1
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Ma N, Mourkioti F. Ex vivo two-photon imaging of whole-mount skeletal muscles to visualize stem cell behavior. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102772. [PMID: 38085638 PMCID: PMC10733746 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous and exhibit different lengths of cellular extensions, which we call protrusions. Here, we present a protocol for ex vivo two-photon imaging of MuSCs in their native environment. We describe steps for muscle dissection, fixation, embedding, imaging, and analysis of datasets. This protocol allows the examination of MuSC morphology and protrusions at the single-cell level as well as stem cell numbers. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Ma et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoying Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Regeneration Program, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Cisterna B, Malatesta M. Molecular and Structural Alterations of Skeletal Muscle Tissue Nuclei during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1833. [PMID: 38339110 PMCID: PMC10855217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are certainly multifactorial and still remain to be fully elucidated. Changes in the cell nucleus structure and function have been considered among the possible contributing causes. This review offers an overview of the current knowledge on skeletal muscle nuclei in aging, focusing on the impairment of nuclear pathways potentially involved in age-related muscle decline. In skeletal muscle two types of cells are present: fiber cells, constituting the contractile muscle mass and containing hundreds of myonuclei, and the satellite cells, i.e., the myogenic mononuclear stem cells occurring at the periphery of the fibers and responsible for muscle growth and repair. Research conducted on different experimental models and with different methodological approaches demonstrated that both the myonuclei and satellite cell nuclei of aged skeletal muscles undergo several structural and molecular alterations, affecting chromatin organization, gene expression, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional activities. These alterations play a key role in the impairment of muscle fiber homeostasis and regeneration, thus contributing to the age-related decrease in skeletal muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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3
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Tichy ED, Lee JH, Li G, Estep KN, Brad Johnson F, Mourkioti F. Impacts of radiation exposure, hindlimb unloading, and recovery on murine skeletal muscle cell telomere length. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:76. [PMID: 37714858 PMCID: PMC10504369 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Astronauts are exposed to harsh conditions, including cosmic radiation and microgravity. Spaceflight elongates human telomeres in peripheral blood, which shorten upon return to Earth and approach baseline levels during postflight recovery. Astronauts also encounter muscle atrophy, losing up to 20% loss of muscle mass on spaceflights. Telomere length changes in muscle cells of astronauts remain unexplored. This study investigates telomere alterations in grounded mice experiencing radiation exposure and muscle atrophy, via a hindlimb unloading spaceflight mimicking model. We find telomere lengthening is present in muscle stem cells and in myofiber nuclei, but not in muscle-resident endothelial cells. We further assessed telomere length in the model following hindlimb unloading recovery. We find that telomere length failed to return to baseline values. Our results suggest a role for telomeres in muscle acclimatization, which is relevant for the well-being of astronauts in space, and upon their return to Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Grant Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katrina N Estep
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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4
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Wang T, Xu H, Wu S, Guo Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG in Sarcopenia Prevention and Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37316469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent among the older population and severely affects human health. Tea catechins may benefit for skeletal muscle performance and protect against secondary sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying their antisarcopenic effect are still not fully understood. Despite initial successes in animal and early clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin of green tea, many challenges, problems, and unanswered questions remain. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential role and underlying mechanisms of EGCG in sarcopenia prevention and management. We thoroughly review the general biological activities and general effects of EGCG on skeletal muscle performance, EGCG's antisarcopenic mechanisms, and recent clinical evidence of the aforesaid effects and mechanisms. We also address safety issues and provide directions for future studies. The possible concerted actions of EGCG indicate the need for further studies on sarcopenia prevention and management in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
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5
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Consalvi S, Tucciarone L, Macrì E, De Bardi M, Picozza M, Salvatori I, Renzini A, Valente S, Mai A, Moresi V, Puri PL. Determinants of epigenetic resistance to HDAC inhibitors in dystrophic fibro‐adipogenic progenitors. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54721. [PMID: 35383427 PMCID: PMC9171680 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Consalvi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy
- UniCamillus ‐ Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences Rome Italy
| | - Luca Tucciarone
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Elisa Macrì
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Marco De Bardi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Mario Picozza
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Illari Salvatori
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome "La Sapienza" Rome Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology DAHFMO University of Rome "La Sapienza" Rome Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies University of Rome "La Sapienza" Rome Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies University of Rome "La Sapienza" Rome Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology DAHFMO University of Rome "La Sapienza" Rome Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology (Nanotec) National Research Council (CNR), Rome Unit Rome Italy
| | - Pier Lorenzo Puri
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute La Jolla CA USA
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6
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Ma N, Chen D, Lee JH, Kuri P, Hernandez EB, Kocan J, Mahmood H, Tichy ED, Rompolas P, Mourkioti F. Piezo1 regulates the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles via orchestration of stem cell morphological states. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn0485. [PMID: 35302846 PMCID: PMC8932657 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for tissue homeostasis and regeneration, but the potential contribution of MuSC morphology to in vivo function remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that quiescent MuSCs are morphologically heterogeneous and exhibit different patterns of cellular protrusions. We classified quiescent MuSCs into three functionally distinct stem cell states: responsive, intermediate, and sensory. We demonstrate that the shift between different stem cell states promotes regeneration and is regulated by the sensing protein Piezo1. Pharmacological activation of Piezo1 is sufficient to prime MuSCs toward more responsive cells. Piezo1 deletion in MuSCs shifts the distribution toward less responsive cells, mimicking the disease phenotype we find in dystrophic muscles. We further demonstrate that Piezo1 reactivation ameliorates the MuSC morphological and regenerative defects of dystrophic muscles. These findings advance our fundamental understanding of how stem cells respond to injury and identify Piezo1 as a key regulator for adjusting stem cell states essential for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoying Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Delia Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ji-Hyung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paola Kuri
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward Blake Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob Kocan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hamd Mahmood
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elisia D. Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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Genetic and Epigenetic Inheritance at Telomeres. EPIGENOMES 2022; 6:epigenomes6010009. [PMID: 35323213 PMCID: PMC8947350 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenerational inheritance can occur at telomeres in distinct contexts. Deficiency for telomerase or telomere-binding proteins in germ cells can result in shortened or lengthened chromosome termini that are transmitted to progeny. In human families, altered telomere lengths can result in stem cell dysfunction or tumor development. Genetic inheritance of altered telomeres as well as mutations that alter telomeres can result in progressive telomere length changes over multiple generations. Telomeres of yeast can modulate the epigenetic state of subtelomeric genes in a manner that is mitotically heritable, and the effects of telomeres on subtelomeric gene expression may be relevant to senescence or other human adult-onset disorders. Recently, two novel epigenetic states were shown to occur at C. elegans telomeres, where very low or high levels of telomeric protein foci can be inherited for multiple generations through a process that is regulated by histone methylation.Together, these observations illustrate that information relevant to telomere biology can be inherited via genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, although the broad impact of epigenetic inheritance to human biology remains unclear.
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8
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Dynamics of skeletal muscle-resident stem cells during myogenesis in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:5. [PMID: 35031614 PMCID: PMC8760285 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease in which extraskeletal (heterotopic) bone forms within tissues such as skeletal muscles, often in response to injury. Mutations in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1/ALK2 cause FOP by increasing BMP pathway signaling. In contrast to the growing understanding of the inappropriate formation of bone tissue within the muscle in FOP, much is still unknown about the regenerative capacity of adult diseased muscles. Utilizing an inducible ACVR1R206H knock-in mouse, we found that injured Acvr1R206H/+ skeletal muscle tissue regenerates poorly. We demonstrated that while two resident stem cell populations, muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), have similar proliferation rates after injury, the differentiation potential of mutant MuSCs is compromised. Although MuSC-specific deletion of the ACVR1R206H mutation does not alter the regenerative potential of skeletal muscles in vivo, Acvr1R206H/+ MuSCs form underdeveloped fibers that fail to fuse in vitro. We further determined that FAPs from Acvr1R206H/+ mice repress the MuSC-mediated formation of Acvr1R206H/+ myotubes in vitro. These results identify a previously unrecognized role for ACVR1R206H in myogenesis in FOP, via improper interaction of tissue-resident stem cells during skeletal muscle regeneration.
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9
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Tichy ED, Mourkioti F. Telomere length assessments of muscle stem cells in rodent and human skeletal muscle sections. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100830. [PMID: 34585163 PMCID: PMC8450295 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of telomere length in skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs), a rare cell population within muscles, provide insights into cellular dysfunction in diseased conditions. Here, we describe a protocol (cryosection muscle quantitative fluorescent in situhybridization) using skeletal muscle cryosections for assessments of telomere length in MuSCs, in their native environment. Using a free software, telomere length measurements are assessed on a single-cell level. We also provide methodology to perform data analyses in several ways. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tichy et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Regeneration Program, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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10
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Yao L, Tichy ED, Zhong L, Mohanty S, Wang L, Ai E, Yang S, Mourkioti F, Qin L. Gli1 Defines a Subset of Fibro-adipogenic Progenitors that Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration With Less Fat Accumulation. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1159-1173. [PMID: 33529374 PMCID: PMC8633884 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has remarkable regenerative ability after injury. Mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are necessary, active participants during this repair process, but the molecular signatures of these cells and their functional relevance remain largely unexplored. Here, using a lineage tracing mouse model (Gli1-CreER Tomato), we demonstrate that Gli1 marks a small subset of muscle-resident FAPs with elevated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Upon notexin muscle injury, these cells preferentially and rapidly expanded within FAPs. Ablation of Gli1+ cells using a DTA mouse model drastically reduced fibroblastic colony-forming unit (CFU-F) colonies generated by muscle cells and impaired muscle repair at 28 days. Pharmacologic manipulation revealed that Gli1+ FAPs rely on Hh signaling to increase the size of regenerating myofiber. Sorted Gli1+ FAPs displayed superior clonogenicity and reduced adipogenic differentiation ability in culture compared to sorted Gli1- FAPs. In a glycerol injury model, Gli1+ FAPs were less likely to give rise to muscle adipocytes compared to other FAPs. Further cell ablation and Hh activator/inhibitor treatments demonstrated their dual actions in enhancing myogenesis and reducing adipogenesis after injury. Examining single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of FAPs from normal mice indicated that Gli1+ FAPs with increased Hh signaling provide trophic signals to myogenic cells while restrict their own adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, our findings identified a subpopulation of FAPs that play an essential role in skeletal muscle repair. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarthak Mohanty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily Ai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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11
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Vita GL, Politano L, Berardinelli A, Vita G. Have Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patients an Increased Cancer Risk? J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:1063-1067. [PMID: 34024777 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene is involved in the occurrence of different types of cancer. Moreover, development of sarcomas was reported in mdx mice, the murine model of DMD, in older age. So far, nine isolated DMD patients were reported with concomitant cancer, four of whom with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), but no systematic investigation was performed about the true incidence of cancer in DMD. METHODS All members of the Italian Association of Myology were asked about the occurrence of cancer in their DMD patients in the last 30 years. RESULTS Four DMD patients with cancer were reported after checking 2455 medical records. One developed brain tumour at the age of 35 years. Two patients had alveolar RMS at 14 and 17 years of age. The fourth patient had a benign enchondroma when 11-year-old. CONCLUSION Prevalence of cancer in general in the Italian DMD patients does not seem to be different from that in the general population with the same age range. Although the small numbers herein presented do not allow definitive conclusion, the frequent occurrence of RMS in DMD patients raises an alert for basic researchers and clinicians. The role of DMD gene in cancer merits further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Tichy ED, Ma N, Sidibe D, Loro E, Kocan J, Chen DZ, Khurana TS, Hasty P, Mourkioti F. Persistent NF-κB activation in muscle stem cells induces proliferation-independent telomere shortening. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109098. [PMID: 33979621 PMCID: PMC8183356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During the repeated cycles of damage and repair in many muscle disorders, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the muscle stem cell (MuSC) pool becomes less efficient at responding to and repairing damage. The underlying mechanism of such stem cell dysfunction is not fully known. Here, we demonstrate that the distinct early telomere shortening of diseased MuSCs in both mice and young DMD patients is associated with aberrant NF-κB activation. We find that prolonged NF-κB activation in MuSCs in chronic injuries leads to shortened telomeres and Ku80 dysregulation and results in severe skeletal muscle defects. Our studies provide evidence of a role for NF-κB in regulating stem-cell-specific telomere length, independently of cell replication, and could be a congruent mechanism that is applicable to additional tissues and/or diseases characterized by systemic chronic inflammation. Tichy et al. reveal a role for NF-κB signaling in regulating telomere length in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) after chronic injuries. Persistent activation of NF-κB leads to shortened telomeres, Ku80 dysregulation, and muscle defects. The findings link stem cell dysfunction and NF-κB-dependent telomere shortening in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nuoying Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Sidibe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emanuele Loro
- Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jacob Kocan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Delia Z Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tejvir S Khurana
- Department of Physiology and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul Hasty
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Regeneration Program, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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13
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Liu X, Chai Y, Liu G, Su W, Guo Q, Lv X, Gao P, Yu B, Ferbeyre G, Cao X, Wan M. Osteoclasts protect bone blood vessels against senescence through the angiogenin/plexin-B2 axis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1832. [PMID: 33758201 PMCID: PMC7987975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs), one of the most effective treatments for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions in children, have adverse effects on the growing skeleton. GCs inhibit angiogenesis in growing bone, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that GC treatment in young mice induces vascular endothelial cell senescence in metaphysis of long bone, and that inhibition of endothelial cell senescence improves GC-impaired bone angiogenesis with coupled osteogenesis. We identify angiogenin (ANG), a ribonuclease with pro-angiogenic activity, secreted by osteoclasts as a key factor for protecting the neighboring vascular cells against senescence. ANG maintains the proliferative activity of endothelial cells through plexin-B2 (PLXNB2)-mediated transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). GC treatment inhibits ANG production by suppressing osteoclast formation in metaphysis, resulting in impaired endothelial cell rRNA transcription and subsequent cellular senescence. These findings reveal the role of metaphyseal blood vessel senescence in mediating the action of GCs on growing skeleton and establish the ANG/PLXNB2 axis as a molecular basis for the osteoclast-vascular interplay in skeletal angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bone Development/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- Cellular Senescence/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Methylprednisolone/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Osteoclasts/enzymology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- RNA, Ribosomal/biosynthesis
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Recombinant Proteins
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/genetics
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanqiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qiaoyue Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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14
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Sarkar A, Saha S, Paul A, Maji A, Roy P, Maity TK. Understanding stem cells and its pivotal role in regenerative medicine. Life Sci 2021; 273:119270. [PMID: 33640402 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are clonogenic cells that develop into the specialized cells which later responsible for making up various types of tissue in the human body. SCs are not only the appropriate source of information for cell division, molecular and cellular processes, and tissue homeostasis but also one of the major putative biological aids to diagnose and cure various degenerative diseases. This study emphasises on various research outputs that occurred in the past two decades. This will give brief information on classification, differentiation, detection, and various isolation techniques of SCs. Here, the various signalling pathways which includes WNT, Sonic hedgehog, Notch, BMI1 and C-met pathways and how does it effect on the regeneration of various classes of SCs and factors that regulates the potency of the SCs are also been discussed. We also focused on the application of SCs in the area of regenerative medicine along with the cellular markers that are useful as salient diagnostic or curative tools or in both, by the process of reprogramming, which includes diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders and neurological disorders. The biomarkers that are mentioned in various literatures and experiments include PDX1, FOXA2, HNF6, and NKX6-1 (for diabetes); CD33, CD24, CD133 (for cancer); c-Kit, SCA-1, Wilm's tumor 1 (for cardiovascular disorders); and OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, EN1, DAT and VMAT2 (for neurological disorders). In this review, we come to know the advancements and scopes of potential SC-based therapies, its diverse applications in clinical fields that can be helpful in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sanjukta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Puspita Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India.
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15
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Jones L, Naidoo M, Machado LR, Anthony K. The Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene and cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:19-32. [PMID: 33188621 PMCID: PMC7906933 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene causes Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, degenerative neuromuscular disorders that primarily affect voluntary muscles. However, increasing evidence implicates DMD in the development of all major cancer types. DMD is a large gene with 79 exons that codes for the essential muscle protein dystrophin. Alternative promotor usage drives the production of several additional dystrophin protein products with roles that extend beyond skeletal muscle. The importance and function(s) of these gene products outside of muscle are not well understood. CONCLUSIONS We highlight a clear role for DMD in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including sarcomas, leukaemia's, lymphomas, nervous system tumours, melanomas and various carcinomas. We note that the normal balance of DMD gene products is often disrupted in cancer. The short dystrophin protein Dp71 is, for example, typically maintained in cancer whilst the full-length Dp427 gene product, a likely tumour suppressor, is frequently inactivated in cancer due to a recurrent loss of 5' exons. Therefore, the ratio of short and long gene products may be important in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarise the tumours in which DMD is implicated and provide a hypothesis for possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis, although the question of cause or effect may remain. We hope to stimulate further study into the potential role of DMD gene products in cancer and the development of novel therapeutics that target DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Jones
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton, NN1 5PH, UK
| | - Michael Naidoo
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton, NN1 5PH, UK
| | - Lee R Machado
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton, NN1 5PH, UK
- Department of Genetics and Genome Science, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, Leicester, UK
| | - Karen Anthony
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, University Drive, Northampton, NN1 5PH, UK.
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16
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Abstract
Significance: Senescence is a cellular state induced by internal or external stimuli, which result in cell cycle arrest, morphological changes, and dysfunctions in mitochondrial and lysosomal functionality as well as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Senescent cells accumulate in tissues in physiological and pathological conditions such as development, tissue repair, aging, and cancer. Recent Advances: Growing evidences indicate that senescent cells in vivo are a heterogeneous cell population due to different cell-autonomous activated pathways and distinct microenvironmental contexts. Critical Issues: In this review, we discuss the different contexts where senescence assumes a key role with beneficial or harmful outcomes. The heterogeneous nature of senescence pushes toward resolution of the specific molecular profile and secretome to typify senescent cells in physiological and pathological contexts. Future Directions: Future research will enable exploring the heterogeneity of the senescent population to precisely map the progression of cells through senescent trajectories and study the impact of the therapeutic advantage of senolytic drugs for translational strategies toward supporting the health span. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 294-307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura Belloni
- Department of Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Clinical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Latella
- Epigenetics and Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
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17
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Wiedmer P, Jung T, Castro JP, Pomatto LC, Sun PY, Davies KJ, Grune T. Sarcopenia - Molecular mechanisms and open questions. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 65:101200. [PMID: 33130247 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia represents a muscle-wasting syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength occurring during normal aging. Sarcopenia patients are mainly suffering from the loss in muscle strength and are faced with mobility disorders reducing their quality of life and are, therefore, at higher risk for morbidity (falls, bone fracture, metabolic diseases) and mortality. Several molecular mechanisms have been described as causes for sarcopenia that refer to very different levels of muscle physiology. These mechanisms cover e. g. function of hormones (e. g. IGF-1 and Insulin), muscle fiber composition and neuromuscular drive, myo-satellite cell potential to differentiate and proliferate, inflammatory pathways as well as intracellular mechanisms in the processes of proteostasis and mitochondrial function. In this review, we describe sarcopenia as a muscle-wasting syndrome distinct from other atrophic diseases and summarize the current view on molecular causes of sarcopenia development as well as open questions provoking further research efforts for establishing efficient lifestyle and therapeutic interventions.
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18
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Naikawadi RP, Green G, Jones KD, Achtar-Zadeh N, Mieleszko JE, Arnould I, Kukreja J, Greenland JR, Wolters PJ. Airway Epithelial Telomere Dysfunction Drives Remodeling Similar to Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:490-501. [PMID: 32551854 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0374oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere dysfunction is associated with multiple fibrotic lung processes, including chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)-the major limitation to long-term survival following lung transplantation. Although shorter donor telomere lengths are associated with an increased risk of CLAD, it is unknown whether short telomeres are a cause or consequence of CLAD pathology. Our objective was to test whether telomere dysfunction contributes to the pathologic changes observed in CLAD. Histopathologic and molecular analysis of human CLAD lungs demonstrated shortened telomeres in lung epithelial cells quantified by teloFISH, increased numbers of surfactant protein C immunoreactive type II alveolar epithelial cells, and increased expression of senescence markers (β-galactosidase, p16, p53, and p21) in lung epithelial cells. TRF1F/F (telomere repeat binding factor 1 flox/flox) mice were crossed with tamoxifen-inducible SCGB1a1-cre mice to generate SCGB1a1-creTRF1F/F mice. Following 9 months of tamoxifen-induced deletion of TRF1 in club cells, mice developed mixed obstructive and restrictive lung physiology, small airway obliteration on microcomputed tomography, a fourfold decrease in telomere length in airway epithelial cells, collagen deposition around bronchioles and adjacent lung parenchyma, increased type II aveolar epithelial cell numbers, expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase in epithelial cells, and decreased SCGB1a1 expression in airway epithelial cells. These findings demonstrate that telomere dysfunction isolated to airway epithelial cells leads to airway-centric lung remodeling and fibrosis similar to that observed in patients with CLAD and suggest that lung epithelial cell telomere dysfunction may be a molecular driver of CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Naikawadi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Gary Green
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Natalia Achtar-Zadeh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Julia E Mieleszko
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Isabel Arnould
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and
| | - John R Greenland
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul J Wolters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
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19
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Jimenez-Gutierrez GE, Mondragon-Gonzalez R, Soto-Ponce LA, Gómez-Monsiváis WL, García-Aguirre I, Pacheco-Rivera RA, Suárez-Sánchez R, Brancaccio A, Magaña JJ, C.R. Perlingeiro R, Cisneros B. Loss of Dystroglycan Drives Cellular Senescence via Defective Mitosis-Mediated Genomic Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4961. [PMID: 32674290 PMCID: PMC7404207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear β-dystroglycan (β-DG) is involved in the maintenance of nuclear architecture and function. Nonetheless, its relevance in defined nuclear processes remains to be determined. In this study we generated a C2C12 cell-based DG-null model using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to provide insights into the role of β-DG on nuclear processes. Since DG-null cells exhibited decreased levels of lamin B1, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of DG to senescence, owing to the central role of lamin B1 in this pathway. Remarkably, the lack of DG enables C2C12 cells to acquire senescent features, including cell-cycle arrest, increased senescence-associated-β-galactosidase activity, heterochromatin loss, aberrant nuclear morphology and nucleolar disruption. We demonstrated that genomic instability is one driving cause of the senescent phenotype in DG-null cells via the activation of a DNA-damage response associated with mitotic failure, as shown by the presence of multipolar mitotic spindles, which in turn induced the formation of micronuclei and γH2AX foci (DNA-damage marker), telomere shortening and p53/p21 upregulation. Altogether, these events might ultimately lead to premature senescence, impeding the replication of the damaged genome. In summary, we present evidence supporting a role for DG in protecting against senescence, through the maintenance of proper lamin B1 expression/localization and proper mitotic spindle organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Elizabeth Jimenez-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Mondragon-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Luz Adriana Soto-Ponce
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Wendy Lilián Gómez-Monsiváis
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Ian García-Aguirre
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
| | - Ruth Abigail Pacheco-Rivera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Rocío Suárez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
| | - Andrea Brancaccio
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC), 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Jonathan Javier Magaña
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico;
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey-Campus Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México 14380, Mexico
| | - Rita C.R. Perlingeiro
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (G.E.J.-G.); (R.M.-G.); (L.A.S.-P.); (W.L.G.-M.); (I.G.-A.)
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20
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Abstract
Frailty is a clinical state of vulnerability to stressors resulting from cumulative alterations in multiple physiological and molecular systems. Frailty assessment in patients with chronic disease is useful for identifying those who are at increased risk for poor clinical and patient reported outcomes. Due to biobehavioral changes purported to cause both frailty and certain chronic lung diseases, patients with lung disease appear susceptible to frailty and prone to developing it decades earlier than community dwelling healthy populations. Herein, we review the literature and potential pathobiological mechanisms underpinning associations between frailty in lung disease and age, sex, comorbidity and symptom burden, severity of lung disease, inflammatory biomarkers, various clinical parameters, body composition measures, and physical activity levels. We also propose a multipronged program of future research focused on improving the accuracy and precision of frailty measurement in lung disease, identifying blood-based biomarkers and measures of body composition for frailty, determining whether subphenotypes of frailty with distinct pathobiology exist, and developing personalized interventions that target the specific underlying mechanisms causing frailty.
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21
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Effect of exercise on telomere length and telomere proteins expression in mdx mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:189-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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22
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Vinayagamurthy S, Ganguly A, Chowdhury S. Extra-telomeric impact of telomeres: Emerging molecular connections in pluripotency or stemness. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10245-10254. [PMID: 32444498 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.009710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres comprise specialized nucleic acid-protein complexes that help protect chromosome ends from DNA damage. Moreover, telomeres associate with subtelomeric regions through looping. This results in altered expression of subtelomeric genes. Recent observations further reveal telomere length-dependent gene regulation and epigenetic modifications at sites spread across the genome and distant from telomeres. This regulation is mediated through the telomere-binding protein telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2). These observations suggest a role of telomeres in extra-telomeric functions. Most notably, telomeres have a broad impact on pluripotency and differentiation. For example, cardiomyocytes differentiate with higher efficacy from induced pluripotent stem cells having long telomeres, and differentiated cells obtained from human embryonic stem cells with relatively long telomeres have a longer lifespan. Here, we first highlight reports on these two seemingly distinct research areas: the extra-telomeric role of telomere-binding factors and the role of telomeres in pluripotency/stemness. On the basis of the observations reported in these studies, we draw attention to potential molecular connections between extra-telomeric biology and pluripotency. Finally, in the context of the nonlocal influence of telomeres on pluripotency and stemness, we discuss major opportunities for progress in molecular understanding of aging-related disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soujanya Vinayagamurthy
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Akansha Ganguly
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shantanu Chowdhury
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.,G.N.R. Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
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23
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Boscolo Sesillo F, Fox D, Sacco A. Muscle Stem Cells Give Rise to Rhabdomyosarcomas in a Severe Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cell Rep 2020; 26:689-701.e6. [PMID: 30650360 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human cancers originate from high-turnover tissues, while low-proliferating tissues, like skeletal muscle, exhibit a lower incidence of tumor development. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which induces increased skeletal muscle regeneration, tumor incidence is increased. Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMSs), a rare and aggressive type of soft tissue sarcoma, can develop in this context, but the impact of DMD severity on RMS development and its cell of origin are poorly understood. Here, we show that RMS latency is affected by DMD severity and that muscle stem cells (MuSCs) can give rise to RMS in dystrophic mice. We report that even before tumor formation, MuSCs exhibit increased self-renewal and an expression signature associated with RMSs. These cells can form tumorspheres in vitro and give rise to RMSs in vivo. Finally, we show that the inflammatory genes Ccl11 and Rgs5 are involved in RMS growth. Together, our results show that DMD severity drives MuSC-mediated RMS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Boscolo Sesillo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Fox
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alessandra Sacco
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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24
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Stem Cell Aging in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051830. [PMID: 32155842 PMCID: PMC7084237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises 30-40% of the weight of a healthy human body and is required for voluntary movements in humans. Mature skeletal muscle is formed by multinuclear cells, which are called myofibers. Formation of myofibers depends on the proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of muscle progenitor cells during development and after injury. Muscle progenitor cells are derived from muscle satellite (stem) cells (MuSCs), which reside on the surface of the myofiber but beneath the basement membrane. MuSCs play a central role in postnatal maintenance, growth, repair, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. In sedentary adult muscle, MuSCs are mitotically quiescent, but are promptly activated in response to muscle injury. Physiological and chronological aging induces MuSC aging, leading to an impaired regenerative capability. Importantly, in pathological situations, repetitive muscle injury induces early impairment of MuSCs due to stem cell aging and leads to early impairment of regeneration ability. In this review, we discuss (1) the role of MuSCs in muscle regeneration, (2) stem cell aging under physiological and pathological conditions, and (3) prospects related to clinical applications of controlling MuSCs.
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25
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Zhao ZA, Han X, Lei W, Li J, Yang Z, Wu J, Yao M, Lu XA, He L, Chen Y, Zhou B, Hu S. Lack of Cardiac Improvement After Cardiosphere-Derived Cell Transplantation in Aging Mouse Hearts. Circ Res 2019; 123:e21-e31. [PMID: 30359191 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Aging is one of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and the incidence of myocardial ischemia increases dramatically with age. Some studies have reported that cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) could benefit the injured heart. Nevertheless, the convincing evidence on CDC-induced improvement of aging heart is still limited. OBJECTIVE In this study, we tested whether the CDCs isolated from neonatal mice could benefit cardiac function in aging mice. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated cardiac function of PBS- (n=15) and CDC-injected (n=19) aging mice. Echocardiography indicated that left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (57.46%±3.57% versus 57.86%±2.44%) and LV fraction shortening (30.67%±2.41% versus 30.51%±1.78%) showed similar values in PBS- and CDC-injected mice. The diastolic wall thickness of LV was significantly increased after CDC injection, resulting in reduced diastolic LV volume. The pulse-wave Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging indicated that aging mice receiving PBS or CDC injection presented similar values of the peak early transmitral flow velocity, the peak late transmitral flow velocity, the ratio of the peak early transmitral flow velocity to the peak late transmitral flow velocity, and the ratio of the peak early transmitral flow velocity to the peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity, respectively. Pressure-volume loop experiment indicated that the LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship and end-systolic pressure-volume relationship were comparable in both PBS- and CDC-injected mice. Postmortem analysis of aging mouse hearts showed similar fibrotic degree in the 2 groups. In addition, the aging markers showed comparable expression levels in both PBS- and CDC-injected mice. The systemic aging performance measures, including exercise capacity, hair regrowth capacity, and inflammation, showed no significant improvement in CDC-injected mice. Finally, the telomere length was comparable between PBS- and CDC-injected mice. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results indicate that CDCs do not improve heart function and systemic performances in aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ao Zhao
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinglong Han
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yang
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengchao Yao
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, China (M.Y.)
| | - Xing-Ai Lu
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjuan He
- the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.H., B.Z.)
| | - Yihuan Chen
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (L.H., B.Z.)
| | - Shijun Hu
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Z.Y., J.W., X.-A.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biomedical Materials of Jiangsu Province and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Medical College (Z.-A.Z., X.H., W.L., J.L., Y.C., S.H.), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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26
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Schaaf GJ, Canibano-Fraile R, van Gestel TJM, van der Ploeg AT, Pijnappel WWMP. Restoring the regenerative balance in neuromuscular disorders: satellite cell activation as therapeutic target in Pompe disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:280. [PMID: 31392192 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.04.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of efficiently regenerating after damage in a process mediated by tissue-resident stem cells called satellite cells. This regenerative potential is often compromised under muscle-degenerative conditions. Consequently, the damage produced during degeneration is not efficiently repaired and the balance between repair and damage is lost. Here we review recent progress on the role of satellite cell-mediated repair in neuromuscular disorders with a focus on Pompe disease, an inherited metabolic myopathy caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha glucosidase (GAA). Studies performed in patient biopsies as well as in Pompe disease mouse models demonstrate that muscle regeneration activity is compromised despite progressing muscle damage. We describe disease-specific mechanisms of satellite cell dysfunction to highlight the differences between Pompe disease and muscle dystrophies. The mechanisms involved provide possible targets for therapy, such as modulation of autophagy, muscle exercise, and pharmacological modulation of satellite cell activation. Most of these approaches are still experimental, although promising in animal models, still warrant caution with respect to their safety and efficiency profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerben J Schaaf
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Canibano-Fraile
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J M van Gestel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ans T van der Ploeg
- Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W W M Pim Pijnappel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Mechanosensing by the Lamina Protects against Nuclear Rupture, DNA Damage, and Cell-Cycle Arrest. Dev Cell 2019; 49:920-935.e5. [PMID: 31105008 PMCID: PMC6581604 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Whether cell forces or extracellular matrix (ECM) can impact genome integrity is largely unclear. Here, acute perturbations (∼1 h) to actomyosin stress or ECM elasticity cause rapid and reversible changes in lamin-A, DNA damage, and cell cycle. The findings are especially relevant to organs such as the heart because DNA damage permanently arrests cardiomyocyte proliferation shortly after birth and thereby eliminates regeneration after injury including heart attack. Embryonic hearts, cardiac-differentiated iPS cells (induced pluripotent stem cells), and various nonmuscle cell types all show that actomyosin-driven nuclear rupture causes cytoplasmic mis-localization of DNA repair factors and excess DNA damage. Binucleation and micronuclei increase as telomeres shorten, which all favor cell-cycle arrest. Deficiencies in lamin-A and repair factors exacerbate these effects, but lamin-A-associated defects are rescued by repair factor overexpression and also by contractility modulators in clinical trials. Contractile cells on stiff ECM normally exhibit low phosphorylation and slow degradation of lamin-A by matrix-metalloprotease-2 (MMP2), and inhibition of this lamin-A turnover and also actomyosin contractility are seen to minimize DNA damage. Lamin-A is thus stress stabilized to mechano-protect the genome.
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Kokubun T, Saitoh SI, Miura S, Ishida T, Takeishi Y. Telomerase Plays a Pivotal Role in Collateral Growth Under Ischemia by Suppressing Age-Induced Oxidative Stress, Expression of p53, and Pro-Apoptotic Proteins. Int Heart J 2019; 60:736-745. [PMID: 31105157 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.18-564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is not only a major risk factor for impaired collateral growth under ischemia but also shortens the telomere length, which is regulated by telomerase. We examined the role of telomerase activity during impaired collateral growth during aging in ischemic skeletal muscle. Unilateral hind limb ischemia was generated in old, young, and old mice chronically administered a telomerase activator. In old mice, blood flow recovery and capillary density development in ischemic hind limbs were reduced compared to those in young mice, and these changes were restored to equal levels by administration of TA-65, a telomerase activator. During the early phase of ischemic muscle changes in old mice, telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and telomerase activity were both low compared to those in young mice and old mice treated with TA-65. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA double-strand breaks, and expression of p53, p16, and Bax/Bcl-2 were all elevated in ischemic muscles of old mice compared to those in the muscles of young mice and old mice treated with TA-65 treatment; these factors were maintained at low levels equivalent to those seen in young mice during the experiment. Expression of HIF1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and PGC1α were decreased in old mice compared to those in young mice and old mice treated with TA-65. Collateral growth under ischemic conditions is impaired in aged animals due to low telomerase activity, increased ROS, resultant DNA damage, and expression of tumor suppressor and pro-apoptotic proteins. These data suggest that telomerase activation enhances collateral growth and rescues ischemic tissue in old individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kokubun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Shu-Ichi Saitoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohara General Hospital
| | - Shunsuke Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
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29
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Fathi E, Charoudeh HN, Sanaat Z, Farahzadi R. Telomere shortening as a hallmark of stem cell senescence. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:7. [PMID: 31019963 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.02.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapies have been greatly attentioned in regenerative medicine through multi-lineage differentiation, self-renewal properties, etc. Despite the above advantages of MSCs, the defined properties of these cells are strongly affected by aging. Thus, the use of MSCs from older donors is lower than younger one, which limits clinical applications in cell therapy. According to the theories of aging, it is determined that aging is most likely caused by telomere shortening and telomere shortening is considered hallmarks of aging. Finding out the most mechanisms of these changes will probably reveal novel therapeutic targets for prolonging human health and for ameliorating age-associated phenotypes. This review focuses on prevalent knowledge about the mechanisms of stem cell senescence by telomere shortening and the molecular mechanism details involved in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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30
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Forcina L, Miano C, Pelosi L, Musarò A. An Overview about the Biology of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:24-37. [PMID: 31015789 PMCID: PMC6446479 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666190116094736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The peculiar ability of skeletal muscle tissue to operate adaptive changes during post-natal de-velopment and adulthood has been associated with the existence of adult somatic stem cells. Satellite cells, occupying an exclusive niche within the adult muscle tissue, are considered bona fide stem cells with both stem-like properties and myogenic activities. Indeed, satellite cells retain the capability to both maintain the quiescence in uninjured muscles and to be promptly activated in response to growth or re-generative signals, re-engaging the cell cycle. Activated cells can undergo myogenic differentiation or self-renewal moving back to the quiescent state. Satellite cells behavior and their fate decision are finely controlled by mechanisms involving both cell-autonomous and external stimuli. Alterations in these regu-latory networks profoundly affect muscle homeostasis and the dynamic response to tissue damage, con-tributing to the decline of skeletal muscle that occurs under physio-pathologic conditions. Although the clear myogenic activity of satellite cells has been described and their pivotal role in muscle growth and regeneration has been reported, a comprehensive picture of inter-related mechanisms guiding muscle stem cell activity has still to be defined. Here, we reviewed the main regulatory networks determining satellite cell behavior. In particular, we focused on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlining satel-lite cell maintenance and commitment. Besides intrinsic regulations, we reported current evidences about the influence of environmental stimuli, derived from other cell populations within muscle tissue, on satel-lite cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Forcina
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Via A. Scarpa, 14 Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Via A. Scarpa, 14 Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Laura Pelosi
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Via A. Scarpa, 14 Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Via A. Scarpa, 14 Rome 00161, Italy
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31
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Franco I, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Vrtačnik P, Lundberg TR, Eriksson M, Gustafsson T. Healthy skeletal muscle aging: The role of satellite cells, somatic mutations and exercise. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:157-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Tichy ED, Sidibe DK, Greer CD, Oyster NM, Rompolas P, Rosenthal NA, Blau HM, Mourkioti F. A robust Pax7EGFP mouse that enables the visualization of dynamic behaviors of muscle stem cells. Skelet Muscle 2018; 8:27. [PMID: 30139374 PMCID: PMC6107960 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-018-0169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pax7 is a transcription factor involved in the specification and maintenance of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). Upon injury, MuSCs leave their quiescent state, downregulate Pax7 and differentiate, contributing to skeletal muscle regeneration. In the majority of regeneration studies, MuSCs are isolated by fluorescence-activated sorting (FACS), based on cell surface markers. It is known that MuSCs are a heterogeneous population and only a small percentage of isolated cells are true stem cells that are able to self-renew. A strong Pax7 reporter line would be valuable to study the in vivo behavior of Pax7-expressing stem cells. Methods We generated and characterized the muscle properties of a new transgenic Pax7EGFP mouse. Utilizing traditional immunofluorescence assays, we analyzed whole embryos and muscle sections by fluorescence microscopy, in addition to whole skeletal muscles by 2-photon microscopy, to detect the specificity of EGFP expression. Skeletal muscles from Pax7EGFP mice were also evaluated in steady state and under injury conditions. Finally, MuSCs-derived from Pax7EGFP and control mice were sorted and analyzed by FACS and their myogenic activity was comparatively examined. Results Our studies provide a new Pax7 reporter line with robust EGFP expression, detectable by both flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Pax7EGFP-derived MuSCs have identical properties to that of wild-type MuSCs, both in vitro and in vivo, excluding any positional effect due to the transgene insertion. Furthermore, we demonstrated high specificity of EGFP to label MuSCs in a temporal manner that recapitulates the reported Pax7 expression pattern. Interestingly, immunofluorescence analysis showed that the robust expression of EGFP marks cells in the satellite cell position of adult muscles in fixed and live tissues. Conclusions This mouse could be an invaluable tool for the study of a variety of questions related to MuSC biology, including but not limited to population heterogeneity, polarity, aging, regeneration, and motility, either by itself or in combination with mice harboring additional genetic alterations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13395-018-0169-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David K Sidibe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher D Greer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas M Oyster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.,Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Regeneration Program, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Musculoskeletal Regeneration Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, 112A Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6081, USA.
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33
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Khodabukus A, Prabhu N, Wang J, Bursac N. In Vitro Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Models for Studying Muscle Physiology and Disease. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701498. [PMID: 29696831 PMCID: PMC6105407 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Healthy skeletal muscle possesses the extraordinary ability to regenerate in response to small-scale injuries; however, this self-repair capacity becomes overwhelmed with aging, genetic myopathies, and large muscle loss. The failure of small animal models to accurately replicate human muscle disease, injury and to predict clinically-relevant drug responses has driven the development of high fidelity in vitro skeletal muscle models. Herein, the progress made and challenges ahead in engineering biomimetic human skeletal muscle tissues that can recapitulate muscle development, genetic diseases, regeneration, and drug response is discussed. Bioengineering approaches used to improve engineered muscle structure and function as well as the functionality of satellite cells to allow modeling muscle regeneration in vitro are also highlighted. Next, a historical overview on the generation of skeletal muscle cells and tissues from human pluripotent stem cells, and a discussion on the potential of these approaches to model and treat genetic diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is provided. Finally, the need to integrate multiorgan microphysiological systems to generate improved drug discovery technologies with the potential to complement or supersede current preclinical animal models of muscle disease is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Khodabukus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Neel Prabhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 101 Science Drive, FCIEMAS 1427, Durham, NC 27708-90281, USA
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