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Gugushvili A, Präg P. Russia's invasion of Ukraine and perceived intergenerational mobility in Europe. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39020504 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we shed light on the social consequences the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has had in other European countries. We argue that positive perceptions of one's intergenerational mobility are linked with political and economic stability and that the war can thus be expected to impact intergenerational mobility perceptions. We test our pre-registered hypothesis with representative survey data from three European countries, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Sweden, which were significantly affected by the ongoing war. Our results show that individuals' war-related concerns in all countries are divided into proximal and distal concerns. In turn, proximal concerns go along with greater perceived downward and less perceived upward mobility in the United Kingdom and Germany. We interpret these findings by calling for expanding the horizons of intergenerational mobility research by incorporating areas of life other than socio-economic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Gugushvili
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrick Präg
- Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST), ENSAE, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
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Lemke J, D'Alessio AS, Briggs FBS, Bailey C. Influence of social determinants of health and adversity on computerized neurocognitive assessment. Clin Neuropsychol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38993089 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2024.2375801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Social determinants of health and adversity, including poverty, maltreatment, and neighborhood deprivation, are individual-level factors that may significantly affect baseline neurocognitive testing and management that have yet to be thoroughly explored within the computerized neurocognitive assessment.Objectives: Examine individual-level experiences of poverty, abuse, neighborhood deprivation, and social mobility on computerized cognitive testing.Methods: The sample included 3,845 student-athletes who completed a baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and were enrolled in the Child-Household Integrated Longitudinal Data database. Multivariable linear regressions were used to assess independent variables of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program enrollment, abuse or neglect cases, Area Deprivation Index scores, and other demographic factors on four baseline ImPACT composite scores: verbal and visual memory, visuomotor, and reaction time.Results: Individual-level factors of persistent poverty and neighborhood deprivation were associated with lower composite scores; however, upward social mobility was not significantly associated with cognitive performance. The effects of mother's race on computerized cognitive testing performance were attenuated when accounting for measures of adversity.Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of social determinants of health in computerized neurocognitive testing to ensure more culturally sensitive and precise understanding of athletic baselines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Lemke
- Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alena Sorensen D'Alessio
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Farren B S Briggs
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Bailey
- Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Neurological Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Gugushvili A. The heterogeneous well-being effects of intergenerational mobility perceptions. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:99-112. [PMID: 37466150 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231187345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals make comparisons with their parents which determine their intergenerational mobility perceptions, yet very little is known about the areas used for intergenerational comparison and whether these matter for individuals' well-being. In 2021 we commissioned a nationally representative survey in Georgia in which we explicitly asked 1159 individuals an open-ended question on the most important areas in their intergenerational comparisons. More than 170 types of answers were provided by respondents and many of these responses went beyond the standard indicators of intergenerational mobility. We show that the areas of intergenerational comparison significantly differ between those who perceive themselves as being downwardly and upwardly mobile or immobile using the measure of mobility previously validated in cross-national research. Using, among other statistical approaches, treatment effects estimators, we demonstrate that some areas of intergenerational comparison, particularly in terms of income attainment, are significantly and consistently associated with internationally validated measures of well-being.
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Gugushvili A, Jarosz E. A longitudinal study of perceived social position and health-related quality of life. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116446. [PMID: 38042026 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large body of evidence suggests that there is a social gradient in the association between perceived social position and various health outcomes. Yet only a fraction of this research uses longitudinal data, and these studies usually rely on two data points in time, consider a single health outcome measure, overlook non-linear effects of perceived social position, and come almost exclusively from the Western welfare democracies. METHODS Using data for 1921 individuals from three waves (2008, 2013, 2018) of the Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN), we fit between- and within-individuals hybrid-effects models with cluster-robust standard errors to investigate the association between one's perceived social position (self-placement on a socioeconomic hierarchy scale varying 1 to 10) and subsequent health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and its six components. RESULTS We find that the association between perceived social position and health-related quality of life is larger when estimated between individuals than within individuals, yet in fixed- and hybrid-effects models perceived social position remains significantly and negatively linked with both the aggregated NHP measure as well as with its components such as emotional reaction, physical abilities, sleep, and social isolation. We also identify that starting to perceive oneself at the lower end of the social hierarchy is associated with a deteriorating health-related quality of life but a change at the top of the perceived social hierarchy is not linked with an improvement in NHP scores. CONCLUSIONS We provide new evidence on the significant and non-linear links between perceived social position and health-related quality of life and highlight possible pathways linking these two aspects of individuals' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Gugushvili
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ewa Jarosz
- Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw, Poland
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Yang J, Zhong Q, Liao Z, Pan C, Fan Q. Socioeconomic deprivation, medical services accessibility, and income-related health inequality among older Chinese adults: evidence from a national longitudinal survey from 2011 to 2018. Fam Pract 2023; 40:671-681. [PMID: 36928561 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health inequality poses a challenge to improving the quality of life of older adults as well as the service system. The literature rarely explores the moderating role of medical services accessibility in the association between socioeconomic deprivation and health inequality. OBJECTIVE This study examines the socioeconomic deprivation and medical services accessibility associated with health inequality among older Chinese adults, which will contribute to the medical policy reform. METHODS Using data from the 2011, 2014, and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), we analyse 14,232 older adults. This paper uses a concentration index (CI) to measure the income-related health inequality among the target population and employs a recentered influence function-concentration index-ordinary least squares (RIF-CI-OLS) model to empirically analyse the correlation between socioeconomic deprivation and health inequality among older Chinese adults. Based on the correlation analysis, we discuss the moderating effect of medical services accessibility. RESULTS We find that health inequality exists among older Chinese adults and that the relative deprivation in socioeconomic status (SES) is significantly associated with health inequality (β∈ [0.1109, 0.1909], P < 0.01). The correlation between socioeconomic deprivation and health inequality is moderated by medical services accessibility, which means that an increase in medical services accessibility can weaken the correlation between socioeconomic deprivation and health inequality. CONCLUSION China needs an in-depth reform of its medical services accessibility system to promote the equitable distribution of medical services resources, strengthen medical costs and quality management, and ultimately mitigate the SES reason for health inequality among older Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Research Institute of Public Health and Social Security, School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Zhong
- Research Institute of Public Health and Social Security, School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zangyi Liao
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China
| | - Changjian Pan
- Economic Research Office, Tea Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Fan
- Dong Fureng Institute of Economic and Social Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Matamoros-Lima J, Willis GB, Moya M. Rising and falling on the social ladder: The bidimensional social mobility beliefs scale. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294676. [PMID: 38051711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent works in the field of Social Psychology have shown the importance of studying subjective social mobility from different perspectives. In the literature about subjective societal mobility, most of the research is focused on the mobility-immobility framing. However, several authors suggested studying social mobility beliefs effects differentiating according to mobility's trajectory, that is, upward (i.e., improving status over time) and downward (i.e., getting worse in status over time). The present research was motivated by the lack of measures that discriminate between beliefs in upward and downward societal mobility. Across two studies using different samples of the Spanish adult population, we examined both dimensions of social mobility beliefs and tested their predictive validity on other related constructs. In Study 1 (N = 164), with an EFA, we corroborated the independence between the two types of mobility. The internal structure was confirmed by a CFA in Study 2 (N = 400). Furthermore, it was shown that upward and downward mobility beliefs are differently related to other related constructs. The results from Studies 1-2 showed good convergent validity. In all correlations with the different constructs (attitudes towards inequality, meritocratic beliefs, justification of the economic system, and status anxiety) we found opposite direction effects for both types of societal mobility (upward and downward). The development of this new instrument can help to deepen our understanding of the psychosocial consequences of subjective social mobility, as well as to differentiate two processes that may have different consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Matamoros-Lima
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo B Willis
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Moya
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Kraft P, Kraft B. Exploring the relationship between multiple dimensions of subjective socioeconomic status and self-reported physical and mental health: the mediating role of affect. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138367. [PMID: 37575108 PMCID: PMC10416252 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the predictive effects of two types of subjective socioeconomic status on self-reported physical and mental health. Specifically, we examined the MacArthur Scale (MacArthur) which measures perceived socioeconomic rank in the society and a novel scale called ComSim, which assessed how participants compared themselves socioeconomically to others coming from a similar socioeconomic background. We also considered the influence of income, education, and personal relative deprivation (PRD) in these analyses. Additionally, we explored whether these effects were mediated through negative and positive affect. Methods The data were collected through a cross-sectional, two-wave survey of 294 women and 294 men, with a mean age 41.6 years. Participants were recruited via an online platform. Results The results from multivariate regression models revealed that socioeconomic status measured with both the MacArthur Scale and ComSim significantly predicted both self-reported health measures, whereas income and education did not predict any of these measures in the full multivariate models. PRD only predicted self-reported mental health. Mediation analyses showed that negative and positive affect mediated the relationships between socioeconomic status measured by ComSim and self-reported health measures. Discussion These findings are discussed in the context of the similarity hypothesis of social comparison theory. The results underscore the importance of considering multiple dimensions when examining socioeconomic health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kraft
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brage Kraft
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kim Y, Lee Y. Economic development, intergenerational mobility, and health in South Korea. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 50:101260. [PMID: 37276699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies reported the association between social mobility and health. However, few studies investigated whether the association varies by age group. Drawing on the economic environment that facilitated social mobility in South Korea, we postulate each age group had a different extent of social mobility, which would vary with the extent of economic growth and affect the association between social mobility and health. We used data from KDI National Happiness Survey 2018 and measured perceived mobility using respondents' perceived social position and their parents' social position. We examined whether social mobility was associated with self-rated health and psychological well-being. The upwardly mobile individuals were more likely than the stable ones to report 'happy'. Such a positive association between upward mobility and happiness was consistently found when the sample was restricted to the ages 30-59 and 40-49. For self-rated health, the downwardly mobile individuals were less likely to report good health. However, no significant difference in self-rated health was found after the youngest and oldest age groups were excluded. We found that perceived social mobility was strongly associated with psychological well-being rather than self-rated health. Moreover, we found a stronger association between upward mobility and happiness among the aged 40-49, who had the largest proportion of upwardly mobile individuals and spent their adolescence during rapid economic growth. The findings underscore the importance of the economic and social context in which individuals perceive their social position and shape their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonsu Kim
- University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4700 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
| | - Yongsoo Lee
- Korea Development Institute, 263 Namsejong-ro, Sejong-si 30149, Republic of Korea
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Gugushvili A. Information About Inequality of Opportunity Increases Downward Mobility Perceptions: A Population-Wide Randomized Survey Experiment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:868303. [PMID: 35602718 PMCID: PMC9115553 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing evidence which is primarily based on cross-sectional and observational data suggests that perceptions of doing worse or better than parents might be more important for various life outcomes than the conventional measures of mobility based on the objective indicators of socioeconomic position. In 2021, we commissioned a nationally representative survey in Georgia which included a population-wide randomized survey experiment. We confirmed the association between, on the one hand, perceived social mobility and, on the other hand, physical and mental health, satisfaction with life, and the perceived state of affairs in the country. More importantly, the experimental design allowed us to conclude that the perception of being downwardly mobile was causally determined by a short message shared with individuals that equality of opportunity in their country was low. Those who were given information that children’s socioeconomic position was strongly linked to their parents’ socioeconomic position were seven percentage points more likely than individuals in the control group to perceive themselves as being downwardly mobile. We extrapolate these findings to the broader context and argue that the messages about (in)equality of opportunity which individuals receive in their everyday lives might also shape their perceptions of social mobility in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Gugushvili
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Bulczak G, Gugushvili A. Downward income mobility among individuals with poor initial health is linked with higher cardiometabolic risk. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac012. [PMID: 36712801 PMCID: PMC9802411 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of socioeconomic position (SEP) across life course accumulate and produce visible health inequalities between different socioeconomic groups. Yet, it is not well-understood how the experience of intergenerational income mobility between origin and destination SEP, per se, affects health outcomes. We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health collected in the United States with the outcome measure of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) constructed from data on LDL Cholesterol, Glucose MG/DL, C-reactive protein, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate. Intergenerational income mobility is estimated as the difference between Waves 1 and 5 income quintiles. Diagonal reference models are used to test if intergenerational income mobility, net of origin and destination income quintile effects, is associated with CMR. We find that individuals in the lowest and the highest income quintiles have, respectively, the highest and the lowest CMR; both origin and destination income quintiles are equally important; there are no significant overall income mobility effects for different gender and race/ethnicity groups, but downward income mobility has negative health implications for individuals with poor initial health. We conclude that downward income mobility can increase inequalities in CMR in the United States by worsening the health of those who had poor health before their mobility experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bulczak
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nowy Świat 72, 00-330, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Management,Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Alexi Gugushvili
- Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nowy Świat 72, 00-330, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, Harriet Holters hus, Moltke Moesvei 31, 0851, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nuffield College,University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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