since baby boomers have turned retirement age only recently. This study aimed to compare self-reported health status at ages 65-70 years among three cohorts of older people born before, during and at the end (baby boomers) of the Second World War. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING Community in a region of French-speaking Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults who enrolled in the Lausanne cohort 65+ study at ages 65-70 years in 2004 (n=1561), 2009 (n=1489) or 2014 (n=1678). OUTCOMES Number of self-reported chronic conditions (from a list of 11) and chronic symptoms (from a list of 11); depressive symptoms; self-rated health (very good, good, average, poor or very poor); fear of disease (not afraid at all, barely afraid, a bit afraid, quite afraid or very afraid); self-perception of ageing; disability in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. RESULTS There was no significant difference between cohorts in the number of self-reported chronic conditions and chronic symptoms as well as the presence of difficulty in basic activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, fear of disease and negative self-perception of ageing. In women only, significant differences between cohorts were observed in self-rated health (p=0.005) and disability in instrumental activities of daily living (p=0.003), but these associations did not remain significant in logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and unhealthy behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Despite important sociodemographic differences between older baby boomers and earlier cohorts, most health indicators did not suggest any trend towards a compression of morbidity. Future studies comparing these three cohorts at more advanced age are required to further investigate whether differences emerge later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Henchoz
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Büla
- Service of Geriatric Medicine and Geriatric Rehabilitation, University of Lausanne Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Seematter-Bagnoud
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Nanchen
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Francois Démonet
- Leenaards Memory Centre, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan-Manuel Blanco
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Santos-Eggimann
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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The Relation of Physical Activity and Self-Rated Health in Older Age - Cross Country Analysis Results from SHARE. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12062-019-09242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Fan H, Wang J, Gu X. Association between social determinants and the presence of essential hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Aust J Prim Health 2019; 25:146-151. [PMID: 30711019 DOI: 10.1071/py18091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the association between social determinants and the presence of essential hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in one rural county (Jintan) of China. A health survey of Jintan residents was conducted in 2013, applying a cluster sampling method. Three hundred and fifty-seven type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were selected as research subjects. Among the patients selected, essential hypertension prevalence was 45.4% (n=162). After univariate analyses and logistic regression analyses, an association was observed between the presence of essential hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and marital status, described as 'others (unmarried, divorce, widower, etc.)', and participating in active physical activity. Both of these two significant variables were positively associated with the higher prevalence of essential hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. In conclusion, the patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with essential hypertension often reported an association with more negative social determinants (with the exception of participation in physical activity). Further strengthening the comprehensive multi-disease management to control and reduce the prevalence of essential hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Gu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, P.R. China
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15
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Thomas AJ, Mitchell ES, Woods NF. Undesirable stressful life events, impact, and correlates during midlife: observations from the Seattle midlife women's health study. Womens Midlife Health 2019; 5:1. [PMID: 30766725 PMCID: PMC6318955 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-018-0045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the undesirable stressful life events midlife women experience, including: 1) which life events midlife women reported most frequently; 2) which life events women rated as most undesirable; and 3) whether age, years of education, income, employment, race/ethnicity, marital status, being a parent, and the menopausal transition stage were associated with the impact scores of the life event categories. BACKGROUND In addition to the menopausal transition, midlife is a time of increased responsibilities for women related to multiple roles such as taking care of children, caring for elderly parents, managing households, and working outside the home. These multiple roles put midlife women at risk for increased stress with little time for themselves in order to relieve stress. METHODS The sample used in this study is part of a larger longitudinal study, The Seattle Midlife Women's Health Study. Women (N = 380 for Occasion 1) completed the 77-item Life Events Scale on four occasions during the course of the SMWHS: Occasion 1 (1990), Occasion 2 (1992), Occasion 3 (1997), and Occasion 4 (2000). In addition to descriptive analyses of frequency of life events and the undesirable impact of life events, demographic correlates (age, education, income, employment, being a parent as well as marital status, race/ethnicity, and menopausal transition stages) were examined in relation to the stressful life event scores. RESULTS Highest scores of undesirable life events were for categories of both Financial and Family/Friends over 3 of the 4 occasions. Health and Crime/Legal scores were among the highest for 2 occasions. Impact of the undesirable stressful life events was greatest for categories of Family/Friends; Personal/Social; Work; and, Health. Age, income, marital status, being a parent, and menopausal transition stage were each associated with specific categories of the stressful event impact scores. CONCLUSION Most commonly reported undesirable life events were not those women described as having the greatest impact. Impact of life event stress reflected women's social roles and connections as seen in the categories with the highest impact scores: Family/Close Friends, Personal/Social, and Work. Menopausal transition stages were related only to undesirable health events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nancy Fugate Woods
- Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Hearing loss, family status and mortality - Findings from the HUNT study, Norway. Soc Sci Med 2018; 220:219-225. [PMID: 30463047 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss as well as being single has been associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. The purpose of the study is to assess whether being single or childless moderates the elevated risk of mortality in hearing impaired. The Nord-Trøndelag hearing Loss Study examined 50,462 persons above 20 years of age during 1996-1998. The Norwegian Cause of Death Registry was used to identify deaths until 2016. Data on marital status was obtained from the Norwegian Population Registry. Hearing loss was defined as the pure-tone average (0.5-4 kHz) of hearing thresholds greater than 25 dB hearing level (dB HL) in the better ear. Associations between hearing loss and mortality risk were estimated using Cox regression after an average follow-up of 17.6 years. Hearing loss was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality before 75 years of age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.4) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5-2.1) but not with cancer mortality (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9-1.3) or mortality due to injuries (HR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9-2.3). Adjusting for socio-economic characteristics, cardiovascular risk-factors, diseases, and family status, reduced the associations for all-cause mortality (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2-1.6). The adjusted mortality risk was found to be significantly related to family status. Being divorced raised the mortality risk associated with hearing loss among those below 75 years of age. There was a similar tendency also for being childless, although this was only significant for females. There was also a trend for a lower mortality related to hearing loss in subjects with a well-hearing partner. More focus should be given to those who lack a family when having functional limitations such as hearing impairment.
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Drewelies J, Agrigoroaei S, Lachman ME, Gerstorf D. Age variations in cohort differences in the United States: Older adults report fewer constraints nowadays than those 18 years ago, but mastery beliefs are diminished among younger adults. Dev Psychol 2018; 54:1408-1425. [PMID: 29952599 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Life Span psychological and life course sociological perspectives have long acknowledged that individual functioning is shaped by historical and sociocultural contexts. Secular increases favoring later-born cohorts are widely documented for fluid cognitive performance and well-being (among older adults). However, little is known about secular trends in other key resources of psychosocial function such as perceptions of control and whether historical changes have occurred in young, middle-aged, and older adults alike. To examine these questions, we compared data from two independent national samples of the Midlife in the United States survey obtained 18 years apart (1995/96 vs. 2013/14) and identified case-matched cohorts (per cohort, n = 2,223, aged = 23-75 years) based on age and gender. We additionally examined the role of economic resources for cohort differences in perceived mastery and constraints. Results revealed that older adults in later-born cohorts reported perceiving fewer constraints than did matched controls 18 years ago, with such positive secular trends being particularly pronounced among women. In contrast, younger adults reported perceiving more constraints in later-born cohorts than those 18 years ago and also reported perceiving lower mastery. We conclude from our national U.S. sample that secular trends generalize to central psychosocial resources across adulthood, such as perceptions of control, but are not unanimously positive. We discuss possible underlying mechanisms and practical implications. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Agrigoroaei
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain
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Shapiro GD, Bushnik T, Wilkins R, Kramer MS, Kaufman JS, Sheppard AJ, Yang S. Adverse birth outcomes in relation to maternal marital and cohabitation status in Canada. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:503-509.e11. [PMID: 29937402 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An increasing percentage of children are born to couples who cohabit but are not legally married. Using data from a nationally representative Canadian sample, we estimated associations of maternal marital and cohabitation status with stillbirth, infant mortality, preterm birth (PTB), and small- and large-for-gestational-age (SGA and LGA) birth. METHODS The 2006 Canadian Birth-Census Cohort was created by linking birth registration data with the 2006 long-form census. We used log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) for adverse birth outcomes associated with being single or living with a common-law partner. Analyses were adjusted for maternal age and education. RESULTS Data were analyzed for 130,931 singleton births. Adjusted RRs (95% confidence intervals) for single mothers compared with married mothers were 1.92 (1.51-2.42) for stillbirth, 2.08 (1.55-2.81) for infant mortality, 1.36 (1.27-1.46) for PTB, 1.31 (1.22-1.39) for SGA birth, and 0.95 (0.90-1.01) for LGA birth. Adjusted RRs for cohabiting mothers compared with married mothers were 0.93 (0.74-1.16) for stillbirth, 1.05 (0.81-1.35) for infant mortality, 1.09 (1.03-1.15) for PTB, 1.05 (0.99-1.10) for SGA birth, and 0.96 (0.92-1.00) for LGA birth. CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative Canadian birth cohort, cohabiting and legally married women experienced similar birth outcomes, but most outcomes for single women were substantially worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel D Shapiro
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Tracey Bushnik
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Wilkins
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda J Sheppard
- Aboriginal Cancer Control Unit, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seungmi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Milani SA, Crooke H, Cottler LB, Striley CW. Sex differences in frequent ED use among those with multimorbid chronic diseases. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:2127-2131. [PMID: 27592724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to examine the association between multimorbid chronic disease and frequency of past 6 months emergency department (ED) visits, by sex, in a community sample of adults from North Florida (N=7143). METHODS Data came from HealthStreet, a community engagement program at the University of Florida which uses the Community Health Worker Model to assess community member health conditions and concerns, and willingness to participate in health research. Using logistic regression, we estimated associations between multimorbid chronic disease and frequent ED use using sex as an effect modifier. RESULTS Multimorbid chronic disease was associated with frequent ED use overall, with a stronger association among men. Of the 7143 respondents, 14.4% were frequent ED users, 58.0% were female, and 61.5% were black non-Hispanic. Major findings included that women with 3+ chronic diseases were 2.49 (95% confidence interval, 1.7-3.6) times as likely as women without chronic diseases to report frequent ED use, compared with men with 3+ chronic diseases, who were 4.98 (95% confidence interval, 2.9-8.6) times as likely as men without chronic disease to report frequent ED use. CONCLUSIONS Multimorbid chronic disease is very strongly associated with frequent ED use among all, but the association is especially strong among men. Future research is needed to further understand this association and its implication for health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf A Milani
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology.
| | - Hannah Crooke
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Linda B Cottler
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology
| | - Catherine W Striley
- University of Florida, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology
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