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Li C, Chen K, Fang Q, Shi S, Nan J, He J, Yin Y, Li X, Li J, Hou L, Hu X, Kellis M, Han X, Xiong X. Crosstalk between epitranscriptomic and epigenomic modifications and its implication in human diseases. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100605. [PMID: 38981476 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Crosstalk between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and epigenomes is crucial for gene regulation, but its regulatory directionality and disease significance remain unclear. Here, we utilize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) as genetic instruments to delineate directional maps of crosstalk between m6A and two epigenomic traits, DNA methylation (DNAme) and H3K27ac. We identify 47 m6A-to-H3K27ac and 4,733 m6A-to-DNAme and, in the reverse direction, 106 H3K27ac-to-m6A and 61,775 DNAme-to-m6A regulatory loci, with differential genomic location preference observed for different regulatory directions. Integrating these maps with complex diseases, we prioritize 20 genome-wide association study (GWAS) loci for neuroticism, depression, and narcolepsy in brain; 1,767 variants for asthma and expiratory flow traits in lung; and 249 for coronary artery disease, blood pressure, and pulse rate in muscle. This study establishes disease regulatory paths, such as rs3768410-DNAme-m6A-asthma and rs56104944-m6A-DNAme-hypertension, uncovering locus-specific crosstalk between m6A and epigenomic layers and offering insights into regulatory circuits underlying human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Kexuan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qianchen Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shaohui Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jiuhong Nan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jialin He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yafei Yin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics Section, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xinyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xikun Han
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Xushen Xiong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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2
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Joshi P, Keyvani Chahi A, Liu L, Moreira S, Vujovic A, Hope KJ. RNA binding protein-directed control of leukemic stem cell evolution and function. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e116. [PMID: 39175825 PMCID: PMC11339706 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Strict control over hematopoietic stem cell decision making is essential for healthy life-long blood production and underpins the origins of hematopoietic diseases. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in particular is a devastating hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the clonal evolution of disease-initiating primitive cells which acquire compounding genetic changes over time and culminate in the generation of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these driver cells throughout their development will be instrumental in the interception of leukemia, the enabling of effective treatment of pre-leukemic conditions, as well as the development of strategies to target frank AML disease. To this point, a number of precancerous myeloid disorders and age-related alterations are proving as instructive models to gain insights into the initiation of LSCs. Here, we explore this myeloid dysregulation at the level of post-transcriptional control, where RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) function as core effectors. Through regulating the interplay of a myriad of RNA metabolic processes, RBPs orchestrate transcript fates to govern gene expression in health and disease. We describe the expanding appreciation of the role of RBPs and their post-transcriptional networks in sustaining healthy hematopoiesis and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of clonal myeloid disorders and AML, with a particular emphasis on findings described in human stem cells. Lastly, we discuss key breakthroughs that highlight RBPs and post-transcriptional control as actionable targets for precision therapy of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Joshi
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Lina Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Steven Moreira
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Ana Vujovic
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
| | - Kristin J. Hope
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Princess Margaret Cancer CenterUniversity Health NetworkTorontoCanada
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3
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Chen K, Nan J, Xiong X. Genetic regulation of m 6A RNA methylation and its contribution in human complex diseases. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:1591-1600. [PMID: 38764000 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2609-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been established as the most prevalent chemical modification in message RNA (mRNA), playing an essential role in determining the fate of RNA molecules. Dysregulation of m6A has been revealed to lead to abnormal physiological conditions and cause various types of human diseases. Recent studies have delineated the genetic regulatory maps for m6A methylation by mapping the quantitative trait loci of m6A (m6A-QTLs), thereby building up the regulatory circuits linking genetic variants, m6A, and human complex traits. Here, we review the recent discoveries concerning the genetic regulatory maps of m6A, describing the methodological and technical details of m6A-QTL identification, and introducing the key findings of the cis- and trans-acting drivers of m6A. We further delve into the tissue- and ethnicity-specificity of m6A-QTL, the association with other molecular phenotypes in light of genetic regulation, the regulators underlying m6A genetics, and importantly, the functional roles of m6A in mediating human complex diseases. Lastly, we discuss potential research avenues that can accelerate the translation of m6A genetics studies toward the development of therapies for human genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiuhong Nan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Xushen Xiong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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4
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Hu R, Liao P, Xu B, Qiu Y, Zhang H, Li Y. N6-methyladenosine RNA modifications: a potential therapeutic target for AML. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2601-2612. [PMID: 37548690 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification has recently emerged as an essential regulator of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. As a reversible epigenetic modification found in messenger RNAs and non-coding RNAs, m6A affects the fate of the modified RNA molecules. It is essential in most vital bioprocesses, contributing to cancer development. Here, we review the up-to-date knowledge of the pathological functions and underlying molecular mechanism of m6A modifications in normal hematopoiesis, leukemia pathogenesis, and drug response/resistance. At last, we discuss the critical role of m6A in immune response, the therapeutic potential of targeting m6A regulators, and the possible combination therapy for AML.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Hematopoiesis/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Animals
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyun Liao
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Binyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Jiang L, Zhang Y, Qian J, Zhou X, Ma L, Zhu S, Wang L, Wang W, Yang W, Luo Y, Lang W, Xu G, Ren Y, Mei C, Ye L, Zhang Q, Liu X, Jin J, Sun J, Tong H. The m 6A methyltransferase METTL14 promotes cell proliferation via SETBP1-mediated activation of PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in myelodysplastic neoplasms. Leukemia 2024:10.1038/s41375-024-02350-3. [PMID: 39054337 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02350-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent epitranscriptomic modification in mammalian mRNA. Recent studies have revealed m6A is involved in the pathogenesis of various malignant tumors including hematologic neoplasms. Nevertheless, the specific roles of m6A modification and m6A regulators in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that m6A level and the expression of m6A methyltransferase METTL14 were elevated in MDS patients with bone marrow blasts ≥5%. Additionally, m6A level and METTL14 expression were upregulated as the disease risk increased and significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Knockdown of METTL14 inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation ability of MDS cells. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed METTL14 knockdown remarkably reduced tumor burden and prolonged the survival of mice. Mechanistically, METTL14 facilitated the m6A modification of SETBP1 mRNA by formation of METTL3-METTL14 complex, leading to increased stabilization of SETBP1 mRNA and subsequent activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Overall, this study elucidated the involvement of the METTL14/m6A/SETBP1/PI3K-AKT signaling axis in MDS, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting METTL3-METTL14 complex-mediated m6A modification for MDS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiejing Qian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinping Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuanghong Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenli Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingwan Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Lang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaixiang Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Mei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongyan Tong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes Diagnosis and Therapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Hematopoietic Malignancy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Gunage R, Zon LI. Role of RNA modifications in blood development and regeneration. Exp Hematol 2024:104279. [PMID: 39009277 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Blood development and regeneration require rapid turnover of cells, and ribonucleic acid (RNA) modifications play a key role in it via regulating stemness and cell fate regulation. RNA modifications affect gene activity via posttranscriptional and translation-mediated mechanisms. Diverse molecular players involved in RNA-modification processes are abundantly expressed by hematopoietic stem cells and lineages. Close to 150 RNA chemical modifications have been reported, but only N6-methyl adenosine (m6A), inosine (I), pseudouridine (Ψ), and m1A-a handful-have been studied in-cell fate regulation. The role of RNA modification in blood diseases and disorders is an emerging field and offers potential for therapeutic interventions. Knowledge of RNA-modification and enzymatic activities could be used to design therapies in the future. Here, we summarized the recent advances in RNA modification and the epitranscriptome field and discussed their regulation of blood development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Gunage
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Leonard I Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA.
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7
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Ma J, Zhao H, Ge F. Application of m6A regulators to predict transformation from myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia via machine learning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38897. [PMID: 38996166 PMCID: PMC11245222 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) frequently transforms into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Predicting the risk of its transformation will help to make the treatment plan. Levels of expression of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators is difference in patients with AML, MDS, and MDS transformed into AML. Seven machine learning algorithms were established based on all of 26 m6A or main differentially expressed m6A regulator genes, and attempted to establish a risk assessment method to distinguish AML from MDS and predict the transformation of MDS into AML. In collective of m6A regulators sets, support vector machine (SVM) and neural network (NNK) model best distinguished AML or MDS from control, with area under the ROC curve (AUROC) 0.966 and 0.785 respectively. The SVM model best distinguished MDS from AML, with AUROC 0.943, sensitivity 0.862, specificity 0.864, and accuracy 0.864. In differentially expressed gene sets, SVM and logistic regression (LR) model best distinguished AML or MDS from control, with AUROC 0.945 and 0.801 respectively. The random forest (RF) model best distinguished between MDS and AML, with AUROC 0.928, sensitivity 0.725, specificity 0.898, and accuracy 0.818. For predictive capacity of MDS transformed into AML, SVM model showed the best predicted in collective m6A regulators sets, with AUROC 0.781 and accuracy 0.740. The LR model showed the best predicted in differential expression m6A regulators sets, with AUROC 0.820 and accuracy 0.760. All results suggested that machine learning model established by m6A regulators can be used to distinguished AML or MDS from control, distinguished AML from MDS and predicted the transformation of MDS into AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Ma
- Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Fang Ge
- Yantai Harbour Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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8
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Yang Y, Lu Y, Wang Y, Wen X, Qi C, Piao W, Jin H. Current progress in strategies to profile transcriptomic m 6A modifications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1392159. [PMID: 39055651 PMCID: PMC11269109 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1392159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Various methods have been developed so far for detecting N 6-methyladenosine (m6A). The total m6A level or the m6A status at individual positions on mRNA can be detected and quantified through some sequencing-independent biochemical methods, such as LC/MS, SCARLET, SELECT, and m6A-ELISA. However, the m6A-detection techniques relying on high-throughput sequencing have more effectively advanced the understanding about biological significance of m6A-containing mRNA and m6A pathway at a transcriptomic level over the past decade. Various SGS-based (Second Generation Sequencing-based) methods with different detection principles have been widely employed for this purpose. These principles include m6A-enrichment using antibodies, discrimination of m6A from unmodified A-base by nucleases, a fusion protein strategy relying on RNA-editing enzymes, and marking m6A with chemical/biochemical reactions. Recently, TGS-based (Third Generation Sequencing-based) methods have brought a new trend by direct m6A-detection. This review first gives a brief introduction of current knowledge about m6A biogenesis and function, and then comprehensively describes m6A-profiling strategies including their principles, procedures, and features. This will guide users to pick appropriate methods according to research goals, give insights for developing novel techniques in varying areas, and continue to expand our boundary of knowledge on m6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Lu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Wen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Changhai Qi
- Department of Pathology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weilan Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Aerospace Center Hospital, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China
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9
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Chen M, Chen Y, Wang K, Deng X, Chen J. Non‐m 6A RNA modifications in haematological malignancies. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1666. [PMID: 38880983 PMCID: PMC11180698 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated RNA modifications, stemming from the aberrant expression and/or malfunction of RNA modification regulators operating through various pathways, play pivotal roles in driving the progression of haematological malignancies. Among RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, the most abundant internal mRNA modification, stands out as the most extensively studied modification. This prominence underscores the crucial role of the layer of epitranscriptomic regulation in controlling haematopoietic cell fate and therefore the development of haematological malignancies. Additionally, other RNA modifications (non-m6A RNA modifications) have gained increasing attention for their essential roles in haematological malignancies. Although the roles of the m6A modification machinery in haematopoietic malignancies have been well reviewed thus far, such reviews are lacking for non-m6A RNA modifications. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles and implications of non-m6A RNA modifications, including N4-acetylcytidine, pseudouridylation, 5-methylcytosine, adenosine to inosine editing, 2'-O-methylation, N1-methyladenosine and N7-methylguanosine in haematopoietic malignancies. We summarise the regulatory enzymes and cellular functions of non-m6A RNA modifications, followed by the discussions of the recent studies on the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of non-m6A RNA modifications in haematological malignancies. We also highlight the potential of therapeutically targeting dysregulated non-m6A modifiers in blood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Chen
- Department of HematologyFujian Institute of HematologyFujian Provincial Key Laboratory on HematologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
- Department of Systems BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yuanzhong Chen
- Department of HematologyFujian Institute of HematologyFujian Provincial Key Laboratory on HematologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems BiologyBeckman Research Institute of City of HopeMonroviaCaliforniaUSA
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia ResearchCity of Hope Medical Center and Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
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10
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Shi X, Feng M, Nakada D. Metabolic dependencies of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Int J Hematol 2024:10.1007/s12185-024-03789-x. [PMID: 38750343 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy primarily driven by an immature population of AML cells termed leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that are implicated in AML development, chemoresistance, and relapse. An emerging area of research in AML focuses on identifying and targeting the aberrant metabolism in LSCs. Dysregulated metabolism is involved in sustaining functional properties of LSCs, impeding myeloid differentiation, and evading programmed cell death, both in the process of leukemogenesis and in response to chemotherapy. This review discusses recent discoveries regarding the aberrant metabolic processes of AML LSCs that have begun to change the therapeutic landscape of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Shi
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Mengdie Feng
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daisuke Nakada
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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11
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Feng G, Wu Y, Hu Y, Shuai W, Yang X, Li Y, Ouyang L, Wang G. Small molecule inhibitors targeting m 6A regulators. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:30. [PMID: 38711100 PMCID: PMC11075261 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most common form of epigenetic regulation by RNA, N6 methyladenosine (m6A) modification is closely involved in physiological processes, such as growth and development, stem cell renewal and differentiation, and DNA damage response. Meanwhile, its aberrant expression in cancer tissues promotes the development of malignant tumors, as well as plays important roles in proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, immunity and prognosis. This close association between m6A and cancers has garnered substantial attention in recent years. An increasing number of small molecules have emerged as potential agents to target m6A regulators for cancer treatment. These molecules target the epigenetic level, enabling precise intervention in RNA modifications and efficiently disrupting the survival mechanisms of tumor cells, thus paving the way for novel approaches in cancer treatment. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive review on small molecules targeting m6A regulators for anti-tumor. Here, we have comprehensively summarized the classification and functions of m6A regulators, elucidating their interactions with the proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, and immune responses in common cancers. Furthermore, we have provided a comprehensive overview on the development, mode of action, pharmacology and structure-activity relationships of small molecules targeting m6A regulators. Our aim is to offer insights for subsequent drug design and optimization, while also providing an outlook on future prospects for small molecule development targeting m6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Feng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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12
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Zhang X, Ma Y, Yu J, Su R, Wang X. Internal m 6 A and m 7 G RNA modifications in hematopoietic system and acute myeloid leukemia. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:1033-1043. [PMID: 38545694 PMCID: PMC11062654 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epitranscriptomics focuses on the RNA-modification-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in our understanding of the landscapes and biological functions of RNA modifications, as prompted by the emergence of potent analytical approaches. The hematopoietic system provides a lifelong supply of blood cells, and gene expression is tightly controlled during the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The dysregulation of gene expression during hematopoiesis may lead to severe disorders, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Emerging evidence supports the involvement of the mRNA modification system in normal hematopoiesis and AML pathogenesis, which has led to the development of small-molecule inhibitors that target N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification machinery as treatments. Here, we summarize the latest findings and our most up-to-date information on the roles of m 6 A and N7-methylguanine in both physiological and pathological conditions in the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potential and limitations of cancer treatments targeting m 6 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Yanni Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu,Sichuan 610052, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu,Sichuan 610052, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Xiaoshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- The Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Chengdu,Sichuan 610052, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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13
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Yu R, Hang Y, Tsai HI, Wang D, Zhu H. Iron metabolism: backfire of cancer cell stemness and therapeutic modalities. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:157. [PMID: 38704599 PMCID: PMC11070091 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with their ability of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differentiation, contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapy and immunotherapy. Eliminating CSCs has long been thought to prevent tumorigenesis. Although known to negatively impact tumor prognosis, research revealed the unexpected role of iron metabolism as a key regulator of CSCs. This review explores recent advances in iron metabolism in CSCs, conventional cancer therapies targeting iron biochemistry, therapeutic resistance in these cells, and potential treatment options that could overcome them. These findings provide important insights into therapeutic modalities against intractable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yinhui Hang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Hsiang-I Tsai
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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14
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Guo J, Zhao L, Duan M, Yang Z, Zhao H, Liu B, Wang Y, Deng L, Wang C, Jiang X, Jiang X. Demethylases in tumors and the tumor microenvironment: Key modifiers of N 6-methyladenosine methylation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116479. [PMID: 38537580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation modifications are widespread in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) the most common among them. Demethylases, including Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) and AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), are important in maintaining the balance between RNA methylation and demethylation. Recent studies have clearly shown that demethylases affect the biological functions of tumors by regulating their m6A levels. However, their effects are complicated, and even opposite results have appeared in different articles. Here, we summarize the complex regulatory networks of demethylases, including the most important and common pathways, to clarify the role of demethylases in tumors. In addition, we describe the relationships between demethylases and the tumor microenvironment, and introduce their regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we discuss evaluation of demethylases for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the clinical application of demethylase inhibitors, providing a strong basis for their large-scale clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Guo
- Departmentof Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shenyang Anorectal Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
| | - Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Baiming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Xiaodi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China.
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15
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Han Y, Sun K, Yu S, Qin Y, Zhang Z, Luo J, Hu H, Dai L, Cui M, Jiang C, Liu F, Huang Y, Gao P, Chen X, Xin T, Ren X, Wu X, Song J, Wang Q, Tang Z, Chen J, Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu M, Luo D. A Mettl16/m 6A/mybl2b/Igf2bp1 axis ensures cell cycle progression of embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. EMBO J 2024; 43:1990-2014. [PMID: 38605226 PMCID: PMC11099167 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal lethality associated with mouse knockout of Mettl16, a recently identified RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, has hampered characterization of the essential role of METTL16-mediated RNA m6A modification in early embryonic development. Here, using cross-species single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, we found that during early embryonic development, METTL16 is more highly expressed in vertebrate hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) than other methyltransferases. In Mettl16-deficient zebrafish, proliferation capacity of embryonic HSPCs is compromised due to G1/S cell cycle arrest, an effect whose rescue requires Mettl16 with intact methyltransferase activity. We further identify the cell-cycle transcription factor mybl2b as a directly regulated by Mettl16-mediated m6A modification. Mettl16 deficiency resulted in the destabilization of mybl2b mRNA, likely due to lost binding by the m6A reader Igf2bp1 in vivo. Moreover, we found that the METTL16-m6A-MYBL2-IGF2BP1 axis controlling G1/S progression is conserved in humans. Collectively, our findings elucidate the critical function of METTL16-mediated m6A modification in HSPC cell cycle progression during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Yayun Qin
- Medical Genetics Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hualei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Liyan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Manman Cui
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Chaolin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Tianqing Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Jieping Song
- Medical Genetics Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
| | - Haojian Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Xianqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Daji Luo
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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16
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Zhou HY, Wang BQ, Chen MX, Wang YF, Jiang YF, Ma J. KDM4C represses liver fibrosis by regulating H3K9me3 methylation of ALKBH5 and m6A methylation of snail1 mRNA. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:298-309. [PMID: 38938016 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to disclose the molecular mechanism of snail1 in liver fibrosis. METHODS Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce a liver fibrosis model in mice whereby serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were evaluated, and liver pathological alternations were assessed. Rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) were irritated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, followed by assessment of cell viability and migration. The levels of snail1, ALKBH5, and lysine specific demethylase 4C (KDM4C) were quantified by immunohistochemistry, western blot, or reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in addition to α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), anti-collagen type I α1 (COL1A1), vimentin, and E-cadherin. Photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation and RNA stability were evaluated to determine the relationship between ALKBH5 and snail1. Changes in KDM4C-bound ALKBH5 promoter and enrichment of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) at the ALKBH5 promoter were determined using chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS In fibrosis mice, snail1 was upregulated while ALKBH5 and KDM4C were downregulated. KDM4C overexpression reduced serum ALT and AST levels, liver injury, and α-SMA, COL1A1 and VIMENTIN expressions but increased E-cadherin expression. However, the aforementioned trends were reversed by concurrent overexpression of snail1. In HSC-T6 cells exposed to TGF-β1, ALKBH5 overexpression weakened cell viability and migration, downregulated α-SMA, COL1A1 and VIMENTIN, upregulated E-CADHERIN, and decreased m6A modification of snail1 and its mRNA stability. KDM4C increased ALKBH5 expression by lowering H3K9me3 level, but inhibited HSC-T6 cell activation by regulating the ALKBH5/snail1 axis. CONCLUSION KDM4C decreases H3K9me3 methylation to upregulate ALKBH5 and subsequently inhibits snail1, ultimately impeding liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ying Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bing Qing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Meng Xuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi Fan Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong Fang Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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17
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Zhang N, Lan R, Chen Y, Hu J. Identification of KDM4C as a gene conferring drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220848. [PMID: 38623585 PMCID: PMC11017188 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor, is a promising therapeutic option for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, drug resistance often occurs, leading to disease relapse and poor prognosis. In this study, we aimed to identify novel genes associated with drug resistance and investigate their roles in BTZ resistance. Through the screening of 26 genes frequently associated with chemosensitivity or drug resistance, we discovered that KDM4C, a histone demethylase, exhibited increased expression in BTZ-resistant MM cells compared to their sensitive counterparts. Overexpression of KDM4C enhanced the tolerance of a MM cell line to the drug, whereas the knockdown of KDM4C, using shRNA, increased the sensitivity of resistant cells to BTZ treatment. This suggests that KDM4C plays a pivotal role in conferring BTZ resistance. Our study offers fresh insights into BTZ resistance in MM and highlights KDM4C as a potential target for overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Central Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
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18
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Lai GQ, Li Y, Zhu H, Zhang T, Gao J, Zhou H, Yang CG. A covalent compound selectively inhibits RNA demethylase ALKBH5 rather than FTO. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:335-343. [PMID: 38576724 PMCID: PMC10989504 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
N 6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent mRNA modification and is required for gene regulation in eukaryotes. ALKBH5, an m6A demethylase, is a promising target, particularly for anticancer drug discovery. However, the development of selective and potent inhibitors of ALKBH5 rather than FTO remains challenging. Herein, we used a targeted covalent inhibition strategy and identified a covalent inhibitor, TD19, which selectively inhibits ALKBH5 compared with FTO demethylase in protein-based and tumor cell-based assays. TD19 irreversibly modifies the residues C100 and C267, preventing ALKBH5 from binding to m6A-containing RNA. Moreover, TD19 displays good anticancer efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia and glioblastoma multiforme cell lines. Thus, the ALKBH5 inhibitor developed in this study, which selectively targets ALKBH5 compared with FTO, can potentially be used as a probe for investigating the biological functions of RNA demethylase and as a lead compound in anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan-Qiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Heping Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Hu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery Yantai 264117 China
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19
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Abu-Zaid A, Fang J, Jin H, Singh S, Pichavaram P, Wu Q, Tillman H, Janke L, Rosikiewicz W, Xu B, Van De Velde LA, Guo Y, Li Y, Shendy NAM, Delahunty IM, Rankovic Z, Chen T, Chen X, Freeman KW, Hatley ME, Durbin AD, Murray PJ, Murphy AJ, Thomas PG, Davidoff AM, Yang J. Histone lysine demethylase 4 family proteins maintain the transcriptional program and adrenergic cellular state of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101468. [PMID: 38508144 PMCID: PMC10983111 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification (MNA) is a high-risk disease that has a poor survival rate. Neuroblastoma displays cellular heterogeneity, including more differentiated (adrenergic) and more primitive (mesenchymal) cellular states. Here, we demonstrate that MYCN oncoprotein promotes a cellular state switch in mesenchymal cells to an adrenergic state, accompanied by induction of histone lysine demethylase 4 family members (KDM4A-C) that act in concert to control the expression of MYCN and adrenergic core regulatory circulatory (CRC) transcription factors. Pharmacologic inhibition of KDM4 blocks expression of MYCN and the adrenergic CRC transcriptome with genome-wide induction of transcriptionally repressive H3K9me3, resulting in potent anticancer activity against neuroblastomas with MNA by inducing neuroblastic differentiation and apoptosis. Furthermore, a short-term KDM4 inhibition in combination with conventional, cytotoxic chemotherapy results in complete tumor responses of xenografts with MNA. Thus, KDM4 blockade may serve as a transformative strategy to target the adrenergic CRC dependencies in MNA neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shivendra Singh
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura Janke
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Van De Velde
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yian Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Noha A M Shendy
- Department of Molecular Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ian M Delahunty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kevin W Freeman
- Genetics, Genomics & Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Mark E Hatley
- Department of Molecular Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Adam D Durbin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; St Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 500, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; St Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 500, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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20
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Azizidoost S, Nasrolahi A, Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush M, Anbiyaiee A, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M, Uddin S. Signaling pathways governing the behaviors of leukemia stem cells. Genes Dis 2024; 11:830-846. [PMID: 37692500 PMCID: PMC10491880 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a malignancy in the blood that develops from the lymphatic system and bone marrow. Although various treatment options have been used for different types of leukemia, understanding the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of leukemia is necessary. Recent studies showed that leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play essential roles in the pathogenesis of leukemia by targeting several signaling pathways, including Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, and STAT3. LSCs are highly proliferative cells that stimulate tumor initiation, migration, EMT, and drug resistance. This review summarizes cellular pathways that stimulate and prevent LSCs' self-renewal, metastasis, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6193673111, Iran
| | - Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6193673111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Sheykhi-Sabzehpoush
- Department of Laboratory, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 2193672411, Iran
| | - Amir Anbiyaiee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6193673111, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6193673111, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6193673111, Iran
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
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21
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Zhang ZD, Shi CR, Li FX, Gan H, Wei Y, Zhang Q, Shuai X, Chen M, Lin YL, Xiong TC, Chen X, Zhong B, Lin D. Disulfiram ameliorates STING/MITA-dependent inflammation and autoimmunity by targeting RNF115. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:275-291. [PMID: 38267694 PMCID: PMC10901794 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
STING (also known as MITA) is an adaptor protein that mediates cytoplasmic DNA-triggered signaling, and aberrant activation of STING/MITA by cytosolic self-DNA or gain-of-function mutations causes severe inflammation. Here, we show that STING-mediated inflammation and autoimmunity are promoted by RNF115 and alleviated by the RNF115 inhibitor disulfiram (DSF). Knockout of RNF115 or treatment with DSF significantly inhibit systemic inflammation and autoimmune lethality and restore immune cell development in Trex1-/- mice and STINGN153S/WT bone marrow chimeric mice. In addition, knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of RNF115 substantially downregulate the expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ and proinflammatory cytokines in PBMCs from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who exhibit high concentrations of dsDNA in peripheral blood. Mechanistically, knockout or inhibition of RNF115 impair the oligomerization and Golgi localization of STING in various types of cells transfected with cGAMP and in organs and cells from Trex1-/- mice. Interestingly, knockout of RNF115 inhibits the activation and Golgi localization of STINGN153S as well as the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells but not in endothelial cells or fibroblasts. Taken together, these findings highlight the RNF115-mediated cell type-specific regulation of STING and STINGN153S and provide potential targeted intervention strategies for STING-related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chang-Rui Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fang-Xu Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hu Gan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xin Shuai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tian-Chen Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Bo Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center of Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Department of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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22
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Chen K, Zhang J, Meng L, Kong L, Lu M, Wang Z, Wang W. The epigenetic downregulation of LncGHRLOS mediated by RNA m6A methylase ZCCHC4 promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:44. [PMID: 38326863 PMCID: PMC10848513 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND m6A modification is currently recognized as a major driver of RNA function that maintains cancer cell homeostasis. Long non-coding (Lnc) RNAs control cell proliferation and play an important role in the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). ZCCHC4 is a newly discovered m6A methyltransferase whose role and mechanism in tumors have not yet been elucidated. METHODS The EpiQuik m6A RNA methylation kit was used to detect the level of total RNA m6A in six types of digestive tract tumors. The Kaplan-Meier method and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic value of the newly discovered m6A methyltransferase, ZCCHC4, in CRC. The effects on CRC growth in vitro and in vivo were studied using gain- and loss-of-function experiments. The epigenetic mechanisms underlying ZCCHC4 upregulation in CRC were studied using RIP, MeRIP-seq, RNA pull-down, and animal experiments. RESULTS We reported that the ZCCHC4-LncRNAGHRLOS-KDM5D axis regulates the growth of CRC in vitro and in vivo. We found that ZCCHC4 was upregulated in primary CRC samples and could predict adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CRC. Mechanistically, ZCCHC4 downregulated LncRNAGHRLOS to promote CRC tumorigenesis. As a downstream molecule of LncRNAGHRLOS, KDM5D directly controls CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the ZCCHC4 axis contributes to the tumorigenesis and progression of CRC and that ZCCHC4 may be a potential biomarker for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Vascular Surgery Department, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lei Meng
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingshang Kong
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Lu
- General Surgery Department, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Wenbin Wang
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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23
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Liu Y, Wang S, Wei S, Qiu X, Mei Y, Yan L. The promotive role of lncRNA MIR205HG in proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells via the JMJD2C/ALKBH5 axis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290986. [PMID: 38252669 PMCID: PMC10802967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer. This study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA MIR205 host gene (lncRNA MIR205HG) in proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells via jumonji domain containing 2C (JMJD2C) and ALKB homolog 5 (ALKBH5). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction or Western blot assay showed that MIR205HG, JMJD2C, and ALKBH5 were increased in melanoma cell lines. Cell counting kit-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays showed that silencing MIR205HG inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells. RNA immunoprecipitation, actinomycin D treatment, and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that MIR205HG may bind to human antigen R (HuR, ELAVL1) and stabilized JMJD2C expression, and JMJD2C may increase the enrichment of H3K9me3 in the ALKBH5 promotor region to promote ALKBH5 transcription. The tumor xenograft assay based on subcutaneous injection of sh-MIR205HG-treated melanoma cells showed that silencing MIR205HG suppressed tumor growth and reduced Ki67 positive rate by inactivating the JMJD2C/ALKBH5 axis. Generally, MIR205HG facilitated proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma cells through HuR-mediated stabilization of JMJD2C and increasing ALKBH5 transcription by erasing H3K9me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suihai Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianwen Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijie Mei
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Ma Z, Sugimura R, Lui KO. The role of m6A mRNA modification in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:100-115. [PMID: 37195903 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly orchestrated biological process sustaining the supply of leukocytes involved in the maintenance of immunity, O2 and CO2 exchange, and wound healing throughout the lifetime of an animal, including humans. During early hematopoietic cell development, several waves of hematopoiesis require the precise regulation of hematopoietic ontogeny as well as the maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the hematopoietic tissues, such as the fetal liver and bone marrow. Recently, emerging evidence has suggested the critical role of m6A messenger RNA (mRNA) modification, an epigenetic modification dynamically regulated by its effector proteins, in the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic cells during embryogenesis. In the adulthood, m6A has also been demonstrated to be involved in the functional maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the bone marrow and umbilical cord blood, as well as the progression of malignant hematopoiesis. In this review, we focus on recent progress in identifying the biological functions of m6A mRNA modification, its regulators, and downstream gene targets during normal and pathological hematopoiesis. We propose that targeting m6A mRNA modification could offer novel insights into therapeutic development against abnormal and malignant hematopoietic cell development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjing Ma
- Department of Chemical Pathology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rio Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy O Lui
- Department of Chemical Pathology, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Zhang Z, Zhou K, Han L, Small A, Xue J, Huang H, Weng H, Su R, Tan B, Shen C, Li W, Zhao Z, Qing Y, Qin X, Wang K, Leung K, Boldin M, Chen CW, Ann D, Qian Z, Deng X, Chen J, Chen Z. RNA m 6A reader YTHDF2 facilitates precursor miR-126 maturation to promote acute myeloid leukemia progression. Genes Dis 2024; 11:382-396. [PMID: 37588203 PMCID: PMC10425806 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most common internal modification of mRNA, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and its regulators modulate gene expression and play critical roles in various biological and pathological processes including tumorigenesis. It was reported previously that m6A methyltransferase (writer), methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) adds m6A in primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and facilitates its processing into precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs). However, it is unknown whether m6A modification also plays a role in the maturation process of pre-miRNAs and (if so) whether such a function contributes to tumorigenesis. Here, we found that YTHDF2 is aberrantly overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, especially in relapsed patients, and plays an oncogenic role in AML. Moreover, YTHDF2 promotes expression of miR-126-3p (also known as miR-126, as it is the main product of precursor miR-126 (pre-miR-126)), a miRNA that was reported as an oncomiRNA in AML, through facilitating the processing of pre-miR-126 into mature miR-126. Mechanistically, YTHDF2 recognizes m6A modification in pre-miR-126 and recruits AGO2, a regulator of pre-miRNA processing, to promote the maturation of pre-miR-126. YTHDF2 positively and negatively correlates with miR-126 and miR-126's downstream target genes, respectively, in AML patients, and forced expression of miR-126 could largely rescue YTHDF2/Ythdf2 depletion-mediated suppression on AML cell growth/proliferation and leukemogenesis, indicating that miR-126 is a functionally important target of YTHDF2 in AML. Overall, our studies not only reveal a previously unappreciated YTHDF2/miR-126 axis in AML and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting this axis for AML treatment, but also suggest that m6A plays a role in pre-miRNA processing that contributes to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Li Han
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Andrew Small
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jianhuang Xue
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huilin Huang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Hengyou Weng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510005, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51005, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Brandon Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Keith Leung
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Mark Boldin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - David Ann
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhijian Qian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
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26
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Chen Z, Guo Q, Huang S, Li L, Wu F, Liu Z, Li Z, Chen T, Song G, Xu S, Chen J, Hou Y. Overcoming adaptive resistance in AML by synergistically targeting FOXO3A-GNG7-mTOR axis with FOXO3A inhibitor Gardenoside and rapamycin. Genes Dis 2024; 11:397-412. [PMID: 37588187 PMCID: PMC10425752 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic targeting FOXO3A (a forkhead transcription factor) represents a promising strategy to suppress acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the effective inhibitors that target FOXO3A are lacking and the adaptive response signaling weakens the cytotoxic effect of FOXO3A depletion on AML cells. Here, we show that FOXO3A deficiency induces a compensatory response involved in the reactive activation of mTOR that leads to signaling rebound and adaptive resistance. Mitochondrial metabolism acts downstream of mTOR to provoke activation of JNK/c-JUN via reactive oxygen species (ROS). At the molecular level, FOXO3A directly binds to the promoter of G protein gamma subunit 7 (GNG7) and preserves its expression, while GNG7 interacts with mTOR and restricts phosphorylated activation of mTOR. Consequently, combinatorial inhibition of FOXO3A and mTOR show a synergistic cytotoxic effect on AML cells and prolongs survival in a mouse model of AML. Through a structure-based virtual screening, we report one potent small-molecule FOXO3A inhibitor (Gardenoside) that exhibits a strong effect of anti-FOXO3A DNA binding. Gardenoside synergizes with rapamycin to substantially reduce tumor burden and extend survival in AML patient-derived xenograft model. These results demonstrate that mTOR can mediate adaptive resistance to FOXO3A inhibition and validate a combinatorial approach for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shichen Huang
- Chongqing Foreign Language School, Chongqing 400039, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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27
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Manesia JK, Maganti HB, Almoflehi S, Jahan S, Hasan T, Pasha R, McGregor C, Dumont N, Laganière J, Audet J, Pineault N. AA2P-mediated DNA demethylation synergizes with stem cell agonists to promote expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100663. [PMID: 38070507 PMCID: PMC10783628 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules have enabled expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), but limited knowledge is available on whether these agonists can act synergistically. In this work, we identify a stem cell agonist in AA2P and optimize a series of stem cell agonist cocktails (SCACs) to help promote robust expansion of human HSPCs. We find that SCACs provide strong growth-promoting activities while promoting retention and function of immature HSPC. We show that AA2P-mediated HSPC expansion is driven through DNA demethylation leading to enhanced expression of AXL and GAS6. Further, we demonstrate that GAS6 enhances the serial engraftment activity of HSPCs and show that the GAS6/AXL pathway is critical for robust HSPC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed K Manesia
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Harinad B Maganti
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sakhar Almoflehi
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Suria Jahan
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tanvir Hasan
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roya Pasha
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chelsea McGregor
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Julie Audet
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Canadian Blood Services, Centre for Innovation, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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28
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Luo H, Cortés-López M, Tam CL, Xiao M, Wakiro I, Chu KL, Pierson A, Chan M, Chang K, Yang X, Fecko D, Han G, Ahn EYE, Morris QD, Landau DA, Kharas MG. SON is an essential m 6A target for hematopoietic stem cell fate. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1658-1673.e10. [PMID: 38065069 PMCID: PMC10752439 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells regulate their self-renewal and differentiation fate outcomes through both symmetric and asymmetric divisions. m6A RNA methylation controls symmetric commitment and inflammation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through unknown mechanisms. Here, we demonstrate that the nuclear speckle protein SON is an essential m6A target required for murine HSC self-renewal, symmetric commitment, and inflammation control. Global profiling of m6A identified that m6A mRNA methylation of Son increases during HSC commitment. Upon m6A depletion, Son mRNA increases, but its protein is depleted. Reintroduction of SON rescues defects in HSC symmetric commitment divisions and engraftment. Conversely, Son deletion results in a loss of HSC fitness, while overexpression of SON improves mouse and human HSC engraftment potential by increasing quiescence. Mechanistically, we found that SON rescues MYC and suppresses the METTL3-HSC inflammatory gene expression program, including CCL5, through transcriptional regulation. Thus, our findings define a m6A-SON-CCL5 axis that controls inflammation and HSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Luo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariela Cortés-López
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cyrus L Tam
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isaac Wakiro
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen L Chu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aspen Pierson
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mandy Chan
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Chang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Fecko
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Han
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eun-Young Erin Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Quaid D Morris
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan A Landau
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA; Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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29
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Murphy LA, Winters AC. Emerging and Future Targeted Therapies for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Targeting the Leukemia Stem Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3248. [PMID: 38137469 PMCID: PMC10741170 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare subtype of acute leukemia in the pediatric and adolescent population but causes disproportionate morbidity and mortality in this age group. Standard chemotherapeutic regimens for AML have changed very little in the past 3-4 decades, but the addition of targeted agents in recent years has led to improved survival in select subsets of patients as well as a better biological understanding of the disease. Currently, one key paradigm of bench-to-bedside practice in the context of adult AML is the focus on leukemia stem cell (LSC)-targeted therapies. Here, we review current and emerging immunotherapies and other targeted agents that are in clinical use for pediatric AML through the lens of what is known (and not known) about their LSC-targeting capability. Based on a growing understanding of pediatric LSC biology, we also briefly discuss potential future agents on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Amanda C. Winters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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30
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Huang Y, Xia W, Dong Z, Yang CG. Chemical Inhibitors Targeting the Oncogenic m 6A Modifying Proteins. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3010-3022. [PMID: 37889223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics is brought to RNA, introducing a new dimension to gene expression regulation. Among numerous RNA modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant internal modification on eukaryote mRNA first identified in the 1970s. However, the significance of m6A modification in mRNA had been long neglected until the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) enzyme was identified as the first m6A demethylase almost 40 years later. The m6A modification influences nearly every step of RNA metabolism and thus broadly affects gene expression at multiple levels, playing a critical role in many biological processes, including cancer progression, metastasis, and immune evasion. The m6A level is dynamically regulated by RNA epigenetic machinery comprising methyltransferases such as methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3), demethylases FTO and AlkB human homologue 5 (ALKBH5), and multiple reader proteins. The understanding of the biology of RNA epigenetics and its translational drug discovery is still in its infancy. It is essential to further develop chemical probes and lead compounds for an in-depth investigation into m6A biology and the translational discovery of anticancer drugs targeting m6A modifying oncogenic proteins.In this Account, we present our work on the development of chemical inhibitors to regulate m6A in mRNA by targeting the FTO demethylase, and the elucidation of their mode of action. We reported rhein to be the first substrate competitive FTO inhibitor. Due to rhein's poor selectivity, we identified meclofenamic acid (MA) that selectively inhibits FTO compared with ALKBH5. Based on the structural complex of MA bound with FTO, we designed MA analogs FB23-2 and Dac51, which exhibit significantly improved activities compared with MA. For example, FB23-2 is specific to FTO inhibition in vitro among over 400 other oncogenic proteins, including kinases, proteases, and DNA and histone epigenetic proteins. Mimicking FTO depletion, FB23-2 promotes the differentiation/apoptosis of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and inhibits the progression of primary cells in xenotransplanted mice. Dac51 treatment impairs the glycolytic activity of tumor cells and restores the function of CD8+ T cells, thereby inhibiting the growth of solid tumors in vivo. These FTO inhibitors were and will continue to be used as probes to promote biological studies of m6A modification and as lead compounds to target FTO in anticancer drug discovery.Toward the end, we also include a brief review of ALKBH5 demethylase inhibitors and METTL3 methyltransferase modulators. Collectively, these small-molecule modulators that selectively target RNA epigenetic proteins will promote in-depth studies on the regulation of gene expression and potentially accelerate anticancer target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenyang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ze Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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31
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Zhang J, Liu T, Wang Y, Yan X, Li Y, Xu F, Zhang R. Dynamic alterations of the transcriptome-wide m 6A methylome in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia during initial diagnosis and relapse. Genomics 2023; 115:110725. [PMID: 37820824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have indicated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, little is known about the m6A methylome at a transcriptome-wide scale in AML patients. We obtained three pairs of bone marrow (BM) samples from cytogenetically normal AML patients at the timepoints of diagnosis (AML) and relapse (R_AML) and three BM samples from healthy donors used as normal controls (NCs). Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation next-generation sequencing (MeRIP-Seq) was conducted to identify differences in the m6A methylomes between AML and NC and between R_AML and AML. We identified a total of 11,076 and 11,962 differential m6A peaks in AML and R_AML group, respectively. These dysregulated m6A peaks were detected on all chromosomes, especially chr1, chr19 and chr17, and were mainly enriched in 3' untranslated regions, stop codon and coding sequence regions. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses indicated that m6A -modified genes were significantly enriched in cancer-related biological functions and pathways. Additionally, we identified a link between the m6A methylome and RNA transcriptome via combined analyses of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq data. In addition, 5 genes, HSPG2, HOMER3, TSPO2, CXCL12 and FUT1 regulated by m6A modification potentially, were shown to be related to the prognosis of AML patients. Additionally, we detected the mRNA expression of major m6A regulators and potential target mRNA on the leukemogenesis and found that the expression of IGF2BP2, HSPG2 and HOMER3 were upregulated in AML at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, their expression became downregulated after remission and then elevated again at relapse. Our study provides the first data on the differential m6A methylome in AML patients during initial diagnosis and relapse. This study demonstrates a novel relationship between m6A modification and AML relapse and paves the way for further studies aimed at elucidating the epigenic mechanisms involved in the relapse of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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32
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Gao Y, Zimmer JT, Vasic R, Liu C, Gbyli R, Zheng SJ, Patel A, Liu W, Qi Z, Li Y, Nelakanti R, Song Y, Biancon G, Xiao AZ, Slavoff S, Kibbey RG, Flavell RA, Simon MD, Tebaldi T, Li HB, Halene S. ALKBH5 modulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell energy metabolism through m 6A modification-mediated RNA stability control. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113163. [PMID: 37742191 PMCID: PMC10636609 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification controls numerous cellular processes. To what extent these post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play a role in hematopoiesis has not been fully elucidated. We here show that the m6A demethylase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) controls mitochondrial ATP production and modulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fitness in an m6A-dependent manner. Loss of ALKBH5 results in increased RNA methylation and instability of oxoglutarate-dehydrogenase (Ogdh) messenger RNA and reduction of OGDH protein levels. Limited OGDH availability slows the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with accumulation of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and conversion of α-KG into L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2-HG). L-2-HG inhibits energy production in both murine and human hematopoietic cells in vitro. Impaired mitochondrial energy production confers competitive disadvantage to HSPCs and limits clonogenicity of Mll-AF9-induced leukemia. Our study uncovers a mechanism whereby the RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5 regulates the stability of metabolic enzyme transcripts, thereby controlling energy metabolism in hematopoiesis and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Gao
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Joshua T Zimmer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Radovan Vasic
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3H2, Canada
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rana Gbyli
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shu-Jian Zheng
- Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Amisha Patel
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhihong Qi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yaping Li
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Raman Nelakanti
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Giulia Biancon
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Andrew Z Xiao
- Department of Genetics and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sarah Slavoff
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew D Simon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Toma Tebaldi
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, and Yale Center for RNA Science and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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33
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Wang K, Gong Z, Chen Y, Zhang M, Wang S, Yao S, Liu Z, Huang Z, Fei B. KDM4C-mediated senescence defense is a targetable vulnerability in gastric cancer harboring TP53 mutations. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:163. [PMID: 37848946 PMCID: PMC10583429 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer patients harboring a TP53 mutation exhibit a more aggressive and chemoresistant phenotype. Unfortunately, efforts to identify the vulnerabilities to overcome these aggressive malignancies have made minimal progress in recent years. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the novel therapeutic strategies for this subclass. Histone methylation modulators are critical epigenetic targets for cancer therapies that help maintain the malignancies of cancers harboring TP53 mutations and senescence evasion. Triggering senescence is now considered to benefit multiple cancer therapies. Furthermore, senescence-based "one-two punch" therapy was validated in clinical trials. Therefore, we hypothesized that screening epigenetic modulators might help identify a novel vulnerability to trigger senescence in gastric cancer harboring TP53 mutations. RESULTS We developed a novel efficient approach to identify senescence inducers by sequentially treating cells with drug candidates and senolytic agents. Based on this, we demonstrated that QC6352 (a selective KDM4C inhibitor) efficiently triggered cellular senescence in gastric cancer harboring TP53 mutations. More importantly, the "one-two punch' therapy consisting of QC6352 and SSK1 eliminates tumor cells harboring TP53 mutations. This finding highlights a potential therapeutic strategy for the aggressive subgroup of gastric cancer. Besides, the functions of QC6352 were totally unknown. We demonstrated that QC6352 might possess far more powerful anti-tumor capacities compared to the traditional genotoxic drugs, 5-Fu and Oxaliplatin. CONCLUSIONS This initial investigation to identify a senescence inducer revealed that QC6352 triggers senescence in gastric cancer cells harboring TP53 mutations by regulating the SP1/CDK2 axis through suppressing KDM4C. QC6352 and senolytic agent-SSK1 represent a novel 'one-two punch' therapeutic strategy for the more malignant gastric cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suzeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Surui Yao
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bojian Fei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214062, Jiangsu, China.
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Yang B, Liu Y, Xiao F, Liu Z, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhou C, Kuang M, Shu Y, Liu S, Zou L. Alkbh5 plays indispensable roles in maintaining self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230766. [PMID: 37588656 PMCID: PMC10426271 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkbh5 is one of the primary demethylases responsible for reversing N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications on mRNAs, and it plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes. Previous studies have shown that Alkbh5 is required for maintaining the function of leukemia stem cells but is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis. In this study, we found that Alkbh5 deletion led to a moderate increase in the number of multiple progenitor cell populations while compromising the long-term self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we used RNA-seq and m6A-seq strategies to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. At the molecular level, Alkbh5 may regulate hematopoiesis by reducing m6A modification of Cebpa and maintaining gene expression levels. Overall, our study unveiled an essential role for Alkbh5 in regulating HSC homeostasis and provides a reference for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijie Yang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine & Newborn Screening, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, 400014, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University,
Chongqing, China
| | - Feifei Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University,
Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University,
Chongqing, China
| | - Chengfang Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University,
Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Kuang
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine & Newborn Screening, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, 400014, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine & Newborn Screening, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, 400014, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine & Newborn Screening, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, 400014, Chongqing, PR China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing, China
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Wang P, Wang J, Yao S, Cui M, Cheng Y, Liu W, Gao Z, Hu J, Zhang J, Zhang H. Deubiquitinase USP9X stabilizes RNA m 6A demethylase ALKBH5 and promotes acute myeloid leukemia cell survival. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105055. [PMID: 37454738 PMCID: PMC10424212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications including protein ubiquitination regulate a plethora of cellular processes in distinct manners. RNA N6-methyladenosine is the most abundant post-transcriptional modification on mammalian mRNAs and plays important roles in various physiological and pathological conditions including hematologic malignancies. We previously determined that the RNA N6-methyladenosine eraser ALKBH5 is necessary for the maintenance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cell function, but the post-translational modifications involved in ALKBH5 regulation remain elusive. Here, we show that deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9X (USP9X) stabilizes ALKBH5 and promotes AML cell survival. Through the use of mass spectrometry as an unbiased approach, we identify USP9X and confirm that it directly binds to ALKBH5. USP9X stabilizes ALKBH5 by removing the K48-linked polyubiquitin chain at K57. Using human myeloid leukemia cells and a murine AML model, we find that genetic knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition of USP9X inhibits leukemia cell proliferation, induces apoptosis, and delays AML development. Ectopic expression of ALKBH5 partially mediates the function of USP9X in AML. Overall, this study uncovers deubiquitinase USP9X as a key for stabilizing ALKBH5 expression and reveals the important role of USP9X in AML, which provides a promising therapeutic strategy for AML treatment in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxin Yao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manman Cui
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuying Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Deng X, Qing Y, Horne D, Huang H, Chen J. The roles and implications of RNA m 6A modification in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:507-526. [PMID: 37221357 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, has been extensively and increasingly studied over the past decade. Dysregulation of RNA m6A modification and its associated machinery, including writers, erasers and readers, is frequently observed in various cancer types, and the dysregulation profiles might serve as diagnostic, prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers. Dysregulated m6A modifiers have been shown to function as oncoproteins or tumour suppressors with essential roles in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, metabolism, therapy resistance and immune evasion as well as in cancer stem cell self-renewal and the tumour microenvironment, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting the dysregulated m6A machinery for cancer treatment. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which m6A modifiers determine the fate of target RNAs and thereby influence protein expression, molecular pathways and cell phenotypes. We also describe the state-of-the-art methodologies for mapping global m6A epitranscriptomes in cancer. We further summarize discoveries regarding the dysregulation of m6A modifiers and modifications in cancer, their pathological roles, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Finally, we discuss m6A-related prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers in cancer as well as the development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting oncogenic m6A modifiers and their activity in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - David Horne
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Huilin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research & City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Liang Y, Wang H, Wu B, Peng N, Yu D, Wu X, Zhong X. The emerging role of N 6-methyladenine RNA methylation in metal ion metabolism and metal-induced carcinogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121897. [PMID: 37244530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most common and abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, which can regulate gene expression and perform important biological tasks. Metal ions participate in nucleotide biosynthesis and repair, signal transduction, energy generation, immune defense, and other important metabolic processes. However, long-term environmental and occupational exposure to metals through food, air, soil, water, and industry can result in toxicity, serious health problems, and cancer. Recent evidence indicates dynamic and reversible m6A modification modulates various metal ion metabolism, such as iron absorption, calcium uptake and transport. In turn, environmental heavy metal can alter m6A modification by directly affecting catalytic activity and expression level of methyltransferases and demethylases, or through reactive oxygen species, eventually disrupting normal biological function and leading to diseases. Therefore, m6A RNA methylation may play a bridging role in heavy metal pollution-induced carcinogenesis. This review discusses interaction among heavy metal, m6A, and metal ions metabolism, and their regulatory mechanism, focuses on the role of m6A methylation and heavy metal pollution in cancer. Finally, the role of nutritional therapy that targeting m6A methylation to prevent metal ion metabolism disorder-induced cancer is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bencheng Wu
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., LTD., Taicang, 215437, China
| | - Ning Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dongming Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zong G, Wang X, Guo X, Zhao Q, Wang C, Shen S, Xiao W, Yang Q, Jiang W, Shen J, Wan R. NAT10-mediated AXL mRNA N4-acetylcytidine modification promotes pancreatic carcinoma progression. Exp Cell Res 2023; 428:113620. [PMID: 37156457 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the patient's survival time in various cancers has significantly increased in recent decades, the overall 5-year survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has remained virtually unchanged due to rapid progression and metastasis. While N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) has been identified as a regulator of mRNA acetylation in many malignancies, its role in PDAC remains unclear. Here, we found that NAT10 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in PDAC tissues. Increased NAT10 protein expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Through our experiments, we demonstrated that NAT10 acted as an oncogene to promote PDAC tumorigenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NAT10 exerts its oncogenic effects by promoting mRNA stability of receptor tyrosine kinase AXL in an ac4C-dependent manner leading to increased AXL expression and further promoting PDAC cell proliferation and metastasis. Together, our findings highlight the critical of NAT10 in PDAC progression and reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism by which modified mRNA acetylation promotes PDAC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanzhao Zong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi Medical College, China
| | - Xingya Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanyang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shien Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Vujovic A, de Rooij L, Chahi AK, Chen HT, Yee BA, Loganathan SK, Liu L, Chan DC, Tajik A, Tsao E, Moreira S, Joshi P, Xu J, Wong N, Balde Z, Jahangiri S, Zandi S, Aigner S, Dick JE, Minden MD, Schramek D, Yeo GW, Hope KJ. In Vivo Screening Unveils Pervasive RNA-Binding Protein Dependencies in Leukemic Stem Cells and Identifies ELAVL1 as a Therapeutic Target. Blood Cancer Discov 2023; 4:180-207. [PMID: 36763002 PMCID: PMC10150294 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-22-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is fueled by leukemic stem cells (LSC) whose determinants are challenging to discern from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or uncover by approaches focused on general cell properties. We have identified a set of RNA-binding proteins (RBP) selectively enriched in human AML LSCs. Using an in vivo two-step CRISPR-Cas9 screen to assay stem cell functionality, we found 32 RBPs essential for LSCs in MLL-AF9;NrasG12D AML. Loss-of-function approaches targeting key hit RBP ELAVL1 compromised LSC-driven in vivo leukemic reconstitution, and selectively depleted primitive malignant versus healthy cells. Integrative multiomics revealed differentiation, splicing, and mitochondrial metabolism as key features defining the leukemic ELAVL1-mRNA interactome with mitochondrial import protein, TOMM34, being a direct ELAVL1-stabilized target whose repression impairs AML propagation. Altogether, using a stem cell-adapted in vivo CRISPR screen, this work demonstrates pervasive reliance on RBPs as regulators of LSCs and highlights their potential as therapeutic targets in AML. SIGNIFICANCE LSC-targeted therapies remain a significant unmet need in AML. We developed a stem-cell-adapted in vivo CRISPR screen to identify key LSC drivers. We uncover widespread RNA-binding protein dependencies in LSCs, including ELAVL1, which we identify as a novel therapeutic vulnerability through its regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vujovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura de Rooij
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - He Tian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Brian A. Yee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sampath K. Loganathan
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Derek C.H. Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Amanda Tajik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Emily Tsao
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven Moreira
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pratik Joshi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joshua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Nicholas Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zaldy Balde
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Soheil Jahangiri
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sasan Zandi
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John E. Dick
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark D. Minden
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kristin J. Hope
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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40
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Guo C, Liu Z, Zhang H. DNA 6mA demethylase ALKBH1 regulates DDX18 expression to promote proliferation of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00800-1. [PMID: 36976498 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Currently, surgical resection plus a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the standard treatment for HNSCC, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with HNSCC remains very low because of the higher incidence of metastasis with consequent recurrence. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential role of DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) demethylase ALKBH1 in tumor cell proliferation in HNSCC. METHODS The expression of ALKBH1 in 10 pairs of HNSCC/normal tissues and 3 HNSCC cell lines were measured by qRT‒PCR and western blotting. Colony formation, flow cytometry, patient-derived HNSCC organoid assays were used to assess the role of ALKBH1 in HNSCC cell proliferation in cell lines and human HNSCC patients. MeDIP-seq, RNA sequencing, Dot blotting and western blotting were used to evaluate the regulatory effect of ALKBH1 on the expression of DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX18. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to assess the putative effect of DNA 6mA levels on DDX18 transcription. RESULTS ALKBH1 was highly expressed in HNSCC cells and patient tissues. Functional experiments revealed that ALKBH1 knockdown in SCC9, SCC25, and CAL27 cells inhibited their proliferation in vitro. Using patient-derived HNSCC organoid assay, we found that knockdown of ALKBH1 inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of HNSCC patients-derived organoids. Moreover, we found that ALKBH1 can enhance DDX18 expression by erasing DNA 6mA level and regulating its promoter activity. ALKBH1 deficiency blocked tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting DDX18 expression. Exogenous overexpression of DDX18 rescued the cell proliferation arrest caused by ALKBH1 knockdown. CONCLUSION Our data reveal the important role of ALKBH1 in regulating proliferation of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.185, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Haojian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, No.185, East Lake Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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Hao L, Zhang J, Liu Z, Lin X, Guo J. Epitranscriptomics in the development, functions, and disorders of cancer stem cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1145766. [PMID: 37007137 PMCID: PMC10063963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1145766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular modifications play an important role in the development of life, and previous studies have investigated the role of DNA and proteins. In the last decade, with the development of sequencing technology, the veil of epitranscriptomics has been gradually lifted. Transcriptomics focuses on RNA modifications that affect gene expression at the transcriptional level. With further research, scientists have found that changes in RNA modification proteins are closely linked to cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered powerful drivers of tumorigenesis and key factors for therapeutic resistance. In this article, we focus on describing RNA modifications associated with CSCs and summarize the associated research progress. The aim of this review is to identify new directions for cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Hao
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Guo,
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Li Q, Zhu Q. The role of demethylase AlkB homologs in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1153463. [PMID: 37007161 PMCID: PMC10060643 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1153463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The AlkB family (ALKBH1-8 and FTO), a member of the Fe (II)- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily, has shown the ability to catalyze the demethylation of a variety of substrates, including DNA, RNA, and histones. Methylation is one of the natural organisms’ most prevalent forms of epigenetic modifications. Methylation and demethylation processes on genetic material regulate gene transcription and expression. A wide variety of enzymes are involved in these processes. The methylation levels of DNA, RNA, and histones are highly conserved. Stable methylation levels at different stages can coordinate the regulation of gene expression, DNA repair, and DNA replication. Dynamic methylation changes are essential for the abilities of cell growth, differentiation, and division. In some malignancies, the methylation of DNA, RNA, and histones is frequently altered. To date, nine AlkB homologs as demethylases have been identified in numerous cancers’ biological processes. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the research of the structures, enzymatic activities, and substrates of the AlkB homologs and the role of these nine homologs as demethylases in cancer genesis, progression, metastasis, and invasion. We provide some new directions for the AlkB homologs in cancer research. In addition, the AlkB family is expected to be a new target for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qingsan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Qingsan Zhu,
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Li R, Wu X, Xue K, Feng D, Li J, Li J. RNA demethylase ALKBH5 promotes tumorigenesis of t (8;21) acute myeloid leukemia via ITPA m6A modification. Biomark Res 2023; 11:30. [PMID: 36899424 PMCID: PMC10007764 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although t (8;21) is in fact considered a good risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), only 60% of the patients live beyond 5 years after diagnosis. Studies have shown that RNA demethylase ALKBH5 promotes leukemogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of ALKBH5 in t (8;21) AML have not been elucidated. METHODS The expression of ALKBH5 was assessed in t (8;21) AML patients via qRT-PCR and western blot. The proliferative activity of these cells was examined through CCK-8 or colony-forming assays, while flow cytometry approaches were used to examine apoptotic cell rates. The in vivo role of ALKBH5 promoting leukemogenesis was assessed using t (8;21) murine model, CDX, and PDX models. RNA sequencing, m6A RNA methylation assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the molecular mechanism of ALKBH5 in t (8;21) AML. RESULTS ALKBH5 is highly expressed in t (8;21) AML patients. Silencing ALKBH5 suppresses the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of patient-derived AML cells and Kasumi-1 cells. With integrated transcriptome analysis and wet-lab confirmation, we found that ITPA is a functionally important target of ALKBH5. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 demethylates ITPA mRNA and increases its mRNA stability, leading to enhanced ITPA expression. Furthermore, transcription factor TCF15, specifically expressed in leukemia stem/initiating cells (LSCs/LICs), is responsible for the dysregulated expression of ALKBH5 in t (8;21) AML. CONCLUSION Our work uncovers a critical function for the TCF15/ALKBH5/ITPA axis and provides insights into the vital roles of m6A methylation in t (8;21) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolu Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Junmin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Cieśla M, Ngoc PCT, Muthukumar S, Todisco G, Madej M, Fritz H, Dimitriou M, Incarnato D, Hellström-Lindberg E, Bellodi C. m 6A-driven SF3B1 translation control steers splicing to direct genome integrity and leukemogenesis. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1165-1179.e11. [PMID: 36944332 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
SF3B1 is the most mutated splicing factor (SF) in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), which are clonal hematopoietic disorders with variable risk of leukemic transformation. Although tumorigenic SF3B1 mutations have been extensively characterized, the role of "non-mutated" wild-type SF3B1 in cancer remains largely unresolved. Here, we identify a conserved epitranscriptomic program that steers SF3B1 levels to counteract leukemogenesis. Our analysis of human and murine pre-leukemic MDS cells reveals dynamic regulation of SF3B1 protein abundance, which affects MDS-to-leukemia progression in vivo. Mechanistically, ALKBH5-driven 5' UTR m6A demethylation fine-tunes SF3B1 translation directing splicing of central DNA repair and epigenetic regulators during transformation. This impacts genome stability and leukemia progression in vivo, supporting an integrative analysis in humans that SF3B1 molecular signatures may predict mutational variability and poor prognosis. These findings highlight a post-transcriptional gene expression nexus that unveils unanticipated SF3B1-dependent cancer vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Cieśla
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sowndarya Muthukumar
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Todisco
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Madej
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Fritz
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marios Dimitriou
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danny Incarnato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Hellström-Lindberg
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cristian Bellodi
- Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
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Chen Y, Zhou P, Deng Y, Cai X, Sun M, Sun Y, Wu D. ALKBH5-mediated m 6 A demethylation of TIRAP mRNA promotes radiation-induced liver fibrosis and decreases radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1198. [PMID: 36792369 PMCID: PMC9931500 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation promotes radiation-induced liver fibrosis (RILF), a complication for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) radiotherapy. The demethylase alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) decreases N6-methyladenylate methylation (m6 A) modification of RNA, while its role in regulating RILF pathogenesis and HCC radiosensitivity remains unknown. METHODS Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to screen target genes regulated by ALKBH5. HSC with altered ALKBH5 expression was used to assess irradiation-induced HSC activation and the effect of HSC on recruitment and polarisation of monocytes. Key cytokines in medium from irradiated HSC-educated monocytes were identified by cytokine array detection. The effects of blocking ALKBH5 and key cytokines on RILF and HCC radiosensitivity were also evaluated. RESULTS Radiation-induced ALKBH5 expression in HSC mediated m6 A demethylation of toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) mRNA and activated its downstream NF-κB and JNK/Smad2 pathways to promote HSC activation. Additionally, ALKBH5 regulated CCL5 secretion by irradiated HSC to promote monocyte recruitment and M2 macrophage polarisation. Notably, polarised monocytes secreted CCL20 to up-regulate ALKBH5 expression in HSC, and reduce HCC radiosensitivity by activating ALKBH5/TIRAP axis in HCC cells. ALKBH5 knockdown-combined CCR6 (CCL20 receptor) inhibitor significantly alleviated RILF and improved HCC radiosensitivity in mice. HCC patients with high ALKBH5 and TIRAP expression were prone to radiation-induced liver injury and poor tumour response to radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, irradiation up-regulates ALKBH5 in HSC to mediate monocyte recruitment and M2 polarisation and form positive feedback to promote RILF and reduce HCC radiosensitivity. The dual roles of ALKBH5 as a microenvironmental regulator and radiosensitisation target provide new ideas for RILF prevention and radiosensitisation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Department of Radiation OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Peitao Zhou
- Department of Radiation OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yixun Deng
- The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinni Cai
- The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingrui Sun
- The First School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yining Sun
- Department of Radiation OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Dehua Wu
- Department of Radiation OncologyNanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Ji T, Gao X, Li D, Huai S, Chi Y, An X, Ji W, Yang S, Li J. Identification and validation of signature for prognosis and immune microenvironment in gastric cancer based on m6A demethylase ALKBH5. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1079402. [PMID: 36686788 PMCID: PMC9853004 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1079402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA regulators play important roles in cancers, but their functions and mechanism have not been demonstrated clearly in gastric cancer (GC). Methods In this study, the GC samples with clinical information and RNA transcriptome were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The different expression genes were compared by the absolute value and median ± standard deviation. Samples with complete information were randomly divided into a training dataset and a test dataset. The differential expression genes (DEGs) between ALKBH5-low and ALKBH5-high subgroups were identified in the training dataset and constructed a risk model by Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The model was testified in test datasets, overall survival (OS) was compared with the Kaplan-Meier method, and immune cell infiltration was calculated by the CIBERSORT algorithm in the low-risk and high-risk subgroups based on the model. The protein levels of ALKBH5 were detected with immunohistochemistry. The relative expression of messenger-ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was detected with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results ALKBH5 was the only regulator whose expression was lower in tumor samples than that in normal samples. The low expression of ALKBH5 led to the poor OS of GC patients and seemed to be an independent protective factor. The model based on ALKBH5-regulated genes was validated in both datasets (training/test) and displayed a potential capacity to predict a clinical prognosis. Gene Ontology analysis implied that the DEGs were involved in the immune response; CIBERSORT results indicated that ALKBH5 and its related genes could alter the immune microenvironment of GC. The protein levels of ALKBH5 were verified as lowly expressed in GC tissues. SLC7A2 and CGB3 were downregulated with ALKBH5 knockdown. Conclusions In this study, we found that ALKBH5 might be a suppressor of GC; ALKBH5 and its related genes were latent biomarkers and immunotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan Ji
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China,Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Huai
- Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Chi
- Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xian An
- Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Ji
- Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,Department of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Siming Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Senior Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jianxiong Li,
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Han L, Dong L, Leung K, Zhao Z, Li Y, Gao L, Chen Z, Xue J, Qing Y, Li W, Pokharel SP, Gao M, Chen M, Shen C, Tan B, Small A, Wang K, Zhang Z, Qin X, Yang L, Wunderlich M, Zhang B, Mulloy JC, Marcucci G, Chen CW, Wei M, Su R, Chen J, Deng X. METTL16 drives leukemogenesis and leukemia stem cell self-renewal by reprogramming BCAA metabolism. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:52-68.e13. [PMID: 36608679 PMCID: PMC9838187 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in mammalian mRNAs, is involved in many pathological processes. METTL16 is a recently identified m6A methyltransferase. However, its role in leukemia has yet to be investigated. Here, we show that METTL16 is a highly essential gene for the survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells via CRISPR-Cas9 screening and experimental validation. METTL16 is aberrantly overexpressed in human AML cells, especially in leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Genetic depletion of METTL16 dramatically suppresses AML initiation/development and maintenance and significantly attenuates LSC/LIC self-renewal, while moderately influencing normal hematopoiesis in mice. Mechanistically, METTL16 exerts its oncogenic role by promoting expression of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) transaminase 1 (BCAT1) and BCAT2 in an m6A-dependent manner and reprogramming BCAA metabolism in AML. Collectively, our results characterize the METTL16/m6A/BCAT1-2/BCAA axis in leukemogenesis and highlight the essential role of METTL16-mediated m6A epitranscriptome and BCAA metabolism reprograming in leukemogenesis and LSC/LIC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Keith Leung
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yangchan Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jianhuang Xue
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Sheela Pangeni Pokharel
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Brandon Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Andrew Small
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.
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Cheng Y, Gao Z, Zhang T, Wang Y, Xie X, Han G, Li Y, Yin R, Chen Y, Wang P, Hu J, Zhang T, Guo C, Chai J, Wang J, Cui M, Gao K, Liu W, Yao S, Lu P, Cao Z, Zheng Y, Chang J, Liu Z, Song Q, Li W, Zhou F, Zhang H. Decoding m 6A RNA methylome identifies PRMT6-regulated lipid transport promoting AML stem cell maintenance. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:69-85.e7. [PMID: 36574771 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common chemical modification for mammalian mRNA and exhibits high dynamics in various biological processes. However, dynamics of m6A RNA methylome during leukemogenesis remains unknown. Here, we delineate a comprehensive m6A landscape during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development and identify PRMT6 as a key for maintaining AML stem cells. We observe an obvious change in m6A methylome during leukemogenesis and find that protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT6 and m6A reader IGF2BP2 maintain the function of human and murine leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PRMT6 damages AML development and LSC function. Mechanistically, IGF2BP2 stabilizes PRMT6 mRNA via m6A-mediated manner, which catalyzes H3R2me2a and suppresses lipid transporter MFSD2A expression. PRMT6 loss upregulates MFSD2A expression that increases docosahexaenoic acid levels and impairs LSC maintenance. Collectively, our findings reveal a critical role of PRMT6-MFSD2A signaling axis in AML development and provide a therapeutic strategy for targeting LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuying Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqin Xie
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqiang Han
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yashu Li
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengli Guo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihua Chai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manman Cui
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Gao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuxin Yao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengbo Lu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyan Cao
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanbing Zheng
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiwei Chang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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49
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Li Y, Tian W, Zhang H. RNA Modifications in Hematologic Malignancies. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:181-207. [PMID: 38113002 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications on macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins play important roles in almost all biological processes. The revival of RNA modification research began with the discovery of RNA modification machineries, and with the development of better techniques for characterizing and profiling these modifications at the transcriptome-wide level. Hematopoietic system is maintained by hematopoietic stem cells that possess efficient self-renewal capacity and the potential of differentiation into all lineages of blood cells, and the imbalance of this homeostasis frequently causes hematologic malignancies such as leukemia. Recent studies reveal that dysregulated RNA modifications play essential roles in hematologic malignancies. Herein, we summarize recent advances in some major RNA modifications, the detection methods, roles and mechanisms of these RNA modifications in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.185, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.185, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, No.185, East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, P. R. China.
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50
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Ma S, Barr T, Yu J. Recent Advances of RNA m 6A Modifications in Cancer Immunoediting and Immunotherapy. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:49-94. [PMID: 38112999 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, which modulates immune responses against tumors using immune-checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell transfer, has emerged as a novel and promising therapy for tumors. However, only a minority of patients demonstrate durable responses, while the majority of patients are resistant to immunotherapy. The immune system can paradoxically constrain and promote tumor development and progression. This process is referred to as cancer immunoediting. The mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy seem to be that cancer cells undergo immunoediting to evade recognition and elimination by the immune system. RNA modifications, specifically N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, have emerged as a key regulator of various post-transcriptional gene regulatory processes, such as RNA export, splicing, stability, and degradation, which play unappreciated roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune system development and cancer pathogenesis. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which RNA modifications impact the cancer immunoediting process can provide insight into the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapies and the strategies that can be used to overcome such resistance. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the background of cancer immunoediting and immunotherapy. We also review and discuss the roles and mechanisms of RNA m6A modifications in fine-tuning the innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in regulating tumor escape from immunosurveillance. Finally, we summarize the current strategies targeting m6A regulators for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubao Ma
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Tasha Barr
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
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