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Hellweg L, Pfeifer M, Tarnawski M, Thing-Teoh S, Chang L, Bergner A, Kress J, Hiblot J, Wiedmer T, Superti-Furga G, Reinhardt J, Johnsson K, Leippe P. AspSnFR: A genetically encoded biosensor for real-time monitoring of aspartate in live cells. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1529-1541.e12. [PMID: 38806058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Aspartate is crucial for nucleotide synthesis, ammonia detoxification, and maintaining redox balance via the malate-aspartate-shuttle (MAS). To disentangle these multiple roles of aspartate metabolism, tools are required that measure aspartate concentrations in real time and in live cells. We introduce AspSnFR, a genetically encoded green fluorescent biosensor for intracellular aspartate, engineered through displaying and screening biosensor libraries on mammalian cells. In live cells, AspSnFR is able to precisely and quantitatively measure cytosolic aspartate concentrations and dissect its production from glutamine. Combining high-content imaging of AspSnFR with pharmacological perturbations exposes differences in metabolic vulnerabilities of aspartate levels based on nutrient availability. Further, AspSnFR facilitates tracking of aspartate export from mitochondria through SLC25A12, the MAS' key transporter. We show that SLC25A12 is a rapidly responding and direct route to couple Ca2+ signaling with mitochondrial aspartate export. This establishes SLC25A12 as a crucial link between cellular signaling, mitochondrial respiration, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hellweg
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeifer
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Discovery Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miroslaw Tarnawski
- Protein Expression and Characterization Facility, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shao Thing-Teoh
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lena Chang
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Discovery Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bergner
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Kress
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julien Hiblot
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Reinhardt
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Discovery Science, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Leippe
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany; CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Soon JW, Manca MA, Laskowska A, Starkova J, Rohlenova K, Rohlena J. Aspartate in tumor microenvironment and beyond: Metabolic interactions and therapeutic perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167451. [PMID: 39111633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Aspartate is a proteinogenic non-essential amino acid with several essential functions in proliferating cells. It is mostly produced in a cell autonomous manner from oxalacetate via glutamate oxalacetate transaminases 1 or 2 (GOT1 or GOT2), but in some cases it can also be salvaged from the microenvironment via transporters such as SLC1A3 or by macropinocytosis. In this review we provide an overview of biosynthetic pathways that produce aspartate endogenously during proliferation. We discuss conditions that favor aspartate uptake as well as possible sources of exogenous aspartate in the microenvironment of tumors and bone marrow, where most available data have been generated. We highlight metabolic fates of aspartate, its various functions, and possible approaches to target aspartate metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wong Soon
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Antonietta Manca
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Laskowska
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
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3
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Racine L, Parmentier R, Niphadkar S, Chhun J, Martignoles JA, Delhommeau F, Laxman S, Paldi A. Metabolic adaptation pilots the differentiation of human hematopoietic cells. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402747. [PMID: 38802246 PMCID: PMC11130395 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
A continuous supply of energy is an essential prerequisite for survival and represents the highest priority for the cell. We hypothesize that cell differentiation is a process of optimization of energy flow in a changing environment through phenotypic adaptation. The mechanistic basis of this hypothesis is provided by the established link between core energy metabolism and epigenetic covalent modifications of chromatin. This theory predicts that early metabolic perturbations impact subsequent differentiation. To test this, we induced transient metabolic perturbations in undifferentiated human hematopoietic cells using pharmacological inhibitors targeting key metabolic reactions. We recorded changes in chromatin structure and gene expression, as well as phenotypic alterations by single-cell ATAC and RNA sequencing, time-lapse microscopy, and flow cytometry. Our observations suggest that these metabolic perturbations are shortly followed by alterations in chromatin structure, leading to changes in gene expression. We also show that these transient fluctuations alter the differentiation potential of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Racine
- https://ror.org/02en5vm52 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
- https://ror.org/046b3cj80 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| | - Romuald Parmentier
- https://ror.org/02en5vm52 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
- https://ror.org/046b3cj80 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| | - Shreyas Niphadkar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (DBT-inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Julie Chhun
- https://ror.org/02en5vm52 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
- https://ror.org/046b3cj80 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Alain Martignoles
- https://ror.org/02en5vm52 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| | - François Delhommeau
- https://ror.org/02en5vm52 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (DBT-inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Andras Paldi
- https://ror.org/02en5vm52 Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
- https://ror.org/046b3cj80 Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- AP-HP, SIRIC CURAMUS, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Paris, France
- OPALE Carnot Institute, Paris, France
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4
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Morganti C, Bonora M, Ito K. Metabolism and HSC fate: what NADPH is made for. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00141-7. [PMID: 39054107 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial metabolism plays a central role in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is pivotal in controlling HSC self-renewal and differentiation. Herein, we discuss recent evidence suggesting that NADPH generated in the mitochondria can influence the fate of HSCs. Although NADPH has multiple functions, HSCs show high levels of NADPH that are preferentially used for cholesterol biosynthesis. Endogenous cholesterol supports the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are essential for maintaining HSC properties. We also highlight the significance of EVs in hematopoiesis through autocrine signaling. Elucidating the mitochondrial NADPH-cholesterol axis as part of the metabolic requirements of healthy HSCs will facilitate the development of new therapies for hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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5
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Xu J, Fei P, Simon DW, Morowitz MJ, Mehta PA, Du W. Crosstalk between DNA Damage Repair and Metabolic Regulation in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:733. [PMID: 38727270 PMCID: PMC11083014 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation are two characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Under steady physiological conditions, most primitive HSCs remain quiescent in the bone marrow (BM). They respond to different stimuli to refresh the blood system. The transition from quiescence to activation is accompanied by major changes in metabolism, a fundamental cellular process in living organisms that produces or consumes energy. Cellular metabolism is now considered to be a key regulator of HSC maintenance. Interestingly, HSCs possess a distinct metabolic profile with a preference for glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy production. Byproducts from the cellular metabolism can also damage DNA. To counteract such insults, mammalian cells have evolved a complex and efficient DNA damage repair (DDR) system to eliminate various DNA lesions and guard genomic stability. Given the enormous regenerative potential coupled with the lifetime persistence of HSCs, tight control of HSC genome stability is essential. The intersection of DDR and the HSC metabolism has recently emerged as an area of intense research interest, unraveling the profound connections between genomic stability and cellular energetics. In this brief review, we delve into the interplay between DDR deficiency and the metabolic reprogramming of HSCs, shedding light on the dynamic relationship that governs the fate and functionality of these remarkable stem cells. Understanding the crosstalk between DDR and the cellular metabolism will open a new avenue of research designed to target these interacting pathways for improving HSC function and treating hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Peiwen Fei
- Cancer Biology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96812, USA
| | - Dennis W. Simon
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Parinda A. Mehta
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Watanuki S, Kobayashi H, Sugiura Y, Yamamoto M, Karigane D, Shiroshita K, Sorimachi Y, Fujita S, Morikawa T, Koide S, Oshima M, Nishiyama A, Murakami K, Haraguchi M, Tamaki S, Yamamoto T, Yabushita T, Tanaka Y, Nagamatsu G, Honda H, Okamoto S, Goda N, Tamura T, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Suematsu M, Iwama A, Suda T, Takubo K. Context-dependent modification of PFKFB3 in hematopoietic stem cells promotes anaerobic glycolysis and ensures stress hematopoiesis. eLife 2024; 12:RP87674. [PMID: 38573813 PMCID: PMC10994660 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are plastic and rapidly change in response to stress or perturbation. Current metabolic profiling techniques require lysis of many cells, complicating the tracking of metabolic changes over time after stress in rare cells such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Here, we aimed to identify the key metabolic enzymes that define differences in glycolytic metabolism between steady-state and stress conditions in murine HSCs and elucidate their regulatory mechanisms. Through quantitative 13C metabolic flux analysis of glucose metabolism using high-sensitivity glucose tracing and mathematical modeling, we found that HSCs activate the glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) during proliferation and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibition. Real-time measurement of ATP levels in single HSCs demonstrated that proliferative stress or OXPHOS inhibition led to accelerated glycolysis via increased activity of PFKFB3, the enzyme regulating an allosteric PFK activator, within seconds to meet ATP requirements. Furthermore, varying stresses differentially activated PFKFB3 via PRMT1-dependent methylation during proliferative stress and via AMPK-dependent phosphorylation during OXPHOS inhibition. Overexpression of Pfkfb3 induced HSC proliferation and promoted differentiated cell production, whereas inhibition or loss of Pfkfb3 suppressed them. This study reveals the flexible and multilayered regulation of HSC glycolytic metabolism to sustain hematopoiesis under stress and provides techniques to better understand the physiological metabolism of rare hematopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Watanuki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Cell Fate Biology and Stem Cell Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Masamichi Yamamoto
- Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterOsakaJapan
| | - Daiki Karigane
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kohei Shiroshita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuriko Sorimachi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and EngineeringTokyoJapan
| | - Shinya Fujita
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takayuki Morikawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shuhei Koide
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
| | - Koichi Murakami
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Miho Haraguchi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Shinpei Tamaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiro Yabushita
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yosuke Tanaka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Go Nagamatsu
- Center for Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technologies, University of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencySaitamaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuhito Goda
- Department of Life Sciences and Medical BioScience, Waseda University School of Advanced Science and EngineeringTokyoJapan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineKanagawaJapan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Department of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Live Imaging Center, Central Institute for Experimental AnimalsKanagawaJapan
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of Cell Fate Biology and Stem Cell Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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Hasumura T, Kinoshita K, Minegishi Y, Ota N. Combination of tea catechins and ornithine effectively activates the urea cycle: an in vitro and human pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:827-836. [PMID: 37707596 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulation of ammonia causes central and peripheral fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of tea catechins and low-dose ornithine in activating the urea cycle to reduce blood ammonia levels during exercise. METHODS We used hepatocyte-like cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to assess the effect of tea catechins combined with ornithine on urea cycle activity. The urea production and expression of key genes involved in the metabolism of urea were investigated. We then examined the synergistic improvement in ammonia metabolism by tea catechins in combination with ornithine in a human pilot study. RESULTS Tea catechins combined with ornithine increased urea cycle activity in hepatocyte-like cells derived from human iPS cells. Intake of 538.6 mg of tea catechins with 1592 mg of ornithine for 2 consecutive days during exercise loading suppressed the exercise-induced increase in the blood ammonia concentration as well as stabilized blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION Controlling the levels of ammonia, a toxic waste produced in the body, is important in a variety of situations, including exercise. The present study suggests that a heterogeneous combination of polyphenols and amino acids efficiently suppresses elevated ammonia during exercise in humans by a mechanism that includes urea cycle activation. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (No. UMIN000035484, dated January 8, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hasumura
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Keita Kinoshita
- Health and Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Minegishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
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8
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Davidsen K, Marvin JS, Aggarwal A, Brown TA, Sullivan LB. An engineered biosensor enables dynamic aspartate measurements in living cells. eLife 2024; 12:RP90024. [PMID: 38393319 PMCID: PMC10942590 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular levels of the amino acid aspartate are responsive to changes in metabolism in mammalian cells and can correspondingly alter cell function, highlighting the need for robust tools to measure aspartate abundance. However, comprehensive understanding of aspartate metabolism has been limited by the throughput, cost, and static nature of the mass spectrometry (MS)-based measurements that are typically employed to measure aspartate levels. To address these issues, we have developed a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based sensor of aspartate (jAspSnFR3), where the fluorescence intensity corresponds to aspartate concentration. As a purified protein, the sensor has a 20-fold increase in fluorescence upon aspartate saturation, with dose-dependent fluorescence changes covering a physiologically relevant aspartate concentration range and no significant off target binding. Expressed in mammalian cell lines, sensor intensity correlated with aspartate levels measured by MS and could resolve temporal changes in intracellular aspartate from genetic, pharmacological, and nutritional manipulations. These data demonstrate the utility of jAspSnFR3 and highlight the opportunities it provides for temporally resolved and high-throughput applications of variables that affect aspartate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Davidsen
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jonathan S Marvin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Janelia Research CampusAshburnUnited States
| | - Abhi Aggarwal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Janelia Research CampusAshburnUnited States
| | - Timothy A Brown
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Janelia Research CampusAshburnUnited States
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
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9
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Guo M, Zeng J, Li W, Hu Z, Shen Y. Danggui Jixueteng decoction for the treatment of myelosuppression after chemotherapy: A combined metabolomics and network pharmacology analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24695. [PMID: 38314262 PMCID: PMC10837499 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the Danggui Jixueteng decoction (DJD) in treating Myelosuppression after chemotherapy (MAC) through network pharmacology and metabolomics. Methods We obtained the chemical structures of DJD compounds from TCMSP and PubMed. SwissTargetPrediction, STITCH, CTD, GeneCards, and OMIM were utilized to acquire component targets and MAC-related targets. We identified the key compounds, core targets, main biological processes, and signaling pathways related to DJD by constructing and analyzing related networks. The main active compounds and key proteins of DJD in treating AA were confirmed by molecular docking. A MAC rat model was established through intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide to confirm DJD's effect on the bone marrow hematopoietic system. Untargeted metabolomics analyzed serum metabolite differences between MAC rats and the control group, and before and after DJD treatment, to explore DJD's mechanism in treating MAC. Results Of the 93 active compounds identified under screening conditions, 275 compound targets and 3113 MAC-related targets were obtained, including 95 intersecting targets; AKT1, STAT3, CASP3, and JUN were key proteins in MAC treatment. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway may play a crucial role in MAC treatment with DJD. Molecular docking results showed good docking effects of key protein AKT1 with luteolin, β-sitosterol, kaempferol, and glycyrrhizal chalcone A. In vivo experiments indicated that, compared to the model group, in the DJD group, levels of WBCs, RBCs, HGB, and PLTs in peripheral blood cells, thymus index increased, spleen index decreased, serum IL-3, GM-CSF levels increased, and IL-6, TNF-α, and VEGF levels decreased (p < 0.01); the pathological morphology of femoral bone marrow improved. Eleven differential metabolites were identified as differential serum metabolites, mainly concentrated in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways, phenylalanine metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Conclusion This study revealed that DJD's therapeutic effects are due to multiple ingredients, targets, and pathways. DJD may activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, promote hematopoietic-related cytokine production, regulate related metabolic pathways, and effectively alleviate cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression after chemotherapy in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Jiaqi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihaer, 161006, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, China
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10
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Jackson BT, Finley LWS. Metabolic regulation of the hallmarks of stem cell biology. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:161-180. [PMID: 38306993 PMCID: PMC10842269 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells perform many different functions, each of which requires specific metabolic adaptations. Over the past decades, studies of pluripotent and tissue stem cells have uncovered a range of metabolic preferences and strategies that correlate with or exert control over specific cell states. This review aims to describe the common themes that emerge from the study of stem cell metabolism: (1) metabolic pathways supporting stem cell proliferation, (2) metabolic pathways maintaining stem cell quiescence, (3) metabolic control of cellular stress responses and cell death, (4) metabolic regulation of stem cell identity, and (5) metabolic requirements of the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Jackson
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lydia W S Finley
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Li C, Guan J, Li Y, Tian X, Zhao Y, Liu W, Tian H, Tian H, Yang Y, Zhao M. Protocol for high-sensitivity western blot on murine hematopoietic stem cells. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102578. [PMID: 37733599 PMCID: PMC10519847 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain hematopoiesis during homeostasis and regeneration. However, their limited availability poses a challenge for protein analysis. Here, we present a protocol for performing high-sensitivity western blot on HSCs using two techniques that enhance HSC isolation from mice and boost sensitivity for low cell numbers. We describe steps for isolating murine bone marrow cells, antibody staining, and cell sorting and post-sort analysis. We then detail a western blot procedure suitable for low numbers of HSCs. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al (2022).1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Li
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yishan Li
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yijun Zhao
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huixuan Tian
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqi Tian
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Filippi MD. The multifaceted role of mitochondria in HSC fate decisions: energy and beyond. Exp Hematol 2023; 128:19-29. [PMID: 37832715 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the properties to self-renew and/or differentiate into all-mature blood cell lineages. The fate decisions to generate progeny that retain stemness properties or that commit to differentiation is a fundamental process to maintain tissue homeostasis and must be tightly regulated to prevent HSC overgrowth or exhaustion. HSC fate decisions are inherently coupled to cell division. The transition from quiescence to activation is accompanied by major metabolic and mitochondrial changes that are important for cell cycle entry and for balanced decisions between self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of mitochondrial metabolism in HSC transition from quiescence to activation and fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
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13
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Davidsen K, Marvin JS, Aggarwal A, Brown TA, Sullivan LB. An engineered biosensor enables dynamic aspartate measurements in living cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546775. [PMID: 37425831 PMCID: PMC10327124 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular levels of the amino acid aspartate are responsive to changes in metabolism in mammalian cells and can correspondingly alter cell function, highlighting the need for robust tools to measure aspartate abundance. However, comprehensive understanding of aspartate metabolism has been limited by the throughput, cost, and static nature of the mass spectrometry based measurements that are typically employed to measure aspartate levels. To address these issues, we have developed a GFP-based sensor of aspartate (jAspSnFR3), where the fluorescence intensity corresponds to aspartate concentration. As a purified protein, the sensor has a 20-fold increase in fluorescence upon aspartate saturation, with dose dependent fluorescence changes covering a physiologically relevant aspartate concentration range and no significant off target binding. Expressed in mammalian cell lines, sensor intensity correlated with aspartate levels measured by mass spectrometry and could resolve temporal changes in intracellular aspartate from genetic, pharmacological, and nutritional manipulations. These data demonstrate the utility of jAspSnFR3 and highlight the opportunities it provides for temporally resolved and high throughput applications of variables that affect aspartate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Davidsen
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and cellular biology program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marvin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Abhi Aggarwal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Timothy A Brown
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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14
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Tu WB, Christofk HR, Plath K. Nutrient regulation of development and cell fate decisions. Development 2023; 150:dev199961. [PMID: 37260407 PMCID: PMC10281554 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diet contributes to health at all stages of life, from embryonic development to old age. Nutrients, including vitamins, amino acids, lipids and sugars, have instructive roles in directing cell fate and function, maintaining stem cell populations, tissue homeostasis and alleviating the consequences of aging. This Review highlights recent findings that illuminate how common diets and specific nutrients impact cell fate decisions in healthy and disease contexts. We also draw attention to new models, technologies and resources that help to address outstanding questions in this emerging field and may lead to dietary approaches that promote healthy development and improve disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B. Tu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Heather R. Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Rattigan KM, Zarou MM, Brabcova Z, Prasad B, Zerbst D, Sarnello D, Kalkman ER, Ianniciello A, Scott MT, Dunn K, Shokry E, Sumpton D, Copland M, Tardito S, Vande Voorde J, Mussai F, Cheng P, Helgason GV. Arginine dependency is a therapeutically exploitable vulnerability in chronic myeloid leukaemic stem cells. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56279. [PMID: 37489735 PMCID: PMC10561355 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To fuel accelerated proliferation, leukaemic cells undergo metabolic deregulation, which can result in specific nutrient dependencies. Here, we perform an amino acid drop-out screen and apply pre-clinical models of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) to identify arginine as a nutrient essential for primary human CML cells. Analysis of the Microarray Innovations in Leukaemia (MILE) dataset uncovers reduced ASS1 levels in CML compared to most other leukaemia types. Stable isotope tracing reveals repressed activity of all urea cycle enzymes in patient-derived CML CD34+ cells, rendering them arginine auxotrophic. Thus, arginine deprivation completely blocks proliferation of CML CD34+ cells and induces significantly higher levels of apoptosis when compared to arginine-deprived cell lines. Similarly, primary CML cells, but not normal CD34+ samples, are particularly sensitive to treatment with the arginine-depleting enzyme, BCT-100, which induces apoptosis and reduces clonogenicity. Moreover, BCT-100 is highly efficacious in a patient-derived xenograft model, causing > 90% reduction in the number of human leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). These findings indicate arginine depletion to be a promising and novel strategy to eradicate therapy resistant LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Rattigan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Martha M Zarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Zuzana Brabcova
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Bodhayan Prasad
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Désirée Zerbst
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Daniele Sarnello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Eric R Kalkman
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Angela Ianniciello
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Mary T Scott
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Engy Shokry
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | | | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Saverio Tardito
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | | | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio‐cancer Treatment International Ltd, Hong Kong Science ParkShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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16
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Kawano I, Bazila B, Ježek P, Dlasková A. Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cristae Shape Changes During Metabolic Reprogramming. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:684-707. [PMID: 37212238 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The architecture of the mitochondrial network and cristae critically impact cell differentiation and identity. Cells undergoing metabolic reprogramming to aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), such as immune cells, stem cells, and cancer cells, go through controlled modifications in mitochondrial architecture, which is critical for achieving the resulting cellular phenotype. Recent Advances: Recent studies in immunometabolism have shown that the manipulation of mitochondrial network dynamics and cristae shape directly affects T cell phenotype and macrophage polarization through altering energy metabolism. Similar manipulations also alter the specific metabolic phenotypes that accompany somatic reprogramming, stem cell differentiation, and cancer cells. The modulation of oxidative phosphorylation activity, accompanied by changes in metabolite signaling, reactive oxygen species generation, and adenosine triphosphate levels, is the shared underlying mechanism. Critical Issues: The plasticity of mitochondrial architecture is particularly vital for metabolic reprogramming. Consequently, failure to adapt the appropriate mitochondrial morphology often compromises the differentiation and identity of the cell. Immune, stem, and tumor cells exhibit striking similarities in their coordination of mitochondrial morphology with metabolic pathways. However, although many general unifying principles can be observed, their validity is not absolute, and the mechanistic links thus need to be further explored. Future Directions: Better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved and their relationships to both mitochondrial network and cristae morphology will not only further deepen our understanding of energy metabolism but may also contribute to improved therapeutic manipulation of cell viability, differentiation, proliferation, and identity in many different cell types. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 684-707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Kawano
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bazila Bazila
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Dlasková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Pizzato HA, Wang Y, Wolfgang MJ, Finck BN, Patti GJ, Bhattacharya D. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism and glutaminolysis toggle steady-state and emergency myelopoiesis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221373. [PMID: 37249600 PMCID: PMC10227646 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To define the metabolic requirements of hematopoiesis, we examined blood lineages in mice conditionally deficient in genes required for long-chain fatty acid oxidation (Cpt2), glutaminolysis (Gls), or mitochondrial pyruvate import (Mpc2). Genetic ablation of Cpt2 or Gls minimally impacted most blood lineages. In contrast, deletion of Mpc2 led to a sharp decline in mature myeloid cells and a slower reduction in T cells, whereas other hematopoietic lineages were unaffected. Yet MPC2-deficient monocytes and neutrophils rapidly recovered due to a transient and specific increase in myeloid progenitor proliferation. Competitive bone marrow chimera and stable isotope tracing experiments demonstrated that this proliferative burst was progenitor intrinsic and accompanied by a metabolic switch to glutaminolysis. Myeloid recovery after loss of MPC2 or cyclophosphamide treatment was delayed in the absence of GLS. Reciprocally, MPC2 was not required for myeloid recovery after cyclophosphamide treatment. Thus, mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism maintains myelopoiesis under steady-state conditions, while glutaminolysis in progenitors promotes emergency myelopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A. Pizzato
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J. Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary J. Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deepta Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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18
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Kerk SA, Garcia-Bermudez J, Birsoy K, Sherman MH, Shah YM, Lyssiotis CA. Spotlight on GOT2 in Cancer Metabolism. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:695-702. [PMID: 37635751 PMCID: PMC10460182 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s382161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
GOT2 is at the nexus of several critical metabolic pathways in homeostatic cellular and dysregulated cancer metabolism. Despite this, recent work has emphasized the remarkable plasticity of cancer cells to employ compensatory pathways when GOT2 is inhibited. Here, we review the metabolic roles of GOT2, highlighting findings in both normal and cancer cells. We emphasize how cancer cells repurpose cell intrinsic metabolism and their flexibility when GOT2 is inhibited. We close by using this framework to discuss key considerations for future investigations into cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Kerk
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Javier Garcia-Bermudez
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mara H Sherman
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Treichel S, Filippi MD. Linking cell cycle to hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231735. [PMID: 37645247 PMCID: PMC10461445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the properties to self-renew and/or differentiate into any blood cell lineages. In order to balance the maintenance of the stem cell pool with supporting mature blood cell production, the fate decisions to self-renew or to commit to differentiation must be tightly controlled, as dysregulation of this process can lead to bone marrow failure or leukemogenesis. The contribution of the cell cycle to cell fate decisions has been well established in numerous types of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells. Cell cycle length is an integral component of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Hematopoietic stem cells must remain quiescent to prevent premature replicative exhaustion. Yet, hematopoietic stem cells must be activated into cycle in order to produce daughter cells that will either retain stem cell properties or commit to differentiation. How the cell cycle contributes to hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions is emerging from recent studies. Hematopoietic stem cell functions can be stratified based on cell cycle kinetics and divisional history, suggesting a link between Hematopoietic stem cells activity and cell cycle length. Hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions are also regulated by asymmetric cell divisions and recent studies have implicated metabolic and organelle activity in regulating hematopoietic stem cell fate. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions and how they are linked to the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Treichel
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Molecular and Development Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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20
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Wang Y, Wang X, Luo Y, Zhang J, Lin Y, Wu J, Zeng B, Liu L, Yan P, Liang J, Guo H, Jin L, Tang Q, Long K, Li M. Spatio-temporal transcriptome dynamics coordinate rapid transition of core crop functions in 'lactating' pigeon. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010746. [PMID: 37289658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeons (Columba livia) are among a select few avian species that have developed a specialized reproductive mode wherein the parents produce a 'milk' in their crop to feed newborn squabs. Nonetheless, the transcriptomic dynamics and role in the rapid transition of core crop functions during 'lactation' remain largely unexplored. Here, we generated a de novo pigeon genome assembly to construct a high resolution spatio-temporal transcriptomic landscape of the crop epithelium across the entire breeding stage. This multi-omics analysis identified a set of 'lactation'-related genes involved in lipid and protein metabolism, which contribute to the rapid functional transitions in the crop. Analysis of in situ high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing revealed extensive reorganization of promoter-enhancer interactions linked to the dynamic expression of these 'lactation'-related genes between stages. Moreover, their expression is spatially localized in specific epithelial layers, and can be correlated with phenotypic changes in the crop. These results illustrate the preferential de novo synthesis of 'milk' lipids and proteins in the crop, and provides candidate enhancer loci for further investigation of the regulatory elements controlling pigeon 'lactation'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiqi Yan
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyuan Liang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long Jin
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keren Long
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Rattigan KM, Zarou MM, Helgason GV. Metabolism in stem cell-driven leukemia: parallels between hematopoiesis and immunity. Blood 2023; 141:2553-2565. [PMID: 36634302 PMCID: PMC10646800 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of cancer metabolism spans from its role in cellular energetics and supplying the building blocks necessary for proliferation, to maintaining cellular redox and regulating the cellular epigenome and transcriptome. Cancer metabolism, once thought to be solely driven by upregulated glycolysis, is now known to comprise multiple pathways with great plasticity in response to extrinsic challenges. Furthermore, cancer cells can modify their surrounding niche during disease initiation, maintenance, and metastasis, thereby contributing to therapy resistance. Leukemia is a paradigm model of stem cell-driven cancer. In this study, we review how leukemia remodels the niche and rewires its metabolism, with particular attention paid to therapy-resistant stem cells. Specifically, we aim to give a global, nonexhaustive overview of key metabolic pathways. By contrasting the metabolic rewiring required by myeloid-leukemic stem cells with that required for hematopoiesis and immune cell function, we highlight the metabolic features they share. This is a critical consideration when contemplating anticancer metabolic inhibitor options, especially in the context of anticancer immune therapies. Finally, we examine pathways that have not been studied in leukemia but are critical in solid cancers in the context of metastasis and interaction with new niches. These studies also offer detailed mechanisms that are yet to be investigated in leukemia. Given that cancer (and normal) cells can meet their energy requirements by not only upregulating metabolic pathways but also utilizing systemically available substrates, we aim to inform how interlinked these metabolic pathways are, both within leukemic cells and between cancer cells and their niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Rattigan
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martha M. Zarou
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - G. Vignir Helgason
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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22
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Chen K, Tang L, Nong X. Artesunate targets cellular metabolism to regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1037-1050. [PMID: 37024544 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic reprogramming is one of the important mechanisms of cell differentiation, and different cells have different preferences for energy sources. During the differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells into Th17 and Treg cells, these cells show specific energy metabolism characteristics. Th17 cells depend on enhanced glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. In contrast, Treg cells are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid depletion. As a potent antimalarial drug, artesunate has been shown to modulate the Th17/Treg imbalance and regulate cell metabolism. METHODOLOGY Relevant literatures on ART, cellular metabolism, glycolysis, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, CD4 + T cells, Th17 cells, and Treg cells published from January 1, 2010 to now were searched in PubMed database. CONCLUSION In this review, we will highlight recent advances in which artesunate can restore the Th17/Treg imbalance in disease states by altering T-cell metabolism to influence differentiation and lineage selection. Data from the current study show that few studies have focused on the effect of ART on cellular metabolism. ART can affect the metabolic characteristics of T cells (glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) and interfere with their differentiation lineage, thereby regulating the balance of Th17/Treg and alleviating the symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liying Tang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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23
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Shevyrev D, Tereshchenko V, Berezina TN, Rybtsov S. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and the Immune System in Development and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065862. [PMID: 36982935 PMCID: PMC10056303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) support haematopoiesis throughout life and give rise to the whole variety of cells of the immune system. Developing in the early embryo, passing through the precursor stage, and maturing into the first HSCs, they undergo a fairly large number of divisions while maintaining a high regenerative potential due to high repair activity. This potential is greatly reduced in adult HSCs. They go into a state of dormancy and anaerobic metabolism to maintain their stemness throughout life. However, with age, changes occur in the pool of HSCs that negatively affect haematopoiesis and the effectiveness of immunity. Niche aging and accumulation of mutations with age reduces the ability of HSCs to self-renew and changes their differentiation potential. This is accompanied by a decrease in clonal diversity and a disturbance of lymphopoiesis (decrease in the formation of naive T- and B-cells) and the predominance of myeloid haematopoiesis. Aging also affects mature cells, regardless of HSC, therefore, phagocytic activity and the intensity of the oxidative burst decrease, and the efficiency of processing and presentation of antigens by myeloid cells is impaired. Aging cells of innate and adaptive immunity produce factors that form a chronic inflammatory background. All these processes have a serious negative impact on the protective properties of the immune system, increasing inflammation, the risk of developing autoimmune, oncological, and cardiovascular diseases with age. Understanding the mechanisms of reducing the regenerative potential in a comparative analysis of embryonic and aging HSCs, the features of inflammatory aging will allow us to get closer to deciphering the programs for the development, aging, regeneration and rejuvenation of HSCs and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Shevyrev
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Valeriy Tereshchenko
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Cell Technology and Immunology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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24
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Petrelli F, Scandella V, Montessuit S, Zamboni N, Martinou JC, Knobloch M. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism regulates the activation of quiescent adult neural stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5220. [PMID: 36857455 PMCID: PMC9977184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is important for adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) behavior. However, its role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation is not fully understood. We here show that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a crucial and unexpected part in this process. MPC transports pyruvate into mitochondria, linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite its metabolic key function, the role of MPC in NSPCs has not been addressed. We show that quiescent NSPCs have an active mitochondrial metabolism and express high levels of MPC. Pharmacological MPC inhibition increases aspartate and triggers NSPC activation. Furthermore, genetic Mpc1 ablation in vitro and in vivo also activates NSPCs, which differentiate into mature neurons, leading to overall increased hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged mice. These findings highlight the importance of metabolism for NSPC regulation and identify an important pathway through which mitochondrial pyruvate import controls NSPC quiescence and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Pinho S, Zhao M. Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Their Bone Marrow Niches. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:17-28. [PMID: 38228956 PMCID: PMC10881178 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are maintained in the bone marrow microenvironment, also known as the niche, that regulates their proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. In this chapter, we will introduce the history of HSC niche research and review the interdependencies between HSCs and their niches. We will further highlight recent advances in our understanding of HSC heterogeneity with regard to HSC subpopulations and their interacting cellular and molecular bone marrow niche constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pinho
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Kobayashi H, Watanuki S, Takubo K. Approaches towards Elucidating the Metabolic Program of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203189. [PMID: 36291056 PMCID: PMC9600258 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow continuously supply a large number of blood cells throughout life in collaboration with hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). HSCs and HPCs are thought to regulate and utilize intracellular metabolic programs to obtain metabolites, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is necessary for various cellular functions. Metabolites not only provide stem/progenitor cells with nutrients for ATP and building block generation but are also utilized for protein modification and epigenetic regulation to maintain cellular characteristics. In recent years, the metabolic programs of tissue stem/progenitor cells and their underlying molecular mechanisms have been elucidated using a variety of metabolic analysis methods. In this review, we first present the advantages and disadvantages of the current approaches applicable to the metabolic analysis of tissue stem/progenitor cells, including HSCs and HPCs. In the second half, we discuss the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of HSC metabolism, including the decoupling of ATP production by glycolysis and mitochondria. These technologies and findings have the potential to advance stem cell biology and engineering from a metabolic perspective and to establish therapeutic approaches.
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27
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Abrego J, Sanford-Crane H, Oon C, Xiao X, Betts CB, Sun D, Nagarajan S, Diaz L, Sandborg H, Bhattacharyya S, Xia Z, Coussens LM, Tontonoz P, Sherman MH. A Cancer Cell-Intrinsic GOT2-PPARδ Axis Suppresses Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2414-2433. [PMID: 35894778 PMCID: PMC9533011 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant recent advances in precision medicine, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains near uniformly lethal. Although immune-modulatory therapies hold promise to meaningfully improve outcomes for patients with PDAC, the development of such therapies requires an improved understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms that characterize the PDAC microenvironment. Here, we show that cancer cell-intrinsic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2) shapes the immune microenvironment to suppress antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, we find that GOT2 functions beyond its established role in the malate-aspartate shuttle and promotes the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARδ), facilitated by direct fatty acid binding. Although GOT2 is dispensable for cancer cell proliferation in vivo, the GOT2-PPARδ axis promotes spatial restriction of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrate a noncanonical function for an established mitochondrial enzyme in transcriptional regulation of immune evasion, which may be exploitable to promote a productive antitumor immune response. SIGNIFICANCE Prior studies demonstrate the important moonlighting functions of metabolic enzymes in cancer. We find that the mitochondrial transaminase GOT2 binds directly to fatty acid ligands that regulate the nuclear receptor PPARδ, and this functional interaction critically regulates the immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer to promote tumor progression. See related commentary by Nwosu and di Magliano, p. 2237.. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Abrego
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Hannah Sanford-Crane
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Chet Oon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Duanchen Sun
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shanthi Nagarajan
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Luis Diaz
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Holly Sandborg
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sohinee Bhattacharyya
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Zheng Xia
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mara H. Sherman
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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28
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Li C, Wu B, Li Y, Chen J, Ye Z, Tian X, Wang J, Xu X, Pan S, Zheng Y, Cai X, Jiang L, Zhao M. Amino acid catabolism regulates hematopoietic stem cell proteostasis via a GCN2-eIF2α axis. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1119-1134.e7. [PMID: 35803229 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) adapt their metabolism to maintenance and proliferation; however, the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrated that homeostatic HSCs exhibited high amino acid (AA) catabolism to reduce cellular AA levels, which activated the GCN2-eIF2α axis, a protein synthesis inhibitory checkpoint to restrain protein synthesis for maintenance. Furthermore, upon proliferation conditions, HSCs enhanced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for higher energy production but decreased AA catabolism to accumulate cellular AAs, which inactivated the GCN2-eIF2α axis to increase protein synthesis and coupled with proteotoxic stress. Importantly, GCN2 deletion impaired HSC function in repopulation and regeneration. Mechanistically, GCN2 maintained proteostasis and inhibited Src-mediated AKT activation to repress mitochondrial OXPHOS in HSCs. Moreover, the glycolytic metabolite, NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR), accelerated AA catabolism to activate GCN2 and sustain the long-term function of HSCs. Overall, our study uncovered direct links between metabolic alterations and translation control in HSCs during homeostasis and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Li
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Binghuo Wu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yishan Li
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Zhitao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiaobin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xi Xu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Shuai Pan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Yucan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiongwei Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Linjia Jiang
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
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29
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Morganti C, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Ito K. Metabolic Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e740. [PMID: 35785147 PMCID: PMC9242402 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is a key regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance. HSCs rely on anaerobic glycolysis for energy production to minimize the production of reactive oxygen species and shift toward mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation upon differentiation. However, increasing evidence has shown that HSCs still maintain a certain level of mitochondrial activity in quiescence, and exhibit high mitochondrial membrane potential, which both support proper HSC function. Since glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are not directly connected in HSCs, other nutrient pathways, such as amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, generate acetyl-CoA and provide it to the TCA cycle. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the regulatory roles of cellular metabolism in HSCs. Understanding the metabolic requirements of healthy HSCs is of critical importance to the development of new therapies for hematological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Morganti
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center and Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are endowed with high regenerative potential to supply mature blood cells throughout life, under steady state or stress conditions. HSCs are thought to rely on glycolysis when in a quiescent state and to switch to oxidative phosphorylation to meet their metabolic needs during activation. Recently, a series of important studies reveals a higher degree of complexity that goes well beyond the dichotomy between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent findings highlighting the multifaceted metabolic requirements of HSC homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence points to the importance of lysosomal catabolic activity and noncanonical retinoic acid pathway in maintaining HSC quiescence and stemness. HSC activation into cycle seems to be accompanied by a switch to glycolysis-mitochondrial coupling and to anabolic pathways, including Myc, aspartate-mediated purine synthesis. SUMMARY Knowledge of metabolism of HSCs has dramatically increased in the past 2 years and reveals unexpected needs of HSCs during both their quiescent and activated state. Understanding how HSCs use metabolism for their functions will offer new opportunity for HSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bartram
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH, USA
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Efficient Isolation of Lymphocytes and Myogenic Cells from the Tissue of Muscle Regeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111754. [PMID: 35681449 PMCID: PMC9179359 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation of both lymphocytes and myogenic cells from muscle tissue is required for elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle regeneration. Here, we aimed to establish an optimal method obtaining a high yield of lymphocytes during muscle regeneration. After the muscle injury, we observed higher infiltration of lymphocytic cells in the muscle on day 3 after injury. Then, we compared two different white blood cell isolation methods, the Percoll gradient and CD45-magnetic bead methods, to assess the percentage and number of T and B cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the CD45-magnetic bead method has a better efficiency in isolating CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and B cells from injured muscle tissues of wild-type and mdx mice than that by the Percoll gradient method. Moreover, we found that the CD45-negative fraction from wild-type and mdx mice includes myogenic cells. In conclusion, we report that the CD45-magnetic bead method is suitable to isolate T and B cells during muscle regeneration with higher purity and yield and can also isolate myogenic cells within the same sample. This method provides a technical basis for further studies on muscle regeneration, involving lymphocytes and muscle cells, with a wide range of clinical applications.
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Abstract
Metabolism has been studied mainly in cultured cells or at the level of whole tissues or whole organisms in vivo. Consequently, our understanding of metabolic heterogeneity among cells within tissues is limited, particularly when it comes to rare cells with biologically distinct properties, such as stem cells. Stem cell function, tissue regeneration and cancer suppression are all metabolically regulated, although it is not yet clear whether there are metabolic mechanisms unique to stem cells that regulate their activity and function. Recent work has, however, provided evidence that stem cells do have a metabolic signature that is distinct from that of restricted progenitors and that metabolic changes influence tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Stem cell maintenance throughout life in many tissues depends upon minimizing anabolic pathway activation and cell division. Consequently, stem cell activation by tissue injury is associated with changes in mitochondrial function, lysosome activity and lipid metabolism, potentially at the cost of eroding self-renewal potential. Stem cell metabolism is also regulated by the environment: stem cells metabolically interact with other cells in their niches and are able to sense and adapt to dietary changes. The accelerating understanding of stem cell metabolism is revealing new aspects of tissue homeostasis with the potential to promote tissue regeneration and cancer suppression.
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Theabrownin modulates the gut microbiome and serum metabolome in aging mice induced by D-galactose. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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