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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Xia Y. Xenotransplantation - a shortcut to construct tissue complexity in organoids. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 88:102243. [PMID: 39142048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Our knowledge of human biology is mainly originated from studies using animal models. However, interspecies differences between human and model organisms may lead to imprecise extrapolation of results obtained from model organisms. Organoids are three-dimensional cell clusters derived from pluripotent or adult stem cells that self-organize into organ-like structures reminiscent of the cognate organ. The establishment of human organoids makes it possible to study organ or tissue pathophysiology that is specific to human beings. However, most organoids do not have organ-specific vasculature, neurons, and immune cells, hence limiting their utility in emulating complex pathophysiological phenotypes. Among the various approaches to address these limitations, xenotransplantation represents a promising 'shortcut'. We will discuss recent advance in constructing tissue complexity in organoids, with a special focus on xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232
| | - Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232.
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2
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Ibi Y, Nishinakamura R. Generating kidney organoids based on developmental nephrology. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151450. [PMID: 39137450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the induction protocols for the two types of kidney organoids (nephron organoids and ureteric bud organoids) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been established based on the knowledge gained in developmental nephrology. Kidney organoids are now used for disease modeling and drug screening, but they also have potential as tools for clinical transplantation therapy. One of the options to achieve this goal would be to assemble multiple renal progenitor cells (nephron progenitor, ureteric bud, stromal progenitor) to reproduce the organotypic kidney structure from PSCs. At least from mouse PSCs, all the three progenitors have been induced and assembled into such "higher order" kidney organoids. We will provide an overview of the developmental nephrology required for the induction of renal progenitors and discuss recent advances and remaining challenges of kidney organoids for clinical transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Ibi
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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3
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Kim S, Koppitch K, Parvez RK, Guo J, Achieng M, Schnell J, Lindström NO, McMahon AP. Comparative single-cell analyses identify shared and divergent features of human and mouse kidney development. Dev Cell 2024:S1534-5807(24)00450-7. [PMID: 39121855 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian kidney maintains fluid homeostasis through diverse epithelial cell types generated from nephron and ureteric progenitor cells. To extend a developmental understanding of the kidney's epithelial networks, we compared chromatin organization (single-nuclear assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing [ATAC-seq]; 112,864 nuclei) and gene expression (single-cell/nuclear RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]; 109,477 cells/nuclei) in the developing human (10.6-17.6 weeks; n = 10) and mouse (post-natal day [P]0; n = 10) kidney, supplementing analysis with published mouse datasets from earlier stages. Single-cell/nuclear datasets were analyzed at a species level, and then nephron and ureteric cellular lineages were extracted and integrated into a common, cross-species, multimodal dataset. Comparative computational analyses identified conserved and divergent features of chromatin organization and linked gene activity, identifying species-specific and cell-type-specific regulatory programs. In situ validation of human-enriched gene activity points to human-specific signaling interactions in kidney development. Further, human-specific enhancer regions were linked to kidney diseases through genome-wide association studies (GWASs), highlighting the potential for clinical insight from developmental modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kari Koppitch
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - MaryAnne Achieng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jack Schnell
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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4
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Lancaster MA. Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids: A brief history of curiosity-led discoveries. Bioessays 2024:e2400105. [PMID: 39101295 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are quickly becoming an accepted model for understanding human biology and disease. Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) provide a starting point for many organs and enable modeling of the embryonic development and maturation of such organs. The foundation of PSC-derived organoids can be found in elegant developmental studies demonstrating the remarkable ability of immature cells to undergo histogenesis even when taken out of the embryo context. PSC-organoids are an evolution of earlier methods such as embryoid bodies, taken to a new level with finer control and in some cases going beyond tissue histogenesis to organ-like morphogenesis. But many of the discoveries that led to organoids were not necessarily planned, but rather the result of inquisitive minds with freedom to explore. Protecting such curiosity-led research through flexible funding will be important going forward if we are to see further ground-breaking discoveries.
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5
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Wang G, Wu H, Zhai X, Zhang L, Zhang C, Cheng C, Xu X, Gao E, Xiong X, Zhang J, Liu Z. Kidney Organoid Modeling of WT1 Mutations Reveals Key Regulatory Paths Underlying Podocyte Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308556. [PMID: 38810140 PMCID: PMC11304319 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Wilms tumor-1(WT1) is a crucial transcription factor that regulates podocyte development. However, the epigenomic mechanism underlying the function of WT1 during podocyte development has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, single-cell chromatin accessibility and gene expression maps of foetal kidneys and kidney organoids are generated. Functional implications of WT1-targeted genes, which are crucial for the development of podocytes and the maintenance of their structure, including BMPER/PAX2/MAGI2 that regulates WNT signaling pathway, MYH9 that maintains actin filament organization and NPHS1 that modulates cell junction assembly are identified. To further illustrate the functional importance of WT1-mediated transcriptional regulation during podocyte development, cultured and implanted patient-derived kidney organoids derived from the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSCs) of a patient with a heterozygous missense mutation in WT1 are generated. Results from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and functional assays confirm that the WT1 mutation leads to delays in podocyte development and causes damage to cell structures, due to its failure to activate the targeting genes MAGI2, MYH9, and NPHS1. Notably, correcting the mutation in the patient iPSCs using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing rescues the podocyte phenotype. Collectively, this work elucidates the WT1-related epigenomic landscape with respect to human podocyte development and identifies the disease-causing role of a WT1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseasesJinling HospitalNanjing University School of MedicineNanjingJiangsu210002China
| | - Hangdi Wu
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xiuwen Zhai
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseasesJinling HospitalNanjing University School of MedicineNanjingJiangsu210002China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311121China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences & The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Changming Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseasesJinling HospitalNanjing University School of MedicineNanjingJiangsu210002China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311121China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences & The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseasesJinling HospitalNanjing University School of MedicineNanjingJiangsu210002China
| | - Erzhi Gao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseasesJinling HospitalNanjing University School of MedicineNanjingJiangsu210002China
| | - Xushen Xiong
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311121China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation DevicesThe Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou311121China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311121China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences & The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- Hematology InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney DiseasesJinling HospitalNanjing University School of MedicineNanjingJiangsu210002China
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou311121China
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6
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Ng MSY, Kaur G, Francis RS, Hawley CM, Johnson DW. Drug repurposing for glomerular diseases: an underutilized resource. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024:10.1038/s41581-024-00864-8. [PMID: 39085415 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-024-00864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Drug repurposing in glomerular disease can deliver opportunities for steroid-free regimens, enable personalized multi-target options for resistant or relapsing disease and enhance treatment options for understudied populations (for example, children) and in resource-limited settings. Identification of drug-repurposing candidates can be data driven, which utilizes existing data on disease pathobiology, drug features and clinical outcomes, or experimental, which involves high-throughput drug screens. Information from databases of approved drugs, clinical trials and PubMed registries suggests that at least 96 drugs on the market cover 49 targets with immunosuppressive potential that could be candidates for drug repurposing in glomerular disease. Furthermore, evidence to support drug repurposing is available for 191 immune drug target-glomerular disease pairs. Non-immunological drug repurposing includes strategies to reduce haemodynamic overload, podocyte injury and kidney fibrosis. Recommended strategies to expand drug-repurposing capacity in glomerular disease include enriching drug databases with glomeruli-specific information, enhancing the accessibility of primary clinical trial data, biomarker discovery to improve participant selection into clinical trials and improve surrogate outcomes and initiatives to reduce patent, regulatory and organizational hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Suet Ying Ng
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Chemical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gursimran Kaur
- Department of Rheumatology, Saint Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Saint Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Rheumatology Department, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross S Francis
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carmel M Hawley
- Department of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David W Johnson
- Department of Kidney and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Zhang Y, Lu SM, Zhuang JJ, Liang LG. Advances in gut-brain organ chips. Cell Prolif 2024:e13724. [PMID: 39086147 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain and gut are sensory organs responsible for sensing, transmitting, integrating, and responding to signals from the internal and external environment. In-depth analysis of brain-gut axis interactions is important for human health and disease prevention. Current research on the brain-gut axis primarily relies on animal models. However, animal models make it difficult to study disease mechanisms due to inherent species differences, and the reproducibility of experiments is poor because of individual animal variations, which leads to a significant limitation of real-time sensory responses. Organ-on-a-chip platforms provide an innovative approach for disease treatment and personalized research by replicating brain and gut ecosystems in vitro. This enables a precise understanding of their biological functions and physiological responses. In this article, we examine the history and most current developments in brain, gut, and gut-brain chips. The importance of these systems for understanding pathophysiology and developing new drugs is emphasized throughout the review. This article also addresses future directions and present issues with the advancement and application of gut-brain-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Ming Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Guo Liang
- Centre for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Gopallawa I, Gupta C, Jawa R, Cyril A, Jawa V, Chirmule N, Gujar V. Applications of Organoids in Advancing Drug Discovery and Development. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00233-8. [PMID: 39002723 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are small, self-organizing three-dimensional cell cultures that are derived from stem cells or primary organs. These cultures replicate the complexity of an organ, which cannot be achieved by single-cell culture systems. Organoids can be used in testing of new drugs instead of animals. Development and validation of organoids is thus important to reduce the reliance on animals for drug testing. In this review, we have discussed the developmental and regulatory aspects of organoids and highlighted their importance in drug development. We have first summarized different types of culture-based organoid systems such as submerged Matrigel, micro-fluidic 3D cultures, inducible pluripotent stem cells, and air-liquid interface cultures. These systems help us understand the intricate interplay between cells and their surrounding milieu for identifying functions of target receptors, soluble factors, and spatial interactions. Further, we have discussed the advances in humanized severe-combined immunodeficiency mouse models and their applications in the pharmacology of immune-oncology. Since regulatory aspects are important in using organoids for drug development, we have summarized FDA and EMA regulations on organoid research to support pre-clinical studies. Finally, we have included some unique studies highlighting the use of organoids in studying infectious diseases, cancer, and fundamental biology. These studies also exemplify the latest technological advances in organoid development resulting in improved efficiency. Overall, this review comprehensively summarizes the applications of organoids in early drug development during discovery and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | | | - Rayan Jawa
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arya Cyril
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vibha Jawa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NY, USA.
| | | | - Vikramsingh Gujar
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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9
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Mashouf P, Tabibzadeh N, Kuraoka S, Oishi H, Morizane R. Cryopreservation of human kidney organoids. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:306. [PMID: 39023560 PMCID: PMC11335230 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell research have led to the creation of organoids, miniature replicas of human organs, offering innovative avenues for studying diseases. Kidney organoids, with their ability to replicate complex renal structures, provide a novel platform for investigating kidney diseases and assessing drug efficacy, albeit hindered by labor-intensive generation and batch variations, highlighting the need for tailored cryopreservation methods to enable widespread utilization. Here, we evaluated cryopreservation strategies for kidney organoids by contrasting slow-freezing and vitrification methods. 118 kidney organoids were categorized into five conditions. Control organoids followed standard culture, while two slow-freezing groups used 10% DMSO (SF1) or commercial freezing media (SF2). Vitrification involved V1 (20% DMSO, 20% Ethylene Glycol with sucrose) and V2 (15% DMSO, 15% Ethylene Glycol). Assessment of viability, functionality, and structural integrity post-thawing revealed notable differences. Vitrification, particularly V1, exhibited superior viability (91% for V1, 26% for V2, 79% for SF1, and 83% for SF2 compared to 99.4% in controls). 3D imaging highlighted distinct nephron segments among groups, emphasizing V1's efficacy in preserving both podocytes and tubules in kidney organoids. Cisplatin-induced injury revealed a significant reduction in regenerative capacities in organoids cryopreserved by flow-freezing methods, while the V1 method did not show statistical significance compared to the unfrozen controls. This study underscores vitrification, especially with high concentrations of cryoprotectants, as an effective approach for maintaining kidney organoid viability and structure during cryopreservation, offering practical approaches for kidney organoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Mashouf
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shohei Kuraoka
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haruka Oishi
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Porter CM, Qian GC, Grindel SH, Hughes AJ. Highly parallel production of designer organoids by mosaic patterning of progenitors. Cell Syst 2024; 15:649-661.e9. [PMID: 38981488 PMCID: PMC11257788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Organoids derived from human stem cells are a promising approach for disease modeling, regenerative medicine, and fundamental research. However, organoid variability and limited control over morphological outcomes remain as challenges. One open question is the extent to which engineering control over culture conditions can guide organoids to specific compositions. Here, we extend a DNA "velcro" cell patterning approach, precisely controlling the number and ratio of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitors contributing to nephron progenitor (NP) organoids and mosaic NP/ureteric bud (UB) tip cell organoids within arrays of microwells. We demonstrate long-term control over organoid size and morphology, decoupled from geometric constraints. We then show emergent trends in organoid tissue proportions that depend on initial progenitor cell composition. These include higher nephron and stromal cell representation in mosaic NP/UB organoids vs. NP-only organoids and a "goldilocks" initial cell ratio in mosaic organoids that optimizes the formation of proximal tubule structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Precision Engineering for Health (CPE4H), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Grace C Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samuel H Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Precision Engineering for Health (CPE4H), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Precision Engineering for Health (CPE4H), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Na DH, Cui S, Fang X, Lee H, Eum SH, Shin YJ, Lim SW, Yang CW, Chung BH. Advancements in Research on Genetic Kidney Diseases Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Organoids. Cells 2024; 13:1190. [PMID: 39056771 PMCID: PMC11274677 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic or hereditary kidney disease stands as a pivotal cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The proliferation and widespread utilization of DNA testing in clinical settings have notably eased the diagnosis of genetic kidney diseases, which were once elusive but are now increasingly identified in cases previously deemed CKD of unknown etiology. However, despite these diagnostic strides, research into disease pathogenesis and novel drug development faces significant hurdles, chiefly due to the dearth of appropriate animal models and the challenges posed by limited patient cohorts in clinical studies. Conversely, the advent and utilization of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising avenue for genetic kidney disease research. Particularly, the development of hiPSC-derived kidney organoid systems presents a novel platform for investigating various forms of genetic kidney diseases. Moreover, the integration of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique into this system holds immense potential for efficient research on genetic kidney diseases. This review aims to explore the applications of in vitro kidney organoids generated from hiPSCs in the study of diverse genetic kidney diseases. Additionally, it will delve into the limitations of this research platform and outline future perspectives for advancing research in this crucial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Na
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Cui
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
| | - Xianying Fang
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
| | - Hanbi Lee
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Eum
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Shin
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hu Y, Geng Q, Wang L, Wang Y, Huang C, Fan Z, Kong D. Research progress and application of liver organoids for disease modeling and regenerative therapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:859-874. [PMID: 38802517 PMCID: PMC11213763 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ of the human body and has a high incidence of diseases. In recent years, the annual incidence of liver disease has increased, seriously endangering human life and health. The study of the occurrence and development mechanism of liver diseases, discovery of new therapeutic targets, and establishment of new methods of medical treatment are major issues related to the national economy and people's livelihood. The development of stable and effective research models is expected to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of liver diseases and the search for more effective treatment options. Organoid technology is a new in vitro culture system, and organoids constructed by human cells can simulate the morphological structure, gene expression, and glucose and lipid metabolism of organs in vivo, providing a new model for related research on liver diseases. This paper reviews the latest research progress on liver organoids from the establishment of cell sources and application of liver organoids and discusses their application potential in the field of liver disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Angioenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Angioenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuyue Huang
- Department of Angioenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Angioenterology, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Avenue, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Desong Kong
- Chinese Medicine Modernization and Big Data Research Center, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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13
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Wan Y, Ding J, Jia Z, Hong Y, Tian G, Zheng S, Pan P, Wang J, Liang H. Current trends and research topics regarding organoids: A bibliometric analysis of global research from 2000 to 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32965. [PMID: 39022082 PMCID: PMC11253259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of animal models for biological experiments is no longer sufficient for research related to human life and disease. The development of organ tissues has replaced animal models by mimicking the structure, function, development and homeostasis of natural organs. This provides more opportunities to study human diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases and genetic disorders. In this study, bibliometric methods were used to analyze organoid-related articles published over the last 20+ years to identify emerging trends and frontiers in organoid research. A total of 13,143 articles from 4125 institutions in 86 countries or regions were included in the analysis. The number of papers increased steadily over the 20-year period. The United States was the leading country in terms of number of papers and citations. Harvard Medical School had the highest number of papers published. Keyword analysis revealed research trends and focus areas such as organ tissues, stem cells, 3D culture and tissue engineering. In conclusion, this study used bibliometric and visualization methods to explore the field of organoid research and found that organ tissues are receiving increasing attention in areas such as cancer, drug discovery, personalized medicine, genetic disease modelling and gene repair, making them a current research hotspot and a future research trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Wan
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijie Tian
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqian Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinfei Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyan Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
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Arai Y, Ito H, Shimizu T, Shimoda Y, Song D, Matsuo-Takasaki M, Hayata T, Hayashi Y. Patient-derived and gene-edited pluripotent stem cells lacking NPHP1 recapitulate juvenile nephronophthisis in abnormalities of primary cilia and renal cyst formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1370723. [PMID: 38989059 PMCID: PMC11233770 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1370723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Juvenile nephronophthisis is an inherited renal ciliopathy with cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and end-stage renal failure in children and young adults. Mutations in the NPHP1 gene encoding nephrocystin-1 protein have been identified as the most frequently responsible gene and cause the formation of cysts in the renal medulla. The molecular pathogenesis of juvenile nephronophthisis remains elusive, and no effective medicines to prevent end-stage renal failure exist even today. No human cellular models have been available yet. Here, we report a first disease model of juvenile nephronophthisis using patient-derived and gene-edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and kidney organoids derived from these hiPSCs. We established NPHP1-overexpressing hiPSCs from patient-derived hiPSCs and NPHP1-deficient hiPSCs from healthy donor hiPSCs. Comparing these series of hiPSCs, we found abnormalities in primary cilia associated with NPHP1 deficiency in hiPSCs. Kidney organoids generated from the hiPSCs lacking NPHP1 formed renal cysts frequently in suspension culture with constant rotation. This cyst formation in patient-derived kidney organoids was rescued by overexpression of NPHP1. Transcriptome analysis on these kidney organoids revealed that loss of NPHP1 caused lower expression of genes related to primary cilia in epithelial cells and higher expression of genes related to the cell cycle. These findings suggested the relationship between abnormality in primary cilia induced by NPHP1 loss and abnormal proliferative characteristics in the formation of renal cysts. These findings demonstrated that hiPSC-based systematic disease modeling of juvenile nephronophthisis contributed to elucidating the molecular pathogenesis and developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Arai
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ito
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Shimizu
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuzuno Shimoda
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dan Song
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mami Matsuo-Takasaki
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hayata
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, Bioresource Research Center, RIKEN, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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15
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Huang B, Zeng Z, Kim S, Fausto CC, Koppitch K, Li H, Li Z, Chen X, Guo J, Zhang CC, Ma T, Medina P, Schreiber ME, Xia MW, Vonk AC, Xiang T, Patel T, Li Y, Parvez RK, Der B, Chen JH, Liu Z, Thornton ME, Grubbs BH, Diao Y, Dou Y, Gnedeva K, Ying Q, Pastor-Soler NM, Fei T, Hallows KR, Lindström NO, McMahon AP, Li Z. Long-term expandable mouse and human-induced nephron progenitor cells enable kidney organoid maturation and modeling of plasticity and disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:921-939.e17. [PMID: 38692273 PMCID: PMC11162329 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) self-renew and differentiate into nephrons, the functional units of the kidney. Here, manipulation of p38 and YAP activity allowed for long-term clonal expansion of primary mouse and human NPCs and induced NPCs (iNPCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Molecular analyses demonstrated that cultured iNPCs closely resemble primary human NPCs. iNPCs generated nephron organoids with minimal off-target cell types and enhanced maturation of podocytes relative to published human kidney organoid protocols. Surprisingly, the NPC culture medium uncovered plasticity in human podocyte programs, enabling podocyte reprogramming to an NPC-like state. Scalability and ease of genome editing facilitated genome-wide CRISPR screening in NPC culture, uncovering genes associated with kidney development and disease. Further, NPC-directed modeling of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) identified a small-molecule inhibitor of cystogenesis. These findings highlight a broad application for the reported iNPC platform in the study of kidney development, disease, plasticity, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Huang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zipeng Zeng
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Connor C Fausto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Kari Koppitch
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hui Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zexu Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chennan C Zhang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tianyi Ma
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Pedro Medina
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Megan E Schreiber
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mateo W Xia
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ariel C Vonk
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tianyuan Xiang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tadrushi Patel
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yidan Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Balint Der
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest 3170, Hungary
| | - Jyun Hao Chen
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhenqing Liu
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ksenia Gnedeva
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qilong Ying
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nuria M Pastor-Soler
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Teng Fei
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P.R. China
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhongwei Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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16
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Zhang C, Rehman M, Tian X, Pei SLC, Gu J, Bell TA, Dong K, Tham MS, Cai Y, Wei Z, Behrens F, Jetten AM, Zhao H, Lek M, Somlo S. Glis2 is an early effector of polycystin signaling and a target for therapy in polycystic kidney disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3698. [PMID: 38693102 PMCID: PMC11063051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) show that intact primary cilia are required for cyst growth following the inactivation of polycystin-1. The signaling pathways underlying this process, termed cilia-dependent cyst activation (CDCA), remain unknown. Using translating ribosome affinity purification RNASeq on mouse kidneys with polycystin-1 and cilia inactivation before cyst formation, we identify the differential 'CDCA pattern' translatome specifically dysregulated in kidney tubule cells destined to form cysts. From this, Glis2 emerges as a candidate functional effector of polycystin signaling and CDCA. In vitro changes in Glis2 expression mirror the polycystin- and cilia-dependent changes observed in kidney tissue, validating Glis2 as a cell culture-based indicator of polycystin function related to cyst formation. Inactivation of Glis2 suppresses polycystic kidney disease in mouse models of ADPKD, and pharmacological targeting of Glis2 with antisense oligonucleotides slows disease progression. Glis2 transcript and protein is a functional target of CDCA and a potential therapeutic target for treating ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Rehman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven Lim Cho Pei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ke Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming Shen Tham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zemeng Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Felix Behrens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Monkol Lek
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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17
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Capelli I, Lerario S, Ciurli F, Berti GM, Aiello V, Provenzano M, La Manna G. Investigational agents for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: preclinical and early phase study insights. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:469-484. [PMID: 38618918 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2342327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited kidney condition caused by a single-gene mutation. It leads patients to kidney failure in more than 50% of cases by the age of 60, and, given the dominant inheritance, this disease is present in the family history in more than 90% of cases. AREAS COVERED This review aims to analyze the set of preclinical and early-phase studies to provide a general view of the current progress on ADPKD therapeutic options. Articles from PubMed and the current status of the trials listed in clinicaltrials.gov were examined for the review. EXPERT OPINION Many potential therapeutic targets are currently under study for the treatment of ADPKD. A few drugs have reached the clinical phase, while many are currently still in the preclinical phase. Organoids could be a novel approach to the study of drugs in this phase. Other than pharmacological options, very important developing approaches are represented by gene therapy and the use of MiRNA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Capelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sarah Lerario
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciurli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Berti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Aiello
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Inage Y, Fujimori K, Takasu M, Matsui K, Kinoshita Y, Morimoto K, Koda N, Yamamoto S, Shimada K, Yokoo T, Kobayashi E. Fetal Kidney Grafts and Organoids from Microminiature Pigs: Establishing a Protocol for Production and Long-Term Cryopreservation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4793. [PMID: 38732014 PMCID: PMC11084491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal organs and organoids are important tools for studying organ development. Recently, porcine organs have garnered attention as potential organs for xenotransplantation because of their high degree of similarity to human organs. However, to meet the prompt demand for porcine fetal organs by patients and researchers, effective methods for producing, retrieving, and cryopreserving pig fetuses are indispensable. Therefore, in this study, to collect fetuses for kidney extraction, we employed cesarean sections to preserve the survival and fertility of the mother pig and a method for storing fetal kidneys by long-term cryopreservation. Subsequently, we evaluated the utility of these two methods. We confirmed that the kidneys of pig fetuses retrieved by cesarean section that were cryopreserved for an extended period could resume renal growth when grafted into mice and were capable of forming renal organoids. These results demonstrate the usefulness of long-term cryopreserved fetal pig organs and strongly suggest the effectiveness of our comprehensive system of pig fetus retrieval and fetal organ preservation, thereby highlighting its potential as an accelerator of xenotransplantation research and clinical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Inage
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.I.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Koki Fujimori
- Sumitomo Pharma, Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0045, Japan; (K.F.)
| | - Masaki Takasu
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsui
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.I.)
| | - Yoshitaka Kinoshita
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.I.)
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keita Morimoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.I.)
| | - Nagisa Koda
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.I.)
| | - Shutaro Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.I.)
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.I.)
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Kidney Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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19
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Oishi H, Tabibzadeh N, Morizane R. Advancing preclinical drug evaluation through automated 3D imaging for high-throughput screening with kidney organoids. Biofabrication 2024; 16:10.1088/1758-5090/ad38df. [PMID: 38547531 PMCID: PMC11304660 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad38df] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput drug screening is crucial for advancing healthcare through drug discovery. However, a significant limitation arises from availablein vitromodels using conventional 2D cell culture, which lack the proper phenotypes and architectures observed in three-dimensional (3D) tissues. Recent advancements in stem cell biology have facilitated the generation of organoids-3D tissue constructs that mimic human organsin vitro. Kidney organoids, derived from human pluripotent stem cells, represent a significant breakthrough in disease representation. They encompass major kidney cell types organized within distinct nephron segments, surrounded by stroma and endothelial cells. This tissue allows for the assessment of structural alterations such as nephron loss, a characteristic of chronic kidney disease. Despite these advantages, the complexity of 3D structures has hindered the use of organoids for large-scale drug screening, and the drug screening pipelines utilizing these complexin vitromodels remain to be established for high-throughput screening. In this study, we address the technical limitations of kidney organoids through fully automated 3D imaging, aided by a machine-learning approach for automatic profiling of nephron segment-specific epithelial morphometry. Kidney organoids were exposed to the nephrotoxic agent cisplatin to model severe acute kidney injury. An U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug library was tested for therapeutic and nephrotoxicity screening. The fully automated pipeline of 3D image acquisition and analysis identified nephrotoxic or therapeutic drugs during cisplatin chemotherapy. The nephrotoxic potential of these drugs aligned with previousin vivoand human reports. Additionally, Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in hematological malignancies, was identified as a potential preventive therapy for cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Our proof-of-concept report demonstrates that the automated screening process, using 3D morphometric assays with kidney organoids, enables high-throughput screening for nephrotoxicity and therapeutic assessment in 3D tissue constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Oishi
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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20
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Vishy CE, Thomas C, Vincent T, Crawford DK, Goddeeris MM, Freedman BS. Genetics of cystogenesis in base-edited human organoids reveal therapeutic strategies for polycystic kidney disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:537-553.e5. [PMID: 38579684 PMCID: PMC11325856 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), microscopic tubules expand into macroscopic cysts. Among the world's most common genetic disorders, PKD is inherited via heterozygous loss-of-function mutations but is theorized to require additional loss of function. To test this, we establish human pluripotent stem cells in allelic series representing four common nonsense mutations, using CRISPR base editing. When differentiated into kidney organoids, homozygous mutants spontaneously form cysts, whereas heterozygous mutants (original or base corrected) express no phenotype. Using these, we identify eukaryotic ribosomal selective glycosides (ERSGs) as PKD therapeutics enabling ribosomal readthrough of these same nonsense mutations. Two different ERSGs not only prevent cyst initiation but also limit growth of pre-formed cysts by partially restoring polycystin expression. Furthermore, glycosides accumulate in cyst epithelia in organoids and mice. Our findings define the human polycystin threshold as a surmountable drug target for pharmacological or gene therapy interventions, with relevance for understanding disease mechanisms and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Vishy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Chardai Thomas
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel K Crawford
- Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 950 Winter Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | - Benjamin S Freedman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Plurexa, 1209 6th Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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21
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Dilmen E, Orhon I, Jansen J, Hoenderop JGJ. Advancements in kidney organoids and tubuloids to study (dys)function. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:299-311. [PMID: 37865608 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of kidney diseases urges the need for novel therapies. Kidney organoids and tubuloids are advanced in vitro models and have recently been described as promising tools to study kidney (patho)physiology. Recent developments have shown their application in disease modeling, drug screening, and nephrotoxicity. These applications rely on their ability to mimic (dys)function in vitro including endocrine activity and drug, electrolyte, and water transport. This review provides an overview of these emerging kidney models and focuses on the most recent developments that utilize their functional capabilities. In addition, we cover current limitations and provide future perspectives for this rapidly evolving field, including what these functional properties mean for translational and personalized medicine now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dilmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Orhon
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - J G J Hoenderop
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Tabibzadeh N, Morizane R. Advancements in therapeutic development: kidney organoids and organs on a chip. Kidney Int 2024; 105:702-708. [PMID: 38296026 PMCID: PMC10960684 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The use of animal models in therapeutic development has long been the standard practice. However, ethical concerns and the inherent species differences have prompted a reevaluation of the experimental approach in human disease studies. The urgent need for alternative model systems that better mimic human pathophysiology has led to the emergence of organoids, innovative in vitro models, to simulate human organs in vitro. These organoids have gained widespread acceptance in disease models and drug development research. In this mini review, we explore the recent strides made in kidney organoid differentiation and highlight the synergistic potential of incorporating organ-on-chip systems. The emergent use of microfluidic devices reveals the importance of fluid flow in the maturation of kidney organoids and helps decipher pathomechanisms in kidney diseases. Recent research has uncovered their potential applications across a wide spectrum of kidney research areas, including hemodynamic forces at stake in kidney health and disease, immune cell infiltration, or drug delivery and toxicity. This convergence of cutting-edge technologies not only holds promise for expediting therapeutic development but also reflects an acknowledgment of the need to embrace innovative and more human-centric research models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, EMR 8228, Paris, France
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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23
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Pasquier N, Jaulin F, Peglion F. Inverted apicobasal polarity in health and disease. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261659. [PMID: 38465512 PMCID: PMC10984280 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Apicobasal epithelial polarity controls the functional properties of most organs. Thus, there has been extensive research on the molecular intricacies governing the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. Whereas loss of apicobasal polarity is a well-documented phenomenon associated with multiple diseases, less is known regarding another type of apicobasal polarity alteration - the inversion of polarity. In this Review, we provide a unifying definition of inverted polarity and discuss multiple scenarios in mammalian systems and human health and disease in which apical and basolateral membrane domains are interchanged. This includes mammalian embryo implantation, monogenic diseases and dissemination of cancer cell clusters. For each example, the functional consequences of polarity inversion are assessed, revealing shared outcomes, including modifications in immune surveillance, altered drug sensitivity and changes in adhesions to neighboring cells. Finally, we highlight the molecular alterations associated with inverted apicobasal polarity and provide a molecular framework to connect these changes with the core cell polarity machinery and to explain roles of polarity inversion in health and disease. Based on the current state of the field, failure to respond to extracellular matrix (ECM) cues, increased cellular contractility and membrane trafficking defects are likely to account for most cases of inverted apicobasal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pasquier
- Collective Invasion Team, Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
- Cell Adhesion and Cancer lab, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Fanny Jaulin
- Collective Invasion Team, Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
| | - Florent Peglion
- Collective Invasion Team, Inserm U-1279, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif F-94805, France
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24
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Long HY, Qian ZP, Lan Q, Xu YJ, Da JJ, Yu FX, Zha Y. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids: Current progress and challenges. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:114-125. [PMID: 38455108 PMCID: PMC10915962 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived kidney organoids share similarities with the fetal kidney. However, the current hPSC-derived kidney organoids have some limitations, including the inability to perform nephrogenesis and lack of a corticomedullary definition, uniform vascular system, and coordinated exit pathway for urinary filtrate. Therefore, further studies are required to produce hPSC-derived kidney organoids that accurately mimic human kidneys to facilitate research on kidney development, regeneration, disease modeling, and drug screening. In this review, we discussed recent advances in the generation of hPSC-derived kidney organoids, how these organoids contribute to the understanding of human kidney development and research in disease modeling. Additionally, the limitations, future research focus, and applications of hPSC-derived kidney organoids were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Long
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zu-Ping Qian
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qin Lan
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yong-Jie Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Da
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Fu-Xun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Immune Diseases, National Health Commission, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China.
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25
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Caruso L, Fields M, Rimondi E, Zauli G, Longo G, Marcuzzi A, Previati M, Gonelli A, Zauli E, Milani D. Classical and Innovative Evidence for Therapeutic Strategies in Retinal Dysfunctions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2124. [PMID: 38396799 PMCID: PMC10889839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The human retina is a complex anatomical structure that has no regenerative capacity. The pathogenesis of most retinopathies can be attributed to inflammation, with the activation of the inflammasome protein platform, and to the impact of oxidative stress on the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy/mitophagy in retinal cells. In recent years, new therapeutic approaches to treat retinopathies have been investigated. Experimental data suggest that the secretome of mesenchymal cells could reduce oxidative stress, autophagy, and the apoptosis of retinal cells, and in turn, the secretome of the latter could induce changes in mesenchymal cells. Other studies have evidenced that noncoding (nc)RNAs might be new targets for retinopathy treatment and novel disease biomarkers since a correlation has been found between ncRNA levels and retinopathies. A new field to explore is the interaction observed between the ocular and intestinal microbiota; indeed, recent findings have shown that the alteration of gut microbiota seems to be linked to ocular diseases, suggesting a gut-eye axis. To explore new therapeutical strategies for retinopathies, it is important to use proper models that can mimic the complexity of the retina. In this context, retinal organoids represent a good model for the study of the pathophysiology of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caruso
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Matteo Fields
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Erika Rimondi
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Giovanna Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Annalisa Marcuzzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (L.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Enrico Zauli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniela Milani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.F.); (G.L.); (A.M.); (M.P.); (D.M.)
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26
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Wang SX, Streit A. Shared features in ear and kidney development - implications for oto-renal syndromes. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050447. [PMID: 38353121 PMCID: PMC10886756 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between ear and kidney anomalies has long been recognized. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In the last two decades, embryonic development of the inner ear and kidney has been studied extensively. Here, we describe the developmental pathways shared between both organs with particular emphasis on the genes that regulate signalling cross talk and the specification of progenitor cells and specialised cell types. We relate this to the clinical features of oto-renal syndromes and explore links to developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scarlet Xiaoyan Wang
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrea Streit
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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27
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Mulaudzi PE, Abrahamse H, Crous A. Insights on Three Dimensional Organoid Studies for Stem Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:509-523. [PMID: 38095787 PMCID: PMC10837234 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has developed as a promising discipline that utilizes stem cells to address limitations in traditional therapies, using innovative techniques to restore and repair damaged organs and tissues. One such technique is the generation of three-dimensional (3D) organoids in stem cell therapy. Organoids are 3D constructs that resemble specific organs' structural and functional characteristics and are generated from stem cells or tissue-specific progenitor cells. The use of 3D organoids is advantageous in comparison to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture by bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro research. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements made towards regenerative medicine using stem cells to generate organoids, explore the techniques used in generating 3D organoids and their applications and finally elucidate the challenges and future directions in regenerative medicine using 3D organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precious Earldom Mulaudzi
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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28
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Liu M, Zhang C, Gong X, Zhang T, Lian MM, Chew EGY, Cardilla A, Suzuki K, Wang H, Yuan Y, Li Y, Naik MY, Wang Y, Zhou B, Soon WZ, Aizawa E, Li P, Low JH, Tandiono M, Montagud E, Moya-Rull D, Rodriguez Esteban C, Luque Y, Fang M, Khor CC, Montserrat N, Campistol JM, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Foo JN, Xia Y. Kidney organoid models reveal cilium-autophagy metabolic axis as a therapeutic target for PKD both in vitro and in vivo. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:52-70.e8. [PMID: 38181751 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids offer unprecedented opportunities for studying polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which still has no effective cure. Here, we developed both in vitro and in vivo organoid models of PKD that manifested tubular injury and aberrant upregulation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. Single-cell analysis revealed that a myriad of metabolic changes occurred during cystogenesis, including defective autophagy. Experimental activation of autophagy via ATG5 overexpression or primary cilia ablation significantly inhibited cystogenesis in PKD kidney organoids. Employing the organoid xenograft model of PKD, which spontaneously developed tubular cysts, we demonstrate that minoxidil, a potent autophagy activator and an FDA-approved drug, effectively attenuated cyst formation in vivo. This in vivo organoid model of PKD will enhance our capability to discover novel disease mechanisms and validate candidate drugs for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Chao Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Ximing Gong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Tian Zhang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Michelle Mulan Lian
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Elaine Guo Yan Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Angelysia Cardilla
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Keiichiro Suzuki
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Bioscience, Osaka University, Suita 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Huamin Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Mihir Yogesh Naik
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Bingrui Zhou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Wei Ze Soon
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Emi Aizawa
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pin Li
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Jian Hui Low
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Moses Tandiono
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Enrique Montagud
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Career Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Moya-Rull
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Yosu Luque
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Career Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower, Level 6 The Academia, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Campistol
- Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Career Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jia Nee Foo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, A∗STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
| | - Yun Xia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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Mae SI, Hattanda F, Morita H, Nozaki A, Katagiri N, Ogawa H, Teranaka K, Nishimura Y, Kudoh A, Yamanaka S, Matsuse K, Ryosaka M, Watanabe A, Soga T, Nishio S, Osafune K. Human iPSC-derived renal collecting duct organoid model cystogenesis in ADPKD. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113431. [PMID: 38039961 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), renal cyst lesions predominantly arise from collecting ducts (CDs). However, relevant CD cyst models using human cells are lacking. Although previous reports have generated in vitro renal tubule cyst models from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), therapeutic drug candidates for ADPKD have not been identified. Here, by establishing expansion cultures of hiPSC-derived ureteric bud tip cells, an embryonic precursor that gives rise to CDs, we succeed in advancing the developmental stage of CD organoids and show that all CD organoids derived from PKD1-/- hiPSCs spontaneously develop multiple cysts, clarifying the initiation mechanisms of cystogenesis. Moreover, we identify retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists as candidate drugs that suppress in vitro cystogenesis and confirm the therapeutic effects on an ADPKD mouse model in vivo. Therefore, our in vitro CD cyst model contributes to understanding disease mechanisms and drug discovery for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Mae
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattanda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Morita
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Aya Nozaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Katagiri
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hanako Ogawa
- CyberomiX Co., Ltd., 233 Isa-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8407, Japan
| | - Kaori Teranaka
- CyberomiX Co., Ltd., 233 Isa-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8407, Japan
| | - Yu Nishimura
- CyberomiX Co., Ltd., 233 Isa-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8407, Japan
| | - Aoi Kudoh
- Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sanae Yamanaka
- Institute for Advanced Bioscience, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Kyoko Matsuse
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Ryosaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- CyberomiX Co., Ltd., 233 Isa-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8407, Japan; Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Bioscience, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Saori Nishio
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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30
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Peng K, Xie W, Wang T, Li Y, de Dieu Habimana J, Amissah OB, Huang J, Chen Y, Ni B, Li Z. HIF-1α promotes kidney organoid vascularization and applications in disease modeling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:336. [PMID: 37981699 PMCID: PMC10659095 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) hold huge applications for drug screening, disease modeling, and cell transplanting therapy. However, these applications are limited since kidney organoid cannot maintain complete morphology and function like human kidney. Kidney organoids are not well differentiated since the core of the organoid lacked oxygen, nutrition, and vasculature, which creates essential niches. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α) serves as a critical regulator in vascularization and cell survival under hypoxia environment. Less is known about the role of HIF-1α in kidney organoids in this regard. This study tried to investigate the effect of HIF-1α in kidney organoid vascularization and related disease modeling. METHODS For the vascularization study, kidney organoids were generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We overexpressed HIF-1α via plasmid transfection or treated DMOG (Dimethyloxallyl Glycine, an agent for HIF-1α stabilization and accumulation) in kidney progenitor cells to detect the endothelium. For the disease modeling study, we treated kidney organoid with cisplatin under hypoxia environment, with additional HIF-1α transfection. RESULT HIF-1α overexpression elicited kidney organoid vascularization. The endothelial cells and angiotool analysis parameters were increased in HIF-1α plasmid-transfected and DMOG-treated organoids. These angiogenesis processes were partially blocked by VEGFR inhibitors, semaxanib or axitinib. Cisplatin-induced kidney injury (Cleaved caspase 3) was protected by HIF-1α through the upregulation of CD31 and SOD2. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that HIF-1α elicited the process of kidney organoid vascularization and protected against cisplatin-induced kidney organoid injury in hypoxia environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Peng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanqin Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Obed Boadi Amissah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Ni
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory On Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China.
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31
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Zhu J, Liu F, Mao J. Clinical findings, underlying pathogenetic processes and treatment of vascular dysfunction in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2282027. [PMID: 37970664 PMCID: PMC11001366 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2282027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder characterized by the development of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. The primary cause of ADPKD is mutations in the PKD1 (polycystic kidney disease 1) or PKD2 (polycystic kidney disease 2) gene. Patients with ADPKD often develop a variety of vascular abnormalities, which have a major impact on the structure and function of the blood vessels and can lead to complications such as hypertension, intracranial aneurysm (ICAN), and atherosclerosis. The progression of ADPKD involves intricate molecular and cellular processes that lead to the development of these vascular abnormalities. Our understanding of these processes remains incomplete, and available treatment options are limited. The aim of this review is to delve into the underlying mechanisms of these vascular abnormalities and to explore potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Porter CM, Qian GC, Grindel SH, Hughes AJ. Highly-parallel production of designer organoids by mosaic patterning of progenitors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.25.564017. [PMID: 37961546 PMCID: PMC10634829 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.25.564017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human organoids are a promising approach for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. However, organoid variability and limited control over morphological outcomes remain significant challenges. Here we extend a DNA 'velcro' cell patterning approach, precisely controlling the number and ratio of human stem cell-derived progenitors contributing to nephron and mosaic nephron/ureteric bud organoids within arrays of microwells. We demonstrate long-term control over organoid size and morphology, decoupled from geometric constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Porter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Grace C. Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Samuel H. Grindel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Alex J. Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
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33
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Yoshimura Y, Muto Y, Omachi K, Miner JH, Humphreys BD. Elucidating the Proximal Tubule HNF4A Gene Regulatory Network in Human Kidney Organoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1672-1686. [PMID: 37488681 PMCID: PMC10561821 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT HNF4 genes promote proximal tubule differentiation in mice, but their function in human nephrogenesis is not fully defined. This study uses human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived kidney organoids as a model to investigate HNF4A and HNF4G functions. The loss of HNF4A , but not HNF4G , impaired reabsorption-related molecule expression and microvilli formation in human proximal tubules. Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) sequencing and CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation (CRISPRa) further confirm that HNF4A directly regulates its target genes. Human kidney organoids provide a good model for studying transcriptional regulation in human kidney development. BACKGROUND The proximal tubule plays a major role in electrolyte homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that HNF4A regulates reabsorption-related genes and promotes proximal tubule differentiation during murine kidney development. However, the functions and gene regulatory mechanisms of HNF4 family genes in human nephrogenesis have not yet been investigated. METHODS We generated HNF4A -knock out (KO), HNF4G -KO, and HNF4A/4G -double KO human pluripotent stem cell lines, differentiated each into kidney organoids, and used immunofluorescence analysis, electron microscopy, and RNA-seq to analyze them. We probed HNF4A-binding sites genome-wide by cleavage under targets and release using nuclease sequencing in both human adult kidneys and kidney organoid-derived proximal tubular cells. Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-mediated transcriptional activation validated HNF4A and HNF4G function in proximal tubules during kidney organoid differentiation. RESULTS Organoids lacking HNF4A , but not HNF4G , showed reduced expression of transport-related, endocytosis-related, and brush border-related genes, as well as disorganized brush border structure in the apical lumen of the organoid proximal tubule. Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease revealed that HNF4A primarily bound promoters and enhancers of genes that were downregulated in HNF4A -KO, suggesting direct regulation. Induced expression of HNF4A or HNF4G by CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation drove increased expression of selected target genes during kidney organoid differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals regulatory mechanisms of HNF4A and HNF4G during human proximal tubule differentiation. The experimental strategy can be applied more broadly to investigate transcriptional regulation in human kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yoshiharu Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kohei Omachi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey H. Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin D. Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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34
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Khalil NN, Petersen AP, Song CJ, Chen Y, Takamoto K, Kellogg AC, Chen EZ, McMahon AP, McCain ML. User-friendly microfluidic system reveals native-like morphological and transcriptomic phenotypes induced by shear stress in proximal tubule epithelium. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036106. [PMID: 37584027 PMCID: PMC10424157 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a leading cause of drug attrition, partly due to the limited relevance of pre-clinical models of the proximal tubule. Culturing proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) under fluid flow to mimic physiological shear stress has been shown to improve select phenotypes, but existing flow systems are expensive and difficult to implement by non-experts in microfluidics. Here, we designed and fabricated an accessible and modular flow system for culturing PTECs under physiological shear stress, which induced native-like cuboidal morphology, downregulated pathways associated with hypoxia, stress, and injury, and upregulated xenobiotic metabolism pathways. We also compared the expression profiles of shear-dependent genes in our in vitro PTEC tissues to that of ex vivo proximal tubules and observed stronger clustering between ex vivo proximal tubules and PTECs under physiological shear stress relative to PTECs under negligible shear stress. Together, these data illustrate the utility of our user-friendly flow system and highlight the role of shear stress in promoting native-like morphological and transcriptomic phenotypes in PTECs in vitro, which is critical for developing more relevant pre-clinical models of the proximal tubule for drug screening or disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie N. Khalil
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Andrew P. Petersen
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Yibu Chen
- USC Libraries Bioinformatics Service, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kaelyn Takamoto
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Austin C. Kellogg
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Elaine Zhelan Chen
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Megan L. McCain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 2138210791. URL:https://livingsystemsengineering.usc.edu
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35
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Nishinakamura R. Advances and challenges toward developing kidney organoids for clinical applications. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1017-1027. [PMID: 37541208 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids have enabled modeling of human development and disease. While methods of generating the nephron lineage are well established, new protocols to induce another lineage, the ureteric bud/collecting duct, have been reported in the past 5 years. Many reports have described modeling of various hereditary kidney diseases, with polycystic kidney disease serving as the archetypal disease, by using patient-derived or genome-edited kidney organoids. The generation of more organotypic kidneys is also becoming feasible. In this review, I also discuss the significant challenges for more sophisticated disease modeling and for realizing the ambitious goal of generating transplantable synthetic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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36
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Gerardo-Nava JL, Jansen J, Günther D, Klasen L, Thiebes AL, Niessing B, Bergerbit C, Meyer AA, Linkhorst J, Barth M, Akhyari P, Stingl J, Nagel S, Stiehl T, Lampert A, Leube R, Wessling M, Santoro F, Ingebrandt S, Jockenhoevel S, Herrmann A, Fischer H, Wagner W, Schmitt RH, Kiessling F, Kramann R, De Laporte L. Transformative Materials to Create 3D Functional Human Tissue Models In Vitro in a Reproducible Manner. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301030. [PMID: 37311209 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recreating human tissues and organs in the petri dish to establish models as tools in biomedical sciences has gained momentum. These models can provide insight into mechanisms of human physiology, disease onset, and progression, and improve drug target validation, as well as the development of new medical therapeutics. Transformative materials play an important role in this evolution, as they can be programmed to direct cell behavior and fate by controlling the activity of bioactive molecules and material properties. Using nature as an inspiration, scientists are creating materials that incorporate specific biological processes observed during human organogenesis and tissue regeneration. This article presents the reader with state-of-the-art developments in the field of in vitro tissue engineering and the challenges related to the design, production, and translation of these transformative materials. Advances regarding (stem) cell sources, expansion, and differentiation, and how novel responsive materials, automated and large-scale fabrication processes, culture conditions, in situ monitoring systems, and computer simulations are required to create functional human tissue models that are relevant and efficient for drug discovery, are described. This paper illustrates how these different technologies need to converge to generate in vitro life-like human tissue models that provide a platform to answer health-based scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Gerardo-Nava
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Department of Medicine 2, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Günther
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Klasen
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Lena Thiebes
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastian Niessing
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstraße 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cédric Bergerbit
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna A Meyer
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - John Linkhorst
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Barth
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Saskia Nagel
- Applied Ethics Group, RWTH Aachen University, Theaterplatz 14, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Stiehl
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine - Disease Modeling, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Neurohysiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52057, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering (AVT.CVT), RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Neuroelectronic Interfaces Research Group, RWTH Aachen University, Templergraben 55, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Ingebrandt
- Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 18, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid and Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert H Schmitt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, Steinbachstraße 17, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-boulevard 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology and Department of Medicine 2, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Laura De Laporte
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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37
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Jensen KB, Little MH. Organoids are not organs: Sources of variation and misinformation in organoid biology. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1255-1270. [PMID: 37315519 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the term organoid has moved from obscurity to common use to describe a 3D in vitro cellular model of a tissue that recapitulates structural and functional elements of the in vivo organ it models. The term organoid is now applied to structures formed as a result of two distinct processes: the capacity for adult epithelial stem cells to re-create a tissue niche in vitro and the ability to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to a 3D self-organizing multicellular model of organogenesis. While these two organoid fields rely upon different stem cell types and recapitulate different processes, both share common challenges around robustness, accuracy, and reproducibility. Critically, organoids are not organs. This commentary serves to discuss these challenges, how they impact genuine utility, and shine a light on the need to improve the standards applied to all organoid approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bak Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa Helen Little
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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38
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Soares BX, Miranda CC, Fernandes TG. Systems bioengineering approaches for developmental toxicology. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3272-3279. [PMID: 38213895 PMCID: PMC10781881 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental toxicology is the field of study that examines the effects of chemical and physical agents on developing organisms. By using principles of systems biology and bioengineering, a systems bioengineering approach could be applied to study the complex interactions between developing organisms, the environment, and toxic agents. This approach would result in a holistic understanding of the effects of toxic agents on organisms, by considering the interactions between different biological systems and the impacts of toxicants on those interactions. It would be useful in identifying key biological pathways and mechanisms affected by toxic agents, as well as in the development of predictive models to assess potential risks of exposure to toxicants during development. In this review, we discuss the relevance of systems bioengineering to the field of developmental toxicity and provide up-to-date examples that illustrate the use of engineering principles for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Xavier Soares
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia C. Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- AccelBio, Collaborative Laboratory to Foster Translation and Drug Discovery, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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39
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Yang S, Hu H, Kung H, Zou R, Dai Y, Hu Y, Wang T, Lv T, Yu J, Li F. Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e274. [PMID: 37215622 PMCID: PMC10192887 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that are derived from cells with stem potential and can self-organize and differentiate into 3D cell masses, recapitulating the morphology and functions of their in vivo counterparts. Organoid culture is an emerging 3D culture technology, and organoids derived from various organs and tissues, such as the brain, lung, heart, liver, and kidney, have been generated. Compared with traditional bidimensional culture, organoid culture systems have the unique advantage of conserving parental gene expression and mutation characteristics, as well as long-term maintenance of the function and biological characteristics of the parental cells in vitro. All these features of organoids open up new opportunities for drug discovery, large-scale drug screening, and precision medicine. Another major application of organoids is disease modeling, and especially various hereditary diseases that are difficult to model in vitro have been modeled with organoids by combining genome editing technologies. Herein, we introduce the development and current advances in the organoid technology field. We focus on the applications of organoids in basic biology and clinical research, and also highlight their limitations and future perspectives. We hope that this review can provide a valuable reference for the developments and applications of organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Haijie Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Hengchung Kung
- Krieger School of Arts and SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ruiqi Zou
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yushi Dai
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Yafei Hu
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan ProvinceWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tianrun Lv
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
| | - Jun Yu
- Departments of MedicineJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Departments of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Fuyu Li
- Division of Biliary Tract SurgeryDepartment of General SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina
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40
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Huang B, Zeng Z, Li H, Li Z, Chen X, Guo J, Zhang CC, Schreiber ME, Vonk AC, Xiang T, Patel T, Li Y, Parvez RK, Der B, Chen JH, Liu Z, Thornton ME, Grubbs BH, Diao Y, Dou Y, Gnedeva K, Lindström NO, Ying Q, Pastor-Soler NM, Fei T, Hallows KR, McMahon AP, Li Z. Modeling kidney development, disease, and plasticity with clonal expandable nephron progenitor cells and nephron organoids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542343. [PMID: 37293038 PMCID: PMC10245960 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) self-renew and differentiate into nephrons, the functional units of the kidney. Here we report manipulation of p38 and YAP activity creates a synthetic niche that allows the long-term clonal expansion of primary mouse and human NPCs, and induced NPCs (iNPCs) from human pluripotent stem cells. Cultured iNPCs resemble closely primary human NPCs, generating nephron organoids with abundant distal convoluted tubule cells, which are not observed in published kidney organoids. The synthetic niche reprograms differentiated nephron cells into NPC state, recapitulating the plasticity of developing nephron in vivo. Scalability and ease of genome-editing in the cultured NPCs allow for genome-wide CRISPR screening, identifying novel genes associated with kidney development and disease. A rapid, efficient, and scalable organoid model for polycystic kidney disease was derived directly from genome-edited NPCs, and validated in drug screen. These technological platforms have broad applications to kidney development, disease, plasticity, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Huang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Zipeng Zeng
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hui Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zexu Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chennan C. Zhang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Megan E. Schreiber
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ariel C. Vonk
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tianyuan Xiang
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tadrushi Patel
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yidan Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Riana K. Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Balint Der
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jyun Hao Chen
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhenqing Liu
- Division of Stem Cell Biology Research, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Matthew E. Thornton
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brendan H. Grubbs
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ksenia Gnedeva
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nils O. Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qilong Ying
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Nuria M. Pastor-Soler
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Teng Fei
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth R. Hallows
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhongwei Li
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Lead contact
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41
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Uchimura K. Single-cell RNA sequencing and kidney organoid differentiation. Clin Exp Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s10157-023-02359-5. [PMID: 37209321 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-023-02359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since 2015, Japanese researchers have made great progress in developing a method to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into kidney organoids. Protocols have been established to produce increasingly complex three-dimensional (3D) structures, which are used as a human kidney disease model and adapted for high-throughput screening. During this period, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology was developed to perform a comprehensive analysis at the single-cell level. We have performed a comprehensive analysis using scRNA-seq to define how kidney organoids can be applied to understand kidney development and pathology. The structure of kidney organoids is complex and contains many cell types of varying maturity. Since only a few proteins and mRNAs can be identified by immunostaining and other techniques, we performed scRNA-seq, which is an unbiased technology that can comprehensively categorize all cell types present in organoids. The aim of this study is to review the problems of kidney organoids based on scRNA-seq and the efforts to address the problems and predict future applications with this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Uchimura
- Division of Nephrology, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan.
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42
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Kim S, Koppitch K, Parvez RK, Guo J, Achieng M, Schnell J, Lindström NO, McMahon AP. Comparative single-cell analyses identify shared and divergent features of human and mouse kidney development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.16.540880. [PMID: 37293066 PMCID: PMC10245679 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.540880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian kidneys maintain fluid homeostasis through the cellular activity of nephrons and the conjoined collecting system. Each epithelial network originates from distinct progenitor cell populations that reciprocally interact during development. To extend our understanding of human and mouse kidney development, we profiled chromatin organization (ATAC-seq) and gene expression (RNA-seq) in developing human and mouse kidneys. Data were analyzed at a species level and then integrated into a common, cross-species multimodal data set. Comparative analysis of cell types and developmental trajectories identified conserved and divergent features of chromatin organization and linked gene activity, revealing species- and cell-type specific regulatory programs. Identification of human-specific enhancer regions linked through GWAS studies to kidney disease highlights the potential of developmental modeling to provide clinical insight.
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43
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Vandana JJ, Manrique C, Lacko LA, Chen S. Human pluripotent-stem-cell-derived organoids for drug discovery and evaluation. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:571-591. [PMID: 37146581 PMCID: PMC10775018 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and three-dimensional organoids have ushered in a new era for disease modeling and drug discovery. Over the past decade, significant progress has been in deriving functional organoids from hPSCs, which have been applied to recapitulate disease phenotypes. In addition, these advancements have extended the application of hPSCs and organoids for drug screening and clinical-trial safety evaluations. This review provides an overview of the achievements and challenges in using hPSC-derived organoids to conduct relevant high-throughput, high-contentscreens and drug evaluation. These studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge and toolbox for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jeya Vandana
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, The Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Manrique
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauretta A Lacko
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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44
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Trac N, Ashraf A, Giblin J, Prakash S, Mitragotri S, Chung EJ. Spotlight on Genetic Kidney Diseases: A Call for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine Solutions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6165-6177. [PMID: 36988207 PMCID: PMC10145694 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers have benefited diseases, including cancer, since the 1990s, and more recently, their promise to quickly and efficiently be mobilized to fight against global diseases such as in the COVID-19 pandemic have been proven. Despite these success stories, there are limited nanomedicine efforts for chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), which affect 844 million people worldwide and can be linked to a variety of genetic kidney diseases. In this Perspective, we provide a brief overview of the clinical status of genetic kidney diseases, background on kidney physiology and a summary of nanoparticle design that enable kidney access and targeting, and emerging technological strategies that can be applied for genetic kidney diseases, including rare and congenital kidney diseases. Finally, we conclude by discussing gaps in knowledge remaining in both genetic kidney diseases and kidney nanomedicine and collective efforts that are needed to bring together stakeholders from diverse expertise and industries to enable the development of the most relevant drug delivery strategies that can make an impact in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Trac
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Anisa Ashraf
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Joshua Giblin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Supriya Prakash
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John
A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, Massachusetts 02134, United States
- Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Division
of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School
of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Norris
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University
of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Eli and Edythe
Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Division
of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery,
Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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45
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Konoe R, Morizane R. Strategies for Improving Vascularization in Kidney Organoids: A Review of Current Trends. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:503. [PMID: 37106704 PMCID: PMC10135596 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids possess the potential to revolutionize the treatment of renal diseases. However, their growth and maturation are impeded by insufficient growth of blood vessels. Through a PubMed search, we have identified 34 studies that attempted to address this challenge. Researchers are exploring various approaches including animal transplantation, organ-on-chips, and extracellular matrices (ECMs). The most prevalent method to promote the maturation and vascularization of organoids involves transplanting them into animals for in vivo culture, creating an optimal environment for organoid growth and the development of a chimeric vessel network between the host and organoids. Organ-on-chip technology permits the in vitro culture of organoids, enabling researchers to manipulate the microenvironment and investigate the key factors that influence organoid development. Lastly, ECMs have been discovered to aid the formation of blood vessels during organoid differentiation. ECMs from animal tissue have been particularly successful, although the underlying mechanisms require further research. Future research building upon these recent studies may enable the generation of functional kidney tissues for replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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46
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Zhou JX, Torres VE. Drug repurposing in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2023; 103:859-871. [PMID: 36870435 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is characterized by progressive kidney cyst formation that leads to kidney failure. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin 2 receptor antagonist, is the only drug approved to treat patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who have rapid disease progression. The use of tolvaptan is limited by reduced tolerability from aquaretic effects and potential hepatotoxicity. Thus, the search for more effective drugs to slow down the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is urgent and challenging. Drug repurposing is a strategy for identifying new clinical indications for approved or investigational medications. Drug repurposing is increasingly becoming an attractive proposition because of its cost-efficiency and time-efficiency and known pharmacokinetic and safety profiles. In this review, we focus on the repurposing approaches to identify suitable drug candidates to treat autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and prioritization and implementation of candidates with high probability of success. Identification of drug candidates through understanding of disease pathogenesis and signaling pathways is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Xia Zhou
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Mayo Clinic Robert M. and Billie Kelley Pirnie Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Mayo Clinic Robert M. and Billie Kelley Pirnie Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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47
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Bender E. How organoids are advancing the understanding of chronic kidney disease. Nature 2023; 615:S10-S11. [PMID: 36890366 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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48
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Kitzler TM, Chun J. Understanding the Current Landscape of Kidney Disease in Canada to Advance Precision Medicine Guided Personalized Care. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023; 10:20543581231154185. [PMID: 36798634 PMCID: PMC9926383 DOI: 10.1177/20543581231154185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review To understand the impact of kidney disease in Canada and the priority areas of kidney research that can benefit from patient-oriented, precision medicine research using novel technologies. Sources of Information Information was collected through discussions between health care professionals, researchers, and patient partners. Literature was compiled using search engines (PubMed, PubMed central, Medline, and Google) and data from the Canadian Organ Replacement Register. Methods We reviewed the impact, prevalence, economic burden, causes of kidney disease, and priority research areas in Canada. After reviewing the priority areas for kidney research, potential avenues for future research that can integrate precision medicine initiatives for patient-oriented research were outlined. Key Findings Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains among the top causes of morbidity and mortality in the world and exerts a large financial strain on the health care system. Despite the increasing number of people with CKD, funding for basic kidney research continues to trail behind other diseases. Current funding strategies favor existing clinical treatment and patient educational strategies. The identification of genetic factors for various forms of kidney disease in the adult and pediatric populations provides mechanistic insight into disease pathogenesis. Allocation of resources and funding toward existing high-yield personalized research initiatives have the potential to significantly affect patient-oriented research outcomes but will be difficult due to a constant decline of funding for kidney research. Limitations This is an overview primarily focused on Canadian-specific literature rather than a comprehensive systematic review of the literature. The scope of our findings and conclusions may not be applicable to health care systems in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Kitzler
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Chun
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, AB, Canada,Justin Chun, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, 4A12, 3280 Hospital Drive Northwest, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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The "3Ds" of Growing Kidney Organoids: Advances in Nephron Development, Disease Modeling, and Drug Screening. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040549. [PMID: 36831216 PMCID: PMC9954122 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A kidney organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregate grown from stem cells in vitro that undergoes self-organization, recapitulating aspects of normal renal development to produce nephron structures that resemble the native kidney organ. These miniature kidney-like structures can also be derived from primary patient cells and thus provide simplified context to observe how mutations in kidney-disease-associated genes affect organogenesis and physiological function. In the past several years, advances in kidney organoid technologies have achieved the formation of renal organoids with enhanced numbers of specialized cell types, less heterogeneity, and more architectural complexity. Microfluidic bioreactor culture devices, single-cell transcriptomics, and bioinformatic analyses have accelerated the development of more sophisticated renal organoids and tailored them to become increasingly amenable to high-throughput experimentation. However, many significant challenges remain in realizing the use of kidney organoids for renal replacement therapies. This review presents an overview of the renal organoid field and selected highlights of recent cutting-edge kidney organoid research with a focus on embryonic development, modeling renal disease, and personalized drug screening.
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Kuo TC, Cabrera-Barragan DN, Lopez-Marfil M, Lopez-Cantu DO, Lemos DR. Can Kidney Organoid Xenografts Accelerate Therapeutic Development for Genetic Kidney Disorders? J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:184-190. [PMID: 36344066 PMCID: PMC10103095 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genetic kidney diseases can now be replicated experimentally, using kidney organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells. This methodology holds great potential for drug discovery. Under in vitro conditions, however, kidney organoids remain developmentally immature, develop scarce vasculature, and may contain undesired off-target cell types. Those critical deficiencies limit their potential as disease-modeling tools. Orthotopic transplantation under the kidney capsule improves the anatomic maturity and vascularization of kidney organoids, while reducing off-target cell content. The improvements can translate into more accurate representations of disease phenotypes and mechanisms in vivo . Recent studies using kidney organoid xenografts highlighted the unique potential of this novel methodology for elucidating molecular mechanisms driving monogenic kidney disorders and for the development ofnovel pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Kuo
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dalia N. Cabrera-Barragan
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marta Lopez-Marfil
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana O. Lopez-Cantu
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dario R. Lemos
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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