1
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Li R, Qin T, Guo Y, Zhang S, Guo X. CEAM is a mitochondrial-localized, amyloid-like motif-containing microprotein expressed in human cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150737. [PMID: 39388734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/22/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Microproteins synthesized through non-canonical translation pathways are frequently found within mitochondria. However, the functional significance of these mitochondria-localized microproteins in energy-intensive organs such as the heart remains largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that the long non-coding RNA CD63-AS1 encodes a mitochondrial microprotein. Notably, in ribosome profiling data of human hearts, there is a positive correlation between the expression of CD63-AS1 and genes associated with cardiomyopathy. We have termed this microprotein CEAM (CD63-AS1 encoded amyloid-like motif containing microprotein), reflecting its sequence characteristics. Our biochemical assays show that CEAM forms protease-resistant aggregates within mitochondria, whereas deletion of the amyloid-like motif transforms CEAM into a soluble cytosolic protein. Overexpression of CEAM triggers mitochondrial stress responses and adversely affect mitochondrial bioenergetics in cultured cardiomyocytes. In turn, the expression of CEAM is reciprocally inhibited by the activation of mitochondrial stresses induced by oligomycin. When expressed in mouse hearts via adeno-associated virus, CEAM impairs cardiac function. However, under conditions of pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, CEAM expression appears to offer a protective benefit and mitigates the expression of genes associated with cardiac remodeling, presumably through a mechanism that suppresses stress-induced translation reprogramming. Collectively, our study uncovers a hitherto unexplored amyloid-like microprotein expressed in the human cardiomyocytes, offering novel insights into myocardial hypertrophy pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Li
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ti Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yabo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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2
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Deng X, Yu YV, Jin YN. Non-canonical translation in cancer: significance and therapeutic potential of non-canonical ORFs, m 6A-modification, and circular RNAs. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:412. [PMID: 39333489 PMCID: PMC11437038 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Translation is a decoding process that synthesizes proteins from RNA, typically mRNA. The conventional translation process consists of four stages: initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling. Precise control over the translation mechanism is crucial, as dysregulation in this process is often linked to human diseases such as cancer. Recent discoveries have unveiled translation mechanisms that extend beyond typical well-characterized components like the m7G cap, poly(A)-tail, or translation factors like eIFs. These mechanisms instead utilize atypical elements, such as non-canonical ORF, m6A-modification, and circular RNA, as key components for protein synthesis. Collectively, these mechanisms are classified as non-canonical translations. It is increasingly clear that non-canonical translation mechanisms significantly impact the various regulatory pathways of cancer, including proliferation, tumorigenicity, and the behavior of cancer stem cells. This review explores the involvement of a variety of non-canonical translation mechanisms in cancer biology and provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Deng
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanxun V Yu
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youngnam N Jin
- Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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3
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Zhu M, Yi X, Song S, Yang H, Yu J, Xu C. Principle role of the (pro)renin receptor system in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: An update. Cell Signal 2024; 124:111417. [PMID: 39321906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR), along with its soluble form, sPRR, functions not only as a crucial activator of the local renin-angiotensin system but also engages with and activates various angiotensin II-independent signaling pathways, thus playing complex and significant roles in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This article reviews current knowledge on the intracellular partners of the PRR system and explores its physiological and pathophysiological impacts on cardiovascular diseases as well as conditions related to glucose and lipid metabolism, such as hypertension, heart disease, liver disease, diabetes, and diabetic complications. Targeting the PRR system could emerge as a promising therapeutic strategy for treating these conditions. Elevated levels of circulating sPRR might indicate the severity of these diseases, potentially serving as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in clinical settings. A comprehensive understanding of the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the PRR system could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and management of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhi Zhu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huiru Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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4
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Nichols C, Do-Thi VA, Peltier DC. Noncanonical microprotein regulation of immunity. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2905-2929. [PMID: 38734902 PMCID: PMC11403233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system is highly regulated but, when dysregulated, suboptimal protective or overly robust immune responses can lead to immune-mediated disorders. The genetic and molecular mechanisms of immune regulation are incompletely understood, impeding the development of more precise diagnostics and therapeutics for immune-mediated disorders. Recently, thousands of previously unrecognized noncanonical microprotein genes encoded by small open reading frames have been identified. Many of these microproteins perform critical functions, often in a cell- and context-specific manner. Several microproteins are now known to regulate immunity; however, the vast majority are uncharacterized. Therefore, illuminating what is often referred to as the "dark proteome," may present opportunities to tune immune responses more precisely. Here, we review noncanonical microprotein biology, highlight recently discovered examples regulating immunity, and discuss the potential and challenges of modulating dysregulated immune responses by targeting microproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydney Nichols
- Morris Green Scholars Program, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Van Anh Do-Thi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel C Peltier
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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5
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Shen N, Kong L, Wang X, Zhang Y, Li R, Tao C, Wang G, Xu P, Hu W. Elabela ameliorates neuronal pyroptosis and mitochondrial fission via APJ/ZBP1 signaling in ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114802. [PMID: 38679280 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis signifies a significant form of programmed neuronal demise subsequent to ischemic stroke. In our prior investigations, we demonstrated that the Elabela (ELA)-Apelin receptor (APJ) axis alleviated neuronal death by improving collateral circulation and mitigating ferroptosis in a murine model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). However, the connection between ELA and neuronal pyroptosis remains further elucidation. Here, we observed an upregulation of ELA and APJ expression in both murine brain specimens and cultured HT-22 hippocampal neurons exposed to experimental ischemic stroke. ELA administration markedly diminished the infarct size in comparison to controls. ELA treatment ameliorated neurological deficits and anxiety-like symptoms in mice with stroke, concurrently inhibiting pyroptosis and mitochondria fission in neurons. Conversely, ELA knockdown yielded the opposite effects. Utilizing RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified a candidate for pyroptosis priming, Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), which was suppressed in ELA-treated HT-22 neurons during oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). Subsequent co-immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated the binding between APJ and ZBP1. Specifically, APJ suppressed ZBP1 to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and dynamin-related protein 1-mediated mitochondrial fission in neurons. In summary, our findings suggest that ELA functions as a stroke-induced signal limiting neuronal pyroptosis and mitochondrial fission via APJ/ZBP1 signaling, thereby underscoring ELA as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Lingqi Kong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Chunrong Tao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China.
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6
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Ge A, Chan C, Yang X. Exploring the Dark Matter of Human Proteome: The Emerging Role of Non-Canonical Open Reading Frame (ncORF) in Cancer Diagnosis, Biology, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2660. [PMID: 39123386 PMCID: PMC11311765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer develops from abnormal cell growth in the body, causing significant mortalities every year. To date, potent therapeutic approaches have been developed to eradicate tumor cells, but intolerable toxicity and drug resistance can occur in treated patients, limiting the efficiency of existing treatment strategies. Therefore, searching for novel genes critical for cancer progression and therapeutic response is urgently needed for successful cancer therapy. Recent advances in bioinformatics and proteomic techniques have allowed the identification of a novel category of peptides encoded by non-canonical open reading frames (ncORFs) from historically non-coding genomic regions. Surprisingly, many ncORFs express functional microproteins that play a vital role in human cancers. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of different ncORF types with coding capacity and technological methods in discovering ncORFs among human genomes. We also summarize the carcinogenic role of ncORFs such as pTINCR and HOXB-AS3 in regulating hallmarks of cancer, as well as the roles of ncORFs such as HOXB-AS3 and CIP2A-BP in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We also discuss how ncORFs such as AKT-174aa and DDUP are involved in anti-cancer drug response and the underestimated potential of ncORFs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (A.G.); (C.C.)
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7
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Liu T, Qiao H, Wang Z, Yang X, Pan X, Yang Y, Ye X, Sakurai T, Lin H, Zhang Y. CodLncScape Provides a Self-Enriching Framework for the Systematic Collection and Exploration of Coding LncRNAs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400009. [PMID: 38602457 PMCID: PMC11165466 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that numerous lncRNAs can translate proteins under specific conditions, performing diverse biological functions, thus termed coding lncRNAs. Their comprehensive landscape, however, remains elusive due to this field's preliminary and dispersed nature. This study introduces codLncScape, a framework for coding lncRNA exploration consisting of codLncDB, codLncFlow, codLncWeb, and codLncNLP. Specifically, it contains a manually compiled knowledge base, codLncDB, encompassing 353 coding lncRNA entries validated by experiments. Building upon codLncDB, codLncFlow investigates the expression characteristics of these lncRNAs and their diagnostic potential in the pan-cancer context, alongside their association with spermatogenesis. Furthermore, codLncWeb emerges as a platform for storing, browsing, and accessing knowledge concerning coding lncRNAs within various programming environments. Finally, codLncNLP serves as a knowledge-mining tool to enhance the timely content inclusion and updates within codLncDB. In summary, this study offers a well-functioning, content-rich ecosystem for coding lncRNA research, aiming to accelerate systematic studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Liu
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation ProgramUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba3058577Japan
| | - Huiyuan Qiao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and PharmacyAcademy for InterdisciplineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba3058577Japan
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Department of Developmental BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Xianrun Pan
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and PharmacyAcademy for InterdisciplineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Healthcare TechnologyChengdu Neusoft UniversityChengdu611844China
| | - Xiucai Ye
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation ProgramUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba3058577Japan
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba3058577Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakurai
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation ProgramUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba3058577Japan
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of TsukubaTsukuba3058577Japan
| | - Hao Lin
- School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and PharmacyAcademy for InterdisciplineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China
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8
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Yang H, Li Q, Stroup EK, Wang S, Ji Z. Widespread stable noncanonical peptides identified by integrated analyses of ribosome profiling and ORF features. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1932. [PMID: 38431639 PMCID: PMC10908861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have revealed dozens of functional peptides in putative 'noncoding' regions and raised the question of how many proteins are encoded by noncanonical open reading frames (ORFs). Here, we comprehensively annotate genome-wide translated ORFs across five eukaryotes (human, mouse, zebrafish, worm, and yeast) by analyzing ribosome profiling data. We develop a logistic regression model named PepScore based on ORF features (expected length, encoded domain, and conservation) to calculate the probability that the encoded peptide is stable in humans. Systematic ectopic expression validates PepScore and shows that stable complex-associating microproteins can be encoded in 5'/3' untranslated regions and overlapping coding regions of mRNAs besides annotated noncoding RNAs. Stable noncanonical proteins follow conventional rules and localize to different subcellular compartments. Inhibition of proteasomal/lysosomal degradation pathways can stabilize some peptides especially those with moderate PepScores, but cannot rescue the expression of short ones with low PepScores suggesting they are directly degraded by cellular proteases. The majority of human noncanonical peptides with high PepScores show longer lengths but low conservation across species/mammals, and hundreds contain trait-associated genetic variants. Our study presents a statistical framework to identify stable noncanonical peptides in the genome and provides a valuable resource for functional characterization of noncanonical translation during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Qianru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Emily K Stroup
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60628, USA
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60628, USA.
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9
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Phạm TTT, Murza A, Marsault É, Frampton JP, Rainey JK. Localized apelin-17 analogue-bicelle interactions as a facilitator of membrane-catalyzed receptor recognition and binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184289. [PMID: 38278504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The apelinergic system encompasses two peptide ligand families, apelin and apela, along with the apelin receptor (AR or APJ), a class A G-protein-coupled receptor. This system has diverse physiological effects, including modulating heart contraction, vasodilation/constriction, glucose regulation, and vascular development, with involvement in a variety of pathological conditions. Apelin peptides have been previously shown to interact with and become structured upon binding to anionic micelles, consistent with a membrane-catalyzed mechanism of ligand-receptor binding. To overcome the challenges of observing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy signals of a dilute peptide in biological environments, 19F NMR spectroscopy, including diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and saturation transfer difference (STD) experiments, was used herein to explore the membrane-interactive behaviour of apelin. NMR-optimized apelin-17 analogues with 4-trifluoromethyl-phenylalanine at various positions were designed and tested for bioactivity through ERK activation in stably-AR transfected HEK 293 T cells. Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry and 19F NMR spectroscopy were used to compare the membrane interactions of these analogues with unlabelled apelin-17 in both zwitterionic/neutral and net-negative bicelle conditions. Each analogue binds to bicelles with relatively weak affinity (i.e., in fast exchange on the NMR timescale), with preferential interactions observed at the cationic residue-rich N-terminal and mid-length regions of the peptide leaving the C-terminal end unencumbered for receptor recognition, enabling a membrane-anchored fly-casting mechanism of peptide search for the receptor. In all, this study provides further insight into the membrane-interactive behaviour of an important bioactive peptide, demonstrating interactions and biophysical behaviour that cannot be neglected in therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trần Thanh Tâm Phạm
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Alexandre Murza
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - John P Frampton
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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10
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Liu Y, Jiang M, Li Y, Chen P, Chen X. Advances in the study of ELABELA in renal physiological functions and related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1276488. [PMID: 38026926 PMCID: PMC10644379 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1276488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ELABELA (ELA), also known as Toddler or Apela, is a novel endogenous ligand of the angiotensin receptor AT1-related receptor protein (APJ). ELA is highly expressed in human embryonic, cardiac, and renal tissues and involves various biological functions, such as embryonic development, blood circulation regulation, and maintaining body fluid homeostasis. ELA is also closely related to the occurrence and development of acute kidney injury, hypertensive kidney damage, diabetic nephropathy, renal tumors, and other diseases. Understanding the physiological role of ELA and its mechanism of action in kidney-related diseases would provide new targets and directions for the clinical treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuRong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - MingChun Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - XiaoYu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
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11
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Yang N, Liu K, Zhang W, Li Y, Shen S, Lu C, Xu K, Peng W, Deng C, Chen M, Yang L, Lai S. Predicting late-onset preeclampsia by detecting ELABELA content using an immunochromatographic colloidal gold test strip: Blood ELABELA content predicts the risk of pre-eclampsia. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:932-942. [PMID: 37746730 PMCID: PMC10560972 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder that seriously affects the outcome of mothers and infants and lacks effective prediction and diagnosis methods. ELABELA is the second endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ) and is associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In a previous study, the authors found that the downregulation of ELABELA expression is closely related to late-onset preeclampsia, which may be a marker for the clinical diagnosis of late-onset preeclampsia. In this study, the authors again collected 120 maternal blood samples, including 60 pregnant women with a medical diagnosis of late-onset preeclampsia. ELISA results showed that the serum ELABELA concentration in late-onset preeclampsia pregnant women (12.57 ± 7.77 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in normal pregnant women (36.99 ± 23.58 ng/mL), which was consistent with previously reported results. Therefore, the authors used an ELABELA monoclonal antibody to label four colloidal gold nanoparticles with different diameters (15, 30, 55, and 150 nm) and developed a transverse-flow immunochromatographic band for the rapid and accurate detection of serum ELABELA levels. The strip test shows that colloidal gold with a diameter of 30 nm can be used as a good ELABELA detection marker and had more than 90% positive detection effect. Therefore, the authors hope that the colloidal gold strip with ELABELA as the diagnostic index developed by us will be popularized and applied in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kangsheng Liu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ying Li
- Pan'an Mason Medical Technology Co., LTD.JinhuaChina
| | - Suqin Shen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Chuanchuan Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious DiseasesKingMed School of Laboratory MedicineGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Deng
- School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Meilin Chen
- Pan'an County maternal and Child Health Hospital, Clinical LaboratoryJinhuaChina
| | - Lindong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyAffiliated Jinling HospitalMedical School of Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shanshan Lai
- School of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjingChina
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12
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Gao S, Chen H. Therapeutic potential of apelin and Elabela in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115268. [PMID: 37562237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin and Elabela (Ela) are peptides encoded by APLN and APELA, respectively, which act on their receptor APJ and play crucial roles in the body. Recent research has shown that they not only have important effects on the endocrine system, but also promote vascular development and maintain the homeostasis of myocardial cells. From a molecular biology perspective, we explored the roles of Ela and apelin in the cardiovascular system and summarized the mechanisms of apelin-APJ signaling in the progression of myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, preeclampsia, and congenital heart disease. Evidences indicated that apelin and Ela play important roles in cardiovascular diseases, and there are many studies focused on developing apelin, Ela, and their analogues for clinical treatments. However, the literature on the therapeutic potential of apelin, Ela and their analogues and other APJ agonists in the cardiovascular system is still limited. This review summarized the regulatory pathways of apelin/ELA-APJ axis in cardiovascular function and cardiovascular-related diseases, and the therapeutic effects of their analogues in cardiovascular diseases were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Gao
- Department of Histology and embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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Xu C. Cardiovascular aspects of ELABELA: A potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 151:107193. [PMID: 37433415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
ELABELA, an early endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (apelin peptide jejunum, apelin receptor), has been known as an important regulator in cardiovascular homeostasis and may be a novel therapeutic target for multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). At the physiological level, ELABELA exhibits angiogenic and vasorelaxant effects and is essential for heart development. At the pathological level, circulating ELABELA levels may be a novel diagnostic biomarker for various CVDs. ELABELA peripherally displays antihypertensive, vascular-protective, and cardioprotective effects, whereas central administration of ELABELA elevated BP and caused cardiovascular remodeling. This review highlights the physiological and pathological roles of ELABELA in the cardiovascular system. Enhancement of the peripheral ELABELA may be a promising pharmacological therapeutic strategy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, Jiangxi, China.
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Xi Y, Li Y, Ren W, Bo W, Ma Y, Pan S, Gong DAW, Tian Z. ELABELA-APJ-Akt/YAP Signaling Axis: A Novel Mechanism of Aerobic Exercise in Cardioprotection of Myocardial Infarction Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1172-1183. [PMID: 36878020 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the function and mechanisms of ELABELA (ELA) in the aerobic exercise-induced antiapoptosis and angiogenesis of ischemic heart. METHODS The myocardial infarction (MI) model of Sprague-Dawley rat was established by the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. MI rats underwent 5 wk of Fc-ELA-21 subcutaneous injection and aerobic exercise training using a motorized rodent treadmill. Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures. Cardiac pathological remodeling was evaluated by Masson's staining and the calculation of left ventricular weight index. Cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL. Cell culture and treatment were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ELA. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Angiogenesis was observed by tubule formation test. One-way or two-way ANOVA and Student's t -test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Aerobic exercise stimulated the endogenous ELA expression. Exercise and Fc-ELA-21 intervention significantly activated APJ-Akt-mTOR-P70S6K signaling pathway, kept more cardiomyocytes alive, and increased angiogenesis, so as to inhibit the cardiac pathological remodeling and improved the heart function of MI rats. Fc-ELA-32 also had the cellular and functional cardioprotective activities in vivo . In vitro , ELA-14 peptide regulated the phosphorylation and nucleoplasmic translocation of YAP and activated the APJ-Akt signaling pathway so as to increase the proliferation of H9C2 cells. Moreover, the antiapoptosis and the tubule formation of HUVECs were also enhanced by ELA-14, whereas the inhibition of Akt activity weakened such effects. CONCLUSIONS ELA is a potential therapeutic member that plays a key role through APJ-Akt/YAP signaling axis in aerobic exercise-induced cardioprotection of MI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongxia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Wujing Ren
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - Shou Pan
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
| | - DA-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. CHINA
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Hassel KR, Brito-Estrada O, Makarewich CA. Microproteins: Overlooked regulators of physiology and disease. iScience 2023; 26:106781. [PMID: 37213226 PMCID: PMC10199267 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing efforts to generate a complete and accurate annotation of the genome have revealed a significant blind spot for small proteins (<100 amino acids) originating from short open reading frames (sORFs). The recent discovery of numerous sORF-encoded proteins, termed microproteins, that play diverse roles in critical cellular processes has ignited the field of microprotein biology. Large-scale efforts are currently underway to identify sORF-encoded microproteins in diverse cell-types and tissues and specialized methods and tools have been developed to aid in their discovery, validation, and functional characterization. Microproteins that have been identified thus far play important roles in fundamental processes including ion transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and stress signaling. In this review, we discuss the optimized tools available for microprotein discovery and validation, summarize the biological functions of numerous microproteins, outline the promise for developing microproteins as therapeutic targets, and look forward to the future of the field of microprotein biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira R. Hassel
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Omar Brito-Estrada
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Catherine A. Makarewich
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Gemici B, Birsen İ, İzgüt-Uysal VN. The Apelin-Apela Receptor APJ is Necessary for Formation and Healing of Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Peptides 2023; 166:171027. [PMID: 37245722 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The apelinergic system, widely expressed and regulates hormone-enzyme secretion, motility, and protective mechanisms of the stomach. This system consists of the apelin receptor (APJ) and two peptides known as apela and apelin. The IR-induced experimental gastric ulcer model, is a well-known and commonly used one that induces hypoxia and causes the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Expressions of apelin and its receptor APJ are induced by hypoxia and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Apelin has been shown to affect angiogenesis positively, considered the most critical component of the healing process. Although it is known that apelin and AJP expressions are induced by inflammatory stimuli and hypoxia, stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and have a role in regenerative angiogenesis, no information or has been found in the literature regarding the role of APJ in the formation and healing of gastric mucosal lesions induced by I/R. So, we conducted a study to clarify the role of APJ in formation and healing mechanisms of IR-induced gastric lesions. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups; control, sham-operated, IR, APJ antagonist treated-IR group (F13A+IR), and the healing groups. F13A was intravenously given to the animals. Gastric lesion index, mucosal blood flow, PGE2, NOx, 4-HNE-MDA, HO activity, and protein expressions of VEGF and HO-1 were measured. F13A application before the IR increased the mucosal injury, F13A application following the ischemia delayed the mucosal healing during the reperfusion period. Consequently, blocking apelin receptors may worsen gastric injury due to the IR and delay mucosal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gemici
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İlknur Birsen
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - V Nimet İzgüt-Uysal
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
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Pécheux O, Correia-Branco A, Cohen M, Martinez de Tejada B. The Apelinergic System in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098014. [PMID: 37175743 PMCID: PMC10178735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system is a highly conserved pleiotropic system. It comprises the apelin receptor apelin peptide jejunum (APJ) and its two peptide ligands, Elabela/Toddler (ELA) and apelin, which have different spatiotemporal localizations. This system has been implicated in the regulation of the adipoinsular axis, in cardiovascular and central nervous systems, in carcinogenesis, and in pregnancy in humans. During pregnancy, the apelinergic system is essential for embryo cardiogenesis and vasculogenesis and for placental development and function. It may also play a role in the initiation of labor. The apelinergic system seems to be involved in the development of placenta-related pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction, but an improvement in PE-like symptoms and birth weight has been described in murine models after the exogenous administration of apelin or ELA. Although the expression of ELA, apelin, and APJ is altered in human PE placenta, data related to their circulating levels are inconsistent. This article reviews current knowledge about the roles of the apelinergic system in pregnancy and its pathophysiological roles in placenta-related complications in pregnancy. We also discuss the challenges in translating the actors of the apelinergic system into a marker or target for therapeutic interventions in obstetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Pécheux
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Correia-Branco
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoῆa Martinez de Tejada
- Obstetrics Division, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Regulatory role of apelin receptor signaling in migration and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived mesoderm cells and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Hum Cell 2023; 36:612-630. [PMID: 36692671 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesoderm-derived cells, including bone, muscle, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), constitute various parts of vertebrate body. Cell therapy with mesoderm specification in vitro may be a promising treatment for diseases affecting organs of mesodermal origin. Repair and regeneration of damaged organs with in vitro generation of mesoderm-derived tissues and MSCs hold a great potential for regenerative therapy. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways involving mesoderm and mesoderm-derived cellular differentiation is important. Previous findings indicated the importance of Apelin receptor (Aplnr) signaling, during embryonic development, in gastrulation, cell migration, and differentiation. Nevertheless, regulatory role of Aplnr pathway in differentiation of mesoderm and mesoderm-derived MSCs remains unclear. In the current study, we tried to elucidate the role of Aplnr signaling during mesoderm cell migration and differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). By activating and suppressing Aplnr signaling pathway via peptide, small molecule, and genetic modifications including siRNA- and shRNA-mediated knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout (KO), we revealed that Aplnr signaling not only induces migration of cells during germ layer formation but also enhances mesoderm differentiation through FGF/MAPK pathway. Antibody array and LC/MS protein profiling data demonstrated that Apelin-13 treatment enhanced cell cycle, EGFR, FGF, Wnt, and Integrin signaling pathway proteins. Furthermore, Aplelin-13 treatment improved MSC characteristics, with mesenchymal phenotype and high expression of MSC markers, and silencing Aplnr signaling components resulted in significantly reduced expression of MSC markers. Also, Aplnr signaling activity enhanced proliferation and survival of the cells during MSC derivation from mesoderm.
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The investigation of apelin and apelin receptor expressions in mouse endometrium during peri-implantation period. Ann Anat 2023; 246:152027. [PMID: 36379349 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.152027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertilization, pre-implantation embryo development, implantation, and decidualization are critical for a healthy pregnancy. Successful implantation requires a competent blastocyst and a receptive uterus. Apelin was purified from the bovine stomach in 1998. Apelin receptor (APJ) is a member of G protein-coupled receptors. Apelin/APJ system's physiological role was shown in cardiovascular system, immune response, stress response, fluid regulation, nutrient uptake, angiogenesis, and adipoinsular axis; however, whether apelin/APJ system plays a role in implantation is unknown. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the localization and expressions of the apelin/APJ system in the peri-implantation period mouse uterus. METHODS Uteri and implantation sites were collected from mice on the estrous phase and the 1st, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 8th days of pregnancy. Also, inter-implantation sites were collected from the 5th day of the pregnancy group. Localization and expressions of apelin and APJ were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Apelin and APJ were expressed in the luminal and gland epithelium, the stroma of all experimental groups. Two isoforms of apelin-8 and 16 kDa were detected by Western blot. While apelin expression increased from the estrous to the 8th day of pregnancy, APJ expression increased from the estrous to the 4th day of pregnancy, reached the highest expression level, then decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the apelin/APJ system might be involved in implantation and decidualization. Our findings will guide further studies and may help elucidate the underlying causes of implantation failure and pregnancy loss.
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Murali S, Aradhyam GK. Structure-function relationship and physiological role of apelin and its G protein coupled receptor. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:127-143. [PMID: 36919024 PMCID: PMC9995629 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin receptor (APJR) is a class A peptide (apelin) binding G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a significant role in regulating blood pressure, cardiac output, and maintenance of fluid homeostasis. It is activated by a wide range of endogenous peptide isoforms of apelin and elabela. The apelin peptide isoforms contain distinct structural features that aid in ligand recognition and activation of the receptor. Site-directed mutagenesis and structure-based studies have revealed the involvement of extracellular and transmembrane regions of the receptor in binding to the peptide isoforms. The structural features of APJR activation of the receptor as well as mediating G-protein and β-arrestin-mediated signaling are delineated by multiple mutagenesis studies. There is increasing evidence that the structural requirements of APJR to activate G-proteins and β-arrestins are different, leading to biased signaling. APJR also responds to mechanical stimuli in a ligand-independent manner. A multitude of studies has focused on developing both peptide and non-peptide agonists and antagonists specific to APJR. Apelin/elabela-activated APJR orchestrates major signaling pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and p70S. This review focuses on the structural and functional characteristics of apelin, elabela, APJR, and their interactions involved in the binding and activation of the downstream signaling cascade. We also focus on the diverse signaling profile of APJR and its ligands and their involvement in various physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Murali
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Gopala Krishna Aradhyam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Respekta N, Pich K, Dawid M, Mlyczyńska E, Kurowska P, Rak A. The Apelinergic System: Apelin, ELABELA, and APJ Action on Cell Apoptosis: Anti-Apoptotic or Pro-Apoptotic Effect? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010150. [PMID: 36611944 PMCID: PMC9818302 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system comprises two peptide ligands, apelin and ELABELA, and their cognate G-protein-coupled receptor, the apelin receptor APJ. Apelin is a peptide that was isolated from bovine stomach extracts; the distribution of the four main active forms, apelin-36, -17, -13, and pyr-apelin-13 differs between tissues. The mature form of ELABELA-32 can be transformed into forms called ELABELA-11 or -21. The biological function of the apelinergic system is multifaceted, and includes the regulation of angiogenesis, body fluid homeostasis, energy metabolism, and functioning of the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. This review summarises the mechanism of the apelinergic system in cell apoptosis. Depending on the cell/tissue, the apelinergic system modulates cell apoptosis by activating various signalling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), 5'AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA). Apoptosis is critically important during various developmental processes, and any dysfunction leads to pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and developmental defects. The purpose of this review is to present data that suggest a significant role of the apelinergic system as a potential agent in various therapies.
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Yang H, Zhang X, Ding Y, Xiong H, Xiang S, Wang Y, Li H, Liu Z, He J, Tao Y, Yang H, Qi H. Elabela: Negative Regulation of Ferroptosis in Trophoblasts via the Ferritinophagy Pathway Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010099. [PMID: 36611895 PMCID: PMC9818811 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a leading contributor to increased maternal morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period. Increasing evidence demonstrates that ferroptosis is an essential mechanism for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Elabela is a novel small-molecule polypeptide, mainly expressed in embryonic and transplacental tissues, with an ability to promote cell proliferation and invasion. However, its specific regulatory mechanism in preeclampsia has not been completely elucidated. In this study, we first reveal an increased grade of ferroptosis accompanied by a downregulation of the expression of Elabela in preeclampsia placentas. We then confirm the presence of a ferroptosis phenotype in the placenta of the mouse PE-like model, and Elabela can reduce ferroptosis in the placenta and improve adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that targeting Elabela alleviates the cellular dysfunction mediated by Erastin promoting increased lipid peroxidation in vitro. Subsequent mechanistic studies suggest that Elabela increases FTH1 levels by inhibiting the ferritinophagy pathway, and consequently chelates the intracellular labile iron pool and eventually arrests ferroptosis. In conclusion, Elabela deficiency exacerbates ferroptosis in the placenta, which is among the potential mechanisms in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Targeting the Elabela-ferritinophagy-ferroptosis signaling axis provides a new therapeutic intervention strategy to alleviate preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Shaojian Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Emergency, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuelan Tao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongbing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404100, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (H.Q.)
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (H.Q.)
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Treichel AJ, Bazzini AA. Casting CRISPR-Cas13d to fish for microprotein functions in animal development. iScience 2022; 25:105547. [PMID: 36444300 PMCID: PMC9700322 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein coding genes were originally identified with sequence-based definitions that included a 100-codon cutoff to avoid annotating irrelevant open reading frames. However, many active proteins contain less than 100 amino acids. Indeed, functional genetics, ribosome profiling, and proteomic profiling have identified many short, translated open reading frames, including those with biologically active peptide products (microproteins). Yet, functions for most of these peptide products remain unknown. Because microproteins often act as key signals or fine-tune processes, animal development has already revealed functions for a handful of microproteins and provides an ideal context to uncover additional microprotein functions. However, many mRNAs during early development are maternally provided and hinder targeted mutagenesis approaches to characterize developmental microprotein functions. The recently established, RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13d system in zebrafish overcomes this barrier and produces potent knockdown of targeted mRNA, including maternally provided mRNA, and enables flexible, efficient interrogation of microprotein functions in animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel Alejandro Bazzini
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Exposure to higher concentrations of exogenous ELABELA causes HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cell dysfunction: A possible pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2022; 30:181-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Janssens P, Decuypere JP, Bammens B, Llorens-Cortes C, Vennekens R, Mekahli D. The emerging role of the apelinergic system in kidney physiology and disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2314-2326. [PMID: 33744967 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system (AS) is a novel pleiotropic system with an essential role in renal and cardiovascular physiology and disease, including water homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. It consists of two highly conserved peptide ligands, apelin and apela, and a G-protein-coupled apelin receptor. The two ligands have many isoforms and a short half-life and exert both similar and divergent effects. Vasopressin, apelin and their receptors colocalize in hypothalamic regions essential for body fluid homeostasis and interact at the central and renal levels to regulate water homeostasis and diuresis in inverse directions. In addition, the AS and renin-angiotensin system interact both systemically and in the kidney, with implications for the cardiovascular system. A role for the AS in diverse pathological states, including disorders of sodium and water balance, hypertension, heart failure, pre-eclampsia, acute kidney injury, sepsis and diabetic nephropathy, has recently been reported. Furthermore, several metabolically stable apelin analogues have been developed, with potential applications in diverse diseases. We review here what is currently known about the physiological functions of the AS, focusing on renal, cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis, and the role of the AS in associated diseases. We also describe several hurdles and research opportunities worthy of the attention of the nephrology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Janssens
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussell), Department of Nephrology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Decuypere
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Bammens
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Pregnancy complications affect millions of women each year. Some of these diseases have high morbidity and mortality such as preeclampsia. At present, there is no safe and effective treatment for pregnancy complications, so it is still a difficult clinical problem. As many pregnancy complications are closely related to placental dysplasia, placenta-specific therapy, as an important method, is expected to be a safe, effective, and specific therapeutic strategy. This review explains in detail the placenta physiological structure, characteristics, and action mechanism of some biomolecules and signaling pathways that play roles in normal development and disorders of the development of the placenta, and how to use these biomolecules as therapeutic targets when the placenta disorder causes disease, combining the latest progress in the field of nanodelivery systems, so as to lay a foundation for the development of placenta-specific therapy of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xingli Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Songwei Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.,Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu Song
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yongran Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No. 100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhenzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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27
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Sharma M, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Elabela Peptide: An Emerging Target in Therapeutics. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1304-1318. [PMID: 36029072 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220826160123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Elabela, a bioactive micropeptide, is recognized as the second endogenous ligand for the Apelin receptor and is widely distributed in different tissues and organs. Elabela plays an important role in various physiological processes, such as blood pressure control, heart morphogenesis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, etc. Elabela is also implicated in pathological conditions, like cardiac dysfunctions, heart failure, hypertension, kidney diseases, cancer and CNS disorders. The association of Elabela with these disease conditions makes it a potential target for their therapy. This review summarizes the physiological role of Elabela peptide as well as its implication in various disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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28
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Rakhshan K, Sharifi M, Ramezani F, Azizi Y, Aboutaleb N. ERK/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway: a molecular target of ELABELA (ELA) peptide for attenuating cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by promoting angiogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10509-10519. [PMID: 36129600 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07818-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is caused by a chain of events such as endothelial dysfunction. This study was conducted to investigate protective effects of ELABELA against myocardial I/R in Wistar rats and clarify its possible mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: MI model was established based on the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 30 min. Then, 5 µg/kg of ELA peptide was intraperitoneally infused in rats once per day for 4 days. Western blot assay was used to assay the expression of t-ERK1/2, and p-ERK1/2 in different groups. The amount of myocardial capillary density, the expression levels of VEGF and HIF-1α were evaluated using immunohistochemistry assay. Masson's trichrome staining was utilized to assay cardiac interstitial fibrosis. The results showed that establishment of MI significantly enhanced cardiac interstitial fibrosis and changed p-ERK1/2/ t-ERK1/2 ratio. Likewise, ELA post-treatment markedly increased myocardial capillary density, the expression of several angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, HIF-1α), and reduced cardiac interstitial fibrosis by activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Collectively, ELA peptide has ability to reduce myocardial I/R injury by promoting angiogenesis and reducing cardiac interstitial fibrosis through activating ERK/HIF-1α/VEGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Rakhshan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Sharifi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Azizi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Aboutaleb
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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29
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Stock J, Kazmar T, Schlumm F, Hannezo E, Pauli A. A self-generated Toddler gradient guides mesodermal cell migration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd2488. [PMID: 36103529 PMCID: PMC9473572 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sculpting of germ layers during gastrulation relies on the coordinated migration of progenitor cells, yet the cues controlling these long-range directed movements remain largely unknown. While directional migration often relies on a chemokine gradient generated from a localized source, we find that zebrafish ventrolateral mesoderm is guided by a self-generated gradient of the initially uniformly expressed and secreted protein Toddler/ELABELA/Apela. We show that the Apelin receptor, which is specifically expressed in mesodermal cells, has a dual role during gastrulation, acting as a scavenger receptor to generate a Toddler gradient, and as a chemokine receptor to sense this guidance cue. Thus, we uncover a single receptor-based self-generated gradient as the enigmatic guidance cue that can robustly steer the directional migration of mesoderm through the complex and continuously changing environment of the gastrulating embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Stock
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomas Kazmar
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Friederike Schlumm
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Edouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Pauli
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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30
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Wang X, Zhang L, Feng M, Xu Z, Cheng Z, Qian L. ELA-11 protects the heart against oxidative stress injury induced apoptosis through ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:873614. [PMID: 36160397 PMCID: PMC9492932 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.873614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence revealed that apoptosis and oxidative stress injury were associated with the pathophysiology of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial injury. ELABELA (ELA) is a newly identified peptide with 32 amino acids, can reduce hypertension with exogenous infusion. However, the effect of 11-residue furn-cleaved fragment (ELA-11) is still unclear. We first administrated ELA-11 in DOX-injured mice and measured the cardiac function and investigated the effect of ELA-11 in vivo. We found that ELA-11 alleviated heart injury induced by DOX and inhibited cardiac tissues from apoptosis. In vitro, ELA-11 regulated the sensitivity towards apoptosis induced by oxidative stress with DOX treatment through PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Similarly, ELA-11 inhibited oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-injured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, ELA-11 protected cardiomyocyte by interacting with Apelin receptor (APJ) by using 4-oxo-6-((pyrimidin-2-ylthio) methyl)-4H-pyran-3-yl 4-nitrobenzoate (ML221). Hence, our results indicated a protective role of ELA-11 in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in DOX-induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengwen Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqing Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zijie Cheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zijie Cheng, ; Lingmei Qian,
| | - Lingmei Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zijie Cheng, ; Lingmei Qian,
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31
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Liu X, Wang C, Meng H, Liao S, Zhang J, Guan Y, Tian H, Peng J. Research Progress on Exosomes in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:1951-1957. [PMID: 35924692 PMCID: PMC9483046 DOI: 10.1111/os.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive disease that often necessitates hip replacement if hip preservation therapy fails. ONFH places a heavy economic burden and severe psychological pressure on patients. At present, ONFH is treated by either surgical or non‐surgical methods. In clinical practice, stem cells combined with surgery has achieved some positive results, but many problems remain to be resolved. Exosomes are small vesicles of 30–150 nm, which are rich in various nucleic acids, proteins, and small molecules depending on the cells from which they are derived. A growing number of studies have found that exosomes play an important role in tissue damage repair. In comparison with stem cells, exosomes have lower immunogenicity. Also, exosomes can promote cell proliferation and inhibit tumor growth. In addition, exosomes can also be used as natural carriers of drugs. Many studies have shown that exosomes have therapeutic effects in hormone‐induced ONFH. Exosomes have the effect of promoting vascular regeneration and show good application prospects in ONFH. Here, we present a review of studies on the application of exosomes in ONFH to provide a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhi Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haoye Meng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sida Liao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Guan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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32
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Lv B, Cheng Z, Yu Y, Chen Y, Gan W, Li S, Zhao K, Yang C, Zhang Y. Therapeutic perspectives of exosomes in glucocorticoid-induced osteoarthrosis. Front Surg 2022; 9:836367. [PMID: 36034358 PMCID: PMC9405187 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.836367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are widely involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. These important roles are also hidden in the physiological processes related to bone. Chondrocytes, osteoblasts, synovial fibroblasts, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells produce and secrete exosomes, thereby affecting the biology process of target cells. Furthermore, in the primary pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis induced by steroid hormones, mainly involve glucocorticoid (GC), the exosomes have also widely participated. Therefore, exosomes may also play an important role in glucocorticoid-induced osteoarthrosis and serve as a promising treatment for early intervention of osteoarthrosis in addition to playing a regulatory role in malignant tumors. This review summarizes the previous results on this direction, systematically combs the role and therapeutic potential of exosomes in GC-induced osteoarthrosis, discusses the potential role of exosomes in the treatment and prevention of GC-induced osteoarthrosis, and reveals the current challenges we confronted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lv
- Correspondence: Yukun ZhangCao Yang Kangcheng Zhao Bin Lv
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kangcheng Zhao
- Correspondence: Yukun ZhangCao Yang Kangcheng Zhao Bin Lv
| | - Cao Yang
- Correspondence: Yukun ZhangCao Yang Kangcheng Zhao Bin Lv
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Correspondence: Yukun ZhangCao Yang Kangcheng Zhao Bin Lv
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33
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Jiang H, Du M, Li Y, Zhou T, Lei J, Liang H, Zhong Z, Al-Lamki RS, Jiang M, Yang J. ID proteins promote the survival and primed-to-naive transition of human embryonic stem cells through TCF3-mediated transcription. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:549. [PMID: 35701409 PMCID: PMC9198052 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of DNA binding proteins 1 and 3 (ID1 and ID3) are important downstream targets of BMP signalling that are necessary for embryonic development. However, their specific roles in regulating the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remain unclear. Here, we examined the roles of ID1 and ID3 in primed and naive-like hESCs and showed that ID1 and ID3 knockout lines (IDs KO) exhibited decreased survival in both primed and naive-like state. IDs KO lines in the primed state also tended to undergo pluripotent dissolution and ectodermal differentiation. IDs KO impeded the primed-to-naive transition (PNT) of hESCs, and overexpression of ID1 in primed hESCs promoted PNT. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that ID1 and ID3 regulated the survival and pluripotency of hESCs through the AKT signalling pathway. Finally, we showed that TCF3 mediated transcriptional inhibition of MCL1 promotes AKT phosphorylation, which was confirmed by TCF3 knockdown in KO lines. Our study suggests that IDs/TCF3 acts through AKT signalling to promote survival and maintain pluripotency of both primed and naive-like hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Jiang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingxia Du
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tengfei Zhou
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jia Lei
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongqing Liang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDivision of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics, Women’s Hospital and Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of human anatomy and histoembryology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Rafia S. Al-Lamki
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Medicine, National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming Jiang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology of The Children’s Hospital, Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jun Yang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Physiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chen Z, Zhong Y, Chen J, Sun S, Liu W, Han Y, Liu X, Guo C, Li D, Hu W, Zhang P, Chen Z, Chen Z, Mou Y, Yan G, Zhu W, Yin W, Sai K. Disruption of β-catenin-mediated negative feedback reinforces cAMP-induced neuronal differentiation in glioma stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:493. [PMID: 35610201 PMCID: PMC9130142 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the existence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) and their critical role in the resistance to conventional treatments for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Differentiation therapy represents a promising alternative strategy against GBM by forcing GSCs to exit the cell cycle and reach terminal differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that cAMP triggered neuronal differentiation and compromised the self-renewal capacity in GSCs. In addition, cAMP induced negative feedback to antagonize the differentiation process by activating β-catenin pathway. Suppression of β-catenin signaling synergized with cAMP activators to eliminate GSCs in vitro and extended the survival of animals in vivo. The cAMP/PKA pathway stabilized β-catenin through direct phosphorylation of the molecule and inhibition of GSK-3β. The activated β-catenin translocated into the nucleus and promoted the transcription of APELA and CARD16, which were found to be responsible for the repression of cAMP-induced differentiation in GSCs. Overall, our findings identified a negative feedback mechanism for cAMP-induced differentiation in GSCs and provided potential targets for the reinforcement of differentiation therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.412558.f0000 0004 1762 1794Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Yingqian Zhong
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jiehong Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- grid.410643.4Department of Pancreas Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yu Han
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Xincheng Liu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Cui Guo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Depei Li
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Wanming Hu
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Zhuopeng Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Zhongping Chen
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Yonggao Mou
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wei Yin
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ke Sai
- grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China ,grid.488530.20000 0004 1803 6191State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
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On Methods for the Measurement of the Apelin Receptor Ligand Apelin. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7763. [PMID: 35546171 PMCID: PMC9095593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin exists in many isoforms, both in the circulation and in specific tissues. Apelin peptides have a short half-life but preservation before measurement is scarcely studied. Reproducible mass spectrometry methods to specifically measure a broad range of apelinergic peptide isoforms are currently lacking. A sample protocol to conserve apelinergic peptides in the preanalytical phase and a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method to measure apelinergic isoforms was developed. Apelin was measured in plasma. For validation, human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells transfected with cDNA for preproapelin were used. Results were compared with a validated radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. Acidifying plasma to pH 2.5 improves post-sampling stability of apelin. HPLC-MS/MS was unable to detect apelin isoforms in plasma of healthy volunteers (n = 16) and chronic kidney disease patients (n = 4). RIA could detect apelin in concentrations between 71 and 263 fmol/l in 10 healthy volunteers. An optimized preanalytical protocol was developed. A sensitive and specific HPLC-MS/MS method failed to detect apelin in human plasma. Apelin-36 was detected in HEK cells transfected with cDNA for preproapelin. Currently, RIA with relatively selective antibodies is the best alternative for the measurement of apelin but novel sensitive and specific methods are needed.
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A Case-Control Study of the APELA Gene and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050591. [PMID: 35630008 PMCID: PMC9146499 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are believed to comprise a group of multifactorial genetic diseases. Recently, it was reported that APELA-knockout mice exhibited HDP-like symptoms, including proteinuria and elevated blood pressure due to defective placental angiogenesis. The aim of the present study is to determine the associations between HDPs and single-nucleotide variants or haplotypes in the human APELA gene through a case-control study. The subjects were 196 pregnant women with HDPs and a control group of 254 women without HDPs. Six single-nucleotide variants (rs2068792, rs13120303, rs4541465, rs13152225, rs78639146, and rs67448487) were selected from the APELA gene region. Although there were no significant differences for each single-nucleotide polymorphism in the case-control study, the frequency of the T-A haplotypes rs4541465–rs67448487 was significantly higher in the HDP group, especially in those with gestational hypertension, than in the control group. The results suggest that the APELA gene may be a disease-susceptibility gene for HDP.
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Yuan W, Wang Z, Wan C. Proteomic-driven identification of short open reading frame-encoded peptides. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2100312. [PMID: 35384297 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that a large number of short open reading frames (sORFs) also have the ability to encode proteins. The discovery of sORFs opens up a new research area, leading to the identification and functional study of sORF encoded peptides (SEPs) at the omics level. Besides bioinformatics prediction and ribosomal profiling, mass spectrometry (MS) has become a significant tool as it directly detects the sequence of SEPs. Though MS-based proteomics methods have proved to be effective for qualitative and quantitative analysis of SEPs, the detection of SEPs is still a great challenge due to their low abundance and short sequence. To illustrate the progress in method development, we described and discussed the main steps of large-scale proteomics identification of SEPs, including SEP extraction and enrichment, MS detection, data processing and quality control, quantification, and function prediction and validation methods. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People's Republic of China
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The dark proteome: translation from noncanonical open reading frames. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:243-258. [PMID: 34844857 PMCID: PMC8934435 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Omics-based technologies have revolutionized our understanding of the coding potential of the genome. In particular, these studies revealed widespread unannotated open reading frames (ORFs) throughout genomes and that these regions have the potential to encode novel functional (micro-)proteins and/or hold regulatory roles. However, despite their genomic prevalence, relatively few of these noncanonical ORFs have been functionally characterized, likely in part due to their under-recognition by the broader scientific community. The few that have been investigated in detail have demonstrated their essentiality in critical and divergent biological processes. As such, here we aim to discuss recent advances in understanding the diversity of noncanonical ORFs and their roles, as well as detail biologically important examples within the context of the mammalian genome.
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Chen X, Zhou C, Xu D, Liu X, Li S, Hou J, Zhang K, Zeng C, Zheng G, Wu H, Wu H, Wang W, Fu J, Wang T. Peptide hormone ELABELA promotes rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and migration by manipulating the cell cycle through the PI3K/AKT pathway under the hypoxia and ischemia microenvironmemt. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:32. [PMID: 35090551 PMCID: PMC8796437 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a potential candidate for stem cell transplantation to repair myocardial tissue in myocardial infarctions (MI). However, there are some pivotal limitations such as poor survival and low migration capacity of MSCs in hypoxic and ischemic microenvironments of MI. Our previous work verified that ELABELA (also abbreviated as ELA), a peptide hormone, could play a role as a growth factor and prolong the life span of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RAT BM-MSCs) under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. Nevertheless, the influence of ELA on the cell cycle, proliferation, and migration remains elusive. This study will further explore the improvement of the biological functions of ELA-treated RAT BM-MSCs, so as to provide a reference for improving the efficacy of RAT BM-MSCs in MI. METHODS Rat BM-MSCs were isolated from 80 to 120 g Sprague Dawley rats by flushing femurs and tibias under the aseptic condition. RAT BM-MSCs of the third passage were divided into control group, hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) group, ELA group, ELA-LY group and LY group. RAT BM-MSCs were cultured under normoxia in control group. In H/I group, RAT BM-MSCs were exposed to hypoxia (1% O2) and serum deprivation for 24 h. RAT BM-MSCs in ELA group were treated with 5 µM ELA prior to the H/I exposure for 24 h. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor, LY294002 (50 µM), was used in ELA-LY group and LY group to observe the effect of ELA on PI3K/AKT activation. Cell proliferation ability was examined by CCK-8. Cell cycle was assessed with flow cytometry. Cell migration was evaluated by Transwell assay. Expression levels of total-AKT, phosphorylated-AKT, and cell cycle-associated proteins were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS ELA-treated RAT BM-MSCs exhibited significantly higher proliferation ability, cell viability, and migration under H/I conditions. The cell cycle analysis showed that an increased proportion of cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle were observed in ELA-treated RAT BM-MSCs. The addition of ELA activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, upon treating with the inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, ELA-triggered proliferation, cell viability, and migration were abrogated. CONCLUSIONS ELA can be used to enhance the proliferation ability, cell viability, and migration of RAT BM-MSCs through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and alleviate cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase under hypoxic and ischemic injury. Thus, this study provides a promising strategy that ELA may help to optimize the mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Zhou
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daishi Xu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Li
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Hou
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanglong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaotao Zeng
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuming Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Fu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Cui C, Zhou H, Xu J. ELABELA acts as a protective biomarker in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Dis 2022; 13:6876-6884. [PMID: 35070372 PMCID: PMC8743407 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of clinical arrhythmia. An early diagnosis can be beneficial in the prevention of complications, such as heart failure (HF) and stroke. In this study, we revealed that ELABELA (ELA) acts as a protective factor in patients with arrhythmia and could serve as a prognostic marker for AF and its associated complication of HF. Methods We tested the expression level of potential biomarkers including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and ELA with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum derived from 131 patients (patients with AF =103; patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia =28). The impact of clinical risk factors and biomarkers on AF occurrence was evaluated using binary logistic analysis. Results The ELA expression level was lower in AF patients than in the negative controls (P<0.0001). Expression of ELA was negatively correlated with brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) expression in all the samples. In the binary logistic analysis, high levels of BNP and lower levels of ELA were significantly associated with an increased risk of AF (P<0.0001) and could be used as prognostic markers for patients with AF. Conclusions Expression of ELA showed a protective role in AF patients. The ELA level was negatively correlated with BNP levels, which has been shown to predict a high risk of HF independently and consistently. Additionally, lower levels of ELA were associated with a high risk of AF and HF in patients with arrhythmia. Keywords ELABELA (ELA); matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9); tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1); atrial fibrillation (AF); brain natriuretic peptide (BNP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Cui
- Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Basic Medical College, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xu F, Wu M, Lu X, Zhang H, Shi L, Xi Y, Zhou H, Wang J, Miao L, Gong DW, Cui W. Effect of Fc-Elabela-21 on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice: Mediation of anti-apoptotic effect via Akt phosphorylation. Peptides 2022; 147:170682. [PMID: 34742787 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), and patients with AKI have a high rate of mortality. Apelin is a therapeutic candidate for treatment of IRI and Elabela (ELA) is a recently discovered hormone that also activates the apelin receptor (APJ). We examined the use of ELA as a preventive treatment for IRI using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS Male mice were subjected to renal IRI, with or without administration of a stabilized form of ELA (Fc-ELA-21) for 4 days. Renal tubular lesions were measured using H&E staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using a dihydroethidium stain assay, and renal cell apoptosis was measured using the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. Immortalized human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with or without LY294002 and/or ELA-32, maintained at normoxic or hypoxic conditions, and then returned to normal culture conditions to mimic IRI. Cell apoptosis was determined using the TUNEL assay and cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay. The levels of Akt, p-Akt, ERK1/2, p- ERK1/2, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were measured using western blotting. RESULTS Fc-ELA-21 administration reduced renal tissue damage, ROS production, and apoptosis in mice that had renal IRI. ELA-32 reduced HK-2 cell apoptosis and restored the proliferation of cells subjected to IRI. Akt phosphorylation had a role in the anti-apoptotic effect of ELA. CONCLUSION This study of in vitro and in vivo models of IRI indicated that the preventive and anti-apoptotic effects of ELA were mediated via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Man Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xuehong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Lin Shi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Yue Xi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Junhong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China.
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Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic with high morbidity and mortality at an international scale. The apelin-APJ receptor pathway has been implicated in HF, making it a promising therapeutic target. APJ has been shown to be activated by a novel endogenous peptide ligand known as Elabela (ELA, also called Toddler or Apela), with a critical role in cardiac development and function. Activation of the ELA-APJ receptor axis exerts a wide range of physiological effects, including depressor response, positive inotropic action, diuresis, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-remodeling, leading to its cardiovascular protection. The ELA-APJ axis is essential for diverse biological processes and has been shown to regulate fluid homeostasis, myocardial contractility, vasodilation, angiogenesis, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cardiorenal fibrosis, and dysfunction. The beneficial effects of the ELA-APJ receptor system are well-established by treating hypertension, myocardial infarction, and HF. Additionally, administration of ELA protects human embryonic stem cells against apoptosis and stress-induced cell death and promotes survival and self-renewal in an APJ-independent manner (X receptor) via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, which may provide a new therapeutic approach for HF. Thus, targeting the ELA-APJ axis has emerged as a pre-warning biomarker and a novel therapeutic approach against progression of HF. An increased understanding of cardiovascular actions of ELA will help to develop effective interventions. This article gives an overview of the characteristics of the ELA-apelin-APJ axis and summarizes the current knowledge on its cardioprotective roles, potential mechanisms, and prospective application for acute and chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Juan-Juan Song
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Sara Martin
- Santa Rosa Family Medicine Residency, Santa Rosa, CA, 95403, USA
| | - Xin-Chun Yang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Dagamajalu S, Rex DAB, Suchitha GP, Rai AB, Rainey JK, Prasad TSK. The network map of Elabela signaling pathway in physiological and pathological conditions. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:145-154. [PMID: 34339006 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elabela (ELA; also called Apela and Toddler) is one of the recently discovered ligand among the two endogenous peptide ligands (Apelin and Elabela) of the apelin receptor (APLNR, also known as APJ). Elabela-induced signaling plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, including formation of the embryonic cardiovascular system and early placental development by reducing the chances of occurrence of preeclampsia during pregnancy. It also plays the major role in the renoprotection by reducing kidney injury and the inflammatory response and regulation of gene expression associated with heart failure and fibrosis. Elabela may be processed into different active peptides, each of which binds to APLNR and predominantly activates the signals through PI3K/AKT pathway. Owing to its biomedical importance, we developed a consolidated signaling map of Elabela, in accordance with the NetPath criteria. The presented Elabela signaling map comprises 12 activation/inhibition events, 15 catalysis events, 1 molecular association, 34 gene regulation events and 32 protein expression events. The Elabela signaling pathway map is freely made available through the WikiPathways Database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5100 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - G P Suchitha
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Akhila B Rai
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
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APLN/APLNR Signaling Controls Key Pathological Parameters of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153899. [PMID: 34359800 PMCID: PMC8345670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The neurovascular peptide Apelin and its receptor APLNR are upregulated during glioblastoma pathology. Here we summarize their role in the brain tumor microenvironment composed of neurons, astrocytes, and the vascular and immune systems. Targeting APLN/APLNR signaling promises to unfold multimodal actions in future GBM therapy, acting as an anti-angiogenic and an anti-invasive treatment, and offering the possibility to reduce neurological symptoms and increase overall survival simultaneously. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. GBM-expansion depends on a dense vascular network and, coherently, GBMs are highly angiogenic. However, new intratumoral blood vessels are often aberrant with consequences for blood-flow and vascular barrier function. Hence, the delivery of chemotherapeutics into GBM can be compromised. Furthermore, leaky vessels support edema-formation, which can result in severe neurological deficits. The secreted signaling peptide Apelin (APLN) plays an important role in the formation of GBM blood vessels. Both APLN and the Apelin receptor (APLNR) are upregulated in GBM cells and control tumor cell invasiveness. Here we summarize the current evidence on the role of APLN/APLNR signaling during brain tumor pathology. We show that targeting APLN/APLNR can induce anti-angiogenic effects in GBM and simultaneously blunt GBM cell infiltration. In addition, we discuss how manipulation of APLN/APLNR signaling in GBM leads to the normalization of tumor vessels and thereby supports chemotherapy, reduces edema, and improves anti-tumorigenic immune reactions. Hence, therapeutic targeting of APLN/APLNR signaling offers an interesting option to address different pathological hallmarks of GBM.
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Sainsily X, Coquerel D, Giguère H, Dumont L, Tran K, Noll C, Ionescu AL, Côté J, Longpré JM, Carpentier A, Marsault É, Lesur O, Sarret P, Auger-Messier M. Elabela Protects Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats From Hypertension and Cardiorenal Dysfunctions Exacerbated by Dietary High-Salt Intake. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709467. [PMID: 34385922 PMCID: PMC8353398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Arterial hypertension, when exacerbated by excessive dietary salt intake, worsens the morbidity and mortality rates associated with cardiovascular and renal diseases. Stimulation of the apelinergic system appears to protect against several circulatory system diseases, but it remains unknown if such beneficial effects are conserved in severe hypertension. Therefore, we aimed at determining whether continuous infusion of apelinergic ligands (i.e., Apelin-13 and Elabela) exerted cardiorenal protective effects in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats receiving high-salt diet. Methods: A combination of echocardiography, binding assay, histology, and biochemical approaches were used to investigate the cardiovascular and renal effects of Apelin-13 or Elabela infusion over 6 weeks in SHR fed with normal-salt or high-salt chow. Results: High-salt intake upregulated the cardiac and renal expression of APJ receptor in SHR. Importantly, Elabela was more effective than Apelin-13 in reducing high blood pressure, cardiovascular and renal dysfunctions, fibrosis and hypertrophy in high-salt fed SHR. Unlike Apelin-13, the beneficial effects of Elabela were associated with a counter-regulatory role of the ACE/ACE2/neprilysin axis of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in heart and kidneys of salt-loaded SHR. Interestingly, Elabela also displayed higher affinity for APJ in the presence of high salt concentration and better resistance to RAAS enzymes known to cleave Apelin-13. Conclusion: These findings highlight the protective action of the apelinergic system against salt-induced severe hypertension and cardiorenal failure. As compared with Apelin-13, Elabela displays superior pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties that warrant further investigation of its therapeutic use in cardiovascular and kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Sainsily
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Coquerel
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Kien Tran
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Andrei L Ionescu
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - André Carpentier
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Éric Marsault
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Lesur
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Liet B, Nys N, Siegfried G. Elabela/toddler: New peptide with a promising future in cancer diagnostic and therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119065. [PMID: 34090960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elabela/toddler is the second endogenous ligand recently identified after Apelin, that binds to the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Elabela is a 54-amino acid peptide initially identified in fish and human genomes and classified as noncoding. This precursor can be cleaved to shorter sequences (32, 21, and 11 amino acids), which bind and activate APJ, and can be blocked by APJ antagonists. Contrary to Apelin and APJ, widely distributed in organs and tissues, Elabela expression is more restricted, and different studies have revealed the potential role of Elabela in cancers. This review summarizes the current studies focusing on the role of Elabela in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Liet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1029 LAMC, F-33400 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Nicolas Nys
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1029 LAMC, F-33400 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Geraldine Siegfried
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1029 LAMC, F-33400 Talence, France; Université de Bordeaux F-33400, Talence, France.
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Yavuz F, Kaplan M. Association Between Serum Elabela Levels and Chronic Totally Occlusion in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:503-510. [PMID: 34076064 PMCID: PMC8462951 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effects of Elabela on the cardiovascular system have been shown in studies. OBJECTIVE To compare serum Elabela levels of chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients with control patients with normal coronary arteries, and to investigate whether there is a correlation with collateral development. METHODS The study was planned cross-sectionally and prospectively. Fifty patients (28.0% female, mean age 61.6±7.3years) with CTO in at least one coronary vessel and 50 patients (38% female, mean age 60,7±6.38 years) with normal coronary arteries were included in the study. Patients in the CTO group were divided into two groups as Rentrop 0-1, those with weak collateral development, and Rentrop 2-3 with good collateral development. In addition to the age, sex, demographic characteristics and routine laboratory tests of the patients, Elabela levels were measured. RESULTS Demographic characteristics and laboratory values were similar in both groups. While the mean NT-proBNP and troponin were higher in the CTO group, the Elabela mean was lower (p <0.05 for all). In the multivariate regression analysis, NT-proBNP and Elabela levels were found to be independent predictors for CTO. Also, Elabela level was found to be statistically higher in Rentrop class 2-3 patients compared to Rentrop class 0-1 patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSION In our study, we showed that the average Elabela level was low in CTO patients compared to normal patients. In addition, we found the level of Elabela to be lower in patients with weak collateral development compared to patients with good collateral development. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fethi Yavuz
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adıyaman - Turquia
| | - Mehmet Kaplan
- Gaziantep University Medicine Faculty, Departamento de Cardiologia, Gaziantep - Turquia
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Lu X, Liu S, Luan R, Cui W, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhang H, Shi L, Miao L, Xu F. Serum elabela and apelin levels during different stages of chronic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2021; 42:667-672. [PMID: 32713238 PMCID: PMC7470108 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1792926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association of serum elabela (ELA) and apelin with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unknown. We determined if serum ELA and apelin levels were associated with CKD stage. METHODS This observational study involved 60 CKD patients and 20 healthy, age-, race-, and gender-matched controls. The participants were grouped according to renal function as follows: normal control group, CKD1 group (stage-1 CKD, 20 patients), CKD3 group (stage-3 CKD, 20 patients), and CKD5 group (stage-5 CKD, 20 patients) in accordance with the Kidney Disease Outcomes - Quality Initiative criteria. We recorded the demographic, clinical, and biochemical data of all participants. Serum ELA and apelin levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Serum ELA levels gradually and significantly declined with decreases in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Serum ELA showed significant negative correlations with serum creatinine (r = -0.529, p < .001), blood urea nitrogen (r = -0.575, p < .001), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.455, p < .001), and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.450, p < .001), and significant positive correlations with hemoglobin (r = 0.523, p < .001) and eGFR (r = 0.728, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis showed that eGFR independently influenced serum ELA levels. No significant association was found between serum apelin levels and CKD progression. CONCLUSION In CKD patients, serum ELA levels decreased with decreasing eGFR. This finding may provide a new target for the prediction, diagnosis, and staging of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengmao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rumei Luan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yixian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Behram M, Oğlak SC, Dağ İ. Circulating levels of Elabela in pregnant women complicated with intrauterine growth restriction. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50:102127. [PMID: 33781971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to detect Elabela concentrations in the serum of normotensive pregnant women complicated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and compare them with the uncomplicated healthy pregnancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective case-control study was performed from May 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020. Of the 92 pregnant patients included in the study, we enrolled 49 normotensive patients complicated with IUGR as the study group, and 43 normotensive healthy gestational age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched patients without IUGR or additional pregnancy complication as the control group. Demographic and clinical characteristics, and maternal serum Elabela concentrations were recorded. RESULTS Maternal serum Elabela levels were significantly lower in IUGR pregnancies (4.02±3.42 ng/mL) compared to healthy pregnant women (14.01±18.38 ng/mL, p<0.001). There was a positive intermediate correlation between maternal serum Elabela levels and the birth weight (r = 0.308, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Maternal circulating levels of Elabela were significantly lower in IUGR pregnancies than in healthy pregnant women. Also, birth weight was positively correlated with maternal serum Elabela levels. We consider that Elabela might be a crucial biomarker of the pathophysiologic process in pregnancies complicated by IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Behram
- Department of Perinatology, Health Sciences University, Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Cemil Oğlak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Sciences University, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Dağ
- Department of Biochemistry, Eyüpsultan Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
Elabela, also known as Toddler or Apela, is a recently discovered hormonal peptide containing 32 amino acids. Elabela is a ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ). APJ is a G protein-coupled receptor widely expressed throughout body, and together with its cognate ligand, apelin, it plays an important role in various physiological processes including cardiovascular functions, angiogenesis and fluid homeostasis. Elabela also participates in embryonic development and pathophysiological processes in adulthood. Elabela is highly expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and regulates endoderm differentiation and cardiovascular system development. During differentiation, Elabela is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and in adult renal collecting ducts and loops, where it functions to maintain water and sodium homeostasis. Other studies have also shown that Elabela plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. This review addresses the role of Elabela in kidney diseases including renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiorenal syndrome.
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