1
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Sukhtankar DD, Fung JJ, Kim MN, Cayton T, Chiou V, Caculitan NG, Zalicki P, Kim S, Jo Y, Kim S, Lee JM, Choi J, Mun S, Chin A, Jang Y, Lee JY, Kim G, Kim EH, Huh WK, Jeong JY, Seen DS, Cardarelli PM. GPC-100, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, improves in vivo hematopoietic cell mobilization when combined with propranolol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287863. [PMID: 37878624 PMCID: PMC10599528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) is increasingly used to treat hematological malignancies. A key requisite for ASCT is mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood, where they are collected by apheresis and stored for later transplantation. However, success is often hindered by poor mobilization due to factors including prior treatments. The combination of G-CSF and GPC-100, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4, showed potential in a multiple myeloma clinical trial for sufficient and rapid collection of CD34+ stem cells, compared to the historical results from the standards of care, G-CSF alone or G-CSF with plerixafor, also a CXCR4 antagonist. In the present study, we show that GPC-100 has high affinity towards the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and it potently inhibits β-arrestin recruitment, calcium flux and cell migration mediated by its ligand CXCL12. Proximity Ligation Assay revealed that in native cell systems with endogenous receptor expression, CXCR4 co-localizes with the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Co-treatment with CXCL12 and the β2AR agonist epinephrine synergistically increases β-arrestin recruitment to CXCR4 and calcium flux. This increase is blocked by the co-treatment with GPC-100 and propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker, indicating a functional synergy. In mice, GPC-100 mobilized more white blood cells into peripheral blood compared to plerixafor. GPC-100 induced mobilization was further amplified by propranolol pretreatment and was comparable to mobilization by G-CSF. Addition of propranolol to the G-CSF and GPC-100 combination resulted in greater stem cell mobilization than the G-CSF and plerixafor combination. Together, our studies suggest that the combination of GPC-100 and propranolol is a novel strategy for stem cell mobilization and support the current clinical trial in multiple myeloma registered as NCT05561751 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devki D. Sukhtankar
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Juan José Fung
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Mi-na Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Cayton
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie Chiou
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Niña G. Caculitan
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Piotr Zalicki
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Sujeong Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Jo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SoHui Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Choi
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ashley Chin
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Yongdae Jang
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowoon Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pina M. Cardarelli
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
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2
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Yang L, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Chen N, Chen F, Qi Y, Han C, Xu Y, Chen M, Shen M, Wang S, Zeng H, Su Y, Hu M, Wang J. Oxymatrine boosts hematopoietic regeneration by modulating MAPK/ERK phosphorylation after irradiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Exp Cell Res 2023; 427:113603. [PMID: 37075826 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic toxicity due to ionizing radiation (IR) is a leading cause of death in nuclear incidents, occupational hazards, and cancer therapy. Oxymatrine (OM), an extract originating from the root of Sophora flavescens (Kushen), possesses extensive pharmacological properties. In this study, we demonstrate that OM treatment accelerates hematological recovery and increases the survival rate of mice subjected to irradiation. This outcome is accompanied by an increase in functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), resulting in an enhanced hematopoietic reconstitution ability. Mechanistically, we observed significant activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, accelerated cellular proliferation, and decreased cell apoptosis. Notably, we identified marked increases in the cell cycle transcriptional regulator Cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) and the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 in HSC after OM treatment. Further investigation revealed that the expression of Ccnd1 transcript and BCL2 levels were reversed upon specific inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, effectively negating the rescuing effect of OM. Moreover, we determined that targeted inhibition of ERK1/2 activation significantly counteracted the regenerative effect of OM on human HSCs. Taken together, our results suggest a crucial role for OM in hematopoietic reconstitution following IR via MAPK signaling pathway-mediated mechanisms, providing theoretical support for innovative therapeutic applications of OM in addressing IR-induced injuries in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yukai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 958 Hospital of PLA Army, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Naicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Changhao Han
- Department of Hematology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Hao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China; Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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3
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Kapoor A, Padmavathi A, Madhwal S, Mukherjee T. Dual control of dopamine in Drosophila myeloid-like progenitor cell proliferation and regulation of lymph gland growth. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52951. [PMID: 35476897 PMCID: PMC9171693 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, definitive haematopoiesis takes place in a specialized organ termed "lymph gland". It harbours multi-potent stem-like blood progenitor cells whose development controls overall growth of this haematopoietic tissue and formation of mature blood cells. With respect to its development, neurotransmitters have emerged as potent regulators of blood-progenitor cell development and function. In this study, we extend our understanding of neurotransmitters and show that progenitors are self-sufficient with regard to synthesizing dopamine, a well-established neurotransmitter. These cells also have modules for dopamine sensing through the receptor and transporter. We found that modulating expression of these components in progenitor cells affected lymph gland growth, which suggested growth-promoting function of dopamine in blood-progenitor cells. Cell-cycle analysis of developing lymph glands revealed an unexpected requirement for intracellular dopamine in moderating the progression of early progenitor cells from S to G2 phase of the cell cycle, while activation of dopamine receptor signalling later in development regulated their progression from G2 and entry into mitosis. The dual capacity in which dopamine operated, first intracellularly to coordinate S/G2 transition and later extracellularly in G2/M transition, was critical for the growth of the lymph gland. Overall, the data presented highlight a novel non-canonical use of dopamine in the myeloid system that reveals an uncharacterized function of intracellular dopamine in cell-cycle phasing with outcomes on haematopoietic growth and immunity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kapoor
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Achalla Padmavathi
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Sukanya Madhwal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Tina Mukherjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
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4
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Inflammation Regulates Haematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Niche. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031125. [PMID: 35163048 PMCID: PMC8835214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow and are supported by the specialised microenvironment, a niche to maintain HSC quiescence. To deal with haematopoietic equilibrium disrupted during inflammation, HSCs are activated from quiescence directly and indirectly to generate more mature immune cells, especially the myeloid lineage cells. In the process of proliferation and differentiation, HSCs gradually lose their self-renewal potential. The extensive inflammation might cause HSC exhaustion/senescence and malignant transformation. Here, we summarise the current understanding of how HSC functions are maintained, damaged, or exhausted during acute, prolonged, and pathological inflammatory conditions. We also highlight the inflammation-altered HSC niche and its impact on escalating the insults on HSCs.
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5
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Vasin MV. B-190 (Indralin) in Light of the History of the Formation of Ideas about the Mechanism of Action of Radioprotectors. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Sinha S, Biswas M, Chatterjee SS, Kumar S, Sengupta A. Pbrm1 Steers Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Osteolineage Differentiation by Integrating PBAF-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling and BMP/TGF-β Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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7
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Nguyen LV, Ta QV, Dang TB, Nguyen PH, Nguyen T, Pham TVH, Nguyen THT, Baker S, Le Tran T, Yang DJ, Kim KW, Doan KV. Carvedilol improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in treatment of adrenergic overdrive in high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224674. [PMID: 31682617 PMCID: PMC6827914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine excess reflecting an adrenergic overdrive of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) has been proposed to link to hyperleptinemia in obesity and may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. However, relationship between the catecholamine level and plasma leptin in obesity has not yet been investigated. Moreover, whether pharmacological blockade of the adrenergic overdrive in obesity by the third-generation beta-blocker agents such as carvedilol could help to prevent metabolic disorders is controversial and remains to be determined. Using the high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model, we found that basal plasma norepinephrine, the principal catecholamine as an index of SNS activity, was persistently elevated and highly correlated with plasma leptin concentration during obesity development. Targeting the adrenergic overdrive from this chronic norepinephrine excess in HFD-induced obesity with carvedilol, a third-generation beta-blocker with vasodilating action, blunted the HFD-induced hepatic glucose over-production by suppressing the induction of gluconeogenic enzymes, and enhanced the muscular insulin signaling pathway. Furthermore, carvedilol treatment in HFD-induced obese mice decreased the enlargement of white adipose tissue and improved the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity without affecting body weight and blood glucose levels. Our results suggested that catecholamine excess in obesity might directly link to the hyperleptinemic condition and the therapeutic targeting of chronic adrenergic overdrive in obesity with carvedilol might be helpful to attenuate obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh V. Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
| | - Quang V. Ta
- School of Biotechnology, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
| | - Thao B. Dang
- School of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
| | | | - Thach Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
| | | | - Trang HT. Nguyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Le Tran
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Joo Yang
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (KWK); (KVD)
| | - Khanh V. Doan
- School of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Viet Nam
- * E-mail: (KWK); (KVD)
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8
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Serotonin, hematopoiesis and stem cells. Pharmacol Res 2019; 140:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Insight into stem cell regulation from sub-lethally irradiated worms. Gene 2018; 662:37-45. [PMID: 29627527 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant advances in the comprehension of stem cell control network, the nature of extrinsic signals regulating their dynamic remains to be understood. In this paper, we take advantage of the stem cell repopulation process that follows low-dose X-ray treatment in planarians to identify genes, preferentially enriched in differentiated cells, whose expression is activated during the process. Genetic silencing of some of them impaired the stem cell repopulation, suggesting a tight extrinsic control of stem cell activity.
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10
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The temporospatial pattern of energy metabolism coordinates the interactions between the bones and other organ systems. J Oral Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells secrete endocannabinoids that stimulate in vitro hematopoietic stem cell migration effectively comparable to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Exp Hematol 2018; 57:30-41.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Khatib-Massalha E, Lapid K, Golan K, Kollet O, Gur-Cohen S, Bitan M, Kumari A, Lapidot T. Interactions Between Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and the Bone Marrow. Hematology 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35762-3.00014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Redondo PA, Pavlou M, Loizidou M, Cheema U. Elements of the niche for adult stem cell expansion. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417725464. [PMID: 28890779 PMCID: PMC5574483 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417725464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are crucial for tissue homeostasis. These cells reside within exclusive locations in tissues, termed niches, which protect adult stem cell fidelity and regulate their many functions through biophysical-, biochemical- and cellular-mediated mechanisms. There is a growing understanding of how these mechanisms and their components contribute towards maintaining stem cell quiescence, self-renewal, expansion and differentiation patterns. In vitro expansion of adult stem cells is a powerful tool for understanding stem cell biology, and for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, it is technically challenging, since adult stem cell removal from their native microenvironment has negative repercussions on their sustainability. In this review, we overview specific elements of the biomimetic niche and how recreating such elements can help in vitro propagation of adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Redondo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Pavlou
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Umber Cheema
- Institute of Orthopaedics & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
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14
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Dubový P, Klusáková I, Kučera L, Osičková J, Chovancová J, Loja T, Mayer J, Doubek M, Joukal M. Local chemical sympathectomy of rat bone marrow and its effect on marrow cell composition. Auton Neurosci 2017; 206:19-27. [PMID: 28688831 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Existing experimental studies of the effect of sympathetic nerve fibers on bone marrow cells are based on the systemic administration of neurotoxic 6-hydroxydopamine. The method of global chemical sympathectomy has some serious disadvantages and could lead to questionable results. We describe a new method of local chemical sympathectomy of rat femoral bone marrow using guanethidine (Ismelin) delivery using an osmotic mini pump. Local guanethidine treatment for 14days led to complete elimination of sympathetic fibers in femoral bone marrow in contrast to bone marrow of contralateral or naïve femurs. Ablation of sympathetic fibers was associated with a loss of rat endothelial cell marker (RECA) indicating immunophenotype changes in blood vessel endothelial cells, but no significant effect of guanethidine was found on the survival of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Moreover, local guanethidine treatment also elicited a significant reduction of Nestin+/SDF1+ mesenchymal stem cells and c-Kit+/CD90+ hematopoietic stem cells in femoral bone marrow. Tissue-specific chemical sympathectomy of rat bone marrow by guanethidine overcomes some of the drawbacks of systemic administration of neurotoxic compounds like 6-hydroxydopamine and delivers unequivocal evidence on the effects of sympathetic innervation on the cell content of bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.
| | - I Klusáková
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - L Kučera
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - J Osičková
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Chovancová
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - T Loja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Doubek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Czech Republic
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15
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Bone Marrow Homing and Engraftment Defects of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2017; 9:e2017032. [PMID: 28512561 PMCID: PMC5419183 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2017.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Homing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) to their microenvironment niches in the bone marrow is a complex process with a critical role in repopulation of the bone marrow after transplantation. This active process allows for migration of HSC from peripheral blood and their successful anchoring in bone marrow before proliferation. The process of engraftment starts with the onset of proliferation and must, therefore, be functionally dissociated from the former process. In this overview, we analyze the characteristics of stem cells (SCs) with particular emphasis on their plasticity and ability to find their way home to the bone marrow. We also address the problem of graft failure which remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Within this context, we discuss non-malignant and malignant hematological disorders treated with reduced-intensity conditioning regimens or grafts from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donors.
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16
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Parrado AC, Salaverry LS, Mangone FM, Apicella CE, Gentile T, Canellada A, Rey-Roldán EB. Differential Response of Dopamine Mediated by β-Adrenergic Receptors in Human Keratinocytes and Macrophages: Potential Implication in Wound Healing. Neuroimmunomodulation 2017. [PMID: 29514151 DOI: 10.1159/000486241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dopamine is an immunomodulatory neurotransmitter. In the skin, keratinocytes and macrophages produce proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs) which participate in wound healing. These cells have a catecholaminergic system that modulates skin pathophysiologic processes. We have demonstrated that dopamine modulates cytokine production in keratinocytes via dopaminergic and adrenergic receptors (ARs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dopamine and its interaction with β-ARs in human HaCaT keratinocytes and THP-1 macrophages. We evaluated the production of inflammatory mediators implicated in wound healing. METHODS Cells were stimulated with dopamine in the absence or presence of the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Wound closure, MMP activity, and the production of IL-8, IL-1β, and IκB/NFκB pathway activation were determined in stimulated cells. RESULTS Dopamine did not affect the wound closure in human keratinocytes, but diminished the propranolol stimulatory effect, thus delaying cell migration. Similarly, dopamine significantly decreased MMP-9 activity and the propranolol-induced MMP activity. Dopamine significantly increased the p65-NFκB subunit levels in the nuclear extracts, which were reduced in the presence of propranolol in keratinocytes. On the other hand, dopamine significantly increased MMP-9 activity in THP-1 macrophages, but did not modify the propranolol-increased enzymatic activity. Dopamine significantly increased IL-8 production in human macrophages, an effect that was partially reduced by propranolol. Dopamine did not modify the p65-NFκB levels in the nuclear extracts in THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSION We suggest that the effect of dopamine via β-ARs depends on the physiological condition and the cell type involved, thus contributing to either improve or interfere with the healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cecilia Parrado
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral R.A. Margni (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Soledad Salaverry
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral R.A. Margni (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Franco Mauricio Mangone
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral R.A. Margni (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Eugenia Apicella
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Gentile
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Canellada
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral R.A. Margni (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela Beatriz Rey-Roldán
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral R.A. Margni (UBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Immunomodulatory Effects Mediated by Dopamine. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:3160486. [PMID: 27795960 PMCID: PMC5067323 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3160486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), has modulatory functions at the systemic level. The peripheral and central nervous systems have independent dopaminergic system (DAS) that share mechanisms and molecular machinery. In the past century, experimental evidence has accumulated on the proteins knowledge that is involved in the synthesis, reuptake, and transportation of DA in leukocytes and the differential expression of the D1-like (D1R and D5R) and D2-like receptors (D2R, D3R, and D4R). The expression of these components depends on the state of cellular activation and the concentration and time of exposure to DA. Receptors that are expressed in leukocytes are linked to signaling pathways that are mediated by changes in cAMP concentration, which in turn triggers changes in phenotype and cellular function. According to the leukocyte lineage, the effects of DA are associated with such processes as respiratory burst, cytokine and antibody secretion, chemotaxis, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. In clinical conditions such as schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, Tourette syndrome, and multiple sclerosis (MS), there are evident alterations during immune responses in leukocytes, in which changes in DA receptor density have been observed. Several groups have proposed that these findings are useful in establishing clinical status and clinical markers.
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18
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Golpanian S, Wolf A, Hatzistergos KE, Hare JM. Rebuilding the Damaged Heart: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell-Based Therapy, and Engineered Heart Tissue. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1127-68. [PMID: 27335447 PMCID: PMC6345247 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00019.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are broadly distributed cells that retain postnatal capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. MSCs evade immune detection, secrete an array of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic mediators, and very importantly activate resident precursors. These properties form the basis for the strategy of clinical application of cell-based therapeutics for inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. In cardiovascular medicine, administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs in patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy holds significant promise. Numerous preclinical studies of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy employing MSC-based therapy have demonstrated that the properties of reducing fibrosis, stimulating angiogenesis, and cardiomyogenesis have led to improvements in the structure and function of remodeled ventricles. Further attempts have been made to augment MSCs' effects through genetic modification and cell preconditioning. Progression of MSC therapy to early clinical trials has supported their role in improving cardiac structure and function, functional capacity, and patient quality of life. Emerging data have supported larger clinical trials that have been either completed or are currently underway. Mechanistically, MSC therapy is thought to benefit the heart by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative responses. The mechanisms of action involve paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions, and fusion with resident cells. Trans-differentiation of MSCs to bona fide cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels is also thought to occur, although at a nonphysiological level. Recently, MSC-based tissue engineering for cardiovascular disease has been examined with quite encouraging results. This review discusses MSCs from their basic biological characteristics to their role as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Golpanian
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ariel Wolf
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Konstantinos E Hatzistergos
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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19
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Takahashi Y, Yu Z, Sakai M, Tomita H. Linking Activation of Microglia and Peripheral Monocytic Cells to the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:144. [PMID: 27375431 PMCID: PMC4891983 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of studies have identified microglial activation in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Relatively fewer, but robust, studies have detected activation of peripheral monocytic cells in psychiatric disorders. Considering the origin of microglia, as well as neuropsychoimmune interactions in the context of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, it is reasonable to speculate that microglia interact with peripheral monocytic cells in relevance with the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders; however, these interactions have drawn little attention. In this review, we summarize findings relevant to activation of microglia and monocytic cells in psychiatric disorders, discuss the potential association between these cell types and disease pathogenesis, and propose perspectives for future research on these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takahashi
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Group of Mental Health Promotion, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Mai Sakai
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Group of Mental Health Promotion, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
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20
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Chen CC, Plikus MV, Tang PC, Widelitz RB, Chuong CM. The Modulatable Stem Cell Niche: Tissue Interactions during Hair and Feather Follicle Regeneration. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:1423-40. [PMID: 26196442 PMCID: PMC4716892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hair and feathers are unique because (1) their stem cells are contained within a follicle structure, (2) they undergo cyclic regeneration repetitively throughout life, (3) regeneration occurs physiologically in healthy individuals and (4) regeneration is also induced in response to injury. Precise control of this cyclic regeneration process is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of living organisms. While stem cells are regulated by the intra-follicle-adjacent micro-environmental niche, this niche is also modulated dynamically by extra-follicular macro-environmental signals, allowing stem cells to adapt to a larger changing environment and physiological needs. Here we review several examples of macro-environments that communicate with the follicles: intradermal adipose tissue, innate immune system, sex hormones, aging, circadian rhythm and seasonal rhythms. Related diseases are also discussed. Unveiling the mechanisms of how stem cell niches are modulated provides clues for regenerative medicine. Given that stem cells are hard to manipulate, focusing translational therapeutic applications at the environments appears to be a more practical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 112; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 112
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Animal Science and Center for the Integrative and Evolutionary, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan 402
| | - Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cheng Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; International Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration, Graduated Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701; Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan 404.
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21
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Mirones I, Angel Rodríguez-Milla M, Cubillo I, Mariñas-Pardo L, de la Cueva T, Zapata A, González C, Ramírez M, García-Castro J. Dopamine mobilizes mesenchymal progenitor cells through D2-class receptors and their PI3K/AKT pathway. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2529-38. [PMID: 24806705 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As the nervous system exerts direct and indirect effects on stem cells mobilization and catecholamines mobilize hematopoietic stem cells, we hypothesized that dopamine might induce mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) mobilization. We show that dopamine induced in vitro MPCs migration through D2-class receptors, and their alternative phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathways. Also, administration of catecholamines induced in vivo mobilization of colony-forming unit-fibroblast in mice. In contrast, in vitro and in vivo MPCs migration was suppressed by D2-class receptors antagonists and blocking antibodies, consistent with dopamine signaling pathway implication. In humans, patients treated with L-dopa or catecholaminergic agonists showed a significant increase of a MPC-like population (CD45-CD31-CD34-CD105+) in their peripheral blood. These findings reveal a new link between catecholamines and MPCs mobilization and suggest the potential use of D2-class receptors agonists for mobilization of MPCs in clinical settings.
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22
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Sleep disruption impairs haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8516. [PMID: 26465715 PMCID: PMC4621781 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the factors affecting the success of haematopoietic cell transplantation are still unknown. Here we show in mice that donor sleep deprivation reduces the ability of its haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to engraft and reconstitute the blood and bone marrow of an irradiated recipient by more than 50%. We demonstrate that sleep deprivation downregulates the expression of microRNA (miR)-19b, a negative regulator of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) genes, which inhibit HSC migration and homing. Accordingly, HSCs from sleep-deprived mice have higher levels of SOCS genes expression, lower migration capacity in vitro and reduced homing to the bone marrow in vivo. Recovery of sleep after sleep deprivation restored the reconstitution potential of the HSCs. Taken together, this study provides insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of sleep deprivation on HSCs, emphasizing the potentially critical role of donor sleep in the success of bone marrow transplantation.
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23
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PAR1 signaling regulates the retention and recruitment of EPCR-expressing bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med 2015; 21:1307-17. [PMID: 26457757 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retention of long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) in the bone marrow is essential for hematopoiesis and for protection from myelotoxic injury. We report that signaling cascades that are traditionally viewed as coagulation related also control retention of endothelial protein C receptor-positive (EPCR(+)) LT-HSCs in the bone marrow and their recruitment to the blood via two pathways mediated by protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Thrombin-PAR1 signaling induces nitric oxide (NO) production, leading to EPCR shedding mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme (TACE), enhanced CXCL12-CXCR4-induced motility and rapid stem and progenitor cell mobilization. Conversely, bone marrow blood vessels provide a microenvironment enriched with activated protein C (aPC) that retains EPCR(+) LT-HSCs by limiting NO generation, reducing Cdc42 activity and enhancing integrin VLA4 affinity and adhesion. Inhibition of NO production by aPC-EPCR-PAR1 signaling reduces progenitor cell egress from the bone marrow, increases retention of bone marrow NO(low) EPCR(+) LT-HSCs and protects mice from chemotherapy-induced hematological failure and death. Our study reveals new roles for PAR1 and EPCR in controlling NO production to balance maintenance and recruitment of bone marrow EPCR(+) LT-HSCs, with potential clinical relevance for stem cell transplantation.
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24
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25
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Yang J, Sun Z, Komarova NL. Analysis of stochastic stem cell models with control. Math Biosci 2015; 266:93-107. [PMID: 26073965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of stem cell lineages is of central importance both for healthy and cancerous tissues. We study stochastic population dynamics of stem cells and differentiated cells, where cell decisions, such as proliferation vs. differentiation decisions, or division and death decisions, are under regulation from surrounding cells. The goal is to understand how different types of control mechanisms affect the means and variances of cell numbers. We use the assumption of weak dependencies of the regulatory functions (the controls) on the cell populations near the equilibrium to formulate moment equations. We then study three different methods of closure, showing that they all lead to the same results for the highest order terms in the expressions for the moments. We derive simple explicit expressions for the means and the variances of stem cell and differentiated cell numbers. It turns out that the variance is expressed as an algebraic function of partial derivatives of the controls with respect to the population sizes at the equilibrium. We demonstrate that these findings are consistent with the results previously obtained in the context of particular systems, and also present two novel examples with negative and positive control of division and differentiation decisions. This methodology is formulated without any specific assumptions on the functional form of the controls, and thus can be used for any biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienian Yang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States
| | - Natalia L Komarova
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, United States.
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26
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Walenda T, Diener Y, Jost E, Morin-Kensicki E, Goecke TW, Bosio A, Rath B, Brümmendorf TH, Bissels U, Wagner W. MicroRNAs and Metabolites in Serum Change after Chemotherapy: Impact on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128231. [PMID: 26024523 PMCID: PMC4449031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic regeneration after high dose chemotherapy necessitates activation of the stem cell pool. There is evidence that serum taken after chemotherapy comprises factors stimulating proliferation and self-renewal of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) – however, the nature of these feedback signals is yet unclear. Here, we addressed the question if specific microRNAs (miRNAs) or metabolites are affected after high dose chemotherapy. Serum taken from the same patients before and after chemotherapy was supplemented for in vitro cultivation of HSPCs. Serum taken after chemotherapy significantly enhanced HSPC proliferation, better maintained a CD34+ immunophenotype, and stimulated colony forming units. Microarray analysis revealed that 23 miRNAs changed in serum after chemotherapy – particularly, miRNA-320c and miRNA-1275 were down-regulated whereas miRNA-3663-3p was up-regulated. miRNA-320c was exemplarily inhibited by an antagomiR, which seemed to increase proliferation. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated that 44 metabolites were less abundant, whereas three (including 2-hydroxybutyrate and taurocholenate sulphate) increased in serum upon chemotherapy. Nine of these metabolites were subsequently tested for effects on HSPCs in vitro, but none of them exerted a clear concentration dependent effect on proliferation, immunophenotype and colony forming unit formation. Taken together, serum profiles of miRNAs and metabolites changed after chemotherapy. Rather than individually, these factors may act in concert to recruit HSPCs into action for hematopoietic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walenda
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Edgar Jost
- Department for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Tamme W. Goecke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, German
| | | | - Björn Rath
- Department for Orthopedics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Bissels
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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27
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Yucel G, Van Arnam J, Means PC, Huntzicker E, Altindag B, Lara MF, Yuan J, Kuo C, Oro AE. Partial proteasome inhibitors induce hair follicle growth by stabilizing β-catenin. Stem Cells 2014; 32:85-92. [PMID: 23963711 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The activation of tissue stem cells from their quiescent state represents the initial step in the complex process of organ regeneration and tissue repair. While the identity and location of tissue stem cells are becoming known, how key regulators control the balance of activation and quiescence remains mysterious. The vertebrate hair is an ideal model system where hair cycling between growth and resting phases is precisely regulated by morphogen signaling pathways, but how these events are coordinated to promote orderly signaling in a spatial and temporal manner remains unclear. Here, we show that hair cycle timing depends on regulated stability of signaling substrates by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Topical application of partial proteasomal inhibitors (PaPIs) inhibits epidermal and dermal proteasome activity throughout the hair cycle. PaPIs prevent the destruction of the key anagen signal β-catenin, resulting in more rapid hair growth and dramatically shortened telogen. We show that PaPIs induce excess β-catenin, act similarly to the GSK3β antagonist LiCl, and antagonize Dickopf-related protein-mediated inhibition of anagen. PaPIs thus represent a novel class of hair growth agents that act through transiently modifying the balance of stem cell activation and quiescence pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Yucel
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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28
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Leri A, Rota M, Hosoda T, Goichberg P, Anversa P. Cardiac stem cell niches. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:631-46. [PMID: 25267073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical role that stem cell niches have in cardiac homeostasis and myocardial repair following injury is the focus of this review. Cardiac niches represent specialized microdomains where the quiescent and activated state of resident stem cells is regulated. Alterations in niche function with aging and cardiac diseases result in abnormal sites of cardiomyogenesis and inadequate myocyte formation. The relevance of Notch1 signaling, gap-junction formation, HIF-1α and metabolic state in the regulation of stem cell growth and differentiation within the cardiac niches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Leri
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marcello Rota
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Toru Hosoda
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Polina Goichberg
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piero Anversa
- Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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29
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Blin-Wakkach C, Rouleau M, Wakkach A. Roles of osteoclasts in the control of medullary hematopoietic niches. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:29-37. [PMID: 24998177 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow is the major site of hematopoiesis in mammals. The bone marrow environment plays an essential role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by providing specialized niches in which these cells are maintained. Many cell types participate to the composition and regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches, integrating complex signals from the bone, immune and nervous systems. Among these cells, the bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs) have been described as main regulators of HSC niches. They are not limited to carving space for HSCs, but they also provide signals that affect the molecular and cellular niche components. However, their exact role in HSC niches remains unclear because of the variety of models, signals and conditions used to address the question. The present review will discuss the importance of the implication of OCLs focusing on the formation of HSC niches, the maintenance of HSCs in these niches and the mobilization of HSCs from the bone marrow. It will underline the importance of OCLs in HSC niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - Matthieu Rouleau
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Abdelilah Wakkach
- CNRS UMR7370, LP2M, Faculty of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France; University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Faculty of Sciences, Parc Valrose, 06100 Nice, France
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30
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Saba F, Soleimani M, Atashi A, Mortaz E, Shahjahani M, Roshandel E, Jaseb K, Saki N. The role of the nervous system in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:8-16. [PMID: 24165704 DOI: 10.1532/lh96.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and blood cell progenitors, such as maturing leucocytes, steadily enter from bone marrow (BM) into the circulation under steady-state conditions, and their mobilization is dramatically amplified during stress conditions and by mediators such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). This mobilization is dependent upon bone remodeling, the proteolytic enzymes of bone marrow-derived stromal cells, and adhesion molecules such as integrin, but the main mechanisms controlling this traffic are still unclear. The nervous system, as the most important regulator of the body, can affect the mobilization network by secreting catecholamines, so that denervation of catecholaminergic fibers in the BM of mice could lead to declining mobilization in steady state and stress situations, even in the presence of other intact environmental factors in the BM. Thus, due to the importance of the nervous system, we have attempted to give a general overview of how the nervous system is involved in the mobilization of HSCs in this review. Then, we will try to describe the mobilization process induced by the nervous system, which consists of 3 mechanisms: stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), proteolytic enzymes, and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhredin Saba
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Bloom AB, Zaman MH. Influence of the microenvironment on cell fate determination and migration. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:309-14. [PMID: 24619520 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00170.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several critical cell functions are influenced not only by internal cellular machinery but also by external mechanical and biochemical cues from the surrounding microenvironment. Slight changes to the microenvironment can result in dramatic changes to the cell's phenotype; for example, a change in the nutrients or pH of a tumor microenvironment can result in increased tumor metastasis. While cellular fate and the regulators of cell fate have been studied in detail for several decades now, our understanding of the extracellular regulators remains qualitative and far from comprehensive. In this review, we discuss the microenvironment influence on cell fate in terms of adhesion, migration, and differentiation and focus on both developments in experimental and computation tools to analyze cellular fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Bloom
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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32
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Shim J, Gururaja-Rao S, Banerjee U. Nutritional regulation of stem and progenitor cells in Drosophila. Development 2014; 140:4647-56. [PMID: 24255094 DOI: 10.1242/dev.079087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and their progenitors are maintained within a microenvironment, termed the niche, through local cell-cell communication. Systemic signals originating outside the niche also affect stem cell and progenitor behavior. This review summarizes studies that pertain to nutritional effects on stem and progenitor cell maintenance and proliferation in Drosophila. Multiple tissue types are discussed that utilize the insulin-related signaling pathway to convey nutritional information either directly to these progenitors or via other cell types within the niche. The concept of systemic control of these cell types is not limited to Drosophila and may be functional in vertebrate systems, including mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Shim
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Shahriyari L, Komarova NL. Symmetric vs. asymmetric stem cell divisions: an adaptation against cancer? PLoS One 2013; 8:e76195. [PMID: 24204602 PMCID: PMC3812169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, it has been held that a central characteristic of stem cells is their ability to divide asymmetrically. Recent advances in inducible genetic labeling provided ample evidence that symmetric stem cell divisions play an important role in adult mammalian homeostasis. It is well understood that the two types of cell divisions differ in terms of the stem cells' flexibility to expand when needed. On the contrary, the implications of symmetric and asymmetric divisions for mutation accumulation are still poorly understood. In this paper we study a stochastic model of a renewing tissue, and address the optimization problem of tissue architecture in the context of mutant production. Specifically, we study the process of tumor suppressor gene inactivation which usually takes place as a consequence of two “hits”, and which is one of the most common patterns in carcinogenesis. We compare and contrast symmetric and asymmetric (and mixed) stem cell divisions, and focus on the rate at which double-hit mutants are generated. It turns out that symmetrically-dividing cells generate such mutants at a rate which is significantly lower than that of asymmetrically-dividing cells. This result holds whether single-hit (intermediate) mutants are disadvantageous, neutral, or advantageous. It is also independent on whether the carcinogenic double-hit mutants are produced only among the stem cells or also among more specialized cells. We argue that symmetric stem cell divisions in mammals could be an adaptation which helps delay the onset of cancers. We further investigate the question of the optimal fraction of stem cells in the tissue, and quantify the contribution of non-stem cells in mutant production. Our work provides a hypothesis to explain the observation that in mammalian cells, symmetric patterns of stem cell division seem to be very common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Shahriyari
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Dynamic Cross Talk between S1P and CXCL12 Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cells Migration, Development and Bone Remodeling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:1145-69. [PMID: 24276423 PMCID: PMC3818832 DOI: 10.3390/ph6091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are mostly retained in a quiescent non-motile mode in their bone marrow (BM) niches, shifting to a migratory cycling and differentiating state to replenish the blood with mature leukocytes on demand. The balance between the major chemo-attractants CXCL12, predominantly in the BM, and S1P, mainly in the blood, dynamically regulates HSC recruitment to the circulation versus their retention in the BM. During alarm situations, stress-signals induce a decrease in CXCL12 levels in the BM, while S1P levels are rapidly and transiently increased in the circulation, thus favoring mobilization of stem cells as part of host defense and repair mechanisms. Myeloid cytokines, including G-CSF, up-regulate S1P signaling in the BM via the PI3K pathway. Induced CXCL12 secretion from stromal cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and increased S1P1 expression and ROS signaling in HSCs, all facilitate mobilization. Bone turnover is also modulated by both CXCL12 and S1P, regulating the dynamic BM stromal microenvironment, osteoclasts and stem cell niches which all functionally express CXCL12 and S1P receptors. Overall, CXCL12 and S1P levels in the BM and circulation are synchronized to mutually control HSC motility, leukocyte production and osteoclast/osteoblast bone turnover during homeostasis and stress situations.
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Abstract
Identifying the exact regulatory circuits that can stably maintain tissue homeostasis is critical for our basic understanding of multicellular organisms, and equally critical for identifying how tumors circumvent this regulation, thus providing targets for treatment. Despite great strides in the understanding of the molecular components of stem-cell regulation, the overall mechanisms orchestrating tissue homeostasis are still far from being understood. Typically, tissue contains the stem cells, transit amplifying cells, and terminally differentiated cells. Each of these cell types can potentially secrete regulatory factors and/or respond to factors secreted by other types. The feedback can be positive or negative in nature. This gives rise to a bewildering array of possible mechanisms that drive tissue regulation. In this paper, we propose a novel method of studying stem cell lineage regulation, and identify possible numbers, types, and directions of control loops that are compatible with stability, keep the variance low, and possess a certain degree of robustness. For example, there are exactly two minimal (two-loop) control networks that can regulate two-compartment (stem and differentiated cell) tissues, and 20 such networks in three-compartment tissues. If division and differentiation decisions are coupled, then there must be a negative control loop regulating divisions of stem cells (e.g. by means of contact inhibition). While this mechanism is associated with the highest robustness, there could be systems that maintain stability by means of positive divisions control, coupled with specific types of differentiation control. Some of the control mechanisms that we find have been proposed before, but most of them are new, and we describe evidence for their existence in data that have been previously published. By specifying the types of feedback interactions that can maintain homeostasis, our mathematical analysis can be used as a guide to experimentally zero in on the exact molecular mechanisms in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia L. Komarova
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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36
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An N, Janech MG, Bland AM, Lazarchick J, Arthur JM, Kang Y. Proteomic analysis of murine bone marrow niche microenvironment identifies thioredoxin as a novel agent for radioprotection and for enhancing donor cell reconstitution. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:944-56. [PMID: 23994289 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is regulated by the bone marrow (BM) niche microenvironment. We recently found that posttransplant administration of AMD3100 (a specific and reversible CXCR4 antagonist) enhanced donor cell engraftment and promoted recovery of all donor cell lineages in a congeneic mouse transplant model. We hypothesized that AMD3100 enhances donor cell reconstitution in part by modulating the levels and constitution of soluble factors in the niche microenvironment. In the current study, the effects of the BM extracellular fluid (supernatant) from AMD3100-treated transplant recipient mice on colony-forming units (CFUs) were examined. A semiquantitative, mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach was used to screen for differentially expressed proteins between the BM supernatants of PBS-treated transplant mice and AMD3100-treated transplant mice. A total of 178 proteins were identified in the BM supernatants. Thioredoxin was among the 32 proteins that displayed greater than a twofold increase in spectral counts in the BM supernatant of AMD3100-treated transplant mice. We found that thioredoxin increased CFUs in a dose-dependent manner. Thioredoxin improved hematopoiesis in irradiated mice and protected mice from radiation-related death. Furthermore, ex vivo exposure to thioredoxin for 24 hours enhanced the long-term repopulation of hematopoietic stem cells. Additionally, combined posttransplant administration of thioredoxin and AMD3100 improved hematologic recovery in primary and secondary transplant recipient mice. Our studies demonstrated that factors in the BM niche microenvironment play a critical role in hematopoiesis. Identifying these factors provides clues on potential novel targets that can be used to enhance hematologic recovery in hematopoietic stem cell transplan`tation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei An
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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37
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Fricker SP. Physiology and pharmacology of plerixafor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:237-45. [PMID: 24179472 DOI: 10.1159/000354132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The primary source of HSC is from the peripheral blood which requires mobilization from the bone marrow. Current mobilization regimens include cytokines such as G-CSF and/or chemotherapy. However not all patients mobilize enough HSC to proceed to transplant. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 are an integral part of the mechanism of HSC retention in the bone marrow niche. The discovery of plerixafor, a selective inhibitor of CXCR4, has provided a new additional means of mobilizing HSC for autologous transplantation. Plerixafor consists of two cyclam rings with a phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It inhibits CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 and subsequent downstream events including chemotaxis. The molecular interactions of plerixafor have been defined indicating a unique binding mode to CXCR4. Plerixafor rapidly mobilizes HSC within hours compared with the multi-day treatment required by G-CSF in mouse, dog and non-human primate. The mobilized cells once transplanted are capable of timely and endurable engraftment. Additionally CXCR4 has been implicated in the pathology of HIV, inflammatory disease and cancer and the pharmacology of plerixafor in various disease models is described.
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Asada N, Katayama Y, Sato M, Minagawa K, Wakahashi K, Kawano H, Kawano Y, Sada A, Ikeda K, Matsui T, Tanimoto M. Matrix-Embedded Osteocytes Regulate Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:737-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Physiologic corticosterone oscillations regulate murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell proliferation and CXCL12 expression by bone marrow stromal progenitors. Leukemia 2013; 27:2006-15. [PMID: 23680895 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of corticosterone (Cort), the immune system's major stress hormone, in the regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their dynamic bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is currently unknown. We report that corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) mutant mice with chronically low Cort levels showed aberrant HSPC regulation, having higher HSPC numbers and upregulation of the chemokine CXCL12, phenotypes that were restored by Cort supplementation. Expanded stromal progenitors known to support HSPCs were also observed in these low-Cort-containing mice. A similar phenotype was induced in wild-type (WT) mice by Metyrapone, a Cort synthesis inhibitor. Conversely, high Cort exposure induced HSPC apoptosis, reduced long-term BM repopulation and decreased stromal progenitor cell numbers. We documented circadian oscillations of Cort in WT BM but not in CRFR1 mutant mice, leading to diminished circadian BM CXCL12 fluctuations and increased number of circulating HSPCs in these mice. Finally, low Cort induced expansion of stromal progenitors, CXCL12 expression, HSPC proliferation and BM repopulation capacity, involving Notch1 signaling. This was associated with upregulation of the Notch ligand, Jagged1, in BM myeloid cells. Our results suggest that daily physiologic Cort oscillations are critical for balanced HSPC proliferation and function involving Notch1 signaling and their supportive BM microenvironment.
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40
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Yu X, Gu Z, Wang Y, Wang H. New strategies in cord blood cells transplantation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:865-74. [PMID: 23589409 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For patients lacking a human leucocyte antigen-matched donor, umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an ideal, alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation purposes. UCB has many advantages over bone marrow or peripheral blood taken from volunteer donors. UCB is also an important source of other stem cells, including endothelial progenitors, mesenchymal stem cells, very small embryonic/epiblast-like (VSEL) stem cells, and unrestricted somatic stem cells, which are potentially suitable for regenerative medicine. However, a significant clinical problem is that the number of HSCs in one cord-blood unit is not enough for an adult transplantation. The development of new approaches including use of multiple donors, ex vivo expansion, increasing efficiency of homing and engraftment, retrieving more cells from the placenta and cord blood is of crucial importance for the delayed engraftment after UCB transplantation. In the future, UCB will emerge as a source of cells for cellular therapies associated with tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, 109 Xinmin Road, Wuxi, 214021, China
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41
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Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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42
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Wang H, Zhang P, Liu L, Zou L. Hierarchical organization and regulation of the hematopoietic stem cell osteoblastic niche. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 85:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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43
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First-generation neuronal precursors in the crayfish brain are not self-renewing. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 31:657-66. [PMID: 23219763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-born neurons in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) are the progeny of 1st-generation precursor cells (functionally analogous to neuronal stem cells in vertebrates) that are located in a neurogenic niche on the ventral surface of the brain. The daughters of these precursor cells migrate along the processes of bipolar niche cells to proliferation zones in the cell clusters where the somata of the olfactory interneurons reside. Here they divide again, producing offspring that differentiate into olfactory local and projection neurons. The features of this neuronal assembly line, and the fact that it continues to function when the brain is isolated and perfused or maintained in organotypic culture, provide opportunities unavailable in other organisms to explore the sequence of cellular and molecular events leading to the production of new neurons in adult brains. Further, we have determined that the 1st-generation precursor cells are not a self-renewing population, and that the niche is, nevertheless, not depleted as the animals grow and age. We conclude, therefore, that the niche is not a closed system and that there must be an extrinsic source of neuronal stem cells. Based on in vitro studies demonstrating that cells extracted from the hemolymph are attracted to the niche, as well as the intimate relationship between the niche and vasculature, we hypothesize that the hematopoietic system is a likely source of these cells.
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44
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Ludin A, Itkin T, Gur-Cohen S, Mildner A, Shezen E, Golan K, Kollet O, Kalinkovich A, Porat Z, D'Uva G, Schajnovitz A, Voronov E, Brenner DA, Apte RN, Jung S, Lapidot T. Monocytes-macrophages that express α-smooth muscle actin preserve primitive hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Nat Immunol 2012; 13:1072-82. [DOI: 10.1038/ni.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Noonin C, Lin X, Jiravanichpaisal P, Söderhäll K, Söderhäll I. Invertebrate hematopoiesis: an anterior proliferation center as a link between the hematopoietic tissue and the brain. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3173-86. [PMID: 22564088 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During evolution, the innate and adaptive immune systems were developed to protect organisms from non-self substances. The innate immune system is phylogenetically more ancient and is present in most multicellular organisms, whereas adaptive responses are restricted to vertebrates. Arthropods lack the blood cells of the lymphoid lineage and oxygen-carrying erythrocytes, making them suitable model animals for studying the regulation of the blood cells of the innate immune system. Many crustaceans have a long life span and need to continuously synthesize blood cells, in contrast to many insects. The hematopoietic tissue (HPT) of Pacifastacus leniusculus provides a simple model for studying hematopoiesis, because the tissue can be isolated, and the proliferation of stem cells and their differentiation can be studied both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we demonstrate new findings of a physical link between the HPT and the brain. Actively proliferating cells were localized to an anterior proliferation center (APC) in the anterior part of the tissue near the area linking the HPT to the brain, whereas more differentiated cells were detected in the posterior part. The central areas of HPT expand in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced blood loss. Cells isolated from the APC divide rapidly and form cell clusters in vitro; conversely, the cells from the remaining HPT form monolayers, and they can be induced to differentiate in vitro. Our findings offer an opportunity to learn more about invertebrate hematopoiesis and its connection to the central nervous system, thereby obtaining new information about the evolution of different blood and nerve cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadanat Noonin
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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46
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Chen CC, Chuong CM. Multi-layered environmental regulation on the homeostasis of stem cells: the saga of hair growth and alopecia. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 66:3-11. [PMID: 22391240 PMCID: PMC3684257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are fascinating because of their potential in regenerative medicine. Stem cell homeostasis has been thought to be mainly regulated by signals from their adjacent micro-environment named the "stem cell niche". However, recent studies reveal that there can be multiple layers of environmental controls. Here we review these environmental controls using the paradigm of hair stem cells, because to observe and analyze the growth of hair is easier due to their characteristic cyclic regeneration pattern. The length of hair fibers is regulated by the duration of the growth period. In the hair follicles, hair stem cells located in the follicle bulge interact with signals from the dermal papilla. Outside of the follicle, activation of hair stem cells has been shown to be modulated by molecules released from the intra-dermal adipose tissue as well as body hormone status, immune function, neural activities, and aging. The general physiological status of an individual is further influenced by circadian rhythms and changing seasons. The interactive networks of these environmental factors provide new understanding on how stem cell homeostasis is regulated, inspiring new insights for regenerative medicine. Therapies do not necessarily have to be achieved by using stem cells themselves which may constitute a higher risk but by modulating stem cell activity through targeting one or multiple layers of their micro- and macro-environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University and Department of Dermatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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47
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S1P promotes murine progenitor cell egress and mobilization via S1P1-mediated ROS signaling and SDF-1 release. Blood 2012; 119:2478-88. [PMID: 22279055 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-06-358614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of hematopoietic progenitor cell egress and clinical mobilization are not fully understood. Herein, we report that in vivo desensitization of Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors by FTY720 as well as disruption of S1P gradient toward the blood, reduced steady state egress of immature progenitors and primitive Sca-1(+)/c-Kit(+)/Lin(-) (SKL) cells via inhibition of SDF-1 release. Administration of AMD3100 or G-CSF to mice with deficiencies in either S1P production or its receptor S1P(1), or pretreated with FTY720, also resulted in reduced stem and progenitor cell mobilization. Mice injected with AMD3100 or G-CSF demonstrated transient increased S1P levels in the blood mediated via mTOR signaling, as well as an elevated rate of immature c-Kit(+)/Lin(-) cells expressing surface S1P(1) in the bone marrow (BM). Importantly, we found that S1P induced SDF-1 secretion from BM stromal cells including Nestin(+) mesenchymal stem cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Moreover, elevated ROS production by hematopoietic progenitor cells is also regulated by S1P. Our findings reveal that the S1P/S1P(1) axis regulates progenitor cell egress and mobilization via activation of ROS signaling on both hematopoietic progenitors and BM stromal cells, and SDF-1 release. The dynamic cross-talk between S1P and SDF-1 integrates BM stromal cells and hematopoeitic progenitor cell motility.
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48
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Park D, Sykes DB, Scadden DT. The hematopoietic stem cell niche. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2012; 17:30-9. [PMID: 22201730 DOI: 10.2741/3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess the ability to self-renew and to differentiate to mature progeny along multiple different hematopoietic lineages. The function of HSCs depends upon the signals from surrounding cells found within the highly specialized microenvironment termed the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Understanding and exploiting the HSC niche is a goal of basic scientists and clinicians alike. Recent studies have focused on defining the cellular components and molecular factors critical to this microenvironment. Here we review recent findings, discuss unresolved questions, and examine the clinical implications of our current knowledge of the HSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsu Park
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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49
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Paun O, Lazarus HM. Novel transplant strategies in adults with acute leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:1319-39, ix. [PMID: 22093589 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is regularly used as a curative treatment option for patients with various disorders, including acute leukemia in adults. The past decade has witnessed dramatic improvements in the reduction of treatment-related mortality (TRM), in part attributable to improved supportive care but also due to better graft selection and donor-to-recipient matching regimens, and the emergence of reduced-intensity conditioning in place of myeloablative conditioning. Despite these advances, HCT remains plagued by the risk of relapse or failure due to graft-versus-host disease, infectious complications, and TRM. This article reviews new approaches that may improve overall patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Paun
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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50
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Marquez-Curtis LA, Turner AR, Sridharan S, Ratajczak MZ, Janowska-Wieczorek A. The ins and outs of hematopoietic stem cells: studies to improve transplantation outcomes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2011; 7:590-607. [PMID: 21140298 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanisms of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) mobilization and homing is important for the development of strategies to enhance the efficacy of HSPC transplantation and achieve the full potential of HSPC-based cellular therapy. Investigation of these mechanisms has revealed interdependence among the various molecules, pathways and cellular components involved, and underscored the complex nature of these two processes. This review summarizes recent progress in identifying the specific factors implicated in HSPC mobilization and homing, with emphasis on our own work. Particularly, we will discuss our studies on stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its interaction with its receptor CXCR4, proteases (matrix metalloproteinases and carboxypeptidase M), complement proteins (C1q, C3a, C5a, membrane attack complex), sphingosine-1-phosphate, and pharmacologic agents such as the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid and hyaluronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A Marquez-Curtis
- Research & Development, Canadian Blood Services, CBS Edmonton Centre, 8249-114 St. NW, Edmonton, T6G 2R8, Alberta, Canada
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