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Tian Y, Smith CJ, Balbale S, Schäfer WLA, Holl JL, Raval MV. Change in Patient Enrollment After Site Principal Investigator Turnover in Surgical Clinical Trials. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2415340. [PMID: 38842812 PMCID: PMC11157349 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This cohort study examines the association of principal investigator (PI) turnover with patient enrollment in surgical clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tian
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Charesa J. Smith
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Salva Balbale
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Health Services Research and Development, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois
| | | | - Jane L. Holl
- Department of Neurology, Biological Sciences Division and Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mehul V. Raval
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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2
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Savold J, Cole M, Thorpe RJ. Barriers and solutions to Alzheimer's disease clinical trial participation for Black Americans. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2023; 9:e12402. [PMID: 37408664 PMCID: PMC10318422 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Black Americans are disproportionately burdened by Alzheimer's disease (AD) relative to other racial groups in the United States and continue to be underrepresented in AD clinical trials. This review explores the primary barriers for participation in clinical trials among Black Americans and provides literature-based recommendations to improve the inclusion of Black Americans in AD clinical trials. Methods We searched electronic databases and gray literature for articles published in the United States through January 1, 2023, ultimately identifying 26 key articles for inclusion. Results Barriers to participation in clinical trials for Black Americans are rooted in social determinants of health, including access to quality education and information, access to health care, economic stability, built environment, and community context. Best practices to improve the inclusion of Black Americans in clinical trials require pharmaceutical companies to adopt a multifaceted approach, investing in innovative strategies for site selection, development of local partnerships, outreach, and education. Discussion While multisectoral action must occur to effectively address the disproportionate burden of AD on Black Americans, the pharmaceutical industry has an important part to play in this space due to their central role in product development and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Savold
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Michele Cole
- Global Market Access, Neuroscience Therapeutic AreaJohnson & JohnsonRaritanNew JerseyUSA
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Johns Hopkins Alzheimer's Disease Resource Center for Minority Aging ResearchBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Disparities SolutionsBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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3
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Roy E, Chino F, King B, Madu C, Mattes M, Morrell R, Pollard-Larkin J, Siker M, Takita C, Ludwig M. Increasing Diversity of Patients in Radiation Oncology Clinical Trials. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 116:103-114. [PMID: 36526234 PMCID: PMC10414211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radiation oncology clinical trials lack full representation of the ethnic and racial diversity present in the general United States and in the cancer patient population. There are low rates of both recruitment and enrollment of individuals from underrepresented ethnic and racial backgrounds, especially Black and Hispanic patients, people with disabilities, and patients from underrepresented sexual and gender groups. Even if approached for enrollment, barriers such as mistrust in medical research stemming from historical abuse and contemporary biased systems, low socioeconomic status, and lack of awareness prohibit historically marginalized populations from participating in clinical trials. In this review, we reflect on these specific barriers and detail approaches to increase diversity of the patient population in radiation oncology clinical trials to better reflect the communities we serve. We hope that implementation of these approaches will increase the diversity of clinical trials patient populations in not only radiation oncology but also other medical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Roy
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Fumiko Chino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin King
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chika Madu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Malcolm Mattes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Rosalyn Morrell
- Advanced Radiation Center of Beverly Hills, Beverly Hills, California
| | | | - Malika Siker
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christiane Takita
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami University School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Michelle Ludwig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Petersen EA, Deer TR, Bojanic S, Sankary LR, Strand NH, Al Kaisy A, Huygen F, Sayed D, Steegers M, Verrills P, Schatman ME. Best Practices from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) for Clinical Research During a Pandemic or Emergency. J Pain Res 2023; 16:327-339. [PMID: 36744112 PMCID: PMC9895883 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s393539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caught many areas of medicine in a state of unpreparedness for conducting research and completing ongoing projects during a global crisis, including the field of pain medicine. Waves of infection led to a disjointed ability to provide care and conduct clinical research. The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Research Group has created guidance for pragmatic and ethical considerations for research during future emergency or disaster situations. This analysis uses governmental guidance, scientific best practices, and expert opinion to address procedure-based or device-based clinical trials during such times. Current literature offers limited recommendations on this important issue, and the findings of this group fill a void for protocols to improve patient safety and efficacy, especially as we anticipate the impact of future disasters and spreading global infectious diseases. We recommend local adaptations to best practices and innovations to enable continued research while respecting the stressors to the research subjects, investigator teams, health-care systems, and to local infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A Petersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Correspondence: Erika A Petersen, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, 4301 West Markham Slot #507, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA, Tel +15016865270, Email
| | - Timothy R Deer
- Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Stana Bojanic
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Adnan Al Kaisy
- The Pain Management and Neuromodulation Centre, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Frank Huygen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center of Pain Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dawood Sayed
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Monique Steegers
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain and Palliative Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Verrills
- Pain Medicine, Metro Pain Clinic, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael E Schatman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care, and Pain Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA,Department of Population Health – Division of Medical Ethics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Lichter KE, Anderson J, Sim AJ, Baniel CC, Thiel CL, Chuter R, Collins A, Carollo E, Berg CD, Coleman CN, Abdel-Wahab M, Grover S, Singer L, Mohamad O. Transitioning to Environmentally Sustainable, Climate-Smart Radiation Oncology Care. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:915-924. [PMID: 35841919 PMCID: PMC10024638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Lichter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
| | - Justin Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Austin J Sim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Claire C Baniel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Cassandra L Thiel
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Robert Chuter
- Christie Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Heath, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Collins
- Health Care Without Harm, Reston, Virginia; Department of Emergency Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Erin Carollo
- Loyola University Chicago-Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - May Abdel-Wahab
- Division of Human Health, Radiation Oncology, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Surbhi Grover
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa Singer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Osama Mohamad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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De Biase G, Chen S, Ziu E, Garcia D, Bojaxhi E, Carter RE, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Abode-Iyamah K. Assessment of Patients' Willingness to Participate in a Randomized Trial of Spinal versus General Anesthesia for Lumbar Spine Surgery. World Neurosurg 2022; 161:e635-e641. [PMID: 35217226 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective nonrandomized studies have found less postoperative fatigue and improved quality of life in patients undergoing awake spine surgery under spinal anesthesia compared with general anesthesia. Randomized trials are needed to validate these findings. OBJECTIVE To prospectively investigate patients' willingness to enroll in randomized trials of lumbar spine surgery under spinal versus general anesthesia and identify any potential barriers. METHODS We recruited patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery for degenerative disease. We described a randomized trial of spine surgery under spinal versus general anesthesia and assessed patients' willingness to participate in such trial. We elicited preferences for treatment along with demographics. The association between these factors and willingness to participate in the trial was examined. RESULTS Fifty patients completed interviews; 58% were female, mean age of 60.9 ± 12.5 years. A total of 52% patients stated that they were definitely willing to participate in the hypothetical randomized trial, and 8% probably willing. Only 16% of patients were aware of spinal anesthesia as an option for low back surgery, and 60% indicated no strong preference for the anesthesia techniques. Patients without strong preferences stated a greater willingness to participate than those with strong preferences (80% vs. 10% definitely willing, P < 0.0001). Age, sex, education, work status, and race were not significantly associated with willingness to participate. CONCLUSION Sixty percent of patients stated that they were either definitely or probably willing to participate in the randomized trial. Subjects lacking strong preferences for the anesthesia technique stated a greater willingness to enroll than those with strong preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano De Biase
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Selby Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Endrit Ziu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Diogo Garcia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Elird Bojaxhi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Hasson Charles RM, Sosa E, Patel M, Erhunmwunsee L. Health Disparities in Recruitment and Enrollment in Research. Thorac Surg Clin 2022; 32:75-82. [PMID: 34801198 PMCID: PMC8611804 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in thoracic oncology research, the benefits of new discoveries are not universally experienced. A lack of representation of racial/ethnic minorities and individuals of low socioeconomic status in clinical trials and thoracic research contributes to persistent health care disparities. It is critical that improved racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity is achieved in our trials and research, if we are to attain generalizability of findings and reduction of health care disparities. Culturally tailored and community-based approaches can help improve recruitment and enrollment of marginalized groups in thoracic research, which is an essential step toward achieving health equity and advancing medical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian M. Hasson Charles
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Ernesto Sosa
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte CA 91010
| | - Meghna Patel
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte CA 91010
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Haynes A, Sherrington C, Wallbank G, Wickham J, Tong A, Kirkham C, Manning S, Ramsay E, Tiedemann A. Using self-determination theory to understand and improve recruitment for the Coaching for Healthy Ageing (CHAnGE) trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259873. [PMID: 34797820 PMCID: PMC8604286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervention trials promoting physical activity among older people frequently report low and unrepresentative recruitment. Better understanding of reasons for participation can help improve recruitment. This study explored why participants enrolled in the Coaching for Healthy Ageing (CHAnGE) trial, including how their decision was influenced by recruitment strategies. CHAnGE was a cluster randomised controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a healthy ageing program targeting inactivity and falls. Seventy-two groups of people aged 60+ were recruited from community organisations via informal presentations by the health coaches. METHODS We conducted a secondary thematic analysis of interview data from our wider qualitative evaluation in which 32 purposively sampled trial participants took part in semi-structured interviews about their experiences of CHAnGE. Data relating to recruitment and participation were analysed inductively to identify themes, then a coding framework comprising the core constructs from self-determination theory-autonomy, competence and relatedness-was used to explore if and how this theory fit with and helped to explain our data. RESULTS Recruitment presentations promoted the CHAnGE intervention well in terms of addressing value expectations of structured support, different forms of accountability, credibility, achievability and, for some, a potential to enhance social relationships. Participation was motivated by the desire for improved health and decelerated ageing, altruism and curiosity. These factors related strongly to self-determination concepts of autonomy, competence and relatedness, but the intervention's demonstrated potential to support self-determination needs could be conveyed more effectively. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that recruitment could have greater reach using: 1. Strengths-based messaging focusing on holistic gains, 2. Participant stories that highlight positive experiences, and 3. Peer support and information sharing to leverage altruism and curiosity. These theory-informed improvements will be used to increase participation in future trials, including people in hard-to-recruit groups. They may also inform other physical activity trials and community programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Haynes
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Geraldine Wallbank
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - James Wickham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Kirkham
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shona Manning
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Christian Homes Tasmania Inc, Kingston, TAS, Australia
| | - Elisabeth Ramsay
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Arasu K, Chang CY, Wong SY, Ong SH, Yang WY, Chong MHZ, Mavinkurve M, Khoo EJ, Chinna K, Weaver CM, Chee WSS. Design and strategies used for recruitment and retention in a double blind randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of soluble corn fiber on bone indices in pre-adolescent children (PREBONE-Kids study) in Malaysia. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100801. [PMID: 34195468 PMCID: PMC8233130 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recruitment and retention in longitudinal nutrition intervention studies among children is challenging and scarcely reported. This paper describes the strategies and lessons learned from a 1-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among pre-adolescent children on the effects of soluble corn fiber (SCF) on bone indices (PREBONE-Kids). Methods Participants (9–11 years old) were recruited and randomized into 4 treatment groups (600 mg calcium, 12 g SCF, 12 g SCF plus 600 mg calcium and placebo). Interventions were consumed as a fruit-flavored powdered drink for 1-year. School-based recruitment was effective due to support on study benefits from parents and teachers, peer influence and a 2-weeks study run-in for participants to assess their readiness to commit to the study protocol. Retention strategies focused on building rapport through school-based fun activities, WhatsApp messaging, providing health screening and travel reimbursements for study measurements. Compliance was enhanced by providing direct on-site school feeding and monthly non-cash rewards. Choice of 2 flavors for the intervention drinks were provided to overcome taste fatigue. Satisfaction level on the manner in which the study was conducted was obtained from a voluntary sub-set of participants. Results The study successfully enrolled 243 participants within 6 months and retained 82.7% of the participants at the end of 1 year, yielding a drop-out rate of 17.3%. Compliance to the intervention drink was 85% at the start and remained at 78.7% at the end of 1 year. More than 95% of the participants provided good feedback on intervention drinks, rapport building activities, communication and overall study conduct. Conclusion Successful strategies focused on study benefits, rapport building, frequent communication using social media and non-cash incentives helped improved compliance and retention rate. The lessons learned to maintain a high retention and compliance rate in this study provide valuable insights for future studies in a similar population. PREBONE-Kids contributes to evidence on the effect of soluble corn fiber on bone indices in pre-adolescent Asian children. School-based recruitment, study nature, perceived benefits and study run-in were effective strategies for recruitment. Rapport building, direct on-site feeding and rewarding protocol adherence were critical for good retention and compliance.
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Key Words
- 25-OHD, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- BAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- CTX, carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks
- Calcium
- Compliance
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- MET, total metabolic equivalent
- OC, osteocalcin
- P1NP, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide
- PBM, peak bone mass
- Pre-adolescent children
- SCF, soluble corn fibre
- Soluble corn fiber
- Study retention
- iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanimolli Arasu
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yuan Chang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Yee Wong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yew Yang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megan Hueh Zan Chong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meenal Mavinkurve
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Erwin Jiayuan Khoo
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Winnie Siew Swee Chee
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Batchelor WB, Damluji AA, Yong C, Fiuzat M, Barnett SD, Kandzari DE, Sherwood MW, Epps KC, Tehrani BN, Allocco DJ, Meredith IT, Lindenfeld J, O'Connor CM, Mehran R. Does study subject diversity influence cardiology research site performance?: Insights from 2 U.S. National Coronary Stent Registries. Am Heart J 2021; 236:37-48. [PMID: 33636137 PMCID: PMC8188231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minorities and women are underrepresented in cardiovascular research. Whether their higher enrollment can be predicted or influences research site performance is unclear. METHODS We evaluated 104 sites that enrolled 4,184 patients in the U.S. Platinum Diversity (PD) and Promus Element Plus (PE Plus) studies (2012 to 2016). Research sites were ranked from lowest to highest minority and female enrollment, respectively. United States Census Bureau division and core-based statistical area (CBSA) populations were determined for each site and the following study performance metrics compared across quartiles of minority and female enrollment, respectively: (1) study subject enrollment rate (SER), (2) time to first patient enrolled, (3) rate of follow-up visits not done, (4) rate of follow-up visits out of window, and (5) protocol deviation rate (PDR). Multivariable regression was used to predict SER and PDR. RESULTS Minority enrollment varied by region (P = .025) and population (P = .024) with highest recruitment noted in the Pacific, West South Central, South Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic and East North Central divisions. Female enrollment bore no relationship to region (P = .67) or population (P = .40). Median SER was similar in sites withi the highest vs lowest quartile of minority enrollment (SER of 4 vs 5 patients per month, respectively, P =0.78) and highest vs. lowest female enrollment (SER of 4 vs 4, respectively, P = .21). Median PDR was lower in sites within the highest vs lowest minority enrollment (0.23 vs 0.50 PDs per patient per month, respectively, P = .01) and highest vs. lowest female enrollment (0.28 vs. 0.37 PDs per patient per month, respectively, P = .04). However, this relationship did not persist after multivariable adjustment. All other site performance metrics were comparable across quartiles of minority and female enrollment. CONCLUSIONS Minority, but not female enrollment, correlated with research site geographic region and surrounding population. High enrollment of minorities and women did not influence study performance metrics. These findings help inform future strategies aimed at increasing clinical trial diversity. TRIAL REGISTRATION The PD and PE Plus studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov under identifiers NCT02240810 and NCT01589978, respectively. KEY POINTS Question: Does the enrollment of more Blacks, Hispanics and women in US cardiovascular research studies influence the overall rate of study subject enrollment and/or other key study site performance metrics and can diverse enrollment be predicted? FINDINGS In this pooled analysis of 104 sites that enrolled 4,184 patients in the Platinum Diversity and Promus Element Plus Post-Approval Studies, we found that the enrollment of higher proportions of underrepresented minorities and women was univariately associated with lower protocol deviation rates while having no effect on other site performance metrics. A site's geographic location and surrounding population predicted minority, but not female enrollment. Meaning: These findings suggest that cardiovascular research subject diversity may be predicted from site characteristics and enhanced without compromising key study performance metrics. These insights help inform future strategies aimed at improving clinical trial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne B Batchelor
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA.
| | - Abdulla A Damluji
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | - Celina Yong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Mona Fiuzat
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Scott D Barnett
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | | | - Matthew W Sherwood
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | - Kelly C Epps
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | - Behnam N Tehrani
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA
| | | | | | | | - Christopher M O'Connor
- Inova Center of Outcomes Research, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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11
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Meyer S, Woldu HG, Sheets LR. Sociodemographic diversity in cancer clinical trials: New findings on the effect of race and ethnicity. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 21:100718. [PMID: 33604484 PMCID: PMC7872971 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer clinical trials (CCT) offer significant potential benefit, not only for future patients but also for enrolled participants, yet a very small minority of cancer patients participate, resulting in low levels of enrollment that have stalled clinical trials dramatically. Though many have endeavored to study this phenomenon, relatively little research has explored the demographic factors which may affect CCT enrollment. Understanding patient demographics is critical to optimizing enrollment, evaluating generalizability, and ensuring equity of CCT. METHODS To better understand the effect of social determinants of health on CCT enrollment, the authors constructed a multivariable logistic regression model to analyze data collected in the last ten years in the CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) Survey, an annual national survey conducted among the non-institutionalized adult population of the U.S. RESULTS In multivariable regression analysis, enrollment varied significantly with sociodemographic factors. Individuals of higher income, Hispanic ethnicity, and younger age were most likely to participate in CCTs. Enrollment did not vary significantly by educational attainment. CONCLUSION Our multivariable analysis indicated people of color are more likely to participate in CCT, perhaps demonstrating that structural barriers shape participation more than race alone. Efforts to improve CCT enrollment may benefit from a shift in focus towards access to care by alleviating structural and financial barriers to enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Meyer
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Henok G. Woldu
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lincoln R. Sheets
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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12
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O'Reilly D, Carroll H, Lucas M, Sui J, Al Sendi M, McMahon D, Darwish W, McLaughlin R, Khan MR, Sullivan HO, Chew S, Dennehy C, Kelly CM, McCaffrey J, Greally M, Carney D, Higgins MJ. Virtual oncology clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ir J Med Sci 2021; 190:1295-1301. [PMID: 33449331 PMCID: PMC7809230 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-020-02489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in radical changes in the delivery of healthcare worldwide. Our oncology service (at an Irish national cancer centre) rapidly transitioned to the use of telemedicine or virtual clinics (VC) to minimise potential risk of exposure to COVID-19 amongst an immunosuppressed, high-risk population. Our study aimed to evaluate the use of VC in this setting. Methods An 18-point questionnaire was designed to investigate the patient experience of VC during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland and compliance with guidelines developed in Ireland to conduct VC and the role of VC in the future. Questionnaires were distributed following the receipt of verbal consent from patients during the VC. Descriptive statistics were utilised for data analysis using SPSS®. Results One hundred and four patients returned completed surveys (n = 104/164, 63% response rate). Overall satisfaction levels were high with most patients (n = 58/100, 58%; no answer provided (NAP), n = 4) equally satisfied or nearly equally satisfied with VC in comparison to a usual clinic encounter. The majority of patients felt that there should be a role for VC in the future (n = 84/102, 82%; NAP, n = 2). The majority of patients (n = 61/99, 61%; NAP, n = 5) were very relieved to avoid a hospital visit due to perceived risk of potential exposure to COVID-19. Conclusion The majority of oncology patients were satisfied with a VC encounter. VC may have a role in the future of medical care in Ireland post the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O'Reilly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland.
| | - Hailey Carroll
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Mairi Lucas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Jane Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Maha Al Sendi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - David McMahon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Waseem Darwish
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Ronan McLaughlin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Mohammed Raza Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Hazel O Sullivan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Sonya Chew
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Colum Dennehy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - John McCaffrey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Megan Greally
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Private Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Desmond Carney
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Private Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
| | - Michaela J Higgins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, Dublin, 7, Ireland
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13
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Norwood MF, Lakhani A, Maujean A, Downes M, Fullagar S, McIntyre M, Byrne J, Stewart A, Barber BL, Kendall E. Assessing emotional and social health using photographs: An innovative research method for rural studies and its applicability in a care-farming program for youth. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2019; 77:101707. [PMID: 31522110 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2019.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A framework for assessing photographs for the emotional and social health of young people (SHAPE) is described and tested, within the context of a rural program. Two independent raters assessed the photographs of participants. To assess inter-rater reliability, Cohen' K and Kendall's W were calculated. The two reviewers' assessments of photographs were in agreement. The assessment of emotional/behavioural display showed 82% agreement. Agreement between reviewers' judgements of proxemics (W = .866), interaction (W = .722), engagement (W = .932) and overall impression (W = .804) were all significant (p < .005). The method yielded results indicating that participants found gardening immediately engaging but their approach to equines exhibited a change from fascination to confidence during the program. The visual-diary method is a useful and sensitive method for research: where resources are limited; to complement traditional measures; for use with people who lack appropriate verbal communication or literacy skills to complete questionnaires; young children; other underrepresented groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Francis Norwood
- The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland, 4131, Australia.
| | - Ali Lakhani
- The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland, 4131, Australia
| | - Annick Maujean
- Recovery Injury Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Parklands, 4029, Australia; Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Martin Downes
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Simone Fullagar
- Department for Health, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom; Department of Tourism, Sport & Hotel Management, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Michelle McIntyre
- The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland, 4131, Australia; Synapse, 262 Montague Road, West End, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - Jason Byrne
- Discipline of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Anna Stewart
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - Bonnie L Barber
- Griffith Health, Griffith University, Queensland, 4122, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Kendall
- The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Queensland, 4131, Australia
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14
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Kalb L, Jacobson L, Zisman C, Mahone E, Landa R, Azad G, Menon D, Singh V, Zabel A, Pritchard A. Interest in Research Participation Among Caregivers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2019; 49:3786-3797. [PMID: 31172337 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine caregiver agreement to hear about local research opportunities by joining a clinical research registry. Data from this cross-sectional study were gathered, between 2014 and 2017, across two outpatient clinics: (1) a multidisciplinary Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) clinic (N = 5228) and (2) a general psychology clinic serving youth with, or at risk for, a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD; N = 5040). Overall, more than 8 in 10 caregivers agreed to join the registry. Several child clinical characteristics, as well as racial and sociodemographic factors, were predictive of parental agreement. Findings suggest caregivers of youth with ASD and NDD are amenable to joining the local research enterprise, however further work is needed to understand why some caregivers decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kalb
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. .,Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA. .,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - L Jacobson
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - C Zisman
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - E Mahone
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - R Landa
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - G Azad
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - D Menon
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - V Singh
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Creamer Family Building, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21211, USA
| | - A Zabel
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - A Pritchard
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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15
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Gerido LH, He Z. Improving Patient Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials: A Qualitative Analysis of HSRProj & RePORTER. Stud Health Technol Inform 2019; 264:1925-1926. [PMID: 31438410 PMCID: PMC6773468 DOI: 10.3233/shti190716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Enrollment and representativeness, in cancer trials, have been a problem resulting in studies with poor generalizability to the real-world population. This study uses qualitative analysis of two publicly available datasets (HSRProj and RePORTER) to explore funded research projects, which employ strategies at the macro, meso, and micro levels. Our research shows that although the number of projects designed to increase participation in cancer clinical trials peaked in the 2000s, most employ a single level strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe He
- School of Information, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, 32306 USA
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16
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Totty JP, Hitchman LH, Cai PL, Harwood AE, Wallace T, Carradice D, Smith GE, Chetter IC. A pilot feasibility randomised clinical trial comparing dialkylcarbamoylchloride-coated dressings versus standard care for the primary prevention of surgical site infection. Int Wound J 2019; 16:883-890. [PMID: 30868734 PMCID: PMC6850133 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A surgical site infection (SSI) may occur in up to 30% of procedures and results in significant morbidity and mortality. We aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) examining the use of dialkylcarbamoylchloride (DACC)-impregnated dressings, which bind bacteria at the wound bed, in the prevention of SSI in primarily closed incisional wounds. This pilot RCT recruited patients undergoing clean or clean-contaminated vascular surgery. Participants were randomised intraoperatively on a 1:1 basis to either a DACC-coated dressing or a control dressing. Outcomes were divided into feasibility and clinical outcomes. The primary clinical outcome was SSI at 30 days (assessed using Centers for Disease Control criteria and Additional treatment, Serous discharge, Erythema, Purulent exudate, Separation of the deep tissues, Isolation of bacteria and duration of inpatient Stay scoring methods). This study recruited 144 patients in 12 months at a median rate of 10 per month. Eligibility was 73% and recruitment 60%. At 30 days, there was a 36.9% relative risk reduction in the DACC-coated arm (16.22% versus 25.71%, odds ratio 0.559, P = 0.161). The number needed to treat was 11 patients. A large-scale RCT is both achievable and desirable given the relative risk reduction shown in this study. Further work is needed to improve the study protocol and involve more centres in a full-scale RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paris L. Cai
- Academic Vascular Surgical UnitHull Royal InfirmaryHullUK
| | - Amy E. Harwood
- Academic Vascular Surgical UnitHull Royal InfirmaryHullUK
| | - Tom Wallace
- Academic Vascular Surgical UnitHull Royal InfirmaryHullUK
| | - Dan Carradice
- Academic Vascular Surgical UnitHull Royal InfirmaryHullUK
| | | | - Ian C. Chetter
- Academic Vascular Surgical UnitHull Royal InfirmaryHullUK
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17
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Behringer-Massera S, Browne T, George G, Duran S, Cherrington A, McKee MD. Facilitators and barriers to successful recruitment into a large comparative effectiveness trial: a qualitative study. J Comp Eff Res 2019; 8:815-826. [PMID: 31368793 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2019-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recruitment of participants into research studies, especially individuals from minority groups, is challenging; lack of diversity may lead to biased findings. Aim: To explore beliefs about research participation among individuals who were approached and eligible for the GRADE study. Methods: In-depth qualitative telephone interviews with randomized participants (n = 25) and eligible individuals who declined to enroll (n = 26). Results: Refusers and consenters differed in trust and perceptions of risk, benefits and burden of participation. Few participants understood how comparative effectiveness research differed from other types of trials; however, some features of comparative effectiveness research were perceived as lower risk. Conclusion: We identified facilitators and addressable barriers to participation in research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Behringer-Massera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Terysia Browne
- Department of Family & Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Geny George
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sally Duran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrea Cherrington
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - M Diane McKee
- Department of Family & Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave N, Worcester, MA 10655, USA
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18
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Huang B, De Vore D, Chirinos C, Wolf J, Low D, Willard-Grace R, Tsao S, Garvey C, Donesky D, Su G, Thom DH. Strategies for recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for a clinical trial. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:39. [PMID: 30791871 PMCID: PMC6385381 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment and retention are two significant barriers in research, particularly for historically underrepresented groups, including racial and ethnic minorities, patients who are low-income, or people with substance use or mental health issues. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death and disproportionately affects many underrepresented groups. The lack of representation of these groups in research limits the generalizability and applicability of clinical research and results. In this paper we describe our experience and rates of recruitment and retention of underrepresented groups for the Aides in Respiration (AIR) COPD Health Coaching Study. METHODS A priori design strategies included minimizing exclusion criteria, including patients in the study process, establishing partnerships with the community clinics, and ensuring that the health coaching intervention was flexible enough to accommodate patient needs. RESULTS Challenges to recruitment included lack of spirometric data in patient records, space constraints at the clinic sites, barriers to patient access to clinic sites, lack of current patient contact information and poor patient health. Of 282 patients identified as eligible, 192 (68%) were enrolled in the study and 158 (82%) completed the study. Race, gender, educational attainment, severity of disease, health literacy, and clinic site were not associated with recruitment or retention. However, older patients were less likely to enroll in the study and patients who used home oxygen or had more than one hospitalization during the study period were less likely to complete the study. Three key strategies to maximize recruitment and retention were identified during the study: incorporating the patient perspective, partnering with the community clinics, and building patient rapport. CONCLUSIONS While the AIR study included design features to maximize the recruitment and retention of patients from underrepresented groups, additional challenges were encountered and responded to during the study. We also identified three key strategies recommended for future studies of COPD and similar conditions. Incorporating the approaches described into future studies may increase participation rates from underrepresented groups, providing results that can be more accurately applied to patients who carry a disparate burden of disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov at identifier NCT02234284 on August 12, 2014. Descriptor number: 2.9 Racial, ethnic, or social disparities in lung disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Huang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 995 Potrero Avenue, Building 80, Ward 83, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA
| | - Denise De Vore
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Chris Chirinos
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jessica Wolf
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Devon Low
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Rachel Willard-Grace
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Stephanie Tsao
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Chris Garvey
- University of California San Francisco at Mount Zion Sleep Disorders Center, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Doranne Donesky
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - George Su
- Department of Medicine: Pulmonology, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - David H. Thom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA USA
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19
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Grové C. Using Social Networking Sites in Research: An Emerging Approach to Engaging With Young People Who Have a Parent With a Mental Illness and/or Substance Abuse Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:281. [PMID: 31118908 PMCID: PMC6506785 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The challenges involved in engaging young people who have a parent with a mental illness in research and in programs are well documented. Social networking sites provide a potentially useful medium to include at-risk youths and their families by removing some accessibility barriers that may prevent engagement and connection with individuals whose parents or family members have a mental illness. This paper examines how social networking sites can be used to recruit youths and/or their families and engage them in research. Applying a case study analysis, the implications of using social media as a tool for recruitment and data collection and the ethical considerations and limitations will be discussed. Results tentatively indicate that social networking sites may be an effective method to engage young people of parents with a mental illness. The study argues for more informed use of social platforms for the translation and dissemination of research and intervention prevention. Overall, this paper will contribute to public mental health practice through guidelines and policy about social media research with at-risk young people and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Grové
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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20
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Abstract
Telemedicine uses telecommunications technology as a tool to deliver health care to populations with limited access to care. Telemedicine has been tested in multiple clinical settings, demonstrating at least equivalency to in-person care and high levels of patient and health professional satisfaction. Teleoncology has been demonstrated to improve access to care and decrease health care costs. Teleconsultations may take place in a synchronous, asynchronous, or blended format. Examples of successful teleoncology applications include cancer telegenetics, bundling of cancer-related teleapplications, remote chemotherapy supervision, symptom management, survivorship care, palliative care, and approaches to increase access to cancer clinical trials. Telepathology is critical to cancer care and may be accomplished synchronously and asynchronously for both cytology and tissue diagnoses. Mobile applications support symptom management, lifestyle modification, and medication adherence as a tool for home-based care. Telemedicine can support the oncologist with access to interactive tele-education. Teleoncology practice should maintain in-person professional standards, including documentation integrated into the patient's electronic health record. Telemedicine training is essential to facilitate rapport, maximize engagement, and conduct an accurate virtual exam. With the appropriate attachments, the only limitation to the virtual exam is palpation. The national telehealth resource centers can provide interested clinicians with the latest information on telemedicine reimbursement, parity, and practice. To experience the gains of teleoncology, appropriate training, education, as well as paying close attention to gaps, such as those inherent in the digital divide, are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joseph Sirintrapun
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Ana Maria Lopez
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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21
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Snowden J, Darden P, Palumbo P, Saul P, Lee J. The institutional development award states pediatric clinical trials network: building research capacity among the rural and medically underserved. Curr Opin Pediatr 2018; 30:297-302. [PMID: 29517535 PMCID: PMC5927618 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The institutional development award (IDeA) program was created to increase the competitiveness of investigators in states with historically low success rates for National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funding applications. IDeA states have high numbers of rural and medically underserved residents with disproportionately high rates of infant mortality, obesity, and poverty. This program supports the development and expansion of research infrastructure and research activities in these states. The IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network (ISPCTN) is part of the environmental influences on child health outcomes program. Its purpose is to build research capacity within IDeA states and provide opportunities for children in IDeA states to participate in clinical trials. This review describes the current and future activities of the network. RECENT FINDINGS In its initial year, the ISPCTN created an online series on clinical trials, initiated participation in a study conducted by the pediatric trials network, and proposed two novel clinical trials for obese children. Capacity building and clinical trial implementation will continue in future years. SUMMARY The ISPCTN is uniquely poised to establish and support new pediatric clinical research programs in underserved populations, producing both short and long-term gains in the understanding of child health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Darden
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Phil Saul
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jeannette Lee
- Data Coordinating and Operations Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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22
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Rubin EH, Scroggins MJ, Goldberg KB, Beaver JA. Strategies to Maximize Patient Participation in Clinical Trials. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:216-221. [PMID: 28561724 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_179803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable interest and success in oncology drug development, the minority of patients with cancer diagnoses enroll in clinical trials. Multiple obstacles account for this low enrollment rate. An improvement in patient participation in clinical trials could increase patient access to novel and potentially promising agents, provide faster trial results, and, with implementation of rational eligibility criteria, allow for a better understanding of the drug's safety and efficacy in a heterogeneous population. We present barriers and potential solutions to maximize patient participation, including a review of the ASCO and Friends of Cancer Research (FoCR) Modernizing Eligibility Criteria Project, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory considerations, an industry perspective, and a patient perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Rubin
- From the Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, PA; Pinkie Hugs, LLC, Washington, DC; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Mary J Scroggins
- From the Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, PA; Pinkie Hugs, LLC, Washington, DC; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Kirsten B Goldberg
- From the Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, PA; Pinkie Hugs, LLC, Washington, DC; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Julia A Beaver
- From the Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, PA; Pinkie Hugs, LLC, Washington, DC; U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
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Ritchie A, Gwadz MV, Perlman D, De Guzman R, Leonard NR, Cleland CM. Eliminating Racial/Ethnic Disparities in AIDS Clinical Trials in the United States: A Qualitative Exploration of an Efficacious Social/Behavioral Intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8. [PMID: 28515963 DOI: 10.4172/2155-6113.1000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American/Black and Hispanic persons living with HIV (AABH-PLWH) are under-represented in AIDS clinical trials (ACTs) in the United States. Barriers AABH-PLWH experience to ACTs are multi-faceted, including distrust of medical research, low levels of knowledge, unsupportive social norms, lack of referral, and challenges navigating ACT systems. In past research we found a multi-component peer-driven intervention was efficacious in boosting rates of screening for/enrollment into ACTs. The present qualitative study seeks to understand AABH-PLWH's perspectives on which specific intervention features or components had utility. Interventions features explored included structural elements (e.g., small group sessions, individual sessions on the ACT research unit); approaches (e.g., Motivational Interviewing); and specific components (e.g., small-group discussion of historical and cultural factors reducing participation among AABH-PLWH). METHODS A total of 37 AABH-PLWH (mean age 50.6 years, SD=7.5 years; 48.6% female; 62.2% African American/Black, 27.0% Hispanic) were purposively selected from a larger study for in-depth interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using systematic content analysis. RESULTS We found the intervention improved knowledge and positive attitudes toward ACTs, and triggered social-level facilitators such as altruism and more positive social norms. Discussions of cultural/historical barriers to ACTs associated with race/ethnicity had utility. Holding a session on the ACT research unit reduced fear and increased motivation. Results highlighted the value of Motivational Interviewing, and several components were perceived as less useful (e.g., involving social network members in ACT decisions). CONCLUSION Findings can inform future intervention designs to address racial/ethnic disparities in ACTs and have implications for trials of other conditions where racial/ethnic disparities persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ritchie
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marya Viorst Gwadz
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Perlman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai Health Systems, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Noelle R Leonard
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Cleland
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Burke NJ, Mathews HF. Returning to Earth: Setting a Global Agenda for the Anthropology of Cancer. Med Anthropol 2016; 36:179-186. [PMID: 27854127 DOI: 10.1080/01459740.2016.1255611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy J Burke
- a Public Health and Anthropology , University of California , Merced , California , USA
| | - Holly F Mathews
- b Anthropology , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
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Fouad MN, Acemgil A, Bae S, Forero A, Lisovicz N, Martin MY, Oates GR, Partridge EE, Vickers SM. Patient Navigation As a Model to Increase Participation of African Americans in Cancer Clinical Trials. J Oncol Pract 2016; 12:556-63. [PMID: 27189356 PMCID: PMC4957258 DOI: 10.1200/jop.2015.008946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Less than 10% of patients enrolled in clinical trials are minorities. The patient navigation model has been used to improve access to medical care but has not been evaluated as a tool to increase the participation of minorities in clinical trials. The Increasing Minority Participation in Clinical Trials project used patient navigators (PNs) to enhance the recruitment of African Americans for and their retention in therapeutic cancer clinical trials in a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center. METHODS Lay individuals were hired and trained to serve as PNs for clinical trials. African American patients potentially eligible for clinical trials were identified through chart review or referrals by clinic nurses, physicians, and social workers. PNs provided two levels of services: education about clinical trials and tailored support for patients who enrolled in clinical trials. RESULTS Between 2007 and 2014, 424 African American patients with cancer were referred to the Increasing Minority Participation in Clinical Trials project. Of those eligible for a clinical trial (N = 378), 304 (80.4%) enrolled in a trial and 272 (72%) consented to receive patient navigation support. Of those receiving patient navigation support, 74.5% completed the trial, compared with 37.5% of those not receiving patient navigation support. The difference in retention rates between the two groups was statistically significant (P < .001). Participation of African Americans in therapeutic cancer clinical trials increased from 9% to 16%. CONCLUSION Patient navigation for clinical trials successfully retained African Americans in therapeutic trials compared with non-patient navigation trial participation. The model holds promise as a strategy to reduce disparities in cancer clinical trial participation. Future studies should evaluate it with racial/ethnic minorities across cancer centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Fouad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Aras Acemgil
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sejong Bae
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Hoffman AJ, Brintnall RA, Cooper J. Merging technology and clinical research for optimized post-surgical rehabilitation of lung cancer patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:28. [PMID: 26889481 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2016.01.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 21(st) century has ushered in an age of wireless communication and technological breakthroughs providing researchers with opportunities and challenges as they incorporate this technology into their research. This paper presents the challenges our team encountered introducing new technologies and how they were overcome for an intervention for post-thoracotomy non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS Our intervention incorporated the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus virtual-reality walking and balance exercise into a home-based rehabilitation program. The intervention is novel and innovative in that the intervention provides light-intensity exercise post-thoracotomy for NSCLC patients immediately after return to home from the hospital. The intervention overcomes the barriers of conventional exercise programs that require travel, conventional exercise equipment, and begin months after surgery. RESULTS When translating new technology to research, researchers need to consider a number of factors that need to be addressed. Institutional Review Boards may need further explanation as to why the technology is safe, potential participants may need to have unfounded concerns explained before enrolling, and the research team needs a plan for introducing the technology to participants with a vast range of skill sets and environments in which they will be using technology. In our study, we addressed each of these factors using varying approaches as we translated how the Wii would be used in a home-based exercise intervention by a highly vulnerable, post-thoracotomy NSCLC population. CONCLUSIONS While technology brings with it multiple barriers for successful implementation, our team showed that with proper planning and teamwork, researchers can navigate these issues bringing the full benefit of technology to even the most vulnerable of patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Hoffman
- 1 College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1315, USA ; 2 Kirkhof College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Ruth Ann Brintnall
- 1 College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1315, USA ; 2 Kirkhof College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Julie Cooper
- 1 College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1315, USA ; 2 Kirkhof College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
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Bass SB, Wolak C, Greener J, Tedaldi E, Nanavati A, Ruppert K, Gordon TF. Using perceptual mapping methods to understand gender differences in perceived barriers and benefits of clinical research participation in urban minority HIV+ patients. AIDS Care 2015; 28:528-36. [PMID: 26572215 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Minority participation in HIV clinical trials research is critical to understanding the impact of medications or behavioral interventions, but little is known about gender differences in perceptions of participation. We surveyed 50 minority HIV+ patients from an urban clinic to assess perceived risks/benefits of clinical trial research participation and used innovative marketing methods to analyze results. Perceptual mapping and vector message-modeling, a method that creates 3-D models representing how groups conceptualize elements, were used to assess how male and female participants could be motivated to participate. Results showed men farther away from participation and more concerned with HIV disclosure and experimentation than women. Men expressed distrust of the medical system, doubted HIV's origin, and knew less about research implementation. Women were closer to participation in both behavior and medical trials and perceived medication issues as more significant, including fear of losing medication stability, medications not working, being in the placebo group, and experiencing side effects. Vector modeling shows that messages would need to focus on different aspects of clinical research for men and women and that interventions aimed at minority HIV+ patients to encourage clinical trial participation would need to be targeted to their unique perceptions. Understanding gender perceptions of HIV clinical research has significant implications for targeting messages to increase minority participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bauerle Bass
- a Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Caitlin Wolak
- a Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Judith Greener
- a Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ellen Tedaldi
- b Department of Medicine , Temple University Hospital , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Aasit Nanavati
- a Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University College of Public Health , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Katey Ruppert
- c Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , MA , USA
| | - Thomas F Gordon
- c Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell , MA , USA
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Young L, Montgomery M, Barnason S, Schmidt C, Do V. A Conceptual Framework for Barriers to the Recruitment and Retention of Rural CVD Participants in Behavior Intervention Trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:19-24. [PMID: 28580381 DOI: 10.5176/2010-4804_2.2.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural residents diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or with CVD-related risks are underrepresented in behavioral intervention trials based on an extensive review of published studies. The low participation rate of rural residents weakens both the internal and external validity of published studies. Moreover, compared to urban residents, limited research exists to describe the unique barriers that limit the participation of rural residents in behavioral intervention trials. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to identify a conceptual framework (CF) underpinning common barriers faced by rural CVD patients to enroll in behavioral intervention trials. METHODS We conducted a literature review using several electronic databases to obtain a representative sample of research articles, synthesized the evidence, and developed a CF to explain the barriers that may affect the research participation rate of rural residents with CVD or related risks. RESULTS We found our evidence-based CF well explained the barriers for rural CVD patients to take part in behavioral intervention trials. Besides contextual factors (i.e. patient, community and research levels), other common factors impacting rural patients' intent to enroll are lack of awareness and understanding about behavioral trials, limited support from their healthcare providers and social circles, unfavorable attitudes, and the lack of opportunity to participating research. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION OF RESULT The findings demonstrate the evidence-based model consisting of interlinked multi-level factors may help our understanding of the barriers encountered by rural CVD patients participating interventions to promote behavioral change. The implication for researchers is that identifying and developing strategies to overcome the barriers precedes conducting studies in rural communities.
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Leiter A, Diefenbach MA, Doucette J, Oh WK, Galsky MD. Clinical trial awareness: Changes over time and sociodemographic disparities. Clin Trials 2015; 12:215-23. [PMID: 25673636 DOI: 10.1177/1740774515571917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OR AIMS Lack of clinical trial awareness is a known obstacle to clinical trial enrollment. We sought to define the prevalence of clinical trial awareness in the US population, determine characteristics associated with increased trial awareness, and explore potential disparities in trial awareness. METHODS We utilized data from the Health Information National Trends Survey from 2008 and 2012. Logistic regression was utilized to assess predictors of clinical trial awareness, particularly sociodemographic variables and information-seeking preferences. Trial awareness and information-seeking preferences were compared in patient subgroups and between the two time periods. RESULTS Clinical trial awareness increased from 68% to 74% between 2008 and 2012. In the 2012 dataset, higher education level (odds ratio: 3.52, 95% confidence interval: 2.16-5.74), higher yearly income category (odds ratio: 1.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.17-2.89), and Internet use (odds ratio: 2.13, 95% confidence interval: 1.52-3.00) were significantly associated with clinical trial awareness. Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio: 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.68) was significantly associated with decreased awareness. Clinical trial awareness increased in African-American/Blacks (Δ10.6%) and Hispanics (Δ10.7%) between 2008 and 2012, as did Internet use in both subgroups (Δ14.2%, Δ18.1%, respectively). CONCLUSION Overall clinical trial awareness has increased between 2008 and 2012, although a large subset of the population still lacks general awareness of clinical trials. Racial and ethnic disparities in trial awareness exist, although disparities may be decreasing among the Black population. These findings may help target educational efforts and inform approaches to increasing trial awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leiter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Diefenbach
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Doucette
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William K Oh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Hughes-Morley A, Young B, Waheed W, Small N, Bower P. Factors affecting recruitment into depression trials: Systematic review, meta-synthesis and conceptual framework. J Affect Disord 2015; 172:274-90. [PMID: 25451427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common and clinical trials are crucial for evaluating treatments. Difficulties in recruiting participants into depression trials are well-documented, yet no study has examined the factors affecting recruitment. This review aims to identify the factors affecting recruitment into depression trials and to develop a conceptual framework through systematic assessment of published qualitative research. METHODS Systematic review and meta-synthesis of published qualitative studies. Meta-synthesis involves a synthesis of themes across a number of qualitative studies to produce findings that are "greater than the sum of the parts". ASSIA, CINAHL, Embase, Medline and PsychInfo were searched up to April 2013. Reference lists of included studies, key publications and relevant reviews were also searched. Quality appraisal adopted the "prompts for appraising qualitative research". RESULTS 7977 citations were identified, and 15 studies were included. Findings indicate that the decision to enter a depression trial is made by patients and gatekeepers based on the patient׳s health state at the time of being approached to participate; on their attitude towards the research and trial interventions; and on the extent to which patients become engaged with the trial. Our conceptual framework highlights that the decision to participate by both the patient and the gatekeeper involves a judgement between risk and reward. LIMITATIONS Only English language publications were included in this review. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this review have implications for the design of interventions to improve recruitment into depression trials. Such interventions may aim to diminish the perceived risks and increase the perceived rewards of participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwoa Hughes-Morley
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Bridget Young
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Waquas Waheed
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Small
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter Bower
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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London L, Hurtado-de-Mendoza A, Song M, Nagirimadugu A, Luta G, Sheppard VB. Motivators and barriers to Latinas' participation in clinical trials: the role of contextual factors. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 40:74-80. [PMID: 25433203 PMCID: PMC4357359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Latinas are underrepresented in clinical trials despite the rise in Hispanic population. This study examines the factors associated with Latinas' willingness to participate in preventive breast cancer randomized clinical trials (RCTs). METHODS Women self-identifying as Latina, over age 40, with no prior history of breast cancer were eligible. Using the Behavior Model for Vulnerable Populations, we administered a survey (n=168) to assess predisposing (e.g., knowledge), enabling (e.g., trust) and need factors (e.g., risk perception). Intention to participate was defined using a lenient (maybe, probably or definitely) and a stringent criterion (probably and definitely). Chi-square tests and logistic regression models examined the associations of predisposing, enabling, and need factors with women's intentions to participate in RCTs. RESULTS Most participants (74.9%) were monolingual Spanish-speaking immigrants. Most (83.9%) reported willing to participate in clinical trials using the lenient definition (vs. 43.1% under the stringent definition). Using the lenient definition, the odds of willing to participate in RCTs were significantly lower for unmarried women (OR=.25, 95% CI=.08-.79) and those with lower cancer risk perceptions (OR=.20, 95% CI=.06-.63), while being significantly higher for women with lower language acculturation (OR=6.2, 95% CI=1.8-20.9). Using the stringent definition, women who did not endorse a motivation to enroll to help family members (if they had cancer) had significantly lower odds to report intent (OR=.33, 95% CI=.13-.86). CONCLUSION Many RCTs may have limited generalizability due to the low representation of minorities. Culturally targeted interventions that address the importance of family for Latinos may ultimately increase their participation in RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laricca London
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alejandra Hurtado-de-Mendoza
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Cancer Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Minna Song
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Cancer Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ankita Nagirimadugu
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Cancer Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gheorghe Luta
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center and Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vanessa B Sheppard
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Cancer Program, Washington, DC, USA.
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Heller C, Balls-Berry JE, Nery JD, Erwin PJ, Littleton D, Kim M, Kuo WP. Strategies addressing barriers to clinical trial enrollment of underrepresented populations: a systematic review. Contemp Clin Trials 2014; 39:169-82. [PMID: 25131812 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in clinical trials remains a reality while they have disproportionately higher rates of health disparities. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify successful community-engaged interventions that included health care providers as a key strategy in addressing barriers to clinical trial enrollment of underrepresented patients. DESIGN A systematic review of the literature on interventions addressing enrollment barriers to clinical trials for racial and ethnic minorities was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO Megafile, and EBSCO CINAHL. The systematic review identified 360 studies, and 20 were selected using the inclusion criteria. An iterative process extracted information from the eligible studies. RESULTS The 20 selected studies were analyzed and then grouped by first author, nature of the clinical research initiative, priority populations, key strategies, and study outcomes. Nine of the studies addressed cancer clinical trials and 11 related to chronic medical conditions, including diabetes, hypertension management, and chronic kidney disease. The key strategies employed were categorized according to their presumed impact on barriers incurred at distinct steps in study recruitment: clinical trial awareness, opportunity to participate, and acceptance of enrollment. The strategies were further categorized by whether they would address barriers associated with minority perceptions of the research process and barriers related to how studies were designed and implemented. CONCLUSION Multiple and flexible strategies targeting providers and participants at provider sites and within communities might be needed to enroll underrepresented populations into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Heller
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Ethics, United States
| | - Joyce E Balls-Berry
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, United States; Mayo Clinic, Center for Clinical and Translational Science Office for Community Engagement in Research, United States.
| | - Jill Dumbauld Nery
- University of California San Diego, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, United States
| | | | | | - Mimi Kim
- NC TraCS Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; Center for Biobehavioral Health Disparities, United States
| | - Winston P Kuo
- Interferon Expression Signature Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Harvard Catalyst, Laboratory for Innovative Translational Technologies, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Cornu C, David F, Duchossoy L, Hansel-Esteller S, Bertoye PH, Giacomino A, Mouly S, Diebolt V, Blazejewski S. [Organising an investigation site: a national training reference document]. Therapie 2014; 69:367-81. [PMID: 24998702 DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2014029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several surveys have shown a declining performance of French investigators in conducting clinical trials. This is partly due to insufficient and heterogeneous investigator training and site organisation. A multidisciplinary group was set up to propose solutions. We describe the tools developed to improve study site organisation. RESULTS This working group was made up of clinical research experts from academia, industry, drug regulatory authorities, general practice, and consulting. Methods and tools were developed to improve site organisation. CONCLUSIONS The proposed tools mainly focus on increasing investigators' awareness of their responsibilities, their research environment, the importance of a thorough feasibility analysis, and the implementation of active patient recruitment strategies. These tools should be able to improve site organisation and performances in conducting clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cornu
- INSERM CIC201, CHU Lyon, Lyon, France - Service de Pharmacologie clinique, Lyon, France - Université de Lyon, UMR 5558, Lyon, France
| | - Frédérique David
- Assurance qualité et de la gouvernance médicale, Laboratoire GSK, Paris, France
| | - Luc Duchossoy
- Coordination des projets transverses, Laboratoire Sanofi, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Alain Giacomino
- Faculté de médecine de Tours ; Maison de santé pluri-professionnelle universitaire du Veron, Avoine, France
| | - Stéphane Mouly
- Université Paris Cité-Diderot, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Diebolt
- French-Clinical Research Infrastructures Network, Toulouse, France
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Fouad MN, Johnson RE, Nagy MC, Person SD, Partridge EE. Adherence and retention in clinical trials: a community-based approach. Cancer 2014; 120 Suppl 7:1106-12. [PMID: 24643648 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Community Health Advisor (CHA) model has been widely used to recruit rural and low-income, mostly African American women into clinical and behavioral research studies. However, little is known about its effectiveness in promoting retention and adherence of such women in clinical trials. METHODS The Community-Based Retention Intervention Study evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based intervention strategy using the CHA model and the empowerment theory to improve the retention and adherence of minority and low-income women in clinical trials. The research strategy included the training and use of the volunteer CHAs as research partners. The target population included women participating in the University of Alabama at Birmingham clinical site of the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance-Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (ASCUS-LSIL) Triage Study (ALTS), a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Two communities in Jefferson County, Alabama, that were matched according to population demographics were identified and randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. Thirty community volunteers were recruited to be CHAs and to implement the intervention with the ALTS trial participants. In total, 632 ALTS participants agreed to participate in the project, including 359 in the intervention group, which received CHA care, and 273 in the control group, which received standard care. RESULTS Adherence rates for scheduled clinic visits were significantly higher in the intervention group (80%) compared with the control group (65%; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that volunteer CHAs can be trained to serve as research partners and can be effective in improving the retention and adherence of minority and low-income women in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Fouad
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Mazouni C, Deneuve J, Arnedos M, Prenois F, Saghatchian M, André F, Bourgier C, Delaloge S. Decision-making from multidisciplinary team meetings to the bedside: Factors influencing the recruitment of breast cancer patients into clinical trials. Breast 2014; 23:170-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Baquet CR. A model for bidirectional community-academic engagement (CAE): overview of partnered research, capacity enhancement, systems transformation, and public trust in research. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2014; 23:1806-24. [PMID: 23698691 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2012.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The University of Maryland's Office of Policy and Planning in collaboration with urban and rural community partners, planned and implemented a model for community-academic engagement (CAE) in partnered research and programs. The model addressed health disparities, cancer and tobacco-related diseases, and public trust in research. Environments have flourished that resulted in bidirectional community-academic interactions, and led to transformation of the academic environment and community capacity to identify and address health issues. This collaborative model produced: • enhanced public trust in research; and • enhanced community and Academic Health Center (AHC) capacity to address community health needs as partners. A unique feature of this model is AHC's shared grant funding with community partners serving diverse and medically underserved communities for predetermined roles in research, policy and educational programs. Over $18 million in grant funding was provided to community organizations. This paper presents an overview of this model as a case study.
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Bhatnagar S, Hoberman A, Kearney DH, Shaikh N, Moxey-Mims MM, Chesney RW, Carpenter MA, Greenfield SP, Keren R, Mattoo TK, Mathews R, Gravens-Mueller L, Ivanova A. Development and impact of an intervention to boost recruitment in a multicenter pediatric randomized clinical trial. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2014; 53:151-7. [PMID: 24151147 PMCID: PMC4086359 DOI: 10.1177/0009922813506961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our primary objective was to develop and evaluate an intervention to increase recruitment in a multicenter pediatric randomized clinical trial (RCT). Our secondary objective was to assess the impact beyond 120 days. METHODS The study was conducted at 17 academic centers participating in a pediatric RCT. The intervention consisted of utilizing a recruitment assessment tool at a site visit or teleconference with key site personnel. RESULTS We found a significant increase in the number of individuals enrolled for all 17 sites at 120 days postintervention (mean = 1.12 per site; median = 1 per site; 95% confidence interval = 1-2; P = .04). No significant differences were apparent beyond the first 120 days postintervention. CONCLUSIONS Successful recruitment in RCTs is essential to the quality, generalizability, and cost-effectiveness of clinical research. Implementation of this recruitment intervention may effectively increase recruitment in RCTs. Beyond the first 120 days postintervention, repeated interventions may be required. What is new? Despite general and pediatric-specific challenges to recruitment in RCTs, a paucity of evidence exists on effective recruitment strategies or assessment tools to reliably enhance recruitment. We developed a recruitment intervention for use in RCTs that enables clinical researchers to enhance recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Bhatnagar
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alejandro Hoberman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Diana H. Kearney
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nader Shaikh
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marva M. Moxey-Mims
- NIH/National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Russell W. Chesney
- Le Bonheur Children’s Medical Center, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Myra A. Carpenter
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Saul P. Greenfield
- Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo, Division of Pediatric Urology, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ron Keren
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ranjiv Mathews
- The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Children’s Urology Associates, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa Gravens-Mueller
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Akard TF, Gilmer MJ, Miller K, Steele AC, Hancock K, Barrera M, Compas B, Davies B, Dietrich MS, Fairclough DL, Hogan NS, Vannatta K, Gerhardt CA. Factors affecting recruitment and participation of bereaved parents and siblings in grief research. PROGRESS IN PALLIATIVE CARE 2013; 22:75-79. [PMID: 25197172 PMCID: PMC4096291 DOI: 10.1179/1743291x13y.0000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study examined participation factors in a study of families (N = 84) within 1 year of a child's cancer-related death. Specific aims were to examine associations between: (a) recruitment variables (number of phone calls made to eligible families, number of calls answered by eligible families) and participation rates (study agreement and refusal) and (b) characteristics of deceased children (gender, age, length of illness, time since death) and participation rates. Characteristics of deceased children did not differ between participating and non-participating families. Researchers made significantly fewer calls to participating versus refusing families. Participating families most often agreed during the first successful call connection, and more calls did not mean more recruitment success. Thus, it is reasonable to limit the number of calls made to bereaved families. Despite recruitment challenges, many bereaved parents and siblings are willing and interested to participate in grief research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Betty Davies
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn Vannatta
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Tramm R, Daws K, Schadewaldt V. Clinical trial recruitment--a complex intervention? J Clin Nurs 2013; 22:2436-43. [PMID: 23551393 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To discuss the evidence of poor recruitment rates in randomised clinical trials and relate this to existing recruitment methodology before a novel approach to recruitment is suggested. BACKGROUND Recruitment is crucial to the success of research projects. Effective recruitment leads to effective retention, an increased pool of data and in-time completion of projects. Robust evidence indicates that recruitment remains a challenge in many clinical trials. DESIGN Discursive article. METHODS The complexity of recruitment is mandated based on the findings from a literature review that summarises common threats to successful recruitment. Nursing theories and models that incorporate recruitment are critically reviewed before recruiting, and its planning is related to existing complex intervention methodology. CONCLUSION Threats to sufficient recruitment are inherent in the planning of studies, the recruiting process and triadic relationships between institutions, recruiter and participants. Existing nursing theories and models address important recruitment issues but do not account for all aspects that jeopardise sufficient recruitment. Hence, available frameworks for complex intervention planning and evaluation are useful to guide recruitment and its planning as an umbrella methodology. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Using complex intervention methodology for recruitment and its planning enhances a nurse researcher's awareness of the challenges and pitfalls recruitment poses and may translate to improved recruitment rates and overall success of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tramm
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Close S, Smaldone A, Fennoy I, Reame N, Grey M. Using information technology and social networking for recruitment of research participants: experience from an exploratory study of pediatric Klinefelter syndrome. J Med Internet Res 2013; 15:e48. [PMID: 23512442 PMCID: PMC3636115 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recruiting pediatric samples for research may be challenging due to parental mistrust of the research process, privacy concerns, and family time constraints. Recruitment of children with chronic and genetic conditions may further complicate the enrollment process. Objective In this paper, we describe the methodological challenges of recruiting children for research and provide an exemplar of how the use of information technology (IT) strategies with social networking may improve access to difficult-to-reach pediatric research participants. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study of boys between the ages of 8 and 18 years with Klinefelter syndrome. This study presented unique challenges for recruitment of pediatric participants. These challenges are illustrated by the report of recruitment activities developed for the study. We reviewed the literature to explore the issues of recruiting children for research using conventional and IT approaches. Success rates of conventional recruitment approaches, such as brochures, flyers in medical offices, and physician referrals, are compared with IT-based outreach. The IT approaches included teleconferencing via a Klinefelter syndrome support group, services of a Web-based commercial recruitment-matching company, and the development of a university-affiliated research recruitment website with the use of paid advertising on a social networking website (Facebook). Results Over a 3-month period, dissemination of over 150 recruitment brochures and flyers placed in a large urban hospital and hospital-affiliated clinical offices, with 850 letters to physicians and patients were not successful. Within the same period, face-to-face recruitment in the clinical setting yielded 4 (9%) participants. Using Web-based and social networking approaches, 39 (91%) agreed to participate in the study. With these approaches, 5 (12%) were recruited from the national Klinefelter syndrome advocacy group, 8 (19%) from local and teleconference support groups, 10 (23%) from a Web-based research recruitment program, and 16 (37%) from the university-affiliated recruitment website. For the initial 6 months, the university website was viewed approximately 2 to 3 times per day on average. An advertisement placed on a social networking site for 1 week increased website viewing to approximately 63 visits per day. Out of 112 families approached using all of these methods, 43 (38%) agreed to participate. Families who declined cited either travel distance to the study site (15, 22%) or unwillingness to disclose the Klinefelter syndrome diagnosis to their sons (54, 78%) as the reasons for nonparticipation. Conclusions Use of Web-based technologies enhances the recruitment of difficult-to-reach populations. Of the many approaches employed in this study, the university-affiliated recruitment website supported by a Facebook advertisement appeared to be the most successful. Research grant budgets should include expenses for website registration and maintenance fees as well as online advertisements on social networking websites. Tracking of recruitment referral sources may be helpful in planning future recruitment campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharron Close
- Yale University, School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
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Abstract
Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) is an option occurring in clinical practice. National clinical guidelines on providing the option of FPDR are available from the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, American Heart Association, Emergency Nurses Association, and Society of Critical Care Medicine. The FPDR option currently remains controversial, underutilized, and not the usual practice with trauma patients. This article is based on the methodological and practical research challenges associated with an ongoing study to examine the effects of the FPDR option on family outcomes in patients experiencing critical injury after motor vehicle crashes and gunshot wounds. The primary aim of this study was to examine the effects of the FPDR option on family outcomes of anxiety, stress, well-being, and satisfaction and compare those outcomes in families who participate in FPDR to those families who do not participate in FPDR. Examples of real clinical challenges faced by the researchers are described throughout this article. Research challenges include design, sampling, inclusion/exclusion criteria, human subjects, and procedures. Recruitment of family members who participated in the FPDR option is a complex process, especially after admission to the critical care unit.
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Wallington SF, Luta G, Noone AM, Caicedo L, Lopez-Class M, Sheppard V, Spencer C, Mandelblatt J. Assessing the awareness of and willingness to participate in cancer clinical trials among immigrant Latinos. J Community Health 2012; 37:335-43. [PMID: 21805372 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-011-9450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials are considered the gold standard of evidence about the efficacy of cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment interventions. A paucity of data exists on determinants of clinical trial participation in the growing US Latino population despite poor cancer outcomes in this group. This study seeks to describe correlates of awareness of and willingness to participate in clinical trials among largely Central, North, and South American Latinos using safety-net clinics. Between June 2007 and November 2008, we conducted an interviewer-administered, Spanish-language cross-sectional survey (n = 944). Logistic regression was used to assess effects of health information sources and psychosocial variables on awareness of and intention to participate in clinical trials. Analyses were completed in spring 2010. While only 48% knew what a clinical trial was, when explained, 65% indicated a willingness to participate. Providers were the most common source of health information. Use of Internet for health information, trust in health information, and higher education each independently increased the odds of clinical trial awareness, but obtaining information from providers did not. Contacting the Cancer Information Service and psychosocial factors were each independently associated with intent to join a clinical trial, while demographic factors were not. Information channels such as the Internet may be effective in conveying clinical trial information to Latinos. Providers being cited as the most common source of health information but not being associated with knowledge about or intent to participate in trials suggests a missed opportunity for communication to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrie Flynt Wallington
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Research Building, W326A, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncology literature cites that only 2% to 4% of patients participate in research. Up to 85% of patients are unaware that clinical trials research is being conducted at their treatment facility or that they might be eligible to participate. OBJECTIVES It was hypothesized that patients' satisfaction with information regarding clinical trials would improve after targeted educational interventions, and accruals to clinical trials would increase in the year following those interventions. METHODS All new patients referred to the cancer center over a 4-month period were mailed a baseline survey to assess their knowledge of clinical research. Subsequently, educational interventions were provided, including an orientation session highlighting clinical trials, a pamphlet, and a reference to a clinical trials Web site. A postintervention survey was sent to the responders of the initial survey 3 months after the initial mailing. RESULTS Patient satisfaction with information significantly increased after the interventions. There was no increase in subsequent enrollment in clinical trials. Patients who indicated an inclination to participate in clinical trials tended to have greater satisfaction with the information they received. CONCLUSIONS A set of educational interventions designed for cancer patients significantly improved their satisfaction with information on clinical research, but did not improve clinical trial enrollment of these participants as of 1 year after the study. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The development of educational interventions may be justified, but such interventions may require prolonged implementation to establish benefit. Information relating to research may be most effectively delivered by patients' primary cancer care providers.
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Kumar N, Crocker T, Smith T, Pow-Sang J, Spiess PE, Egan K, Quinn G, Schell M, Sebti S, Kazi A, Chuang T, Salup R, Helal M, Zagaja G, Trabulsi E, McLarty J, Fazili T, Williams CR, Schreiber F, Slaton J, Anderson JK. Challenges and potential solutions to meeting accrual goals in a Phase II chemoprevention trial for prostate cancer. Contemp Clin Trials 2011; 33:279-85. [PMID: 22101219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this report is to describe the on going strategies, successes, challenges and solutions for recruitment in this multi-center, phase II chemoprevention trial targeting men at high risk for prostate cancer. METHODS We developed and implemented a multi-center clinical trial in institutions with supportive infrastructure, lead by a recruitment team of experienced and committed physicians and clinical trial staff, implementing multi-media and community outreach strategies to meet recruitment goals. Screening logs were reviewed to identify trends as well as patient, protocol and infrastructure -related barriers impacting accrual and revisions to protocol implemented. RESULTS Between January 2008 and February 2011 a total of 3547 individuals were prescreened with 94% (n=3092) determined to be ineligible based on diagnosis of cancer or benign biopsy results. Of these, 216 were considered eligible for further screening with 52% (n=113) declining to participate due to patient related factors and 14% (n=29) eliminated due to protocol-related criteria for exclusion. Ninety-four (94) subjects consented to participate with 34% of these subjects (n=74) meeting all eligibility criteria to be randomized to receive study agent or placebo. Across all sites, 99% of the recruitment of subjects in this clinical trial is via physician recruitment and referral with less than 1% responding to other recruitment strategies. CONCLUSION A contemporary approach to subject recruitment and frequent evaluation is needed to assure responsiveness to emerging challenges to accrual and the evolving scientific literature. A focus on investing on improving systems for physician recruitment may be key to meeting recruitment target in chemoprevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagi Kumar
- Department of Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute at University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Nelson S, Milgrom P. Minority participation in a school-based randomized clinical trial of tooth decay prevention in the United States. Contemp Clin Trials 2011; 33:60-6. [PMID: 21986390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the strategies-based on the social triad concept of a partnership of researchers, school personnel and community-employed to recruit low-income, minority parent/caregivers of kindergarten children into a school-based tooth decay prevention trial in the United States. METHODS The study site was an urban school district with five elementary schools. Recruitment was carried out once each year for three years. Recruitment involved strategies at the school district, school, classroom, and student-parent level. A coalition of researchers, school personnel and community individuals was established for communication and recruitment. Outreach workers from the community were hired to promote, recruit, and disseminate oral health information. Study promotion included both print materials (logos, flyers, pictorial story boards) and presentations at school and community events. RESULTS The School District Superintendent and administrators approved the study, and all five school principals and kindergarten teachers participated. All children within the classrooms were eligible: the overall participation rate of was 86% (580/672). Community outreach workers actively facilitated the recruitment and participants were recruited at open house for parent-teacher meeting (37% of all participants), sending letters and consent forms home (31%), at a prearranged convenient time during drop off and pick up of the child at their respective schools (30%), curriculum nights and health fairs (2%). CONCLUSION Utilizing the social triad concept led to success in planning and carrying out the recruitment of predominantly minority school children with high participation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Nelson
- School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4905, USA.
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Subject Recruitment and Retention against Quadruple Challenges in an Intervention Trial of End-of-Life Communication. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2010; 12:312-318. [PMID: 20936087 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0b013e3181ec9dd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of end-of-life care face difficulties associated with enrollment and attrition. Information and exemplars can help end-of-life care researchers anticipate such difficulties and customize recruitment and retention strategies to achieve planned sample sizes. We analyzed data on recruitment and retention efforts used in a clinical trial of an end-of-life communication intervention that involved African American dialysis patients and their chosen surrogate decision makers. Despite the challenges the trial faced (e.g., recruiting a minority group of patients who were seriously ill, had a surrogate decision maker willing to join the study, and were willing to engage in end-of-life discussions), the planned sample size was met, and nearly 90% of the participants completed the study. Various strategies were used to sustain accrual during the study. Although a total of 16 contacts per dyad had been planned from enrollment to 3-months data collection, 27 contacts were actually needed. The strategies and procedures used in this study may be pertinent to other studies that involve African Americans with serious illness and require dyadic participation.
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Ross LF, Loup A, Nelson RM, Botkin JR, Kost R, Smith GR, Gehlert S. Nine key functions for a human subjects protection program for community-engaged research: points to consider. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2010; 5:33-47. [PMID: 20235862 PMCID: PMC2963647 DOI: 10.1525/jer.2010.5.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ethical conduct of Community-Engaged Research (CEnR), of which the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) model is the partnership model most widely discussed in the CEnR literature and is the primary model we draw upon in this discussion, requires an integrated and comprehensive human subjects protection (HSP) program that addresses the additional concerns salient to CEnR where members of a community are both research partners and participants. As delineated in the federal regulations, the backbone of a HSP program is the fulfillment of nine functions: (1) minimize risks; (2) reasonable benefit-risk ratio; (3) fair subject selection; (4) adequate monitoring; (5) informed consent; (6) privacy and confidentiality; (7) conflicts of interest; (8) address vulnerabilities; and (9) HSP training. The federal regulations, however, do not consider the risks and harms that may occur to groups, and these risks have not traditionally been included in the benefit: risk analysis nor have they been incorporated into an HSP framework. We explore additional HSP issues raised by CEnR within these nine ethical functions. Various entities exist that can provide HSP---the investigator, the Institutional Review Board, the Conflict of Interest Committee, the Research Ethics Consultation program, the Research Subject Advocacy program, the Data and Safety Monitoring Plan, and the Community Advisory Board. Protection is best achieved if these entities are coordinated to ensure that no gaps exist, to minimize unnecessary redundancy, and to provide checks and balances between the different entities of HSP and the nine functions that they must realize. The document is structured to provide a "points-to-consider" roadmap for HSP entities to help them adequately address the nine key functions necessary to provide adequate protection of individuals and communities in CEnR.
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Vickers AJ, Scardino PT. The clinically-integrated randomized trial: proposed novel method for conducting large trials at low cost. Trials 2009; 10:14. [PMID: 19265515 PMCID: PMC2656491 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-10-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Randomized controlled trials provide the best method of determining which of two comparable treatments is preferable. Unfortunately, contemporary randomized trials have become increasingly expensive, complex and burdened by regulation, so much so that many trials are of doubtful feasibility. DISCUSSION Here we present a proposal for a novel, streamlined approach to randomized trials: the "clinically-integrated randomized trial". The key aspect of our methodology is that the clinical experience of the patient and doctor is virtually indistinguishable whether or not the patient is randomized, primarily because outcome data are obtained from routine clinical data, or from short, web-based questionnaires. Integration of a randomized trial into routine clinical practice also implies that there should be an attempt to randomize every patient, a corollary of which is that eligibility criteria are minimized. The similar clinical experience of patients on- and off-study also entails that the marginal cost of putting an additional patient on trial is negligible. We propose examples of how the clinically-integrated randomized trial might be applied in four distinct areas of medicine: comparisons of surgical techniques, "me too" drugs, rare diseases and lifestyle interventions. Barriers to implementing clinically-integrated randomized trials are discussed. CONCLUSION The proposed clinically-integrated randomized trial may allow us to enlarge dramatically the number of clinical questions that can be addressed by randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Vickers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, NY, NY 10021, USA.
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