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Tayran H, Yilmaz E, Bhattarai P, Min Y, Wang X, Ma Y, Wang N, Jeong I, Nelson N, Kassara N, Cosacak MI, Dogru RM, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Stenersen JM, Reddy JS, Qiao M, Flaherty D, Gunasekaran TI, Yang Z, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Teich AF, Kanekiyo T, Tosto G, Vardarajan BN, İş Ö, Ertekin-Taner N, Mayeux R, Kizil C. ABCA7-dependent induction of neuropeptide Y is required for synaptic resilience in Alzheimer's disease through BDNF/NGFR signaling. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100642. [PMID: 39216475 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Genetic variants in ABCA7, an Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated gene, elevate AD risk, yet its functional relevance to the etiology is unclear. We generated a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated abca7 knockout zebrafish to explore ABCA7's role in AD. Single-cell transcriptomics in heterozygous abca7+/- knockout combined with Aβ42 toxicity revealed that ABCA7 is crucial for neuropeptide Y (NPY), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) expressions, which are crucial for synaptic integrity, astroglial proliferation, and microglial prevalence. Impaired NPY induction decreased BDNF and synaptic density, which are rescuable with ectopic NPY. In induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human neurons exposed to Aβ42, ABCA7-/- suppresses NPY. Clinical data showed reduced NPY in AD correlated with elevated Braak stages, genetic variants in NPY associated with AD, and epigenetic changes in NPY, NGFR, and BDNF promoters linked to ABCA7 variants. Therefore, ABCA7-dependent NPY signaling via BDNF-NGFR maintains synaptic integrity, implicating its impairment in increased AD risk through reduced brain resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Tayran
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elanur Yilmaz
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuhao Min
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yiyi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Inyoung Jeong
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nastasia Nelson
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nada Kassara
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruya Merve Dogru
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dolly Reyes-Dumeyer
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jakob Mørkved Stenersen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joseph S Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Min Qiao
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Delaney Flaherty
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tamil Iniyan Gunasekaran
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zikun Yang
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andrew F Teich
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Özkan İş
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 722 W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Caghan Kizil
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Jain S, LaFrancois JJ, Gerencer K, Botterill JJ, Kennedy M, Criscuolo C, Scharfman H. Increasing adult-born neurons protects mice from epilepsy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.08.548217. [PMID: 37502909 PMCID: PMC10369878 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.08.548217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, an area that contains neurons which are vulnerable to insults and injury, such as severe seizures. Previous studies showed that increasing adult neurogenesis reduced neuronal damage after these seizures. Because the damage typically is followed by chronic life-long seizures (epilepsy), we asked if increasing adult-born neurons would prevent epilepsy. Adult-born neurons were selectively increased by deleting the pro-apoptotic gene Bax from Nestin-expressing progenitors. Tamoxifen was administered at 6 weeks of age to conditionally delete Bax in Nestin-CreER T2 Bax fl/fl mice. Six weeks after tamoxifen administration, severe seizures (status epilepticus; SE) were induced by injection of the convulsant pilocarpine. After mice developed epilepsy, seizure frequency was quantified for 3 weeks. Mice with increased adult neurogenesis exhibited fewer chronic seizures. Postictal depression was reduced also. These results were primarily in female mice, possibly because they were the more affected by Bax deletion than males, consistent with sex differences in Bax. The female mice with enhanced adult neurogenesis also showed less neuronal loss of hilar mossy cells and hilar somatostatin-expressing neurons than wild type females or males, which is notable because these two hilar cell types are implicated in epileptogenesis. The results suggest that selective Bax deletion to increase adult-born neurons can reduce experimental epilepsy, and the effect shows a striking sex difference. The results are surprising in light of past studies showing that suppressing adult-born neurons can also reduce chronic seizures.
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Panwar A, Rentsendorj A, Jhun M, Cohen RM, Cordner R, Gull N, Pechnick RN, Duvall G, Mardiros A, Golchian D, Schubloom H, Jin LW, Van Dam D, Vermeiren Y, De Reu H, De Deyn PP, Raskatov JA, Black KL, Irvin DK, Williams BA, Wheeler CJ. Antigen-specific age-related memory CD8 T cells induce and track Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401420121. [PMID: 38995966 PMCID: PMC11260139 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401420121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral (Aβ) plaque and (pTau) tangle deposition are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet are insufficient to confer complete AD-like neurodegeneration experimentally. Factors acting upstream of Aβ/pTau in AD remain unknown, but their identification could enable earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments. T cell abnormalities are emerging AD hallmarks, and CD8 T cells were recently found to mediate neurodegeneration downstream of tangle deposition in hereditary neurodegeneration models. The precise impact of T cells downstream of Aβ/pTau, however, appears to vary depending on the animal model. Our prior work suggested that antigen-specific memory CD8 T ("hiT") cells act upstream of Aβ/pTau after brain injury. Here, we examine whether hiT cells influence sporadic AD-like pathophysiology upstream of Aβ/pTau. Examining neuropathology, gene expression, and behavior in our hiT mouse model we show that CD8 T cells induce plaque and tangle-like deposition, modulate AD-related genes, and ultimately result in progressive neurodegeneration with both gross and fine features of sporadic human AD. T cells required Perforin to initiate this pathophysiology, and IFNγ for most gene expression changes and progression to more widespread neurodegenerative disease. Analogous antigen-specific memory CD8 T cells were significantly elevated in the brains of human AD patients, and their loss from blood corresponded to sporadic AD and related cognitive decline better than plasma pTau-217, a promising AD biomarker candidate. We identify an age-related factor acting upstream of Aβ/pTau to initiate AD-like pathophysiology, the mechanisms promoting its pathogenicity, and its relevance to human sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Panwar
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Michelle Jhun
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Robert M. Cohen
- Department Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Neuroscience Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (GDBBS), Emory University, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Ryan Cordner
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
- Department Biomedical & Translational Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Nicole Gull
- Department Biomedical & Translational Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Robert N. Pechnick
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA91766
| | - Gretchen Duvall
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Armen Mardiros
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - David Golchian
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Hannah Schubloom
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department Medical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (M.I.N.D.) Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA95817
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen AB9700, Netherlands
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Department of Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen AA6700, The Netherlands
| | - Hans De Reu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp2610, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen AB9700, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic of Hospital Network Antwerp, Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp BE-2660, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
| | - Jevgenij A. Raskatov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
| | - Dwain K. Irvin
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
- NovAccess Global and StemVax LLC, Cleveland, OH44023
| | - Brian A. Williams
- Transcriptome Function and Technology Program, Department of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Christopher J. Wheeler
- Department Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA90048
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
- NovAccess Global and StemVax LLC, Cleveland, OH44023
- Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, World Brain Mapping Foundation, Pacific Palisades, CA90272
- T-Neuro Pharma, Inc., Albuquerque, NM87123
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Arellano JI, Rakic P. Modelling adult neurogenesis in the aging rodent hippocampus: a midlife crisis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1416460. [PMID: 38887368 PMCID: PMC11181911 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1416460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrary to humans, adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents is not controversial. And in the last three decades, multiple studies in rodents have deemed adult neurogenesis essential for most hippocampal functions. The functional relevance of new neurons relies on their distinct physiological properties during their maturation before they become indistinguishable from mature granule cells. Most functional studies have used very young animals with robust neurogenesis. However, this trait declines dramatically with age, questioning its functional relevance in aging animals, a caveat that has been mentioned repeatedly, but rarely analyzed quantitatively. In this meta-analysis, we use data from published studies to determine the critical functional window of new neurons and to model their numbers across age in both mice and rats. Our model shows that new neurons with distinct functional profile represent about 3% of the total granule cells in young adult 3-month-old rodents, and their number decline following a power function to reach less than 1% in middle aged animals and less than 0.5% in old mice and rats. These low ratios pose an important logical and computational caveat to the proposed essential role of new neurons in the dentate gyrus, particularly in middle aged and old animals, a factor that needs to be adequately addressed when defining the relevance of adult neurogenesis in hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Arellano
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience at Yale, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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Pushchina EV, Kapustyanov IA, Kluka GG. Adult Neurogenesis of Teleost Fish Determines High Neuronal Plasticity and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3658. [PMID: 38612470 PMCID: PMC11012045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying the properties of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs) in a fish model will provide new information about the organization of neurogenic niches containing embryonic and adult neural stem cells, reflecting their development, origin cell lines and proliferative dynamics. Currently, the molecular signatures of these populations in homeostasis and repair in the vertebrate forebrain are being intensively studied. Outside the telencephalon, the regenerative plasticity of NSPCs and their biological significance have not yet been practically studied. The impressive capacity of juvenile salmon to regenerate brain suggests that most NSPCs are likely multipotent, as they are capable of replacing virtually all cell lineages lost during injury, including neuroepithelial cells, radial glia, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. However, the unique regenerative profile of individual cell phenotypes in the diverse niches of brain stem cells remains unclear. Various types of neuronal precursors, as previously shown, are contained in sufficient numbers in different parts of the brain in juvenile Pacific salmon. This review article aims to provide an update on NSPCs in the brain of common models of zebrafish and other fish species, including Pacific salmon, and the involvement of these cells in homeostatic brain growth as well as reparative processes during the postraumatic period. Additionally, new data are presented on the participation of astrocytic glia in the functioning of neural circuits and animal behavior. Thus, from a molecular aspect, zebrafish radial glia cells are seen to be similar to mammalian astrocytes, and can therefore also be referred to as astroglia. However, a question exists as to if zebrafish astroglia cells interact functionally with neurons, in a similar way to their mammalian counterparts. Future studies of this fish will complement those on rodents and provide important information about the cellular and physiological processes underlying astroglial function that modulate neural activity and behavior in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Vladislavovna Pushchina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia; (I.A.K.); (G.G.K.)
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Chang J, Li Y, Shan X, Chen X, Yan X, Liu J, Zhao L. Neural stem cells promote neuroplasticity: a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:619-628. [PMID: 37721293 PMCID: PMC10581561 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that neuroplasticity, such as synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, exists throughout the normal lifespan but declines with age and is significantly impaired in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Hence, promoting neuroplasticity may represent an effective strategy with which Alzheimer's disease can be alleviated. Due to their significant ability to self-renew, differentiate, and migrate, neural stem cells play an essential role in reversing synaptic and neuronal damage, reducing the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, including amyloid-β, tau protein, and neuroinflammation, and secreting neurotrophic factors and growth factors that are related to plasticity. These events can promote synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis to repair the microenvironment of the mammalian brain. Consequently, neural stem cells are considered to represent a potential regenerative therapy with which to improve Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss how neural stem cells regulate neuroplasticity and optimize their effects to enhance their potential for treating Alzheimer's disease in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujiao Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuhe Yan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Panwar A, Rentsendorj A, Jhun M, Cohen RM, Cordner R, Gull N, Pechnick RN, Duvall G, Mardiros A, Golchian D, Schubloom H, Jin LW, Van Dam D, Vermeiren Y, De Reu H, De Deyn PP, Raskatov JA, Black KL, Irvin DK, Williams BA, Wheeler CJ. Antigen-specific age-related memory CD8 T cells induce and track Alzheimer's-like neurodegeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576704. [PMID: 38328072 PMCID: PMC10849535 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral (Aβ) plaque and (pTau) tangle deposition are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet are insufficient to confer complete AD-like neurodegeneration experimentally. Factors acting upstream of Aβ/pTau in AD remain unknown, but their identification could enable earlier diagnosis and more effective treatments. T cell abnormalities are emerging AD hallmarks, and CD8 T cells were recently found to mediate neurodegeneration downstream of tangle deposition in hereditary neurodegeneration models. The precise impact of T cells downstream of Aβ/fibrillar pTau, however, appears to vary depending on the animal model used. Our prior work suggested that antigen-specific memory CD8 T (" hi T") cells act upstream of Aβ/pTau after brain injury. Here we examine whether hi T cells influence sporadic AD-like pathophysiology upstream of Aβ/pTau. Examining neuropathology, gene expression, and behavior in our hi T mouse model we show that CD8 T cells induce plaque and tangle-like deposition, modulate AD-related genes, and ultimately result in progressive neurodegeneration with both gross and fine features of sporadic human AD. T cells required Perforin to initiate this pathophysiology, and IFNγ for most gene expression changes and progression to more widespread neurodegenerative disease. Analogous antigen-specific memory CD8 T cells were significantly elevated in the brains of human AD patients, and their loss from blood corresponded to sporadic AD and related cognitive decline better than plasma pTau-217, a promising AD biomarker candidate. Our work is the first to identify an age-related factor acting upstream of Aβ/pTau to initiate AD-like pathophysiology, the mechanisms promoting its pathogenicity, and its relevance to human sporadic AD. Significance Statement This study changes our view of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) initiation and progression. Mutations promoting cerebral beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition guarantee rare genetic forms of AD. Thus, the prevailing hypothesis has been that Aβ is central to initiation and progression of all AD, despite contrary animal and patient evidence. We show that age-related T cells generate neurodegeneration with compelling features of AD in mice, with distinct T cell functions required for pathological initiation and neurodegenerative progression. Knowledge from these mice was applied to successfully predict previously unknown features of human AD and generate novel tools for its clinical management.
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Tayran H, Yilmaz E, Bhattarai P, Min Y, Wang X, Ma Y, Nelson N, Kassara N, Cosacak MI, Dogru RM, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Reddy JS, Qiao M, Flaherty D, Teich AF, Gunasekaran TI, Yang Z, Tosto G, Vardarajan BN, İş Ö, Ertekin-Taner N, Mayeux R, Kizil C. ABCA7-dependent Neuropeptide-Y signalling is a resilience mechanism required for synaptic integrity in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573893. [PMID: 38260408 PMCID: PMC10802315 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a complex challenge characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Genetic variations have emerged as crucial players in the etiology of AD, enabling hope for a better understanding of the disease mechanisms; yet the specific mechanism of action for those genetic variants remain uncertain. Animal models with reminiscent disease pathology could uncover previously uncharacterized roles of these genes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we generated a knockout model for abca7, orthologous to human ABCA7 - an established AD-risk gene. The abca7 +/- zebrafish showed reduced astroglial proliferation, synaptic density, and microglial abundance in response to amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42). Single-cell transcriptomics revealed abca7 -dependent neuronal and glial cellular crosstalk through neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling. The abca7 knockout reduced the expression of npy, bdnf and ngfra , which are required for synaptic integrity and astroglial proliferation. With clinical data in humans, we showed reduced NPY in AD correlates with elevated Braak stage, predicted regulatory interaction between NPY and BDNF , identified genetic variants in NPY associated with AD, found segregation of variants in ABCA7, BDNF and NGFR in AD families, and discovered epigenetic changes in the promoter regions of NPY, NGFR and BDNF in humans with specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCA7 . These results suggest that ABCA7-dependent NPY signaling is required for synaptic integrity, the impairment of which generates a risk factor for AD through compromised brain resilience. Abstract Figure
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Chang WL, Hen R. Adult Neurogenesis, Context Encoding, and Pattern Separation: A Pathway for Treating Overgeneralization. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:163-193. [PMID: 39008016 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of two brain regions (with the subventricular zone of the olfactory bulb) that continues to generate new neurons throughout adulthood, a phenomenon known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) (Eriksson et al., Nat Med 4:1313-1317, 1998; García-Verdugo et al., J Neurobiol 36:234-248, 1998). The integration of these new neurons into the dentate gyrus (DG) has implications for memory encoding, with unique firing and wiring properties of immature neurons that affect how the hippocampal network encodes and stores attributes of memory. In this chapter, we will describe the process of AHN and properties of adult-born cells as they integrate into the hippocampal circuit and mature. Then, we will discuss some methodological considerations before we review evidence for the role of AHN in two major processes supporting memory that are performed by the DG. First, we will discuss encoding of contextual information for episodic memories and how this is facilitated by AHN. Second, will discuss pattern separation, a major role of the DG that reduces interference for the formation of new memories. Finally, we will review clinical and translational considerations, suggesting that stimulation of AHN may help decrease overgeneralization-a common endophenotype of mood, anxiety, trauma-related, and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Chang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rene Hen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Vogt M, Unnikrishnan MK, Heinig N, Schumann U, Schmidt MHH, Barth K. c-Cbl Regulates Murine Subventricular Zone-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells in Dependence of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor. Cells 2023; 12:2400. [PMID: 37830613 PMCID: PMC10572332 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The localization, expression, and physiological role of regulatory proteins in the neurogenic niches of the brain is fundamental to our understanding of adult neurogenesis. This study explores the expression and role of the E3-ubiquitin ligase, c-Cbl, in neurogenesis within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mice. In vitro neurosphere assays and in vivo analyses were performed in specific c-Cbl knock-out lines to unravel c-Cbl's role in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Our findings suggest that c-Cbl is significantly expressed within EGFR-expressing cells, playing a pivotal role in neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, c-Cbl's function extends beyond EGFR signaling, as its loss upon knock-out stimulated progenitor cell proliferation in neurosphere cultures. Yet, this effect was not detected in hippocampal progenitor cells, reflecting the lack of the EGFR in the hippocampus. In vivo, c-Cbl exerted only a minor proneurogenic influence with no measurable impact on the formation of adult-born neurons. In conclusion, c-Cbl regulates neural stem cells in the subventricular zone via the EGFR pathway but, likely, its loss is compensated by other signaling modules in vivo.
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11
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Jiang W, Zhu F, Xu H, Xu L, Li H, Yang X, Khan Afridi S, Lai S, Qiu X, Liu C, Li H, Long Y, Wang Y, Connolly K, Elias JA, Lee CG, Cui Y, Huang YWA, Qiu W, Tang C. CHI3L1 signaling impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8148. [PMID: 37756391 PMCID: PMC10530095 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is primarily secreted by activated astrocytes in the brain and is known as a reliable biomarker for inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) conditions such as neurodegeneration and autoimmune disorders like neuromyelitis optica (NMO). NMO is an astrocyte disease caused by autoantibodies targeting the astroglial protein aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and leads to vision loss, motor deficits, and cognitive decline. In this study examining CHI3L1's biological function in neuroinflammation, we found that CHI3L1 expression correlates with cognitive impairment in our NMO patient cohort. Activated astrocytes secrete CHI3L1 in response to AQP4 autoantibodies, and this inhibits the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. Mouse models showed decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired learning behaviors, which could be rescued by depleting CHI3L1 in astrocytes. The molecular mechanism involves CHI3L1 engaging the CRTH2 receptor and dampening β-catenin signaling for neurogenesis. Blocking this CHI3L1/CRTH2/β-catenin cascade restores neurogenesis and improves cognitive deficits, suggesting the potential for therapeutic development in neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shuiqing Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China
| | - Xiusheng Qiu
- Vaccine Research Institute, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Chunxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Huilu Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510260, China
| | - Youming Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510260, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Kevin Connolly
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jack A. Elias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Yaxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
| | - Changyong Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510630, China
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12
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Siddiqui T, Cosacak MI, Popova S, Bhattarai P, Yilmaz E, Lee AJ, Min Y, Wang X, Allen M, İş Ö, Atasavum ZT, Rodriguez-Muela N, Vardarajan BN, Flaherty D, Teich AF, Santa-Maria I, Freudenberg U, Werner C, Tosto G, Mayeux R, Ertekin-Taner N, Kizil C. Nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr) induces neurogenic plasticity by suppressing reactive astroglial Lcn2/Slc22a17 signaling in Alzheimer's disease. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:33. [PMID: 37429840 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis, crucial for brain resilience, is reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that induces astroglial reactivity at the expense of the pro-neurogenic potential, and restoring neurogenesis could counteract neurodegenerative pathology. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting pro-neurogenic astroglial fate despite AD pathology are unknown. In this study, we used APP/PS1dE9 mouse model and induced Nerve growth factor receptor (Ngfr) expression in the hippocampus. Ngfr, which promotes neurogenic fate of astroglia during the amyloid pathology-induced neuroregeneration in zebrafish brain, stimulated proliferative and neurogenic outcomes. Histological analyses of the changes in proliferation and neurogenesis, single-cell transcriptomics, spatial proteomics, and functional knockdown studies showed that the induced expression of Ngfr reduced the reactive astrocyte marker Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), which we found was sufficient to reduce neurogenesis in astroglia. Anti-neurogenic effects of Lcn2 was mediated by Slc22a17, blockage of which recapitulated the pro-neurogenicity by Ngfr. Long-term Ngfr expression reduced amyloid plaques and Tau phosphorylation. Postmortem human AD hippocampi and 3D human astroglial cultures showed elevated LCN2 levels correlate with reactive gliosis and reduced neurogenesis. Comparing transcriptional changes in mouse, zebrafish, and human AD brains for cell intrinsic differential gene expression and weighted gene co-expression networks revealed common altered downstream effectors of NGFR signaling, such as PFKP, which can enhance proliferation and neurogenesis in vitro when blocked. Our study suggests that the reactive non-neurogenic astroglia in AD can be coaxed to a pro-neurogenic fate and AD pathology can be alleviated with Ngfr. We suggest that enhancing pro-neurogenic astroglial fate may have therapeutic ramifications in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Siddiqui
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislava Popova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Neuron D GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elanur Yilmaz
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Annie J Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yuhao Min
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Özkan İş
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Zeynep Tansu Atasavum
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Delaney Flaherty
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrew F Teich
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Edificio E, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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13
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Abbate C. The Adult Neurogenesis Theory of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221279. [PMID: 37182879 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease starts in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the niches of adult neurogenesis. All primary factors responsible for pathological tau hyperphosphorylation are inherent to adult neurogenesis and migration. However, when amyloid pathology is present, it strongly amplifies tau pathogenesis. Indeed, the progressive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β deposits in the brain triggers a state of chronic inflammation by microglia. Microglial activation has a significant pro-neurogenic effect that fosters the process of adult neurogenesis and supports neuronal migration. Unfortunately, this "reactive" pro-neurogenic activity ultimately perturbs homeostatic equilibrium in the niches of adult neurogenesis by amplifying tau pathogenesis in AD. This scenario involves NSCs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in late-onset AD (LOAD) and NSCs in the ventricular-subventricular zone along the lateral ventricles in early-onset AD (EOAD), including familial AD (FAD). Neuroblasts carrying the initial seed of tau pathology travel throughout the brain via neuronal migration driven by complex signals and convey the disease from the niches of adult neurogenesis to near (LOAD) or distant (EOAD) brain regions. In these locations, or in close proximity, a focus of degeneration begins to develop. Then, tau pathology spreads from the initial foci to large neuronal networks along neural connections through neuron-to-neuron transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Abbate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
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14
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Hippocampal Noradrenaline Is a Positive Regulator of Spatial Working Memory and Neurogenesis in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065613. [PMID: 36982688 PMCID: PMC10052298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of noradrenaline (NA)-rich afferents from the Locus Coeruleus (LC) ascending to the hippocampal formation has been reported to dramatically affect distinct aspects of cognitive function, in addition to reducing the proliferation of neural progenitors in the dentate gyrus. Here, the hypothesis that reinstating hippocampal noradrenergic neurotransmission with transplanted LC-derived neuroblasts would concurrently normalize both cognitive performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis was investigated. Post-natal day (PD) 4 rats underwent selective immunolesioning of hippocampal noradrenergic afferents followed, 4 days later, by the bilateral intrahippocampal implantation of LC noradrenergic-rich or control cerebellar (CBL) neuroblasts. Starting from 4 weeks and up to about 9 months post-surgery, sensory-motor and spatial navigation abilities were evaluated, followed by post-mortem semiquantitative tissue analyses. All animals in the Control, Lesion, Noradrenergic Transplant and Control CBL Transplant groups exhibited normal sensory-motor function and were equally efficient in the reference memory version of the water maze task. By contrast, working memory abilities were seen to be consistently impaired in the Lesion-only and Control CBL-Transplanted rats, which also exhibited a virtually complete noradrenergic fiber depletion and a significant 62–65% reduction in proliferating 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive progenitors in the dentate gyrus. Notably, the noradrenergic reinnervation promoted by the grafted LC, but not cerebellar neuroblasts, significantly ameliorated working memory performance and reinstated a fairly normal density of proliferating progenitors. Thus, LC-derived noradrenergic inputs may act as positive regulators of hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory possibly via the concurrent maintenance of normal progenitor proliferation in the dentate gyrus.
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Stępień T, Tarka S, Chmura N, Grzegorczyk M, Acewicz A, Felczak P, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T. Influence of SARS-CoV-2 on Adult Human Neurogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:244. [PMID: 36672177 PMCID: PMC9856847 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with the onset of neurological and psychiatric symptoms during and after the acute phase of illness. Inflammation and hypoxia induced by SARS-CoV-2 affect brain regions essential for fine motor function, learning, memory, and emotional responses. The mechanisms of these central nervous system symptoms remain largely unknown. While looking for the causes of neurological deficits, we conducted a study on how SARS-CoV-2 affects neurogenesis. In this study, we compared a control group with a group of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Analysis of the expression of neurogenesis markers showed a decrease in the density of neuronal progenitor cells and newborn neurons in the SARS-CoV-2 group. Analysis of COVID-19 patients revealed increased microglial activation compared with the control group. The unfavorable effect of the inflammatory process in the brain associated with COVID-19 disease increases the concentration of cytokines that negatively affect adult human neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Stępień
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Tarka
- Chair and Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Chmura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Grzegorczyk
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-001 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Albert Acewicz
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Felczak
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 02-957 Warsaw, Poland
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Effects of β-amyloid (1-42) Administration on the Main Neurogenic Niches of the Adult Brain: Amyloid-Induced Neurodegeneration Influences Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315444. [PMID: 36499771 PMCID: PMC9738210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and warrants further study as well as timely treatment. Additionally, the mechanisms of the brain's intrinsic defense against chronic injury are not yet fully understood. Herein, we examined the response of the main neurogenic niches to amyloid exposure and the associated changes in structure and synaptic activity. Flow cytometry of Nestin-, Vimentin-, Nestin/Vimentin-, NeuN-, GFAP-, NeuN/GFAP-, NSE-, BrdU-, Wnt-, BrdU/Wnt-, VEGF-, Sox14-, VEGF/Sox14-, Sox10-, Sox2-, Sox10/Sox2-, Bax-, and Bcl-xL-positive cells was performed in the subventricular zone (SVZ), hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of rat brains on 90th day after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) single injection of a fraction of β-amyloid (Aβ) (1-42). The relative structural changes in these areas and disruptions to synaptic activity in the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus circuit were also evaluated. Our flow analyses revealed a reduction in the numbers of Nestin-, Vimentin-, and Nestin/Vimentin-positive cells in neurogenic niches and the olfactory bulb. These changes were accompanied by an increased number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampus and SVZ. The latter changes were strongly correlated with changes in the numbers of VEGF- and VEGF/Sox14-positive cells. The morphological changes were characterized by significant neural loss, a characteristic shift in entorhinal cortex-hippocampus circuit activity, and decreased spontaneous alternation in a behavioral test. We conclude that although an injection of Aβ (1-42) induced stem cell proliferation and triggered neurogenesis at a certain stage, this process was incomplete and led to neural stem cell immaturity. We propose the idea of enhancing adult neurogenesis as a promising strategy for preventing dementia at healthy elderly people andpeople at high risk for developing AD, or treating patients diagnosed with AD.
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Murley A, Dillin A. Macroautophagy in quiescent and senescent cells: a pathway to longevity? Trends Cell Biol 2022; 33:495-504. [PMID: 36414491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular quiescence - reversible exit from the cell cycle - is an important feature of many cell types important for organismal health. Aging and cellular dysfunction compromise the survival and reactivation of quiescent cells over time. Studies suggest that autophagic processes and lysosomal function are critical to maintaining the function of quiescent cells, especially adult stem cells, throughout life. Findings also point to both pro-senescence and anti-senescence functions for macroautophagy depending on context. In this review, we will discuss these findings, unanswered questions on the role of macroautophagy and lysosomal function in quiescent and senescent cells, and the possibility for interventions that stimulate macroautophagy and lysosomes to promote quiescent cell function and tissue regeneration.
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Pathological Nuclear Hallmarks in Dentate Granule Cells of Alzheimer’s Patients: A Biphasic Regulation of Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112873. [PMID: 36361662 PMCID: PMC9654738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) of the human hippocampus is a complex and dynamic structure harboring mature and immature granular neurons in diverse proliferative states. While most mammals show persistent neurogenesis through adulthood, human neurogenesis is still under debate. We found nuclear alterations in granular cells in autopsied human brains, detected by immunohistochemistry. These alterations differ from those reported in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal circuit. Aging and early AD chromatin were clearly differentiated by the increased epigenetic markers H3K9me3 (heterochromatin suppressive mark) and H3K4me3 (transcriptional euchromatin mark). At early AD stages, lamin B2 was redistributed to the nucleoplasm, indicating cell-cycle reactivation, probably induced by hippocampal nuclear pathology. At intermediate and late AD stages, higher lamin B2 immunopositivity in the perinucleus suggests fewer immature neurons, less neurogenesis, and fewer adaptation resources to environmental factors. In addition, senile samples showed increased nuclear Tau interacting with aged chromatin, likely favoring DNA repair and maintaining genomic stability. However, at late AD stages, the progressive disappearance of phosphorylated Tau forms in the nucleus, increased chromatin disorganization, and increased nuclear autophagy support a model of biphasic neurogenesis in AD. Therefore, designing therapies to alleviate the neuronal nuclear pathology might be the only pathway to a true rejuvenation of brain circuits.
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Promoted CD4 + T cell-derived IFN-γ/IL-10 by photobiomodulation therapy modulates neurogenesis to ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:253. [PMID: 36217178 PMCID: PMC9549637 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune system has been implicated in synaptic plasticity, inflammation, and the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there were few studies on improving the niche microenvironment of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the brain of AD to promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) by regulating the function of non-parenchymal immune cells. Methods The lymph nodes of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) and 3xTg (APP/PS1/tau) mouse models of AD were treated with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for 10 J/cm2 per day for 1 month (10 min for each day), T lymphocytes isolated from these two AD models were treated with PBMT for 2 J/cm2 (5 min for each time). The NSCs isolated from hippocampus of these two AD models at E14, and the cells were co-cultivated with PBMT-treated T lymphocyte conditioned medium for NSCs differentiation. Results Our results showed that PBMT treatment could promote AHN and reverse cognitive deficits in AD mouse model. The expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) was upregulated in the brain of these two AD models after PBMT treated, which was induced by the activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4)/STAT5 signaling pathway in CD4+ T cells. In addition, elevated CD4+ T cell levels and upregulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)/insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression levels were also detected in the brain. More importantly, co-cultivated the PBMT-treated T lymphocyte conditioned medium with NSCs derived from these two AD models was shown to promote NSCs differentiation, which was reflected in the upregulation of both neuronal class-III β-tubulin (Tuj1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), but the effects of PBMT was blocked by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger or JAK2 inhibitor. Conclusion Our research suggests that PBMT exerts a beneficial neurogenesis modulatory effect through activating the JAK2/STAT4/STAT5 signaling pathway to promote the expression of IFN-γ/IL-10 in non-parenchymal CD4+ T cells, induction of improvement of brain microenvironmental conditions and alleviation of cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD mouse models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02617-5.
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20
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Murley A, Wickham K, Dillin A. Life in lockdown: Orchestrating endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome homeostasis for quiescent cells. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3526-3537. [PMID: 36044901 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular quiescence-reversible exit from the cell cycle-is an important feature of many cell types important for organismal health. Quiescent cells activate protective mechanisms that allow their persistence in the absence of growth and division for long periods of time. Aging and cellular dysfunction compromise the survival and re-activation of quiescent cells over time. Counteracting this decline are two interconnected organelles that lie at opposite ends of the secretory pathway: the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. In this review, we highlight recent studies exploring the roles of these two organelles in quiescent cells from diverse contexts and speculate on potential other roles they may play, such as through organelle contact sites. Finally, we discuss emerging models of cellular quiescence, utilizing new cell culture systems and model organisms, that are suited to the mechanistic investigation of the functions of these organelles in quiescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Murley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Wickham
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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21
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Tyler SEB, Tyler LDK. Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer's disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:34. [PMID: 35996065 PMCID: PMC9395556 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive and ultimately fatal, with current drugs failing to reverse and cure it. This study aimed to find plant species which may provide therapeutic bioactivities targeted to causal agents proposed to be driving AD. A novel toolkit methodology was employed, whereby clinical symptoms were translated into categories recognized in ethnomedicine. These categories were applied to find plant species with therapeutic effects, mined from ethnomedical surveys. Survey locations were mapped to assess how this data is at risk. Bioactivities were found of therapeutic relevance to 15 hypothesised causal bases for AD. 107 species with an ethnological report of memory improvement demonstrated therapeutic activity for all these 15 causal bases. The majority of the surveys were found to reside within biodiversity hotspots (centres of high biodiversity under threat), with loss of traditional knowledge the most common threat. Our findings suggest that the documented plants provide a large resource of AD therapeutic potential. In demonstrating bioactivities targeted to these causal bases, such plants may have the capacity to reduce or reverse AD, with promise as drug leads to target multiple AD hallmarks. However, there is a need to preserve ethnomedical knowledge, and the habitats on which this knowledge depends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke D K Tyler
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwynedd, UK
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22
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Single Cell/Nucleus Transcriptomics Comparison in Zebrafish and Humans Reveals Common and Distinct Molecular Responses to Alzheimer’s Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111807. [PMID: 35681503 PMCID: PMC9180693 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is significantly reduced in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is a potential therapeutic target. Contrary to humans, a zebrafish can regenerate its diseased brain, and thus is ideal for studying neurogenesis. To compare the AD-related molecular pathways between humans and zebrafish, we compared single cell or nuclear transcriptomic data from a zebrafish amyloid toxicity model and its controls (N = 12) with the datasets of two human adult brains (N = 10 and N = 48 (Microglia)), and one fetal brain (N = 10). Approximately 95.4% of the human and zebrafish cells co-clustered. Within each cell type, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched KEGG pathways, and gene ontology terms. We studied synergistic and non-synergistic DEGs to point at either common or uniquely altered mechanisms across species. Using the top DEGs, a high concordance in gene expression changes between species was observed in neuronal clusters. On the other hand, the molecular pathways affected by AD in zebrafish astroglia differed from humans in favor of the neurogenic pathways. The integration of zebrafish and human transcriptomes shows that the zebrafish can be used as a tool to study the cellular response to amyloid proteinopathies. Uniquely altered pathways in zebrafish could highlight the specific mechanisms underlying neurogenesis, which are absent in humans, and could serve as potential candidates for therapeutic developments.
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23
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Functional Deficits of 5×FAD Neural Stem Cells Are Ameliorated by Glutathione Peroxidase 4. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111770. [PMID: 35681465 PMCID: PMC9179411 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia affecting millions of people around the globe. Impaired neurogenesis is reported in AD as well as in AD animal models, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Elevated lipid peroxidation products are well-documented in AD. In current study, the role of lipid peroxidation on neural stem cell (NSCs) function is tested. Neural stem cells (NSCs) from 5×FAD mice, a widely used AD model with impaired neurogenesis, were observed to have increased levels of lipid reactive oxygen species compared to NSCs from control WT mice. 5×FAD NSCs exhibited altered differentiation potential as revealed by their propensity to differentiate into astrocytic lineage instead of neuronal lineage compared to WT NSCs. In addition, 5×FAD NSCs showed a reduced level of Gpx4, a key enzyme in reducing hydroperoxides in membrane lipids, and this reduction appeared to be caused by enhanced autophagy-lysosomal degradation of Gpx4 protein. To test if increasing Gpx4 could restore differentiation potential, NSCs from 5×FAD and Gpx4 double transgenic mice, i.e., 5×FAD/GPX4 mice were studied. Remarkably, upon differentiation, neuronal linage cells increased significantly in 5×FAD/GPX4 cultures compared to 5×FAD cultures. Taken together, the findings suggest that deficiency of lipid peroxidation defense contributes to functional decline of NSCs in AD.
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Ma W, Xu D, Zhao L, Yuan M, Cui YL, Li Y. Therapeutic role of curcumin in adult neurogenesis for management of psychiatric and neurological disorders: a scientometric study to an in-depth review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9379-9391. [PMID: 35482938 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant neurogenesis is a major factor in psychiatric and neurological disorders that have significantly attracted the attention of neuroscientists. Curcumin is a primary constituent of curcuminoid that exerts several positive pharmacological effects on aberrant neurogenesis. First, it is important to understand the different processes of neurogenesis, and whether their dysfunction promotes etiology as well as the development of many psychiatric and neurological disorders; then investigate mechanisms by which curcumin affects neurogenesis as an active participant in pathophysiological events. Based on scientometric studies and additional extensive research, we explore the mechanisms by which curcumin regulates adult neurogenesis and in turn affects psychiatric diseases, i.e., depression and neurological disorders among them traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Gulf War Illness (GWI) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS). This review aims to elucidate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of curcumin on adult neurogenesis in various psychiatric and neurological disorders. Specifically, we discuss the regulatory role of curcumin in different activities of neural stem cells (NSCs), including proliferation, differentiation, and migration of NSCs. This is geared toward providing novel application prospects of curcumin in treating psychiatric and neurological disorders by regulating adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lucy Zhao
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mengmeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Kim CK, Lee YR, Ong L, Gold M, Kalali A, Sarkar J. Alzheimer's Disease: Key Insights from Two Decades of Clinical Trial Failures. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:83-100. [PMID: 35342092 PMCID: PMC9198803 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the acknowledged lack of success in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug development over the past two decades, the objective of this review was to derive key insights from the myriad failures to inform future drug development. A systematic and exhaustive review was performed on all failed AD compounds for dementia (interventional phase II and III clinical trials from ClinicalTrials.gov) from 2004 to the present. Starting with the initial ∼2,700 AD clinical trials, ∼550 trials met our initial criteria, from which 98 unique phase II and III compounds with various mechanisms of action met our criteria of a failed compound. The two recent reported phase III successes of aducanumab and oligomannate are very encouraging; however, we are awaiting real-world validation of their effectiveness. These two successes against the 98 failures gives a 2.0% phase II and III success rate since 2003, when the previous novel compound was approved. Potential contributing methodological factors for the clinical trial failures were categorized into 1) insufficient evidence to initiate the pivotal trials, and 2) pivotal trial design shortcomings. Our evaluation found that rational drug development principles were not always followed for AD therapeutics development, and the question remains whether some of the failed compounds may have shown efficacy if the principles were better adhered to. Several recommendations are made for future AD therapeutic development. The whole database of the 98 failed compounds is presented in the Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Gold
- Neuroscience Development, AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Liu ZT, Ma YT, Pan ST, Xie K, Shen W, Lin SY, Gao JY, Li WY, Li GY, Wang QW, Li LP. Effects of involuntary treadmill running in combination with swimming on adult neurogenesis in an Alzheimer's mouse model. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105309. [PMID: 35276288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise plays a role on the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the exercise mode and the mechanism for these positive effects is still ambiguous. Here, we investigated the effect of an aerobic interval exercise, running in combination with swimming, on behavioral dysfunction and associated adult neurogenesis in a mouse model of AD. We demonstrate that 4 weeks of the exercise could ameliorate Aβ42 oligomer-induced cognitive impairment in mice utilizing Morris water maze tests. Additionally, the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice exhibited a significant reduction of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors compared to the sedentary Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice utilizing an Elevated zero maze and a Tail suspension test. Moreover, by utilizing 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as an exogenous cell tracer, we found that the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice displayed a significant increase in newborn cells (BrdU+ cells), which differentiated into a majority of neurons (BrdU+ DCX+ cells or BrdU+NeuN+ cells) and a few of astrocytes (BrdU+GFAP+ cells). Likewise, the exercised Aβ42 oligomer-induced mice also displayed the higher levels of NeuN, PSD95, synaptophysin, Bcl-2 and lower level of GFAP protein. Furthermore, alteration of serum metabolites in transgenic AD mice between the exercised and sedentary group were significantly associated with lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and neurotransmitters. These findings suggest that combined aerobic interval exercise-mediated metabolites and proteins contributed to improving adult neurogenesis and behavioral performance after AD pathology, which might provide a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Tao Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yu-Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Shao-Tao Pan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Kai Xie
- Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Wei Shen
- Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Su-Yang Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Jun-Yan Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China
| | - Wan-Yi Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qin-Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China.
| | - Li-Ping Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Rehabilitative Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, PR China; Key Laboratory of Addiction Research of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315010, PR China.
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Kok FK, van Leerdam SL, de Lange ECM. Potential Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to Dementia in Non-Demented Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 87:51-81. [PMID: 35275527 PMCID: PMC9198800 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and typically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles. Intriguingly, there also exists a group of elderly which do not develop dementia during their life, despite the AD neuropathology, the so-called non-demented individuals with AD neuropathology (NDAN). In this review, we provide extensive background on AD pathology and normal aging and discuss potential mechanisms that enable these NDAN individuals to remain cognitively intact. Studies presented in this review show that NDAN subjects are generally higher educated and have a larger cognitive reserve. Furthermore, enhanced neural hypertrophy could compensate for hippocampal and cingulate neural atrophy in NDAN individuals. On a cellular level, these individuals show increased levels of neural stem cells and ‘von Economo neurons’. Furthermore, in NDAN brains, binding of Aβ oligomers to synapses is prevented, resulting in decreased glial activation and reduced neuroinflammation. Overall, the evidence stated here strengthens the idea that some individuals are more resistant to AD pathology, or at least show an elongation of the asymptomatic state of the disease compared to others. Insights into the mechanisms underlying this resistance could provide new insight in understanding normal aging and AD itself. Further research should focus on factors and mechanisms that govern the NDAN cognitive resilience in order to find clues on novel biomarkers, targets, and better treatments of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique K Kok
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne L van Leerdam
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Predictive Pharmacology, Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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28
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Icarisid
II
rescues cognitive dysfunction via activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway promoting hippocampal neurogenesis in
APP
/
PS1
transgenic mice. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2095-2108. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Borbély E, Varga V, Szögi T, Schuster I, Bozsó Z, Penke B, Fülöp L. Impact of Two Neuronal Sigma-1 Receptor Modulators, PRE084 and DMT, on Neurogenesis and Neuroinflammation in an Aβ 1-42-Injected, Wild-Type Mouse Model of AD. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2514. [PMID: 35269657 PMCID: PMC8910266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia characterized by cognitive dysfunctions. Pharmacological interventions to slow the progression of AD are intensively studied. A potential direction targets neuronal sigma-1 receptors (S1Rs). S1R ligands are recognized as promising therapeutic agents that may alleviate symptom severity of AD, possibly via preventing amyloid-β-(Aβ-) induced neurotoxicity on the endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated pathways. Furthermore, S1Rs may also modulate adult neurogenesis, and the impairment of this process is reported to be associated with AD. We aimed to investigate the effects of two S1R agonists, dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and PRE084, in an Aβ-induced in vivo mouse model characterizing neurogenic and anti-neuroinflammatory symptoms of AD, and the modulatory effects of S1R agonists were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods and western blotting. DMT, binding moderately to S1R but with high affinity to 5-HT receptors, negatively influenced neurogenesis, possibly as a result of activating both receptors differently. In contrast, the highly selective S1R agonist PRE084 stimulated hippocampal cell proliferation and differentiation. Regarding neuroinflammation, DMT and PRE084 significantly reduced Aβ1-42-induced astrogliosis, but neither had remarkable effects on microglial activation. In summary, the highly selective S1R agonist PRE084 may be a promising therapeutic agent for AD. Further studies are required to clarify the multifaceted neurogenic and anti-neuroinflammatory roles of these agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lívia Fülöp
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm Tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (V.V.); (T.S.); (I.S.); (Z.B.); (B.P.)
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A Synopsis of Multitarget Potential Therapeutic Effects of Huperzine A in Diverse Pathologies-Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1166-1182. [PMID: 35122609 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous challenges are confronted when it comes to the recognition of therapeutic agents for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The perplexing pathogenicity of AD embodies cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disruption along with vicious production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating oxidative stress. In this frame of reference, drugs with multi target components could prove more advantageous to counter complex pathological mechanisms that are responsible for AD progression. For as much as, medicinal plant based pharmaco-therapies are emerging as potential candidates for AD treatment keeping the efficacy and safety parameters in terms of toxicity and side effects into consideration. Huperzine A (Hup A) is a purified alkaloid compound extracted from a club moss called Huperzia serrata. Several studies have reported both cholinergic and non-cholinergic effects of this compound on AD with significant neuroprotective properties. The present review convenes cumulative demonstrations of neuroprotection provided by Hup A in in vitro, in vivo, and human studies in various pathologies. The underlying molecular mechanisms of its actions have also been discussed. However, more profound evidence would certainly promote the therapeutic implementation of this drug thus furnishing decisive insights into AD therapeutics and various other pathologies along with preventive and curative management.
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Wang C, Chen JC, Xiao HH, Kong L, Zhao YM, Tian Y, Li H, Tian JM, Cui L, Wen CM, Shi YJ, Yang JX, Shang DJ. Jujuboside A promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation of APPswe-overexpressing neural stem cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136473. [PMID: 35077846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of hippocampal neurogenesis has been considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In present study, we evaluated both the neuroprotective effects and the effects on the proliferation and differentiation of APP-overexpressing neural stem cells (APP-NSCs) by Jujuboside A (JuA) in vitro. Our results demonstrated that JuA (50 μM) decreased apoptosis and suppressed oxidative stress damage of APP-NSCs. JuA (50 μM) upregulated the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and promoted the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of APP-NSCs. Moreover, JuA (50 μM) upregulated Wnt-3a and β-catenin protein expression, and enhanced the expression of downstream genes Ccnd1, Neurod1 and Prox1. However, XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, inhibited these positive effects of JuA. Taken together, these findings suggest that JuA promote proliferation and neuronal differentiation of APP-NSCs partly by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We hope that this study will provide a viable strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ji-Cong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-He Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - He Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Ming Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Cai-Ming Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
| | - De-Jing Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
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Radhakrishnan RK, Kandasamy M. SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Neuropathogenesis, Deterioration of Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221078418. [PMID: 35133907 PMCID: PMC10581113 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221078418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A significant portion of COVID-19 patients and survivors display marked clinical signs of neurocognitive impairments. SARS-CoV-2-mediated peripheral cytokine storm and its neurotropism appear to elicit the activation of glial cells in the brain proceeding to neuroinflammation. While adult neurogenesis has been identified as a key cellular basis of cognitive functions, neuroinflammation-induced aberrant neuroregenerative plasticity in the hippocampus has been implicated in progressive memory loss in ageing and brain disorders. Notably, recent histological studies of post-mortem human and experimental animal brains indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs neurogenic process in the hippocampus of the brain due to neuroinflammation. Considering the facts, this article describes the prominent neuropathogenic characteristics and neurocognitive impairments in COVID-19 and emphasizes a viewpoint that neuroinflammation-mediated deterioration of hippocampal neurogenesis could contribute to the onset and progression of dementia in COVID-19. Thus, it necessitates the unmet need for regenerative medicine for the effective management of neurocognitive deficits in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risna K. Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
- Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India
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de Lucia C, Murphy T, Maruszak A, Wright P, Powell TR, Hartopp N, de Jong S, O'Sullivan MJ, Breen G, Price J, Lovestone S, Thuret S. Serum from Older Adults Increases Apoptosis and Molecular Aging Markers in Human Hippocampal Progenitor Cells. Aging Dis 2021; 12:2151-2172. [PMID: 34881092 PMCID: PMC8612606 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related alteration in neural stem cell function is linked to neurodegenerative conditions and cognitive decline. In rodents, this can be reversed by exposure to a young systemic milieu and conversely, the old milieu can inhibit stem cell function in young rodents. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effect of the human systemic milieu on human hippocampal progenitor cells (HPCs) using human serum from early adulthood, mid-life and older age. We showed that neuroblast number following serum treatment is predictive of larger dentate gyrus, CA3, CA4 and whole hippocampus volumes and that allogeneic human serum from asymptomatic older individuals induced a two-fold increase in apoptotic cell death of HPCs compared with serum from young adults. General linear models revealed that variability in markers of proliferation and differentiation was partly attributable to use of antihypertensive medication and very mild cognitive decline among older subjects. Finally, using an endophenotype approach and whole-genome expression arrays, we showed upregulation of established and novel ageing molecular hallmarks in response to old serum. Serum from older subjects induced a wide range of cellular and molecular phenotypes, likely reflecting a lifetime of environmental exposures. Our findings support a role for the systemic enviroment in neural stem cell maintenance and are in line with others highlighting a distinction between neurobiological and chronological ageing. Finally, the herein described serum assay can be used by future studies to further analyse the effect of environmental exposures as well as to determine the role of the systemic environment in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara de Lucia
- 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tytus Murphy
- 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksandra Maruszak
- 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wright
- 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy R Powell
- 2Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Naomi Hartopp
- 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Simone de Jong
- 2Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- 3UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerome Breen
- 2Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Price
- 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sandrine Thuret
- 1Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Wang XF, Xiao HH, Wu YT, Kong L, Chen JC, Yang JX, Hu XL. Active constituent of Polygala tenuifolia attenuates cognitive deficits by rescuing hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:267. [PMID: 34696749 PMCID: PMC8543956 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide, and there is still no satisfactory drug or therapeutic strategy. Polygala tenuifolia is a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple neuroprotective effects. In present study, we investigated the effects of three active constituents [3,6'-disinapoyl sucrose (DISS), onjisaponin B (OB) and tenuifolin (TEN)] of Polygala tenuifolia (PT) on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) to identify the potential active constituent of PT promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS NSCs were isolated from hippocampi of newborn C57BL/6 mice, and transfected with mutant amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene to establish an AD cell model (APP-NSCs). 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were performed, and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were assessed by neurosphere formation assay, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay and immunofluorescence (IF) staining analysis. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were administrated with the potential active constituent DISS for 4 weeks. Morris water maze (MWM), Nissl staining assay and IF staining assays were carried out to evaluate the cognitive function, neural damages and hippocampal neurogenesis, respectively. RESULTS DISS exerted the optimal ability to strengthen APP-NSCs proliferation and neuronal differentiation, followed by OB and TEN. Furthermore, DISS treatment for 4 weeks strikingly rescued the cognitive deficits, neuronal injures, and neurogenesis disorder in adult APP/PS1 transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that DISS is the constituent of PT that triggers the most potent increase of hippocampal neurogenesis in our mouse model of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wang
- Center for Neuromedicine of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-He Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Tong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Cong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 77 Life One Road, DD Port, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-le Hu
- Center for Neuromedicine of Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, 42 Xuegong Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116033, People's Republic of China.
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Siddiqui T, Bhattarai P, Popova S, Cosacak MI, Sariya S, Zhang Y, Mayeux R, Tosto G, Kizil C. KYNA/Ahr Signaling Suppresses Neural Stem Cell Plasticity and Neurogenesis in Adult Zebrafish Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:2748. [PMID: 34685728 PMCID: PMC8534484 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis decreases in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, suggesting that restoring the normal neurogenic response could be a disease modifying intervention. To study the mechanisms of pathology-induced neuro-regeneration in vertebrate brains, zebrafish is an excellent model due to its extensive neural regeneration capacity. Here, we report that Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of the amino acid tryptophan, negatively regulates neural stem cell (NSC) plasticity in adult zebrafish brain through its receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (Ahr2). The production of KYNA is suppressed after amyloid-toxicity through reduction of the levels of Kynurenine amino transferase 2 (KAT2), the key enzyme producing KYNA. NSC proliferation is enhanced by an antagonist for Ahr2 and is reduced with Ahr2 agonists or KYNA. A subset of Ahr2-expressing zebrafish NSCs do not express other regulatory receptors such as il4r or ngfra, indicating that ahr2-positive NSCs constitute a new subset of neural progenitors that are responsive to amyloid-toxicity. By performing transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) in three late onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) brain autopsy cohorts, we also found that several genes that are components of KYNA metabolism or AHR signaling are differentially expressed in LOAD, suggesting a strong link between KYNA/Ahr2 signaling axis to neurogenesis in LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Siddiqui
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Stanislava Popova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (M.I.C.)
| | - Sanjeev Sariya
- The Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.S.); (R.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B-CUBE, Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.S.); (R.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- The Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.S.); (R.M.); (G.T.)
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within Helmholtz Association, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (T.S.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (M.I.C.)
- The Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; (S.S.); (R.M.); (G.T.)
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Wander CM, Song J. The neurogenic niche in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2021; 762:136109. [PMID: 34271133 PMCID: PMC9013442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is the process of generation and functional incorporation of new neurons, formed by adult neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is highly dependent upon the integration of dynamic external stimuli and is instrumental in the formation of new spatial memories. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is therefore uniquely sensitive to the summation of neuronal circuit and neuroimmune environments that comprise the neurogenic niche, and has powerful implications in diseases of aging and neurological disorders. This sensitivity underlies the neurogenic niche alterations commonly observed in Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. This review summarizes Alzheimer's disease associated changes in neuronal network activity, neuroinflammatory processes, and adult neural stem cell fate choice that ultimately result in neurogenic niche dysfunction and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex changes mediating neurogenic niche disturbances in Alzheimer's disease will aid development of future therapies targeting adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Wander
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Arnaud K, Oliveira Moreira V, Vincent J, Dallerac G, Dubreuil C, Dupont E, Richter M, Müller UC, Rondi-Reig L, Prochiantz A, Di Nardo AA. Choroid plexus APP regulates adult brain proliferation and animal behavior. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/11/e202000703. [PMID: 34544751 PMCID: PMC8473726 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mouse choroid plexus shows elevated APP expression. sAPPα secreted into the CSF modulates neurogenic niche proliferation, whereas choroid plexus expression of fAD APP mutants leads to reduced niche proliferation, deficits in hippocampus synaptic plasticity, and learning defects. Elevated amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in the choroid plexus suggests an important role for extracellular APP metabolites such as sAPPα in cerebrospinal fluid. Despite widespread App brain expression, we hypothesized that specifically targeting choroid plexus expression could alter animal physiology. Through various genetic and viral approaches in the adult mouse, we show that choroid plexus APP levels significantly impact proliferation in both subventricular zone and hippocampus dentate gyrus neurogenic niches. Given the role of Aβ peptides in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis, we also tested whether favoring the production of Aβ in choroid plexus could negatively affect niche functions. After AAV5-mediated long-term expression of human mutated APP specifically in the choroid plexus of adult wild-type mice, we observe reduced niche proliferation, reduced hippocampus APP expression, behavioral defects in reversal learning, and deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Our findings highlight the unique role played by the choroid plexus in regulating brain function and suggest that targeting APP in choroid plexus may provide a means to improve hippocampus function and alleviate disease-related burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Arnaud
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Oliveira Moreira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean Vincent
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Labex BioPsy, ENP Foundation, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Glenn Dallerac
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Dubreuil
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Edmond Dupont
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Max Richter
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laure Rondi-Reig
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Labex BioPsy, ENP Foundation, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Prochiantz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ariel A Di Nardo
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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The emerging role of miRNA-132/212 cluster in neurologic and cardiovascular diseases: Neuroprotective role in cells with prolonged longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111566. [PMID: 34517022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
miRNA-132/212 are small regulators of gene expression with a function that fulfills a vital function in diverse biological processes including neuroprotection of cells with prolonged longevity in neurons and the cardiovascular system. In neurons, miRNA-132 appears to be essential for controlling differentiation, development, and neural functioning. Indeed, it also universally promotes axon evolution, nervous migration, plasticity as well, it is suggested to be neuroprotective against neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, miRNA-132/212 disorder leads to neural developmental perturbation, and the development of degenerative disorders covering Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and epilepsy's along with psychiatric perturbations including schizophrenia. Furthermore, the cellular mechanisms of the miRNA-132/212 have additionally been explored in cardiovascular diseases models. Also, the miRNA-132/212 family modulates cardiac hypertrophy and autophagy in cardiomyocytes. The protective and effective clinical promise of miRNA-132/212 in these systems is discussed in this review. To sum up, the current progress in innovative miRNA-based therapies for human pathologies seems of extreme concern and reveals promising novel therapeutic strategies.
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Wu X, Shen Q, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Gu Y, Xing D. Photoactivation of TGFβ/SMAD signaling pathway ameliorates adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:345. [PMID: 34116709 PMCID: PMC8196501 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is restricted under the pathological conditions of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The drop of AHN reduces neural circuit plasticity, resulting in the decrease of the generation of newborn neurons in dentate gyrus (DG), which makes it difficult to recover from learning/memory dysfunction in AD, therefore, it is imperative to find a therapeutic strategy to promote neurogenesis and clarify its underlying mechanism involved. Methods Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice were treated with photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for 0.1 mW/mm2 per day in the dark for 1 month (10 min for each day). The neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice at E14, and the cells were treated with PBMT for 0.667 mW/mm2 in the dark (5 min for each time). Results In this study, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is found to promote AHN in APP/PS1 mice. The latent transforming growth factor-β1 (LTGFβ1) was activated in vitro and in vivo during PBMT-induced AHN, which promoted the differentiation of hippocampal APP/PS1 NSCs into newborn neurons. In particular, behavioral experiments showed that PBMT enhanced the spatial learning/memory ability of APP/PS1 mice. Mechanistically, PBMT-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) activates TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway to increase the interaction of the transcription factors Smad2/3 with Smad4 and competitively reduce the association of Smad1/5/9 with Smad4, thereby significantly upregulating the expression of doublecortin (Dcx)/neuronal class-III β-tubulin (Tuj1) and downregulating the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). These in vitro effects were abrogated when eliminating ROS. Furthermore, specific inhibition of TGFβ receptor I (TGFβR I) attenuates the DNA-binding efficiency of Smad2/3 to the Dcx promotor triggered by PBMT. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that PBMT, as a viable therapeutic strategy, directs the adult hippocampal APP/PS1 NSCs differentiate towards neurons, which has great potential value for ameliorating the drop of AHN in Alzheimer’s disease mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02399-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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40
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Houben S, Homa M, Yilmaz Z, Leroy K, Brion JP, Ando K. Tau Pathology and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: What Tau Mouse Models Tell us? Front Neurol 2021; 12:610330. [PMID: 33643196 PMCID: PMC7902892 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.610330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has been widely confirmed in mammalian brains. A growing body of evidence points to the fact that AHN sustains hippocampal-dependent functions such as learning and memory. Impaired AHN has been reported in post-mortem human brain hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is considered to contribute to defects in learning and memory. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid plaques are the two key neuropathological hallmarks of AD. NFTs are composed of abnormal tau proteins accumulating in many brain areas during the progression of the disease, including in the hippocampus. The physiological role of tau and impact of tau pathology on AHN is still poorly understood. Modifications in AHN have also been reported in some tau transgenic and tau-deleted mouse models. We present here a brief review of advances in the relationship between development of tau pathology and AHN in AD and what insights have been gained from studies in tau mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Houben
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, UNI (ULB Neuroscience Institute), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mégane Homa
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, UNI (ULB Neuroscience Institute), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zehra Yilmaz
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, UNI (ULB Neuroscience Institute), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, UNI (ULB Neuroscience Institute), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, UNI (ULB Neuroscience Institute), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kunie Ando
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, UNI (ULB Neuroscience Institute), Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Kang YJ, Diep YN, Tran M, Cho H. Therapeutic Targeting Strategies for Early- to Late-Staged Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9591. [PMID: 33339351 PMCID: PMC7766709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, typically showing progressive neurodegeneration in aging brains. The key signatures of the AD progression are the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides, the formation of tau tangles, and the induction of detrimental neuroinflammation leading to neuronal loss. However, conventional pharmacotherapeutic options are merely relying on the alleviation of symptoms that are limited to mild to moderate AD patients. Moreover, some of these medicines discontinued to use due to either the insignificant effectiveness in improving the cognitive impairment or the adverse side effects worsening essential bodily functions. One of the reasons for the failure is the lack of knowledge on the underlying mechanisms that can accurately explain the major causes of the AD progression correlating to the severity of AD. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the better understanding of AD pathogenesis and the development of the disease-modifying treatments, particularly for severe and late-onset AD, which have not been covered thoroughly. Here, we review the underlying mechanisms of AD progression, which have been employed for the currently established therapeutic strategies. We believe this will further spur the discovery of a novel disease-modifying treatment for mild to severe, as well as early- to late-onset, AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Yen N. Diep
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (Y.N.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Minh Tran
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (Y.N.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Hansang Cho
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea; (Y.N.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
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42
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Arredondo SB, Valenzuela-Bezanilla D, Mardones MD, Varela-Nallar L. Role of Wnt Signaling in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 33042988 PMCID: PMC7525004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists during adulthood in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Signals provided by the local hippocampal microenvironment support neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of newborn neurons into functional dentate granule cells, that integrate into the neural circuit and contribute to hippocampal function. Increasing evidence indicates that Wnt signaling regulates multiple aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Wnt ligands bind to Frizzled receptors and co-receptors to activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, or the non-canonical β-catenin-independent signaling cascades Wnt/Ca2+ and Wnt/planar cell polarity. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the roles of Wnt signaling components including ligands, receptors/co-receptors and soluble modulators in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Also, we review the data suggesting distinctive roles for canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling cascades in regulating different stages of neurogenesis. Finally, we discuss the evidence linking the dysfunction of Wnt signaling to the decline of neurogenesis observed in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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43
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Young JK. Neurogenesis Makes a Crucial Contribution to the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:365-371. [PMID: 33163897 PMCID: PMC7592839 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One unexplained feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is that the lateral entorhinal cortex undergoes neurodegeneration before other brain areas. However, this brain region does not have elevated levels of amyloid peptides in comparison with undamaged regions. What is the cause of this special vulnerability of the entorhinal cortex? One special feature of the lateral entorhinal cortex is that it projects to newborn neurons that have undergone adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis is abnormal in human AD brains, and modulation of neurogenesis in experimental animals influences the course of AD. This complex process of neurogenesis may expose axon terminals originating from neurons of the entorhinal cortex to a unique combination of molecules that can enhance toxic effects of amyloid. Retrograde degeneration of neurons with axons terminating in the dentate gyrus provides a likely explanation for the spatial patterns of neuronal cell death seen in AD. Specialized astrocytes in the dentate gyrus participate in adult neurogenesis and produce fatty acid binding protein7 (FABP7). These FABP7+ cells undergo an aging-related mitochondrial pathology that likely impairs their functions. This age-related abnormality may contribute to the impairment in neurogenesis seen in aging and Alzheimer’s disease. Also, a compromised function of these astrocytes likely results in local elevations of palmitic acid, iron, copper, and glucose, which all enhance the toxicity of amyloid peptides. Treatments that modulate neurogenesis or diminish the production of these toxic substances may prove more successful than treatments that are solely aimed at reducing the amyloid burden alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Young
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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44
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Sharma A, Brenner M, Wang P. Potential Role of Extracellular CIRP in Alcohol-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5000-5010. [PMID: 32827106 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death in the USA and the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. In AD, microtubule-associated protein tau becomes pathologically phosphorylated and aggregated, leading to neurodegeneration and the cognitive deficits that characterize the disease. Prospective studies have shown that frequent and heavy alcohol drinking is linked to early onset and increased severity of AD. The precise mechanisms of how alcohol leads to AD, however, remain poorly understood. We have shown that extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) is a critical mediator of memory impairment induced by exposure to binge-drinking levels of alcohol, leading us to reason that eCIRP may be a key player in the relationship between alcohol and AD. In this review, we first discuss the mechanisms by which alcohol promotes AD. We then review eCIRP's role as a critical mediator of acute alcohol intoxication-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Next, we explore the potential contribution of eCIRP to the development of alcohol-induced AD by targeting tau phosphorylation. We also consider the effects of eCIRP on neuronal death and neurogenesis linking alcohol with AD. Finally, we highlight the importance of further studying eCIRP as a critical molecular mechanism connecting acute alcohol intoxication, neuroinflammation, and tau phosphorylation in AD along with the potential of therapeutically targeting eCIRP as a new strategy to attenuate alcohol-induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archna Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Max Brenner
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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45
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Liu Q, Jiao Y, Yang W, Gao B, Hsu DK, Nolta J, Russell M, Lyeth B, Zanto TP, Zhao M. Intracranial alternating current stimulation facilitates neurogenesis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:89. [PMID: 32703308 PMCID: PMC7376967 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenesis is significantly impaired in the brains of both human patients and experimental animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although deep brain stimulation promotes neurogenesis, it is an invasive technique that may damage neural circuitry along the path of the electrode. To circumvent this problem, we assessed whether intracranial electrical stimulation to the brain affects neurogenesis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (5xFAD). METHODS AND RESULTS We used Ki67, Nestin, and doublecortin (DCX) as markers and determined that neurogenesis in both the subventricular zone (SVZ) and hippocampus were significantly reduced in the brains of 4-month-old 5xFAD mice. Guided by a finite element method (FEM) computer simulation to approximately estimate current and electric field in the mouse brain, electrodes were positioned on the skull that were likely to deliver stimulation to the SVZ and hippocampus. After a 4-week program of 40-Hz intracranial alternating current stimulation (iACS), neurogenesis indicated by expression of Ki67, Nestin, and DCX in both the SVZ and hippocampus were significantly increased compared to 5xFAD mice who received sham stimulation. The magnitude of neurogenesis was close to the wild-type (WT) age-matched unmanipulated controls. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that iACS is a promising, less invasive technique capable of effectively stimulating the SVZ and hippocampus regions in the mouse brain. Importantly, iACS can significantly boost neurogenesis in the brain and offers a potential treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Yihang Jiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Weijian Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Beiyao Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
- Present location: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200041, P. R. China
| | - Daniel K Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Jan Nolta
- Stem Cell Program and Gene Therapy Center, Institute for Regenerative Cures, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, 95817, CA, USA
| | - Michael Russell
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Bruce Lyeth
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Theodore P Zanto
- Neuroscape, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco - Mission Bay, Sandler Neuroscience Center MC 0444, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95616, USA.
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46
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Lin K, Sze SCW, Liu B, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhu P, Wang Y, Deng Q, Yung KKL, Zhang S. 20( S)-protopanaxadiol and oleanolic acid ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:325-333. [PMID: 33841013 PMCID: PMC8020272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) and oleanolic acid (OA) are small, bioactive compounds found in ginseng that can promote NSC proliferation and neural differentiation in vitro. However, it is currently unknown whether PPD or OA can attenuate cognitive deficits by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo in a transgenic APP/PS1 AD mouse model. Here, we administered PPD or OA to APP/PS1 mice and monitored the effects on cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods We used the Morris water maze, Y maze, and open field tests to compare the cognitive capacities of treated and untreated APP/PS1 mice. We investigated hippocampal neurogenesis using Nissl staining and BrdU/NeuN double labeling. NSC proliferation was quantified by Sox2 labeling of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We used western blotting to determine the effects of PPD and OA on Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway activation in the hippocampus. Results Both PPD and OA significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairments observed in untreated APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, PPD and OA significantly promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and NSC proliferation. At the mechanistic level, PPD and OA treatments resulted in Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway activation in the hippocampus. Conclusion PPD and OA ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis, achieved by stimulating the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. As such, PPD and OA are promising novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stephen Cho-Wing Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Peili Zhu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Qiudi Deng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
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Jurisch-Yaksi N, Yaksi E, Kizil C. Radial glia in the zebrafish brain: Functional, structural, and physiological comparison with the mammalian glia. Glia 2020; 68:2451-2470. [PMID: 32476207 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The neuroscience community has witnessed a tremendous expansion of glia research. Glial cells are now on center stage with leading roles in the development, maturation, and physiology of brain circuits. Over the course of evolution, glia have highly diversified and include the radial glia, astroglia or astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells, each having dedicated functions in the brain. The zebrafish, a small teleost fish, is no exception to this and recent evidences point to evolutionarily conserved roles for glia in the development and physiology of its nervous system. Due to its small size, transparency, and genetic amenability, the zebrafish has become an increasingly prominent animal model for brain research. It has enabled the study of neural circuits from individual cells to entire brains, with a precision unmatched in other vertebrate models. Moreover, its high neurogenic and regenerative potential has attracted a lot of attention from the research community focusing on neural stem cells and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, studies using zebrafish have the potential to provide fundamental insights about brain development and function, and also elucidate neural and molecular mechanisms of neurological diseases. We will discuss here recent discoveries on the diverse roles of radial glia and astroglia in neurogenesis, in modulating neuronal activity and in regulating brain homeostasis at the brain barriers. By comparing insights made in various animal models, particularly mammals and zebrafish, our goal is to highlight the similarities and differences in glia biology among species, which could set new paradigms relevant to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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48
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How TRPC Channels Modulate Hippocampal Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113915. [PMID: 32486187 PMCID: PMC7312571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins constitute a group of receptor-operated calcium-permeable nonselective cationic membrane channels of the TRP superfamily. They are largely expressed in the hippocampus and are able to modulate neuronal functions. Accordingly, they have been involved in different hippocampal functions such as learning processes and different types of memories, as well as hippocampal dysfunctions such as seizures. This review covers the mechanisms of activation of these channels, how these channels can modulate neuronal excitability, in particular the after-burst hyperpolarization, and in the persistent activity, how they control synaptic plasticity including pre- and postsynaptic processes and how they can interfere with cell survival and neurogenesis.
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49
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Rifaai RA, Mokhemer SA, Saber EA, El-Aleem SAA, El-Tahawy NFG. Neuroprotective effect of quercetin nanoparticles: A possible prophylactic and therapeutic role in alzheimer's disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 107:101795. [PMID: 32464160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly. Quercetin is a well-known flavonoid with low bioavailability. Recently, quercetin nanoparticles (QNPs) has been shown to have a better bioavailability. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of QNPs in Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced animal model of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS AD was induced in rats by oral administration of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/day) for 42 days. QNPs (30 mg/kg) was given along with AlCl3 in the prophylactic group and following AD induction in the treated group. Hippocampi were harvested for assessments of the structural and ultrastructural changes using histological and histochemical approaches. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION AD hippocampi showed a prominent structural and ultrastructural disorders both neuronal and extraneuronal. Including neuronal degeneration, formation of APs and NFTs, downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), astrogliosis and inhibition of the proliferative activity (all P ≤ 0.05). Electron microscopy showed signs of neuronal degeneration with microglia and astrocyte activation and disruption of myelination and Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Interestingly, QNPs administration remarkably reduced the neuronal degenerative changes, APs and NFTs formation (all P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, it showed signs of regeneration (all P ≤ 0.05) and upregulation of TH. The effect was profound in the prophylactic group. Thus, QNPs reduced the damaging effect of AlCl3 on hippocampal neurons at the molecular, cellular and subcellular levels. CONCLUSION For the best of our knowledge this is the first study to show a prophylactic and therapeutic effect for QNPs in AD model. This might open the gate for further research and provide a new line for therapeutic intervention in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Ahmed Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Sahar Ahmed Mokhemer
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt; Delegated to Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Seham A Abd El-Aleem
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Minia University- Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
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Mashkaryan V, Siddiqui T, Popova S, Cosacak MI, Bhattarai P, Brandt K, Govindarajan N, Petzold A, Reinhardt S, Dahl A, Lefort R, Kizil C. Type 1 Interleukin-4 Signaling Obliterates Mouse Astroglia in vivo but Not in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:114. [PMID: 32181251 PMCID: PMC7057913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that reduced neurogenesis could be one of the underlying reasons for the exacerbated neuropathology in humans, thus restoring the neural stem cell proliferation and neurogenesis could help to circumvent some pathological aspects of Alzheimer’s disease. We recently identified Interleukin-4/STAT6 signaling as a neuron–glia crosstalk mechanism that enables glial proliferation and neurogenesis in adult zebrafish brain and 3D cultures of human astroglia, which manifest neurogenic properties. In this study, by using single cell sequencing in the APP/PS1dE9 mouse model of AD, we found that IL4 receptor (Il4r) is not expressed in mouse astroglia and IL4 signaling is not active in these cells. We tested whether activating IL4/STAT6 signaling would enhance cell proliferation and neurogenesis in healthy and disease conditions. Lentivirus-mediated expression of IL4R or constitutively active STAT6VT impaired the survival capacity of mouse astroglia in vivo but not in vitro. These results suggest that the adult mouse brain generates a non-permissive environment that dictates a negative effect of IL4 signaling on astroglial survival and neurogenic properties in contrast to zebrafish brains and in vitro mammalian cell cultures. Our findings that IL4R signaling in dentate gyrus (DG) of adult mouse brain impinges on the survival of DG cells implicate an evolutionary mechanism that might underlie the loss of neuroregenerative ability of the brain, which might be utilized for basic and clinical aspects for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Mashkaryan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tohid Siddiqui
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stanislava Popova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ilyas Cosacak
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Prabesh Bhattarai
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brandt
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nambirajan Govindarajan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-Concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roger Lefort
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Caghan Kizil
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Dresden, Helmholtz Association, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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