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Forcella P, Ifflander N, Rolando C, Balta EA, Lampada A, Giachino C, Mukhtar T, Bock T, Taylor V. SAFB regulates hippocampal stem cell fate by targeting Drosha to destabilize Nfib mRNA. eLife 2024; 13:e74940. [PMID: 38722021 PMCID: PMC11149935 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent and correct fate determination is crucial to guarantee brain formation and homeostasis. How NSCs are instructed to generate neuronal or glial progeny is not well understood. Here, we addressed how murine adult hippocampal NSC fate is regulated and described how scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB) blocks oligodendrocyte production to enable neuron generation. We found that SAFB prevents NSC expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor I/B (NFIB) by binding to sequences in the Nfib mRNA and enhancing Drosha-dependent cleavage of the transcripts. We show that increasing SAFB expression prevents oligodendrocyte production by multipotent adult NSCs, and conditional deletion of Safb increases NFIB expression and oligodendrocyte formation in the adult hippocampus. Our results provide novel insights into a mechanism that controls Drosha functions for selective regulation of NSC fate by modulating the post-transcriptional destabilization of Nfib mRNA in a lineage-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Forcella
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Chiara Rolando
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of Biosciences, University of MilanMilanItaly
| | - Elli-Anna Balta
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Tanzila Mukhtar
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Bock
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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2
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Gu K, Mok L, Wakefield MJ, Chong MMW. Non-canonical RNA substrates of Drosha lack many of the conserved features found in primary microRNA stem-loops. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6713. [PMID: 38509178 PMCID: PMC10954719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNase III enzyme Drosha has a central role in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, where it is required to release the stem-loop intermediate from primary (pri)-miRNA transcripts. However, it can also cleave stem-loops embedded within messenger (m)RNAs. This destabilizes the mRNA causing target gene repression and appears to occur primarily in stem cells. While pri-miRNA stem-loops have been extensively studied, such non-canonical substrates of Drosha have yet to be characterized in detail. In this study, we employed high-throughput sequencing to capture all polyA-tailed RNAs that are cleaved by Drosha in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and compared the features of non-canonical versus miRNA stem-loop substrates. mRNA substrates are less efficiently processed than miRNA stem-loops. Sequence and structural analyses revealed that these mRNA substrates are also less stable and more likely to fold into alternative structures than miRNA stem-loops. Moreover, they lack the sequence and structural motifs found in miRNA stem-loops that are required for precise cleavage. Notably, we discovered a non-canonical Drosha substrate that is cleaved in an inverse manner, which is a process that is normally inhibited by features in miRNA stem-loops. Our study thus provides valuable insights into the recognition of non-canonical targets by Drosha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Gu
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Lawrence Mok
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Mark M W Chong
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
- Department of Medicine (St Vincent's), University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia.
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3
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Noguchi S, Ohkura S, Negishi Y, Tozawa S, Takizawa T, Morita R, Takahashi H, Ohkuchi A, Takizawa T. Cytoplasmic and nuclear DROSHA in human villous trophoblasts. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 162:104189. [PMID: 38241848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
In villous trophoblasts, DROSHA is a key ribonuclease III enzyme that processes pri-microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) into pre-miRNAs at the placenta-specific, chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) locus. However, little is known of its other functions. We performed formaldehyde crosslinking, immunoprecipitation, and sequencing (fCLIP-seq) analysis of terminal chorionic villi to identify DROSHA-binding RNAs in villous trophoblasts. In villous trophoblasts, DROSHA predominantly generated placenta-specific C19MC pre-miRNAs, including antiviral C19MC pre-miRNAs. The fCLIP-seq analysis also identified non-miRNA transcripts with hairpin structures potentially capable of binding to DROSHA (e.g., SNORD100 and VTRNA1-1). Moreover, in vivo immunohistochemical analysis revealed DROSHA in the cytoplasm of villous trophoblasts. DROSHA was abundant in the cytoplasm of villous trophoblasts, particularly in the apical region of syncytiotrophoblast, in the full-term placenta. Furthermore, in BeWo trophoblasts infected with Sindbis virus (SINV), DROSHA translocated to the cytoplasm and recognized the genomic RNA of SINV. Therefore, in trophoblasts, DROSHA not only regulates RNA metabolism, including the biogenesis of placenta-specific miRNAs, but also recognizes viral RNAs. After SINV infection, BeWo DROSHA-binding VTRNA1-1 was significantly upregulated, and cellular VTRNA1-1 was significantly downregulated, suggesting that DROSHA soaks up VTRNA1-1 in response to viral infection. These results suggest that the DROSHA-mediated recognition of RNAs defends against viral infection in villous trophoblasts. Our data provide insight into the antiviral functions of DROSHA in villous trophoblasts of the human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syunya Noguchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Ohkura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Negishi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Shohei Tozawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takami Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Rimpei Morita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
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4
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Wei X, Tang J, Lin C, Jiang X. Review: Non-canonical role of Drosha ribonuclease III. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127202. [PMID: 37793530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The typical function of Drosha is participating in cleaving pri-miRNA, the initial step of miRNA biogenesis, in the nucleus. Since Drosha has a double-stranded RNA-binding domain and two RNase III domains, when it binds and/or cleaves other RNA species other than pri-miRNA, Drosha is able to induce a variety of novel biological effects. Moreover, by interacting with other protein, Drosha is able to modify the function of other protein complexes. Recently, diverse non-classical functions of Drosha have been demonstrated, such as promoting DNA damage repair, transcriptional activation and inhibition, pre-mRNA splicing regulation, mRNA destabilization, and virus-host interaction. In this review, we describe these newly discovered functions of Drosha in order to present a panoramic picture of the novel biological processes that Drosha is involved in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanshuo Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuwen Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
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5
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Kour S, Fortuna T, Anderson EN, Mawrie D, Bilstein J, Sivasubramanian R, Ward C, Roy R, Rajasundaram D, Sterneckert J, Pandey UB. Drosha-dependent microRNAs modulate FUS-mediated neurodegeneration in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11258-11276. [PMID: 37791873 PMCID: PMC10639082 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene cause the familial and progressive form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). FUS is a nuclear RNA-binding protein involved in RNA processing and the biogenesis of a specific set of microRNAs. Here we report that Drosha and two previously uncharacterized Drosha-dependent miRNAs are strong modulators of FUS expression and prevent the cytoplasmic segregation of insoluble mutant FUS in vivo. We demonstrate that depletion of Drosha mitigates FUS-mediated degeneration, survival and motor defects in Drosophila. Mutant FUS strongly interacts with Drosha and causes its cytoplasmic mis-localization into the insoluble FUS inclusions. Reduction in Drosha levels increases the solubility of mutant FUS. Interestingly, we found two Drosha dependent microRNAs, miR-378i and miR-6832-5p, which differentially regulate the expression, solubility and cytoplasmic aggregation of mutant FUS in iPSC neurons and mammalian cells. More importantly, we report different modes of action of these miRNAs against mutant FUS. Whereas miR-378i may regulate mutant FUS inclusions by preventing G3BP-mediated stress granule formation, miR-6832-5p may affect FUS expression via other proteins or pathways. Overall, our research reveals a possible association between ALS-linked FUS mutations and the Drosha-dependent miRNA regulatory circuit, as well as a useful perspective on potential ALS treatment via microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhleen Kour
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Tyler Fortuna
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Eric N Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Darilang Mawrie
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jessica Bilstein
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Caroline Ward
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Rishit Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Children's Neuroscience Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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6
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Lampada A, Taylor V. Notch signaling as a master regulator of adult neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1179011. [PMID: 37457009 PMCID: PMC10339389 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1179011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis ceases in most regions of the mammalian brain before or shortly after birth, however, in a few restricted brain regions, the production of new neurons proceeds into adulthood. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in these neurogenic zones are integrated into niches that control their activity and fate. Most stem cells in the adult brain are mitotically inactive and these cells can remain quiescent for months or even years. One of the key questions is what are the molecular mechanisms that regulate NSC maintenance and differentiation. Notch signaling has been shown to be a critical regulator of stem cell activity and maintenance in many tissues including in the nervous system. In this mini-review we discuss the roles of Notch signaling and the functions of the different Notch receptors and ligands in regulating neurogenesis in the adult murine brain. We review the functions of Notch signaling components in controlling NSC quiescence and entry into cell cycle and neurogenesis.
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7
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El Waly B, Bertet C, Paris M, Falque M, Milpied P, Magalon K, Cayre M, Durbec P. Neuroblasts contribute to oligodendrocytes generation upon demyelination in the adult mouse brain. iScience 2022; 25:105102. [PMID: 36185360 PMCID: PMC9519617 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
After demyelinating insult, the neuronal progenitors of the adult mouse sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) called neuroblasts convert into oligodendrocytes that participate to the remyelination process. We use this rare example of spontaneous fate conversion to identify the molecular mechanisms governing these processes. Using in vivo cell lineage and single cell RNA-sequencing, we demonstrate that SVZ neuroblasts fate conversion proceeds through formation of a non-proliferating transient cellular state co-expressing markers of both neuronal and oligodendrocyte identities. Transition between the two identities starts immediately after demyelination and occurs gradually, by a stepwise upregulation/downregulation of key TFs and chromatin modifiers. Each step of this fate conversion involves fine adjustments of the transcription and translation machineries as well as tight regulation of metabolism and migratory behaviors. Together, these data constitute the first in-depth analysis of a spontaneous cell fate conversion in the adult mammalian CNS. NB can contribute to myelin repair by converting into oligodendrocytes NB fate conversion occurs gradually, through formation of an intermediate cell type NB fate conversion does not involve reversion toward a pluripotent state NB fate conversion seems to involve EMT-related mechanisms and metabolic changes
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8
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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9
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Zhang YF, Li XX, Cao XL, Ji CC, Gao XY, Gao D, Han H, Yu F, Zheng MH. MicroRNA-582-5p Contributes to the Maintenance of Neural Stem Cells Through Inhibiting Secretory Protein FAM19A1. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:866020. [PMID: 35685988 PMCID: PMC9171424 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.866020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulations on the maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) are complicated and far from been fully understood. Our previous findings have shown that after blocking Notch signaling in NSCs in vivo, the stemness of NSCs decreases, accompanied by the downregulated expression of miR-582-5p. In the current study, we further investigated the function and mechanism of miR-582-5p in the maintenance of NSCs in vitro and in vivo. After transfecting a mimic of miR-582-5p, the formation of neurospheres and proliferation of NSCs and intermediate progenitor cells (NS/PCs) were enhanced, and the expression of stemness markers such as Sox2, Nestin, and Pax6 also increased. The results were reversed after transfection of an inhibitor of miR-582-5p. We further generated miR-582 knock-out (KO) mice to investigate its function in vivo, and we found that the number of NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) region decreased and the number of neuroblasts increased in miR-582 deficient mice, indicating reduced stemness and enhanced neurogenesis of NSCs. Moreover, RNA-sequencing and molecular biological analysis revealed that miR-582-5p regulates the stemness and proliferation of NSCs by inhibiting secretory protein FAM19A1. In summary, our research uncovered a new epigenetic mechanism that regulates the maintenance of NSCs, therefore providing novel targets to amplify NSCs in vitro and to promote neurogenesis in vivo during brain pathology and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’ an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen-Chen Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Han,
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Fei Yu,
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Min-Hua Zheng,
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10
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Zhang J, Guan M, Zhou X, Berry K, He X, Lu QR. Long Noncoding RNAs in CNS Myelination and Disease. Neuroscientist 2022; 29:287-301. [PMID: 35373640 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221083919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myelination by oligodendrocytes is crucial for neuronal survival and function, and defects in myelination or failure in myelin repair can lead to axonal degeneration and various neurological diseases. At present, the factors that promote myelination and overcome the remyelination block in demyelinating diseases are poorly defined. Although the roles of protein-coding genes in oligodendrocyte differentiation have been extensively studied, the majority of the mammalian genome is transcribed into noncoding RNAs, and the functions of these molecules in myelination are poorly characterized. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate transcription at multiple levels, providing spatiotemporal control and robustness for cell type-specific gene expression and physiological functions. lncRNAs have been shown to regulate neural cell-type specification, differentiation, and maintenance of cell identity, and dysregulation of lncRNA function has been shown to contribute to neurological diseases. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the functions of lncRNAs in oligodendrocyte development and myelination as well their roles in neurological diseases and brain tumorigenesis. A more systematic characterization of lncRNA functional networks will be instrumental for a better understanding of CNS myelination, myelin disorders, and myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Nervous System Injuries and Diseases, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children at Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Menglong Guan
- Laboratory of Nervous System Injuries and Diseases, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children at Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xianyao Zhou
- Laboratory of Nervous System Injuries and Diseases, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children at Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kalen Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xuelian He
- Laboratory of Nervous System Injuries and Diseases, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children at Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Uluca B, Lektemur Esen C, Saritas Erdogan S, Kumbasar A. NFI transcriptionally represses CDON and is required for SH-SY5Y cell survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194798. [PMID: 35151899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Factor One (NFI) family of transcription factors regulate proliferation and multiple aspects of differentiation, playing analogous roles in embryonic development and various types of cancer. While all NFI family members are expressed in the developing brain and are involved in progression of brain cancers, their role in neuroblastoma has not been studied. Here we show that NFIB is required for the survival and proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, assessed by viability and colony formation assays. Cdon, an Ig superfamily member, is a SHH dependence receptor that acts as a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma. In the absence of NFI, Cdon is upregulated in the developing mouse brain, however the mechanisms by which its transcription is regulated remains unknown. We report CDON as a downstream target of NFIs in SH-SY5Y cells. There are three putative NFI binding sites within the one kb CDON promoter, two of which are occupied by NFIs in SH-SY5Y cells and human neural stem cells. In dual-luciferase assays, Nfib directly represses CDON proximal promoter activity. Moreover, silencing NFIB leads to upregulation of CDON in SH-SY5Y cells, however, decreased cell proliferation in NFIB silenced cells could not be rescued by concomitantly silencing CDON, suggesting other molecular players are involved. For instance, p21, an NFI target in glioblastoma and breast cancer cells, is also upregulated upon NFIB knock-down. We propose that NFIB is indispensable for SH-SY5Y cells which may involve regulation of apoptosis inducer proteins CDON and p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Uluca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Turkish-German University, Beykoz, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
| | - Cemre Lektemur Esen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Sinem Saritas Erdogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Asli Kumbasar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
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12
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Penning A, Tosoni G, Abiega O, Bielefeld P, Gasperini C, De Pietri Tonelli D, Fitzsimons CP, Salta E. Adult Neural Stem Cell Regulation by Small Non-coding RNAs: Physiological Significance and Pathological Implications. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:781434. [PMID: 35058752 PMCID: PMC8764185 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.781434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult neurogenic niches are complex multicellular systems, receiving regulatory input from a multitude of intracellular, juxtacrine, and paracrine signals and biological pathways. Within the niches, adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) generate astrocytic and neuronal progeny, with the latter predominating in physiological conditions. The new neurons generated from this neurogenic process are functionally linked to memory, cognition, and mood regulation, while much less is known about the functional contribution of aNSC-derived newborn astrocytes and adult-born oligodendrocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that the deregulation of aNSCs and their progeny can impact, or can be impacted by, aging and several brain pathologies, including neurodevelopmental and mood disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and also by insults, such as epileptic seizures, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. Hence, understanding the regulatory underpinnings of aNSC activation, differentiation, and fate commitment could help identify novel therapeutic avenues for a series of pathological conditions. Over the last two decades, small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of NSC fate determination in the adult neurogenic niches. In this review, we synthesize prior knowledge on how sncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), may impact NSC fate determination in the adult brain and we critically assess the functional significance of these events. We discuss the concepts that emerge from these examples and how they could be used to provide a framework for considering aNSC (de)regulation in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Penning
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Tosoni
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oihane Abiega
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bielefeld
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caterina Gasperini
- Neurobiology of miRNAs Lab, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Carlos P. Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Carlos Fitzsimons Evgenia Salta
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Laboratory of Neurogenesis and Neurodegeneration, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Carlos Fitzsimons Evgenia Salta
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13
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Hau AC, Mommaerts E, Laub V, Müller T, Dittmar G, Schulte D. Transcriptional cooperation of PBX1 and PAX6 in adult neural progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21013. [PMID: 34697387 PMCID: PMC8545929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX6 is a highly conserved transcription factor and key regulator of several neurogenic processes, including the continuous generation of dopaminergic/GABAergic interneurons in the adult ventricular-subventricular (V-SVZ) neurogenic system in mice. Here we report that PAX6 cooperates with the TALE-homeodomain transcription factor PBX1 in this context. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation showed that PBX1 and PAX6 co-occupy shared genomic binding sites in adult V-SVZ stem- and progenitor cell cultures and mouse embryonic stem cells, while depletion of Pbx1 revealed that association of PAX6 with these sites requires the presence of PBX1. Expression profiling together with viral overexpression or knockdown of Pax6 or Pbx1 identified novel PBX1-PAX6 co-regulated genes, including several transcription factors. Computational modeling of genome wide expression identified novel cross-regulatory networks among these very transcription factors. Taken together, the results presented here highlight the intimate link that exists between PAX6 and TALE-HD family proteins and contribute novel insights into how the orchestrated activity of transcription factors shapes adult V-SVZ neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Hau
- Neurological Institute, Edinger Institute, University Hospital, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany. .,NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, 1526, Strassen, Luxembourg. .,National Center of Pathology, Laboratoire National de Santé, 1 rue Louis Rech, 3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg.
| | - Elise Mommaerts
- Quantitative Biology Unit, LUXGEN, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B Rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Vera Laub
- Neurological Institute, Edinger Institute, University Hospital, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tamara Müller
- Neurological Institute, Edinger Institute, University Hospital, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Quantitative Biology Unit, LUXGEN, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B Rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Neurological Institute, Edinger Institute, University Hospital, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 7, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
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14
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Pan D, Qian B, Zhao D, Yao B. Nfib promotes chondrocyte proliferation and inhibits differentiation by mildly regulating Sox9 and its downstream genes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7487-7497. [PMID: 34651294 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation play pivotal roles in regulating cartilage formation, endochondral bone formation, and repair. Cartilage damage and underdevelopment may cause severe joint diseases. Various transcription factors regulate cartilage development. Nuclear factor 1 B (Nfib) is a transcription factor that plays a regulatory role in various organs. However, the effect and mechanism of Nfib on the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in cartilage are still largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we investigated the gene expression patterns in primary chondrocytes with Nfib overexpression or silencing by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. The results showed that Nfib overexpression significantly up-regulated genes that are related to chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and significantly down-regulated genes related to chondrocyte differentiation and ECM degradation. However, with Nfib silencing, the genes involved in promoting chondrocyte differentiation were significantly up-regulated, whereas those involved in promoting chondrocyte proliferation were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot, alcian blue staining and immunofluorescence staining assays further confirmed that Nfib potentially promotes chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular synthesis but inhibits differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The molecular mechanism of Nfib in promoting chondrocyte proliferation and inhibiting differentiation was probably achieved by stimulating Sox9 and its downstream genes. Thus, this study adds new insights regarding the underlying molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daian Pan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Benxin Qian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
| | - Baojin Yao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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15
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Xu H, Liu X, Li W, Xi Y, Su P, Meng B, Shao X, Tang B, Yang Q, Mao Z. p38 MAPK-mediated loss of nuclear RNase III enzyme Drosha underlies amyloid beta-induced neuronal stress in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13434. [PMID: 34528746 PMCID: PMC8521488 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs ubiquitously expressed in the brain and regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. The nuclear RNase III enzyme Drosha initiates the maturation process of miRNAs in the nucleus. Strong evidence suggests that dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in many neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysfunction of miRNA biogenesis components may be involved in the processes of those diseases. However, the role of Drosha in AD remains unknown. By using immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, and subcellular fractionation methods, we show here that the level of Drosha protein was significantly lower in the postmortem brain of human AD patients as well as in the transgenic rat model of AD. Interestingly, Drosha level was specifically reduced in neurons of the cortex and hippocampus but not in the cerebellum in the AD brain samples. In primary cortical neurons, amyloid‐beta (Aβ) oligomers caused a p38 MAPK‐dependent phosphorylation of Drosha, leading to its redistribution from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and a decrease in its level. This loss of Drosha function preceded Aβ‐induced neuronal death. Importantly, inhibition of p38 MAPK activity or overexpression of Drosha protected neurons from Aβ oligomers‐induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results establish a role for p38 MAPK‐Drosha pathway in modulating neuronal viability under Aβ oligomers stress condition and implicate loss of Drosha as a key molecular change in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Ye Xi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Bo Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Xiaoyun Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery Tangdu Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Zixu Mao
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
- Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
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16
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Guo S, Wang R, Hu J, Sun L, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Han D, Hu S. Photobiomodulation Promotes Hippocampal CA1 NSC Differentiation Toward Neurons and Facilitates Cognitive Function Recovery Involving NLRP3 Inflammasome Mitigation Following Global Cerebral Ischemia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:731855. [PMID: 34489645 PMCID: PMC8417562 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.731855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study revealed that photobiomodulation (PBM) inhibits delayed neuronal death by preserving mitochondrial dynamics and function following global cerebral ischemia (GCI). In the current study, we clarified whether PBM exerts effective roles in endogenous neurogenesis and long-lasting neurological recovery after GCI. Adult male rats were treated with 808 nm PBM at 20 mW/cm2 irradiance for 2 min on cerebral cortex surface (irradiance ∼7.0 mW/cm2, fluence ∼0.8 J/cm2 on the hippocampus) beginning 3 days after GCI for five consecutive days. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze. Neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, immature neurons, and mature neurons were examined using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-, doublecortin (DCX)-, and NeuN-staining, respectively. Protein expression, such as NLRP3, cleaved IL1β, GFAP, and Iba1 was detected using immunofluorescence staining, and ultrastructure of astrocyte and microglia was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that PBM exerted a markedly neuroprotective role and improved spatial learning and memory ability at 58 days of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) but not at 7 days of reperfusion. Mechanistic studies revealed that PBM suppressed reactive astrocytes and maintained astrocyte regeneration at 7 days of reperfusion, as well as elevated neurogenesis at 58 days of reperfusion, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of GFAP (astrocyte marker) but unchanged the number of BrdU-GFAP colabeled cells at the early timepoint, and a robust elevation in the number of DCX-NeuN colabeled cells at the later timepoint in the PBM-treated group compared to the GCI group. Notably, PBM treatment protected the ultrastructure of astrocyte and microglia cells at 58 days but not 7 days of reperfusion in the hippocampal CA1 region. Furthermore, PBM treatment significantly attenuated the GCI-induced immunofluorescence intensity of NLRP3 (an inflammasome component), cleaved IL1β (reflecting inflammasome activation) and Iba1, as well as the colocalization of NLRP3/GFAP or cleaved IL-1β/GFAP, especially in animals subjected to I/R at 58 days. Taken together, PBM treatment performed postischemia exerted a long-lasting protective effect on astrocytes and promoted endogenous neurogenesis in the hippocampal CA1 region, which might contribute to neurological recovery after GCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jiewei Hu
- Neurobiology Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Liping Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinru Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Dong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuqun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Health Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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17
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Hourigan B, Balay SD, Yee G, Sharma S, Tan Q. Capicua regulates the development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11725. [PMID: 34083623 PMCID: PMC8175746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons continuously arise from neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus to support ongoing learning and memory formation. To generate functional adult-born neurons, neural progenitor cells proliferate to expand the precursor cell pool and differentiate into neurons. Newly generated cells then undergo postmitotic maturation to migrate to their final destination and develop elaborate dendritic branching, which allows them to receive input signals. Little is known about factors that regulate neuronal differentiation, migration, and dendrite maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor protein capicua (CIC) exhibits dynamic expression in the adult dentate gyrus. Conditional deletion of Cic from the mouse dentate gyrus compromises the adult neural progenitor cell pool without altering their proliferative potential. We further demonstrate that the loss of Cic impedes neuronal lineage development and disrupts dendritic arborization and migration of adult-born neurons. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of CIC in neurogenesis of the adult dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Hourigan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Spencer D Balay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Graydon Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada.
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18
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Formation and integration of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:223-236. [PMID: 33633402 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian brain. Adult-born neurons shape brain function, and endogenous NSCs could potentially be harnessed for brain repair. In this Review, focused on hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents, we highlight recent advances in the field based on novel technologies (including single-cell RNA sequencing, intravital imaging and functional observation of newborn cells in behaving mice) and characterize the distinct developmental steps from stem cell activation to the integration of newborn neurons into pre-existing circuits. Further, we review current knowledge of how levels of neurogenesis are regulated, discuss findings regarding survival and maturation of adult-born cells and describe how newborn neurons affect brain function. The evidence arguing for (and against) lifelong neurogenesis in the human hippocampus is briefly summarized. Finally, we provide an outlook of what is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and functional consequences of adult neurogenesis and how the field may move towards more translational relevance in the context of acute and chronic neural injury and stem cell-based brain repair.
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19
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Cannavicci A, Zhang Q, Kutryk MJB. Non-Coding RNAs and Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103333. [PMID: 33080889 PMCID: PMC7603193 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional ribonucleic acid (RNA) species that include microRNAs (miRs), a class of short non-coding RNAs (∼21–25 nucleotides), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) consisting of more than 200 nucleotides. They regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and are involved in a wide range of pathophysiological processes. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion characterized by vascular dysplasia. Patients can develop life-threatening vascular malformations and experience severe hemorrhaging. Effective pharmacological therapies are limited. The study of ncRNAs in HHT is an emerging field with great promise. This review will explore the current literature on the involvement of ncRNAs in HHT as diagnostic and pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Cannavicci
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
| | - Qiuwang Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
| | - Michael J. B. Kutryk
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(416)-360-4000 (ext. 6155)
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20
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Zhang R, Boareto M, Engler A, Louvi A, Giachino C, Iber D, Taylor V. Id4 Downstream of Notch2 Maintains Neural Stem Cell Quiescence in the Adult Hippocampus. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1485-1498.e6. [PMID: 31390563 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are mostly quiescent, and only a few are in cell cycle at any point in time. DG NSCs become increasingly dormant with age and enter mitosis less frequently, which impinges on neurogenesis. How NSC inactivity is maintained is largely unknown. Here, we found that Id4 is a downstream target of Notch2 signaling and maintains DG NSC quiescence by blocking cell-cycle entry. Id4 expression is sufficient to promote DG NSC quiescence and Id4 knockdown rescues Notch2-induced inhibition of NSC proliferation. Id4 deletion activates NSC proliferation in the DG without evoking neuron generation, and overexpression increases NSC maintenance while promoting astrogliogenesis at the expense of neurogenesis. Together, our findings indicate that Id4 is a major effector of Notch2 signaling in NSCs and a Notch2-Id4 axis promotes NSC quiescence in the adult DG, uncoupling NSC activation from neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runrui Zhang
- Embryology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Boareto
- Computational Biology Group, D-BSSE, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Engler
- Embryology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Yale Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Claudio Giachino
- Embryology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dagmar Iber
- Computational Biology Group, D-BSSE, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Embryology and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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21
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Deregulation of Drosha in the pathogenesis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 26:161-169. [PMID: 30855334 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) superfamily - a large group of structurally related and evolutionarily conserved proteins - profoundly shapes and organizes the vasculature during normal development and adult homeostasis. Mutations inactivating several of its ligands, receptors, or signal transducers set off hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a disorder that causes capillary networks to form incorrectly. Drosha, an essential microRNA-processing enzyme, also interfaces with TGFβ signal transducers, but its involvement in vascular conditions had not been tested until recently. This review summarizes current evidence that links mutations of Drosha to HHT. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic studies have revealed that rare missense mutations in the Drosha gene occur more commonly among HHT patients than in healthy people. Molecular analyses also indicated that Drosha enzymes with HHT-associated mutations generate microRNAs less efficiently than their wild-type counterpart when stimulated by TGFβ ligands. In zebrafish or mouse, mutant Drosha proteins cause the formation of dilated, leaky blood vessels deprived of capillaries, similar to those typically found in patients with HHT. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that Drosha-mediated microRNA biogenesis contributes significantly to the control of vascular development and homeostasis by TGFβ. Loss or reduction of Drosha function may predispose carriers to HHT and possibly other vascular diseases.
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22
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Barakat AK, Scholl C, Steffens M, Brandenburg K, Ising M, Lucae S, Holsboer F, Laje G, Kalayda GV, Jaehde U, Stingl JC. Citalopram-induced pathways regulation and tentative treatment-outcome-predicting biomarkers in lymphoblastoid cell lines from depression patients. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:210. [PMID: 32612257 PMCID: PMC7329820 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressant therapy is still associated with delays in symptomatic improvement and low response rates. Incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying antidepressant effects hampered the identification of objective biomarkers for antidepressant response. In this work, we studied transcriptome-wide expression followed by pathway analysis in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from 17 patients documented for response to SSRI antidepressants from the Munich Antidepressant Response Signatures (MARS) study upon short-term incubation (24 and 48 h) with citalopram. Candidate transcripts were further validated with qPCR in MARS LCLs from responders (n = 33) vs. non-responders (n = 36) and afterward in an independent cohort of treatment-resistant patients (n = 20) vs. first-line responders (n = 24) from the STAR*D study. In MARS cohort we observed significant associations of GAD1 (glutamate decarboxylase 1; p = 0.045), TBC1D9 (TBC1 Domain Family Member 9; p = 0.014-0.021) and NFIB (nuclear factor I B; p = 0.015-0.025) expression with response status, remission status and improvement in depression scale, respectively. Pathway analysis of citalopram-altered gene expression indicated response-status-dependent transcriptional reactions. Whereas in clinical responders neural function pathways were primarily up- or downregulated after incubation with citalopram, deregulated pathways in non-responders LCLs mainly involved cell adhesion and immune response. Results from the STAR*D study showed a marginal association of treatment-resistant depression with NFIB (p = 0.068) but not with GAD1 (p = 0.23) and TBC1D9 (p = 0.27). Our results propose the existence of distinct pathway regulation mechanisms in responders vs. non-responders and suggest GAD1, TBC1D9, and NFIB as tentative predictors for clinical response, full remission, and improvement in depression scale, respectively, with only a weak overlap in predictors of different therapy outcome phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Karim Barakat
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Catharina Scholl
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Steffens
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brandenburg
- grid.414802.b0000 0000 9599 0422Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Lucae
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- grid.419548.50000 0000 9497 5095Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Laje
- Washington Behavioral Medicine Associates LLC, Chevy Chase, MD USA
| | - Ganna V. Kalayda
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jaehde
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Carolin Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Marchetti B, Tirolo C, L'Episcopo F, Caniglia S, Testa N, Smith JA, Pluchino S, Serapide MF. Parkinson's disease, aging and adult neurogenesis: Wnt/β-catenin signalling as the key to unlock the mystery of endogenous brain repair. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13101. [PMID: 32050297 PMCID: PMC7059166 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A common hallmark of age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases is an impairment of adult neurogenesis. Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin (WβC) signalling is a vital pathway for dopaminergic (DAergic) neurogenesis and an essential signalling system during embryonic development and aging, the most critical risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). To date, there is no known cause or cure for PD. Here we focus on the potential to reawaken the impaired neurogenic niches to rejuvenate and repair the aged PD brain. Specifically, we highlight WβC-signalling in the plasticity of the subventricular zone (SVZ), the largest germinal region in the mature brain innervated by nigrostriatal DAergic terminals, and the mesencephalic aqueduct-periventricular region (Aq-PVR) Wnt-sensitive niche, which is in proximity to the SNpc and harbors neural stem progenitor cells (NSCs) with DAergic potential. The hallmark of the WβC pathway is the cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, which enters the nucleus and associates with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factors, leading to the transcription of Wnt target genes. Here, we underscore the dynamic interplay between DAergic innervation and astroglial-derived factors regulating WβC-dependent transcription of key genes orchestrating NSC proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. Aging, inflammation and oxidative stress synergize with neurotoxin exposure in "turning off" the WβC neurogenic switch via down-regulation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/Wnt-regulated signalosome, a key player in the maintenance of antioxidant self-defense mechanisms and NSC homeostasis. Harnessing WβC-signalling in the aged PD brain can thus restore neurogenesis, rejuvenate the microenvironment, and promote neurorescue and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Cataldo Tirolo
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | | | | | - Nunzio Testa
- Neuropharmacology SectionOASI Research Institute‐IRCCSTroinaItaly
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC)Pharmacology and Physiology SectionsMedical SchoolUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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24
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Pous L, Deshpande SS, Nath S, Mezey S, Malik SC, Schildge S, Bohrer C, Topp K, Pfeifer D, Fernández-Klett F, Doostkam S, Galanakis DK, Taylor V, Akassoglou K, Schachtrup C. Fibrinogen induces neural stem cell differentiation into astrocytes in the subventricular zone via BMP signaling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:630. [PMID: 32005867 PMCID: PMC6994610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) originating from the subventricular zone (SVZ) contribute to brain repair during CNS disease. The microenvironment within the SVZ stem cell niche controls NSPC fate. However, extracellular factors within the niche that trigger astrogliogenesis over neurogenesis during CNS disease are unclear. Here, we show that blood-derived fibrinogen is enriched in the SVZ niche following distant cortical brain injury in mice. Fibrinogen inhibited neuronal differentiation in SVZ and hippocampal NSPCs while promoting astrogenesis via activation of the BMP receptor signaling pathway. Genetic and pharmacologic depletion of fibrinogen reduced astrocyte formation within the SVZ after cortical injury, reducing the contribution of SVZ-derived reactive astrocytes to lesion scar formation. We propose that fibrinogen is a regulator of NSPC-derived astrogenesis from the SVZ niche via BMP receptor signaling pathway following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Pous
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sachin S Deshpande
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Suvra Nath
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Szilvia Mezey
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Subash C Malik
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schildge
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bohrer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Könül Topp
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francisco Fernández-Klett
- Department of Neuropsychiatry & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Doostkam
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis K Galanakis
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, Embryology and Stem Cell Biology, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katerina Akassoglou
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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25
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Gothié J, Vancamp P, Demeneix B, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13316. [PMID: 31121082 PMCID: PMC9286394 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the vertebrate brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate both neuronal and glial cells throughout life. However, their neuro‐ and gliogenic capacity changes as a function of the developmental context. Despite the growing body of evidence on the variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating NSC physiology, their precise cellular and molecular actions are not fully determined. Our review focuses on thyroid hormone (TH), a vital component for both development and adult brain function that regulates NSC biology at all stages. First, we review comparative data to analyse how TH modulates neuro‐ and gliogenesis during vertebrate brain development. Second, as the mammalian brain is the most studied, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying TH action in this context. Lastly, we explore how the interplay between TH signalling and cell metabolism governs both neurodevelopmental and adult neurogenesis. We conclude that, together, TH and cellular metabolism regulate optimal brain formation, maturation and function from early foetal life to adult in vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐David Gothié
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological Institute & Hospital, McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
| | | | - Sylvie Remaud
- CNRS UMR 7221 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris France
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26
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Zenker M, Bunt J, Schanze I, Schanze D, Piper M, Priolo M, Gerkes EH, Gronostajski RM, Richards LJ, Vogt J, Wessels MW, Hennekam RC. Variants in nuclear factor I genes influence growth and development. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 181:611-626. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital, Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Jens Bunt
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Ina Schanze
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital, Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human GeneticsUniversity Hospital, Otto‐von‐Guericke‐University Magdeburg Germany
| | - Michael Piper
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Manuela Priolo
- Operative Unit of Medical GeneticsGreat Metropolitan Hospital Bianchi‐Melacrino‐Morelli Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Erica H. Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Richard M. Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life SciencesState University of New York Buffalo NY
| | - Linda J. Richards
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Julie Vogt
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health PartnersWomen's and Children's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK
| | - Marja W. Wessels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Raoul C. Hennekam
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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27
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Neuron-Astroglia Cell Fate Decision in the Adult Mouse Hippocampal Neurogenic Niche Is Cell-Intrinsically Controlled by COUP-TFI In Vivo. Cell Rep 2019; 24:329-341. [PMID: 29996095 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the dentate gyrus (DG) of the mouse hippocampus, neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis persist throughout life. Adult-born neurons and astrocytes originate from multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) whose activity is tightly regulated within the neurogenic niche. However, the cell-intrinsic mechanisms controlling neuron-glia NSC fate choice are largely unknown. Here, we show COUP-TFI/NR2F1 expression in DG NSCs and its downregulation upon neuroinflammation. By using in vivo inducible knockout lines, a retroviral-based loss-of-function approach and genetic fate mapping, we demonstrate that COUP-TFI inactivation in adult NSCs and/or mitotic progenitors reduces neurogenesis and increases astrocyte production without depleting the NSC pool. Moreover, forced COUP-TFI expression in adult NSCs/progenitors decreases DG astrogliogenesis and rescues the neuro-astrogliogenic imbalance under neuroinflammation. Thus, COUP-TFI is necessary and sufficient to promote neurogenesis by suppressing astrogliogenesis. Our data propose COUP-TFI as a central regulator of the neuron-astroglia cell fate decision and a key modulator during neuroinflammation in the adult hippocampus.
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28
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Gruchot J, Weyers V, Göttle P, Förster M, Hartung HP, Küry P, Kremer D. The Molecular Basis for Remyelination Failure in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080825. [PMID: 31382620 PMCID: PMC6721708 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) insulate axons and thereby allow saltatory nerve conduction, which is a prerequisite for complex brain function. Multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS, leads to the destruction of myelin sheaths and the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, thus leaving behind demyelinated axons prone to injury and degeneration. Clinically, this process manifests itself in significant neurological symptoms and disability. Resident oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) are present in the adult brain, and can differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes which then remyelinate the demyelinated axons. However, for multiple reasons, in MS the regenerative capacity of these cell populations diminishes significantly over time, ultimately leading to neurodegeneration, which currently remains untreatable. In addition, microglial cells, the resident innate immune cells of the CNS, can contribute further to inflammatory and degenerative axonal damage. Here, we review the molecular factors contributing to remyelination failure in MS by inhibiting OPC and NSC differentiation or modulating microglial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gruchot
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vivien Weyers
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Förster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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29
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Remaud S, Demeneix B. [Thyroid hormones regulate neural stem cell fate]. Biol Aujourdhui 2019; 213:7-16. [PMID: 31274098 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2019007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are vital for vertebrate brain function throughout life, from early development to ageing. Epidemiological studies show an adequate supply of maternal TH during pregnancy to be necessary for normal brain development, and this from the first trimester of onwards. Maternal TH deficiency irreversibly affects fetal brain development, increasing the risk of offspring cognitive disorders and IQ loss. Mammalian and non-mammalian (zebrafish, xenopus, chicken) models are useful to dissect TH-dependent cellular and molecular mechanisms governing embryonic and fetal brain development: a complex process including cell proliferation, survival, determination, migration, differentiation and maturation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Notably, rodent models have strongly contributed to understand the key neurogenic roles of TH still at work in adult life. Neurogenesis continues in two main areas, the sub-ventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles (essential for olfaction) and the sub-granular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (involved in memory, learning and mood control). In both niches, THs tightly regulate the balance between neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis under physiological and pathological contexts. Understanding how THs modulate NSCs determination toward a neuronal or a glial fate throughout life is a crucial question in neural stem cell biology. Providing answers to this question can offer therapeutic strategies for brain repair, notably in neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases or stroke where new neurons and/or oligodendrocytes are required. The review focuses on TH regulation of NSC fate in mammals and humans both during development and in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Remaud
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Laboratoire Physiologie moléculaire de l'adaptation, 7 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris, France
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30
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Zhong J, Lan C, Zhang C, Yang Y, Chen WX, Zhang KY, Zhao HL, Fang XY, Li HH, Tan L, Wang P, Ge HF, Hu R, Feng H. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan represses neural stem/progenitor cells migration via PTPσ/α-actinin4 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11008-11021. [PMID: 30688376 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are a promising candidate for the cell-replacement therapy after central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, the short of sufficient NSPCs migration and integration into the lesions is an essential challenge for cell-based therapy after CNS injury due to the disturbance of local environmental homeostasis. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) is obviously accumulated at the lesions and destroyed local homeostasis after CNS injury. The previous study has demonstrated that the CSPG is a dominating ingredient inhibiting axonal regrowth of newly born neurons after CNS injury. NSPCs, a strain of special neural subtypes, hold the capacity of leading processes formation to regulate NSPCs migration, which has the same mechanism as axonal regrowth. Hence, it is worth investigating the effect of CSPG on NSPCs migration and its underlying mechanism. Here, different concentration of CSPG was used to evaluate its effect on NSPCs migration. The results showed that the CSPG suppressed NSPCs migration in a dose-dependent manner from 10 to 80 µg/mL with phase-contrast microscopy after 24 hours. Meanwhile, transwell assays were performed to certify the above results. Our data indicated that the 40 µg/mL CSPG obviously suppressed NSPCs migration via decreasing filopodia formation using immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, data indicated that the 40 µg/mL CSPG upregulated protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor σ (PTPσ) expression and decreased α-actinin4 (ACTN4) expression through immunofluorescence, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot assays. While the inhibitory effect was attenuated using PTPσ-specific small interfering RNA. In addition, data demonstrated that the 40 µg/mL CSPG facilitated NSPCs differentiation into glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells and inhibited NSPCs directing into MAP2- and MBP-positive cells. Collectively, these data demonstrated that the CSPG suppressed NSPCs migration through PTPσ/ACTN4 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, CSPG facilitated NSPCs differentiation into astrocytes and inhibited NSPCs directing into neurons and oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Heng-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan-Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Fei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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31
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Ghosh HS. Adult Neurogenesis and the Promise of Adult Neural Stem Cells. J Exp Neurosci 2019; 13:1179069519856876. [PMID: 31285654 PMCID: PMC6600486 DOI: 10.1177/1179069519856876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult brain, even though largely postmitotic, is now known to have dividing
cells that can make both glia and neurons. Of these, the precursor cells that
have the potential to make new neurons in the adult brain have attracted great
attention from researchers, anticipating their therapeutic potential for
neurodegenerative conditions. In this review, I will focus on adult
neurogenesis, from the perspective of the overall neurogenic potential in the
adult brain, current understanding of the ‘adult neural stem cell’, and the
importance of niche as a decisive factor for neurogenesis under
homeostasis and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiyaa S Ghosh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
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32
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Guo WT, Wang Y. Dgcr8 knockout approaches to understand microRNA functions in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1697-1711. [PMID: 30694346 PMCID: PMC11105204 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Biologic function of the majority of microRNAs (miRNAs) is still unknown. Uncovering the function of miRNAs is hurdled by redundancy among different miRNAs. The deletion of Dgcr8 leads to the deficiency in producing all canonical miRNAs, therefore, overcoming the redundancy issue. Dgcr8 knockout strategy has been instrumental in understanding the function of miRNAs in a variety of cells in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will first give a brief introduction about miRNAs, miRNA biogenesis pathway and the role of Dgcr8 in miRNA biogenesis. We will then summarize studies performed with Dgcr8 knockout cell models with a focus on embryonic stem cells. After that, we will summarize results from various in vivo Dgcr8 knockout models. Given significant phenotypic differences in various tissues between Dgcr8 and Dicer knockout, we will also briefly review current progresses on understanding miRNA-independent functions of miRNA biogenesis factors. Finally, we will discuss the potential use of a new strategy to stably express miRNAs in Dgcr8 knockout cells. In future, Dgcr8 knockout approaches coupled with innovations in miRNA rescue strategy may provide further insights into miRNA functions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Guo
- Central Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Mohammadshirazi A, Sadrosadat H, Jaberi R, Zareikheirabadi M, Mirsadeghi S, Naghdabadi Z, Ghaneezabadi M, Fardmanesh M, Baharvand H, Kiani S. Combinational therapy of lithium and human neural stem cells in rat spinal cord contusion model. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20742-20754. [PMID: 31004353 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large number of treatment approaches have been used for spinal cord injury improvement, a medically incurable disorder, and subsequently stem cell transplantation appears to be a promising strategy. The main objective of this study is to ascertain whether combinational therapy of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) together with lithium chloride improves cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in a rat spinal contusion model, or not. Contusive spinal cord injury was implemented on Wistar male rats. Experimental groups comprised of: control, hNSCs transplanted, lithium chloride (Li), and hNSCs and lithium chloride (hNSCs + Li). In every experimental group, locomotor activity score and motor evoked potential (MEP) were performed to evaluate motor recovery as well as histological assessments to determine mechanisms of improvement. In accordance with our results, the hNSCs + Li and the Li groups showed significant improvement in locomotor scores and MEP. Also, Histological assessments revealed that transplanted hNSCs are capable of differentiation and migration along the spinal cord. Although NESTIN-positive cells were proliferated significantly in the Lithium group in comparison with control and the hNSCs + Li groups, the quantity of ED1 cells in the hNSCs + Li was significantly larger than the other two groups. Our results demonstrate that combinational therapy of hNSCs with lithium chloride and lithium chloride individually are adequate for ameliorating more than partial functional recovery and endogenous repair in spinal cord-injured rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Mohammadshirazi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Sadrosadat
- Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Jaberi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Zareikheirabadi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mirsadeghi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Naghdabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Ghaneezabadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Fardmanesh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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A novel long noncoding RNA lnc158 promotes the differentiation of mouse neural precursor cells into oligodendrocytes by targeting nuclear factor-IB. Neuroreport 2019; 29:1121-1128. [PMID: 29965871 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs have been implicated in oligodendrocyte myelination and oligodendrocyte maturation, but their roles in normal oligodendrocyte differentiation are not fully defined. Here, we report a novel nonprotein-coding RNA, named lnc158, discovered in mouse oligodendrocytes identified in subependymal ventricular zone tissue by single-cell RNA sequencing. Lnc158 is an endogenous antisense transcript of nuclear factor-IB (NFIB) and complementary to 3' untranslated region of NFIB mRNA. NFIB is a member of the nuclear factor-I family and is essential in the development of many organs such as brains and lungs. We found that lnc158 transcripts serve a biological function by regulating the transcription level of the NFIB coding gene in neural stem cells. Overexpression of lnc158 increased the expression of NFIB mRNA and knockdown of lnc158 decreased the expression of NFIB mRNA, suggesting that NFIB is regulated positively by lnc158. Further analyses showed that overexpression of lnc158 in neural stem cells induced a modest increase in CNP, MBP, MAG, and OSP mRNA level, and enhanced induction of differentiation along the lineage of oligodendrocytes. These results together imply that lnc158 positively modulates the transcription level of NFIB mRNA, leading to the enhanced induction of oligodendrocytes.
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Abstract
In the mammalian brain, highly specialized astrocytes serve as neural stem cells (NSCs) that divide and give rise to new neurons, in a process called neurogenesis. During embryonic development NSCs generate almost all neurons of the brain. Soon after birth the neurogenic potential of NSCs is highly reduced, and neurogenesis occurs only in two specialized brain regions called the neurogenic niches. Niche cells are essential to stem cells as they provide structural and nutritional support, and control fundamental stem cell decisions. Astrocytes, major components of the adult neurogenic niches, are evolving as important regulators of neurogenesis, by controlling NSC proliferation, fate choice, and differentiation of the progeny. Therefore, astrocytes contribute to neurogenesis in two ways: as NSCs and as niche cells. This review highlights the role of astrocyte-like NSCs during development and adulthood, and summarizes how niche astrocytes control the process of adult neurogenesis.
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The role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in brain health and disease. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:67-87. [PMID: 29679070 PMCID: PMC6195869 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is highly regulated by a number of environmental and cell-intrinsic factors to adapt to environmental changes. Accumulating evidence suggests that adult-born neurons may play distinct physiological roles in hippocampus-dependent functions, such as memory encoding and mood regulation. In addition, several brain diseases, such as neurological diseases and mood disorders, have deleterious effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and some symptoms of those diseases can be partially explained by the dysregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here we review a possible link between the physiological functions of adult-born neurons and their roles in pathological conditions.
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Heterogeneity of Stem Cells in the Hippocampus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1169:31-53. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-24108-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Bao H, Song J. Treating Brain Disorders by Targeting Adult Neural Stem Cells. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:991-1006. [PMID: 30447904 PMCID: PMC6351137 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, a developmental process of generating functionally integrated neurons from neural stem cells, occurs throughout life in the hippocampus of the mammalian brain and highlights the plastic nature of the mature central nervous system. Substantial evidence suggests that new neurons participate in cognitive and affective brain functions and aberrant adult neurogenesis contributes to various brain disorders. Focusing on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we review recent findings that advance our understanding of the key properties and potential functions of adult neural stem cells. We further discuss the key evidence demonstrating the causal role of aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and various brain disorders. Finally, we propose strategies aimed at simultaneously correcting stem cells and their niche for treating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechen Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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39
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Gökbuget D, Pereira JA, Opitz L, Christe D, Kessler T, Marchais A, Suter U. The miRNA biogenesis pathway prevents inappropriate expression of injury response genes in developing and adult Schwann cells. Glia 2018; 66:2632-2644. [PMID: 30295958 PMCID: PMC6585637 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proper function of the nervous system depends on myelination. In peripheral nerves, Schwann cells (SCs) myelinate axons and the miRNA biogenesis pathway is required for developmental myelination and myelin maintenance. However, regulatory roles of this pathway at different stages of myelination are only partially understood. We addressed the requirement of the core miRNA biogenesis pathway components Dgcr8, Drosha, and Dicer in developing and adult SCs using mouse mutants with a comparative genetics and transcriptomics approach. We found that the microprocessor components Dgcr8 and Drosha are crucial for axonal radial sorting and to establish correct SC numbers upon myelination. Transcriptome analyses revealed a requirement of the microprocessor to prevent aberrantly increased expression of injury-response genes. Those genes are predicted targets of abundant miRNAs in sciatic nerves (SNs) during developmental myelination. In agreement, Dgcr8 and Dicer are required for proper maintenance of the myelinated SC state, where abundant miRNAs in adult SNs are predicted to target injury-response genes. We conclude that the miRNA biogenesis pathway in SCs is crucial for preventing inappropriate activity of injury-response genes in developing and adult SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Gökbuget
- ETH Zurich, Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jorge A. Pereira
- ETH Zurich, Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- ETH Zurich/University of ZurichFunctional Genomics Center ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Dominik Christe
- ETH Zurich, Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Tobias Kessler
- ETH Zurich, Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Antonin Marchais
- ETH Zurich, Department of BiologyInstitute of Agricultural SciencesZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ueli Suter
- ETH Zurich, Department of BiologyInstitute of Molecular Health SciencesZurichSwitzerland
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Suh H, Zhou QG, Fernandez-Carasa I, Clemenson GD, Pons-Espinal M, Ro EJ, Marti M, Raya A, Gage FH, Consiglio A. Long-Term Labeling of Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells by a Lentiviral Vector. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:415. [PMID: 30498432 PMCID: PMC6249367 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a lentivirus-mediated labeling method, we investigated whether the adult hippocampus retains long-lasting, self-renewing neural stem cells (NSCs). We first showed that a single injection of a lentiviral vector expressing a green fluorescent protein (LV PGK-GFP) into the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the adult hippocampus enabled an efficient, robust, and long-term marking of self-renewing NSCs and their progeny. Interestingly, a subset of labeled cells showed the ability to proliferate multiple times and give rise to Sox2+ cells, clearly suggesting the ability of NSCs to self-renew for an extensive period of time (up to 6 months). In addition, using GFP+ cells isolated from the SGZ of mice that received a LV PGK-GFP injection 3 months earlier, we demonstrated that some GFP+ cells displayed the essential properties of NSCs, such as self-renewal and multipotency. Furthermore, we investigated the plasticity of NSCs in a perforant path transection, which has been shown to induce astrocyte formation in the molecular layer of the hippocampus. Our lentivirus (LV)-mediated labeling study revealed that hippocampal NSCs are not responsible for the burst of astrocyte formation, suggesting that signals released from the injured perforant path did not influence NSC fate determination. Therefore, our studies showed that a gene delivery system using LVs is a unique method to be used for understanding the complex nature of NSCs and may have translational impact in gene therapy by efficiently targeting NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonkyo Suh
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Irene Fernandez-Carasa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregory Dane Clemenson
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Meritxell Pons-Espinal
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eun Jeoung Ro
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mercè Marti
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Raya
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fred H Gage
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Antonella Consiglio
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Bellvitge, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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41
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Regulating gene expression in animals through RNA endonucleolytic cleavage. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00908. [PMID: 30426105 PMCID: PMC6223193 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of any gene must be precisely controlled for appropriate function. This expression can be controlled at various levels. This includes epigenetic regulation through DNA methylation or histone modifications. At the posttranscriptional level, regulation can be via alternative splicing or controlling messenger RNA (mRNA) stability. RNA cleavage is one way to control mRNA stability. For example, microRNA (miRNA)-induced mRNA cleavage has long been recognised in plants. RNA cleavage also appears to be widespread in other kingdoms of life, and it is now clear that mRNA cleavage plays critical functions in animals. Although miRNA-induced mRNA cleavage can occur in animals, it is not a widespread mechanism. Instead, mRNA cleavage can be induced by a range of other mechanisms, including by endogenous short inhibitory RNAs (endo-siRNAs), as well as the Ribonuclease III (RNase III) enzymes Drosha and Dicer. In addition, RNA cleavage induced by endo-siRNAs and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) is important for genome defence against transposons. Moreover, several RNase has been identified as important antiviral mediators. In this review, we will discuss these various RNA endonucleolytic cleavage mechanisms utilised by animals to regulate the expression of genes and as a defence against retrotransposons and viral infection.
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42
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Serwanski DR, Rasmussen AL, Brunquell CB, Perkins SS, Nishiyama A. Sequential Contribution of Parenchymal and Neural Stem Cell-Derived Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells toward Remyelination. NEUROGLIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 1:91-105. [PMID: 30662979 PMCID: PMC6335037 DOI: 10.3390/neuroglia1010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the adult mammalian forebrain, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), also known as NG2 glia are distributed ubiquitously throughout the gray and white matter. They remain proliferative and continuously generate myelinating oligodendrocytes throughout life. In response to a demyelinating insult, OPCs proliferate rapidly and differentiate into oligodendrocytes which contribute to myelin repair. In addition to OPCs, neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) also contribute to remyelinating oligodendrocytes, particularly in demyelinated lesions in the vicinity of the SVZ, such as the corpus callosum. To determine the relative contribution of local OPCs and NSC-derived cells toward myelin repair, we performed genetic fate mapping of OPCs and NSCs and compared their ability to generate oligodendrocytes after acute demyelination in the corpus callosum created by local injection of α-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). We have found that local OPCs responded rapidly to acute demyelination, expanded in the lesion within seven days, and produced oligodendrocytes by two weeks after lesioning. By contrast, NSC-derived NG2 cells did not significantly increase in the lesion until four weeks after demyelination and generated fewer oligodendrocytes than parenchymal OPCs. These observations suggest that local OPCs could function as the primary responders to repair acutely demyelinated lesion, and that NSCs in the SVZ contribute to repopulating OPCs following their depletion due to oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Serwanski
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Andrew L Rasmussen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Christopher B Brunquell
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Scott S Perkins
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA; (D.R.S.); (A.L.R.); (C.B.B.); (S.S.P.)
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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43
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Hing B, Braun P, Cordner ZA, Ewald ER, Moody L, McKane M, Willour VL, Tamashiro KL, Potash JB. Chronic social stress induces DNA methylation changes at an evolutionary conserved intergenic region in chromosome X. Epigenetics 2018; 13:627-641. [PMID: 29943663 PMCID: PMC6140912 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1486654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress resulting from prolonged exposure to negative life events increases the risk of mood and anxiety disorders. Although chronic stress can change gene expression relevant for behavior, molecular regulators of this change have not been fully determined. One process that could play a role is DNA methylation, an epigenetic process whereby a methyl group is added onto nucleotides, predominantly cytosine in the CpG context, and which can be induced by chronic stress. It is unknown to what extent chronic social defeat, a model of human social stress, influences DNA methylation patterns across the genome. Our study addressed this question by using a targeted-capture approach called Methyl-Seq to investigate DNA methylation patterns of the dentate gyrus at putative regulatory regions across the mouse genome from mice exposed to 14 days of social defeat. Findings were replicated in independent cohorts by bisulfite-pyrosequencing. Two differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified. One DMR was located at intron 9 of Drosha, and it showed reduced methylation in stressed mice. This observation replicated in one of two independent cohorts. A second DMR was identified at an intergenic region of chromosome X, and methylation in this region was increased in stressed mice. This methylation difference replicated in two independent cohorts and in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) postmortem brains. These results highlight a region not previously known to be differentially methylated by chronic social defeat stress and which may be involved in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hing
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Patricia Braun
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Zachary A Cordner
- b Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Erin R Ewald
- b Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Laura Moody
- b Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Melissa McKane
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Virginia L Willour
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
| | - Kellie L Tamashiro
- b Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - James B Potash
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City , IA , USA
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44
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Knuckles P, Bühler M. Adenosine methylation as a molecular imprint defining the fate of RNA. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2845-2859. [PMID: 29782652 PMCID: PMC6175371 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest the RNA modification N6‐methyladonsine (m6A), which is installed in the nucleus cotranscriptionally and, thereafter, serves as a reversible chemical imprint that influences several steps of mRNA metabolism. This includes but is not limited to RNA folding, splicing, stability, transport and translation. In this Review we focus on the current view of the nuclear installation of m6A as well as the molecular players involved, the so called m6A writers. We also explore the effector proteins, or m6A readers, that decode the imprint in different cellular contexts and compartments, and ultimately, the way the modification influences the lifecycle of an RNA molecule. The wide evolutionary conservation of m6A and its critical role in physiology and disease warrants further studies into this burgeoning and exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Knuckles
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Bühler
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Switzerland
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45
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Neuronal activity regulates DROSHA via autophagy in spinal muscular atrophy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7907. [PMID: 29784949 PMCID: PMC5962575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated miRNA expression and mutation of genes involved in miRNA biogenesis have been reported in motor neuron diseases including spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Therefore, identifying molecular mechanisms governing miRNA expression is important to understand these diseases. Here, we report that expression of DROSHA, which is a critical enzyme in the microprocessor complex and essential for miRNA biogenesis, is reduced in motor neurons from an SMA mouse model. We show that DROSHA is degraded by neuronal activity induced autophagy machinery, which is also dysregulated in SMA. Blocking neuronal activity or the autophagy-lysosome pathway restores DROSHA levels in SMA motor neurons. Moreover, reducing DROSHA levels enhances axonal growth. As impaired axonal growth is a well described phenotype of SMA motor neurons, these data suggest that DROSHA reduction by autophagy may mitigate the phenotype of SMA. In summary, these findings suggest that autophagy regulates RNA metabolism and neuronal growth via the DROSHA/miRNA pathway and this pathway is dysregulated in SMA.
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46
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Sathyan S, Barzilai N, Atzmon G, Milman S, Ayers E, Verghese J. Genetic Insights Into Frailty: Association of 9p21-23 Locus With Frailty. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:105. [PMID: 29765957 PMCID: PMC5938407 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a complex aging phenotype associated with increased vulnerability to disability and death. Understanding the biological antecedents of frailty may provide clues to healthy aging. The genome-wide association study hotspot, 9p21-23 region, is a risk locus for a number of age-related complex disorders associated with frailty. Hence, we conducted an association study to examine whether variations in 9p21-23 locus plays a role in the pathogenesis of frailty in 637 community-dwelling Ashkenazi Jewish adults aged 65 and older enrolled in the LonGenity study. The strongest association with frailty (adjusted for age and gender) was found with the SNP rs518054 (odds ratio: 1.635, 95% CI = 1.241-2.154; p-value: 4.81 × 10-04) intergenic and located between LOC105375977 and C9orf146. The prevalence of four SNPs (rs1324192, rs7019262, rs518054, and rs571221) risk alleles haplotype in this region was significantly higher (compared with other haplotypes) in frail older adults compared with non-frail older adults (29.7 vs. 20.8%, p = 0.0005, respectively). Functional analyses using in silico approaches placed rs518054 in the CTCF binding site as well as DNase hypersensitive region. Furthermore, rs518054 was found to be in an enhancer site of NFIB gene located downstream. NFIB is a transcription factor that promotes cell differentiation during development, has antiapoptotic effect, maintains stem cell populations in adult tissues, and also acts as epigenetic regulators. Our study found novel association of SNPs in the regulatory region in the 9p21-23 region with the frailty phenotype; signifying the importance of this locus in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanish Sathyan
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Genetics, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Emmeline Ayers
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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47
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Hoffmann N, Weise SC, Marinaro F, Vogel T, De Pietri Tonelli D. DGCR8 Promotes Neural Progenitor Expansion and Represses Neurogenesis in the Mouse Embryonic Neocortex. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:281. [PMID: 29760646 PMCID: PMC5936999 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DGCR8 and DROSHA are the minimal functional core of the Microprocessor complex essential for biogenesis of canonical microRNAs and for the processing of other RNAs. Conditional deletion of Dgcr8 and Drosha in the murine telencephalon indicated that these proteins exert crucial functions in corticogenesis. The identification of mechanisms of DGCR8- or DROSHA-dependent regulation of gene expression in conditional knockout mice are often complicated by massive apoptosis. Here, to investigate DGCR8 functions on amplification/differentiation of neural progenitors cells (NPCs) in corticogenesis, we overexpress Dgcr8 in the mouse telencephalon, by in utero electroporation (IUEp). We find that DGCR8 promotes the expansion of NPC pools and represses neurogenesis, in absence of apoptosis, thus overcoming the usual limitations of Dgcr8 knockout-based approach. Interestingly, DGCR8 selectively promotes basal progenitor amplification at later developmental stages, entailing intriguing implications for neocortical expansion in evolution. Finally, despite a 3- to 5-fold increase of DGCR8 level in the mouse telencephalon, the composition, target preference and function of the DROSHA-dependent Microprocessor complex remain unaltered. Thus, we propose that DGCR8-dependent modulation of gene expression in corticogenesis is more complex than previously known, and possibly DROSHA-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Hoffmann
- Neurobiology of miRNA Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefan C Weise
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Federica Marinaro
- Neurobiology of miRNA Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Davide De Pietri Tonelli
- Neurobiology of miRNA Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
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48
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Yang B, Zhou ZH, Chen L, Cui X, Hou JY, Fan KJ, Han SH, Li P, Yi SQ, Liu Y. Prognostic significance of NFIA and NFIB in esophageal squamous carcinoma and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1756-1765. [PMID: 29577671 PMCID: PMC5943462 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor I (NFI) family members, especially NFIA and NFIB, play essential roles in cancers. The roles of NFIA and NFIB in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA) remain poorly known. This study aimed to determine the expression of NFIA and NFIB in ESCC and EJA and elucidate their prognostic significance. The expression of NFIA and NFIB was examined in 163 ESCC samples and 26 EJA samples by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that high NFIA expression correlated significantly with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage in patients with ESCC. High NFIB expression only correlated with poor differentiation in patients with ESCC. Survival analysis showed that NFIA but not NFIB associated with short overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) of patients with ESCC. On the other hand, high NFIB expression correlated with lymph node metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and short OS and DFS in patients with EJA. Finally, multivariate analysis demonstrated that high NFIA expression was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC. Taken together, these results demonstrated that NFIA and NFIB could serve as prognostic indicators for ESCC and EJA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Zhou
- Department of Digestive Disease, the Second affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Emergency, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Hou
- The Medico-technical Division, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Jie Fan
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Hao Han
- Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Qiong Yi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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49
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Harris L, Zalucki O, Clément O, Fraser J, Matuzelski E, Oishi S, Harvey TJ, Burne THJ, Heng JIT, Gronostajski RM, Piper M. Neurogenic differentiation by hippocampal neural stem and progenitor cells is biased by NFIX expression. Development 2018; 145:145/3/dev155689. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.155689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Our understanding of the transcriptional programme underpinning adult hippocampal neurogenesis is incomplete. In mice, under basal conditions, adult hippocampal neural stem cells (AH-NSCs) generate neurons and astrocytes, but not oligodendrocytes. The factors limiting oligodendrocyte production, however, remain unclear. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor NFIX plays a key role in this process. NFIX is expressed by AH-NSCs, and its expression is sharply upregulated in adult hippocampal neuroblasts. Conditional ablation of Nfix from AH-NSCs, coupled with lineage tracing, transcriptomic sequencing and behavioural studies collectively reveal that NFIX is cell-autonomously required for neuroblast maturation and survival. Moreover, a small number of AH-NSCs also develop into oligodendrocytes following Nfix deletion. Remarkably, when Nfix is deleted specifically from intermediate progenitor cells and neuroblasts using a Dcx-creERT2 driver, these cells also display elevated signatures of oligodendrocyte gene expression. Together, these results demonstrate the central role played by NFIX in neuroblasts within the adult hippocampal stem cell neurogenic niche in promoting the maturation and survival of these cells, while concomitantly repressing oligodendrocyte gene expression signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Oressia Zalucki
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Olivier Clément
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia 6102
| | - James Fraser
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Elise Matuzelski
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Sabrina Oishi
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Tracey J. Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
| | - Thomas H. J. Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia 4076
| | - Julian Ik-Tsen Heng
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia 6102
| | - Richard M. Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia 4072
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50
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Jiang X, Wooderchak-Donahue WL, McDonald J, Ghatpande P, Baalbaki M, Sandoval M, Hart D, Clay H, Coughlin S, Lagna G, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Hata A. Inactivating mutations in Drosha mediate vascular abnormalities similar to hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/513/eaan6831. [PMID: 29339534 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aan6831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of cytokines critically regulates vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis. Impairment of TGF-β or BMP signaling leads to heritable vascular disorders, including hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Drosha, a key enzyme for microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, also regulates the TGF-β and BMP pathway through interaction with Smads and their joint control of gene expression through miRNAs. We report that mice lacking Drosha in the vascular endothelium developed a vascular phenotype resembling HHT that included dilated and disorganized vasculature, arteriovenous fistulae, and hemorrhages. Exome sequencing of HHT patients who lacked known pathogenic mutations revealed an overrepresentation of rare nonsynonymous variants of DROSHA Two of these DROSHA variants (P100L and R279L) did not interact with Smads and were partially catalytically active. In zebrafish, expression of these mutants or morpholino-directed knockdown of Drosha resulted in angiogenesis defects and abnormal vascular permeability. Together, our studies point to an essential role of Drosha in vascular development and the maintenance of vascular integrity, and reveal a previously unappreciated link between Drosha dysfunction and HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Whitney L Wooderchak-Donahue
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Jamie McDonald
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Prajakta Ghatpande
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mai Baalbaki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melissa Sandoval
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Daniel Hart
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hilary Clay
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shaun Coughlin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giorgio Lagna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pinar Bayrak-Toydemir
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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