1
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Dagnino L. Ubiquitylated histone H2A: a molecular Jekyll and Hyde in the epidermis. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2236007. [PMID: 37459858 PMCID: PMC11262237 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2236007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The epidermis of the skin provides a barrier between the organism and the external environment. It is constantly subjected to physical and chemical insults, and thus susceptible to wounding and to neoplastic transformation. Long-lasting epigenetic modifications in epidermal stem cells are now shown to link responses to skin injuries with cell priming for carcinoma development, through regulation of histone H2A ubiquitylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, London Health Research Institute, Children’s Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Masoudi M, Torabi P, Judson-Torres RL, Khodarahmi R, Moradi S. Natural resistance to cancer: A window of hope. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1131-1142. [PMID: 37860922 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
As healthcare systems are improving and thereby the life expectancy of human populations is increasing, cancer is representing itself as the second leading cause of death. Although cancer biologists have put enormous effort on cancer research so far, we still have a long way to go before being able to treat cancers efficiently. One interesting approach in cancer biology is to learn from natural resistance and/or predisposition to cancer. Cancer-resistant species and tissues are thought-provoking models whose study shed light on the inherent cancer resistance mechanisms that arose during the course of evolution. On the other hand, there are some syndromes and factors that increase the risk of cancer development, and revealing their underlying mechanisms will increase our knowledge about the process of cancer formation. Here, we review natural resistance and predisposition to cancer and the known mechanisms at play. Further insights from these natural phenomena will help design future cancer research and could ultimately lead to the development of novel cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Masoudi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Parisa Torabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Wu Z, Qu J, Zhang W, Liu GH. Stress, epigenetics, and aging: Unraveling the intricate crosstalk. Mol Cell 2024; 84:34-54. [PMID: 37963471 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Aging, as a complex process involving multiple cellular and molecular pathways, is known to be exacerbated by various stresses. Because responses to these stresses, such as oxidative stress and genotoxic stress, are known to interplay with the epigenome and thereby contribute to the development of age-related diseases, investigations into how such epigenetic mechanisms alter gene expression and maintenance of cellular homeostasis is an active research area. In this review, we highlight recent studies investigating the intricate relationship between stress and aging, including its underlying epigenetic basis; describe different types of stresses that originate from both internal and external stimuli; and discuss potential interventions aimed at alleviating stress and restoring epigenetic patterns to combat aging or age-related diseases. Additionally, we address the challenges currently limiting advancement in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400062, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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4
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Simone R, Čižmár D, Holtze S, Michel G, Sporbert A, Okolo C, Hildebrandt TB. In vitro production of naked mole-rats' blastocysts from non-breeding females using in vitro maturation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22355. [PMID: 38102304 PMCID: PMC10724253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The African naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is an attractive model for cancer and aging research due to its peculiar biological traits, such as unusual long life span and resistance to cancer. The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would be a useful tool for in vitro studies but, in this species, the reprogramming of somatic cells is problematic because of their stable epigenome. Therefore, an alternative approach is the derivation of embryonic stem cells from in vitro-produced embryos. In this study, immature oocytes, opportunistically retrieved from sexually inactive females, underwent first in vitro maturation (IVM) and then in vitro fertilization via piezo-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Injected oocytes were then cultivated with two different approaches: (i) in an in vitro culture and (ii) in an isolated mouse oviduct organ culture system. The second approach led to the development of blastocysts, which were fixed and stained for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Simone
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) in the Forschungsverbund Berlin eV, Reproduction Management, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Čižmár
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) in the Forschungsverbund Berlin eV, Reproduction Management, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) in the Forschungsverbund Berlin eV, Reproduction Management, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße, Berlin, Germany
| | - Geert Michel
- FEM, Transgenic Technologies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Advanced Light Microscopy Technology Platform (Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine), Campus Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Okolo
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) in the Forschungsverbund Berlin eV, Reproduction Management, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas B Hildebrandt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) in the Forschungsverbund Berlin eV, Reproduction Management, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße, Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universitaet Berlin, Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Lu YR, Tian X, Sinclair DA. The Information Theory of Aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1486-1499. [PMID: 38102202 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Information storage and retrieval is essential for all life. In biology, information is primarily stored in two distinct ways: the genome, comprising nucleic acids, acts as a foundational blueprint and the epigenome, consisting of chemical modifications to DNA and histone proteins, regulates gene expression patterns and endows cells with specific identities and functions. Unlike the stable, digital nature of genetic information, epigenetic information is stored in a digital-analog format, susceptible to alterations induced by diverse environmental signals and cellular damage. The Information Theory of Aging (ITOA) states that the aging process is driven by the progressive loss of youthful epigenetic information, the retrieval of which via epigenetic reprogramming can improve the function of damaged and aged tissues by catalyzing age reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Ryan Lu
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Tian
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Li S, Vazquez JM, Sudmant PH. The evolution of aging and lifespan. Trends Genet 2023; 39:830-843. [PMID: 37714733 PMCID: PMC11147682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a nearly inescapable trait among organisms yet lifespan varies tremendously across different species and spans several orders of magnitude in vertebrates alone. This vast phenotypic diversity is driven by distinct evolutionary trajectories and tradeoffs that are reflected in patterns of diversification and constraint in organismal genomes. Age-specific impacts of selection also shape allele frequencies in populations, thus impacting disease susceptibility and environment-specific mortality risk. Further, the mutational processes that spawn this genetic diversity in both germline and somatic cells are strongly influenced by age and life history. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of the evolution of aging and lifespan at organismal, population, and cellular scales, and highlight outstanding questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. USA
| | - Juan Manuel Vazquez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. USA.
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7
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Statsenko Y, Kuznetsov NV, Morozova D, Liaonchyk K, Simiyu GL, Smetanina D, Kashapov A, Meribout S, Gorkom KNV, Hamoudi R, Ismail F, Ansari SA, Emerald BS, Ljubisavljevic M. Reappraisal of the Concept of Accelerated Aging in Neurodegeneration and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2451. [PMID: 37887295 PMCID: PMC10605227 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and epigenetic changes, oxidative stress and inflammation influence the rate of aging, which diseases, lifestyle and environmental factors can further accelerate. In accelerated aging (AA), the biological age exceeds the chronological age. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to reappraise the AA concept critically, considering its weaknesses and limitations. METHODS We reviewed more than 300 recent articles dealing with the physiology of brain aging and neurodegeneration pathophysiology. RESULTS (1) Application of the AA concept to individual organs outside the brain is challenging as organs of different systems age at different rates. (2) There is a need to consider the deceleration of aging due to the potential use of the individual structure-functional reserves. The latter can be restored by pharmacological and/or cognitive therapy, environment, etc. (3) The AA concept lacks both standardised terminology and methodology. (4) Changes in specific molecular biomarkers (MBM) reflect aging-related processes; however, numerous MBM candidates should be validated to consolidate the AA theory. (5) The exact nature of many potential causal factors, biological outcomes and interactions between the former and the latter remain largely unclear. CONCLUSIONS Although AA is commonly recognised as a perspective theory, it still suffers from a number of gaps and limitations that assume the necessity for an updated AA concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen Statsenko
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Big Data Analytic Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nik V. Kuznetsov
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Daria Morozova
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Katsiaryna Liaonchyk
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Gillian Lylian Simiyu
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Darya Smetanina
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Aidar Kashapov
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Sarah Meribout
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Fatima Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Milos Ljubisavljevic
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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8
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López-Gil L, Pascual-Ahuir A, Proft M. Genomic Instability and Epigenetic Changes during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14279. [PMID: 37762580 PMCID: PMC10531692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the deterioration of physiological functions along with an increased mortality rate. This scientific review focuses on the central importance of genomic instability during the aging process, encompassing a range of cellular and molecular changes that occur with advancing age. In particular, this revision addresses the genetic and epigenetic alterations that contribute to genomic instability, such as telomere shortening, DNA damage accumulation, and decreased DNA repair capacity. Furthermore, the review explores the epigenetic changes that occur with aging, including modifications to histones, DNA methylation patterns, and the role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, the review discusses the organization of chromatin and its contribution to genomic instability, including heterochromatin loss, chromatin remodeling, and changes in nucleosome and histone abundance. In conclusion, this review highlights the fundamental role that genomic instability plays in the aging process and underscores the need for continued research into these complex biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Pascual-Ahuir
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Markus Proft
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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9
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Liu R, Zhao E, Yu H, Yuan C, Abbas MN, Cui H. Methylation across the central dogma in health and diseases: new therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:310. [PMID: 37620312 PMCID: PMC10449936 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is essential for cell-fate control, development, and health. Methylation of DNA, RNAs, histones, and non-histone proteins is a reversible post-synthesis modification that finetunes gene expression and function in diverse physiological processes. Aberrant methylation caused by genetic mutations or environmental stimuli promotes various diseases and accelerates aging, necessitating the development of therapies to correct the disease-driver methylation imbalance. In this Review, we summarize the operating system of methylation across the central dogma, which includes writers, erasers, readers, and reader-independent outputs. We then discuss how dysregulation of the system contributes to neurological disorders, cancer, and aging. Current small-molecule compounds that target the modifiers show modest success in certain cancers. The methylome-wide action and lack of specificity lead to undesirable biological effects and cytotoxicity, limiting their therapeutic application, especially for diseases with a monogenic cause or different directions of methylation changes. Emerging tools capable of site-specific methylation manipulation hold great promise to solve this dilemma. With the refinement of delivery vehicles, these new tools are well positioned to advance the basic research and clinical translation of the methylation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaoyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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10
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Kawamura Y, Oka K, Semba T, Takamori M, Sugiura Y, Yamasaki R, Suzuki Y, Chujo T, Nagase M, Oiwa Y, Fujioka S, Homma S, Yamamura Y, Miyawaki S, Narita M, Fukuda T, Sakai Y, Ishimoto T, Tomizawa K, Suematsu M, Yamamoto T, Bono H, Okano H, Miura K. Cellular senescence induction leads to progressive cell death via the INK4a-RB pathway in naked mole-rats. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111133. [PMID: 37431790 PMCID: PMC10425838 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have exceptional longevity and are resistant to age-related physiological decline and diseases. Given the role of cellular senescence in aging, we postulated that NMRs possess unidentified species-specific mechanisms to prevent senescent cell accumulation. Here, we show that upon induction of cellular senescence, NMR fibroblasts underwent delayed and progressive cell death that required activation of the INK4a-retinoblastoma protein (RB) pathway (termed "INK4a-RB cell death"), a phenomenon not observed in mouse fibroblasts. Naked mole-rat fibroblasts uniquely accumulated serotonin and were inherently vulnerable to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). After activation of the INK4a-RB pathway, NMR fibroblasts increased monoamine oxidase levels, leading to serotonin oxidization and H2 O2 production, which resulted in increased intracellular oxidative damage and cell death activation. In the NMR lung, induction of cellular senescence caused delayed, progressive cell death mediated by monoamine oxidase activation, thereby preventing senescent cell accumulation, consistent with in vitro results. The present findings indicate that INK4a-RB cell death likely functions as a natural senolytic mechanism in NMRs, providing an evolutionary rationale for senescent cell removal as a strategy to resist aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kaori Oka
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takashi Semba
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mayuko Takamori
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Riyo Yamasaki
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takeshi Chujo
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mari Nagase
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yuki Oiwa
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of Chemical BiologyNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Shusuke Fujioka
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sayuri Homma
- Department of PharmacologyHoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Yamamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Shingo Miyawaki
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Minoru Narita
- Department of PharmacologyHoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTokyoJapan
- Division of Cancer PathophysiologyNational Cancer Center Research Institute (NCCRI)TokyoJapan
| | - Takaichi Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and NeurobiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of PathologyNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy AgingKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of BiochemistryKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- WPI‐Bio2Q Research CenterCentral Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi), Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Medical‐risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells TeamRIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP)KyotoJapan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Laboratory of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
- Laboratory of BioDX, PtBio Collaborative Research Laboratory, Genome Editing Innovation CenterHiroshima UniversityHigashi‐HiroshimaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity ResearchKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy AgingKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
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11
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Haghani A, Li CZ, Robeck TR, Zhang J, Lu AT, Ablaeva J, Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Adams DM, Alagaili AN, Almunia J, Aloysius A, Amor NM, Ardehali R, Arneson A, Baker CS, Banks G, Belov K, Bennett NC, Black P, Blumstein DT, Bors EK, Breeze CE, Brooke RT, Brown JL, Carter G, Caulton A, Cavin JM, Chakrabarti L, Chatzistamou I, Chavez AS, Chen H, Cheng K, Chiavellini P, Choi OW, Clarke S, Cook JA, Cooper LN, Cossette ML, Day J, DeYoung J, Dirocco S, Dold C, Dunnum JL, Ehmke EE, Emmons CK, Emmrich S, Erbay E, Erlacher-Reid C, Faulkes CG, Fei Z, Ferguson SH, Finno CJ, Flower JE, Gaillard JM, Garde E, Gerber L, Gladyshev VN, Goya RG, Grant MJ, Green CB, Hanson MB, Hart DW, Haulena M, Herrick K, Hogan AN, Hogg CJ, Hore TA, Huang T, Belmonte JCI, Jasinska AJ, Jones G, Jourdain E, Kashpur O, Katcher H, Katsumata E, Kaza V, Kiaris H, Kobor MS, Kordowitzki P, Koski WR, Krützen M, Kwon SB, Larison B, Lee SG, Lehmann M, Lemaître JF, Levine AJ, Li X, Li C, Lim AR, Lin DTS, Lindemann DM, Liphardt SW, Little TJ, Macoretta N, Maddox D, Matkin CO, Mattison JA, McClure M, Mergl J, Meudt JJ, Montano GA, Mozhui K, Munshi-South J, Murphy WJ, Naderi A, Nagy M, Narayan P, Nathanielsz PW, Nguyen NB, Niehrs C, Nyamsuren B, O’Brien JK, Ginn PO, Odom DT, Ophir AG, Osborn S, Ostrander EA, Parsons KM, Paul KC, Pedersen AB, Pellegrini M, Peters KJ, Petersen JL, Pietersen DW, Pinho GM, Plassais J, Poganik JR, Prado NA, Reddy P, Rey B, Ritz BR, Robbins J, Rodriguez M, Russell J, Rydkina E, Sailer LL, Salmon AB, Sanghavi A, Schachtschneider KM, Schmitt D, Schmitt T, Schomacher L, Schook LB, Sears KE, Seifert AW, Shafer AB, Shindyapina AV, Simmons M, Singh K, Sinha I, Slone J, Snell RG, Soltanmohammadi E, Spangler ML, Spriggs M, Staggs L, Stedman N, Steinman KJ, Stewart DT, Sugrue VJ, Szladovits B, Takahashi JS, Takasugi M, Teeling EC, Thompson MJ, Van Bonn B, Vernes SC, Villar D, Vinters HV, Vu H, Wallingford MC, Wang N, Wilkinson GS, Williams RW, Yan Q, Yao M, Young BG, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Zhao P, Zhou W, Zoller JA, Ernst J, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V, Yang XW, Raj K, Horvath S. DNA methylation networks underlying mammalian traits. Science 2023; 381:eabq5693. [PMID: 37561875 PMCID: PMC11180965 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Using DNA methylation profiles (n = 15,456) from 348 mammalian species, we constructed phyloepigenetic trees that bear marked similarities to traditional phylogenetic ones. Using unsupervised clustering across all samples, we identified 55 distinct cytosine modules, of which 30 are related to traits such as maximum life span, adult weight, age, sex, and human mortality risk. Maximum life span is associated with methylation levels in HOXL subclass homeobox genes and developmental processes and is potentially regulated by pluripotency transcription factors. The methylation state of some modules responds to perturbations such as caloric restriction, ablation of growth hormone receptors, consumption of high-fat diets, and expression of Yamanaka factors. This study reveals an intertwined evolution of the genome and epigenome that mediates the biological characteristics and traits of different mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Caesar Z. Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Todd R. Robeck
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ake T. Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julia Ablaeva
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Victoria A. Acosta-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Danielle M. Adams
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Abdulaziz N. Alagaili
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javier Almunia
- Loro Parque Fundacion, Avenida Loro Parque, Puerto de la Cruz, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ajoy Aloysius
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nabil M.S. Amor
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology, and Ecology, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Arneson
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C. Scott Baker
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Gareth Banks
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Katherine Belov
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | | | - Daniel T. Blumstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA
| | - Eleanor K. Bors
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Janine L. Brown
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Gerald Carter
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex Caulton
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, Otago, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Julie M. Cavin
- Gulf World Marine Park - Dolphin Company, Panama City Beach, FL, USA
| | - Lisa Chakrabarti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Andreas S. Chavez
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kaiyang Cheng
- Medical Informatics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Priscila Chiavellini
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oi-Wa Choi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Clarke
- AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Joseph A. Cook
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lisa N. Cooper
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Marie-Laurence Cossette
- Department of Environmental & Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Day
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph DeYoung
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Christopher Dold
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Dunnum
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Candice K. Emmons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Altos Labs, Bay Area Institute of Science, Redwood City, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Chris G. Faulkes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhe Fei
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Steven H. Ferguson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Carrie J. Finno
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eva Garde
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Livia Gerber
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rodolfo G. Goya
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matthew J Grant
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carla B. Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M. Bradley Hanson
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel W. Hart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | | | | | - Andrew N. Hogan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn J. Hogg
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Hore
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna J. Jasinska
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Olga Kashpur
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Vimala Kaza
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael S. Kobor
- Edwin S. H. Leong Healthy Aging Program, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pawel Kordowitzki
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | | | - Michael Krützen
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Soo Bin Kwon
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Larison
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sang-Goo Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marianne Lehmann
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata, Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jean-François Lemaître
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Andrew J. Levine
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinmin Li
- Technology Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Andrea R. Lim
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David T. S. Lin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Thomas J. Little
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julie A. Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - June Mergl
- Marineland of Canada, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer J. Meudt
- Biomedical and Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gisele A. Montano
- Zoological Operations, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason Munshi-South
- Louis Calder Center - Biological Field Station, Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, NY, USA
| | - William J. Murphy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Asieh Naderi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Martina Nagy
- Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pritika Narayan
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Ngoc B. Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Justine K. O’Brien
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Duncan T Odom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Division of Regulatory Genomics and Cancer Evolution, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kim M. Parsons
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly C. Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy B. Pedersen
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katharina J. Peters
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Darren W. Pietersen
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Gabriela M. Pinho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn Plassais
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jesse R. Poganik
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalia A. Prado
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Science, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Pradeep Reddy
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Rey
- University of Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Beate R. Ritz
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Elena Rydkina
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Adam B. Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, and the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dennis Schmitt
- College of Agriculture, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Karen E. Sears
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Aaron B.A. Shafer
- Department of Forensic Science, Environmental & Life Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anastasia V. Shindyapina
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kavita Singh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM’S NMIMS University, Mumbai, India
| | - Ishani Sinha
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Slone
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Russel G. Snell
- Applied Translational Genetics Group, School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elham Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karen J. Steinman
- Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald T Stewart
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Balazs Szladovits
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Joseph S. Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masaki Takasugi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emma C. Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Thompson
- Department Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bill Van Bonn
- Animal Care and Science Division, John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonja C. Vernes
- School of Biology, The University of St. Andrews, Fife, UK
- Neurogenetics of Vocal Communication Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Diego Villar
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Harry V. Vinters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ha Vu
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Nan Wang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Qi Yan
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mingjia Yao
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Bohan Zhang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wanding Zhou
- Center for Computational and Genomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Ernst
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - X. William Yang
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, Cambridge, UK
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Kang H, Hasselbeck S, Taškova K, Wang N, Oosten LNV, Mrowka R, Utikal J, Andrade-Navarro MA, Wang J, Wölfl S, Cheng X. Development of a next-generation endogenous OCT4 inducer and its anti-aging effect in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115513. [PMID: 37253308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of small molecules capable of replacing transcription factors has been a longstanding challenge in the generation of human chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Recent studies have shown that ectopic expression of OCT4, one of the master pluripotency regulators, compromised the developmental potential of resulting iPSCs, This highlights the importance of finding endogenous OCT4 inducers for the generation of clinical-grade human iPSCs. Through a cell-based high throughput screen, we have discovered several new OCT4-inducing compounds (O4Is). In this work, we prepared metabolically stable analogues, including O4I4, which activate endogenous OCT4 and associated signaling pathways in various cell lines. By combining these with a transcription factor cocktail consisting of SOX2, KLF4, MYC, and LIN28 (referred to as "CSKML") we achieved to reprogram human fibroblasts into a stable and authentic pluripotent state without the need for exogenous OCT4. In Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, O4I4 extends lifespan, suggesting the potential application of OCT4-inducing compounds in regenerative medicine and rejuvenation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Kang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hasselbeck
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katerina Taškova
- Faculty of Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Nessa Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Luuk N van Oosten
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- Experimentelle Nephrologie, KIM III, Universitätsklinikum, Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit (G300), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jichang Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Xinlai Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Germany.
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13
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la Torre A, Lo Vecchio F, Greco A. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12081163. [PMID: 37190071 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable outcome of life, characterized by a progressive decline in tissue and organ function. At a molecular level, it is marked by the gradual alterations of biomolecules. Indeed, important changes are observed on the DNA, as well as at a protein level, that are influenced by both genetic and environmental parameters. These molecular changes directly contribute to the development or progression of several human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disorders and others aging-related diseases. Additionally, they increase the risk of mortality. Therefore, deciphering the hallmarks of aging represents a possibility for identifying potential druggable targets to attenuate the aging process, and then the age-related comorbidities. Given the link between aging, genetic, and epigenetic alterations, and given the reversible nature of epigenetic mechanisms, the precisely understanding of these factors may provide a potential therapeutic approach for age-related decline and disease. In this review, we center on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and their aging-associated changes, highlighting their inferences in age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria la Torre
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Filomena Lo Vecchio
- Laboratory of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy
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14
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Déjosez M, Marin A, Hughes GM, Morales AE, Godoy-Parejo C, Gray JL, Qin Y, Singh AA, Xu H, Juste J, Ibáñez C, White KM, Rosales R, Francoeur NJ, Sebra RP, Alcock D, Volkert TL, Puechmaille SJ, Pastusiak A, Frost SDW, Hiller M, Young RA, Teeling EC, García-Sastre A, Zwaka TP. Bat pluripotent stem cells reveal unusual entanglement between host and viruses. Cell 2023; 186:957-974.e28. [PMID: 36812912 PMCID: PMC10085545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Bats are distinctive among mammals due to their ability to fly, use laryngeal echolocation, and tolerate viruses. However, there are currently no reliable cellular models for studying bat biology or their response to viral infections. Here, we created induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from two species of bats: the wild greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and the greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis). The iPSCs from both bat species showed similar characteristics and had a gene expression profile resembling that of cells attacked by viruses. They also had a high number of endogenous viral sequences, particularly retroviruses. These results suggest that bats have evolved mechanisms to tolerate a large load of viral sequences and may have a more intertwined relationship with viruses than previously thought. Further study of bat iPSCs and their differentiated progeny will provide insights into bat biology, virus host relationships, and the molecular basis of bats' special traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Déjosez
- Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Paratus Sciences, 430 East 29th Street, Suite 600, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Arturo Marin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Graham M Hughes
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ariadna E Morales
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlos Godoy-Parejo
- Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA
| | - Jonathan L Gray
- Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA
| | - Yiren Qin
- Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA
| | - Arun A Singh
- Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA
| | - Javier Juste
- Estación biológica de doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, Seville 41092, Spain; CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Estación biológica de doñana (CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Kris M White
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Romel Rosales
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Robert P Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Genomics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominic Alcock
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas L Volkert
- Paratus Sciences, 430 East 29th Street, Suite 600, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Andrzej Pastusiak
- Microsoft Premonition, Microsoft Building 99, 14820 NE 36th Street, Redmond, WA 98052, USA
| | - Simon D W Frost
- Microsoft Premonition, Microsoft Building 99, 14820 NE 36th Street, Redmond, WA 98052, USA; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Michael Hiller
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Richard A Young
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine and the Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Thomas P Zwaka
- Huffington Center for Cell-Based Research in Parkinson's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, and Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10502, USA; Paratus Sciences, 430 East 29th Street, Suite 600, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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15
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Yang JH, Hayano M, Griffin PT, Amorim JA, Bonkowski MS, Apostolides JK, Salfati EL, Blanchette M, Munding EM, Bhakta M, Chew YC, Guo W, Yang X, Maybury-Lewis S, Tian X, Ross JM, Coppotelli G, Meer MV, Rogers-Hammond R, Vera DL, Lu YR, Pippin JW, Creswell ML, Dou Z, Xu C, Mitchell SJ, Das A, O'Connell BL, Thakur S, Kane AE, Su Q, Mohri Y, Nishimura EK, Schaevitz L, Garg N, Balta AM, Rego MA, Gregory-Ksander M, Jakobs TC, Zhong L, Wakimoto H, El Andari J, Grimm D, Mostoslavsky R, Wagers AJ, Tsubota K, Bonasera SJ, Palmeira CM, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Wolf NS, Kreiling JA, Sedivy JM, Murphy GF, Green RE, Garcia BA, Berger SL, Oberdoerffer P, Shankland SJ, Gladyshev VN, Ksander BR, Pfenning AR, Rajman LA, Sinclair DA. Loss of epigenetic information as a cause of mammalian aging. Cell 2023; 186:305-326.e27. [PMID: 36638792 PMCID: PMC10166133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 199.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
All living things experience an increase in entropy, manifested as a loss of genetic and epigenetic information. In yeast, epigenetic information is lost over time due to the relocalization of chromatin-modifying proteins to DNA breaks, causing cells to lose their identity, a hallmark of yeast aging. Using a system called "ICE" (inducible changes to the epigenome), we find that the act of faithful DNA repair advances aging at physiological, cognitive, and molecular levels, including erosion of the epigenetic landscape, cellular exdifferentiation, senescence, and advancement of the DNA methylation clock, which can be reversed by OSK-mediated rejuvenation. These data are consistent with the information theory of aging, which states that a loss of epigenetic information is a reversible cause of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yang
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Motoshi Hayano
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Patrick T Griffin
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - João A Amorim
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; IIIUC-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael S Bonkowski
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - John K Apostolides
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elias L Salfati
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mital Bhakta
- Cantata/Dovetail Genomics, Scotts Valley, CA, USA
| | | | - Wei Guo
- Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Sun Maybury-Lewis
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Tian
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaime M Ross
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margarita V Meer
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Rogers-Hammond
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel L Vera
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuancheng Ryan Lu
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael L Creswell
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhixun Dou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caiyue Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Abhirup Das
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Sachin Thakur
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice E Kane
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiao Su
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yasuaki Mohri
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi K Nishimura
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Neha Garg
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana-Maria Balta
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meghan A Rego
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tatjana C Jakobs
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Zhong
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jihad El Andari
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Section Viral Vector Technologies, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Virology, Section Viral Vector Technologies, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen J Bonasera
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center II, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Norman S Wolf
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jill A Kreiling
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John M Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - George F Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard E Green
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce R Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, HMS, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luis A Rajman
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Schraverus H, Larondelle Y, Page MM. Beyond the Lab: What We Can Learn about Cancer from Wild and Domestic Animals. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246177. [PMID: 36551658 PMCID: PMC9776354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has benefited immensely from the use of animal models. Several genetic tools accessible in rodent models have provided valuable insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms linked to cancer development or metastasis and various lines are available. However, at the same time, it is important to accompany these findings with those from alternative or non-model animals to offer new perspectives into the understanding of tumor development, prevention, and treatment. In this review, we first discuss animals characterized by little or no tumor development. Cancer incidence in small animals, such as the naked mole rat, blind mole rat and bats have been reported as almost negligible and tumor development may be inhibited by increased defense and repair mechanisms, altered cell cycle signaling and reduced rates of cell migration to avoid tumor microenvironments. On the other end of the size spectrum, large animals such as elephants and whales also appear to have low overall cancer rates, possibly due to gene replicates that are involved in apoptosis and therefore can inhibit uncontrolled cell cycle progression. While it is important to determine the mechanisms that lead to cancer protection in these animals, we can also take advantage of other animals that are highly susceptible to cancer, especially those which develop tumors similar to humans, such as carnivores or poultry. The use of such animals does not require the transplantation of malignant cancer cells or use of oncogenic substances as they spontaneously develop tumors of similar presentation and pathophysiology to those found in humans. For example, some tumor suppressor genes are highly conserved between humans and domestic species, and various tumors develop in similar ways or because of a common environment. These animals are therefore of great interest for broadening perspectives and techniques and for gathering information on the tumor mechanisms of certain types of cancer. Here we present a detailed review of alternative and/or non-model vertebrates, that can be used at different levels of cancer research to open new perspectives and fields of action.
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17
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Yamamura Y, Kawamura Y, Oka K, Miura K. Carcinogenesis resistance in the longest-lived rodent, the naked mole-rat. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:4030-4036. [PMID: 36083242 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain mammalian species are resistant to cancer, and a better understanding of how this cancer resistance arises could provide valuable insights for basic cancer research. Recent technological innovations in molecular biology have allowed the study of cancer-resistant mammals, despite the fact that they are not the classical model animals, which are easily studied using genetic approaches. Naked mole-rats (NMRs; Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest-lived rodent, with a maximum lifespan of more than 37 years, and almost never show spontaneous carcinogenesis. NMRs are currently attracting much attention from aging and cancer researchers, and published studies on NMR have continued to increase over the past decade. Cancer development occurs via multiple steps and involves many biological processes. Recent research on the NMR as a model for cancer resistance suggests that they possess various unique carcinogenesis-resistance mechanisms, including efficient DNA repair pathways, cell-autonomous resistance to transformation, and dampened inflammatory response. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis resistance in NMR, which have been uncovered over the past two decades, and discuss future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kaori Oka
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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18
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Carrageta DF, Guerra-Carvalho B, Spadella MA, Yeste M, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Animal models of male reproductive ageing to study testosterone production and spermatogenesis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:1341-1360. [PMID: 35604584 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is the time-dependent gradual decline of the functional characteristics in an organism. It has been shown that it results in the loss of reproductive health and fertility. The age-dependent decline of fertility is a potential issue as the parenthood age is increasing in Western countries, mostly due to socioeconomic factors. In comparison to women, for whom the consequences of ageing are well documented and general awareness of the population is extensively raised, the effects of ageing for male fertility and the consequences of advanced paternal age for the offspring have not been widely studied. Studies with humans are welcome but it is hard to implement relevant experimental approaches to unveil the molecular mechanisms by which ageing affects male reproductive potential. Animal models have thus been extensively used. These models are advantageous due to their reduced costs, general easy maintenance in laboratory facilities, rigorous manipulation tools, short lifespan, known genetic backgrounds, and reduced ethical constraints. Herein, we discuss animal models for the study of male reproductive ageing. The most well-known and studied reproductive ageing models are rodents and non-human primates. The data collected from these models, particularly studies on testicular ageing, steroidogenesis, and genetic and epigenetic changes in spermatogenesis are detailed. Notably, some species challenge the currently accepted ageing theories and the concept of senescence itself, which renders them interesting animal models for the study of male reproductive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carrageta
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Guerra-Carvalho
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, QOPNA & LAQV, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003, Girona, Spain
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, QOPNA & LAQV, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, ES-17003, Girona, Spain.
- Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, ES-17003, Girona, Spain.
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19
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Epigenetic clock: A promising biomarker and practical tool in aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101743. [PMID: 36206857 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As a complicated process, aging is characterized by various changes at the cellular, subcellular and nuclear levels, one of which is epigenetic aging. With increasing awareness of the critical role that epigenetic alternations play in aging, DNA methylation patterns have been employed as a measure of biological age, currently referred to as the epigenetic clock. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epigenetic clock as a biomarker of aging and a useful tool to manage healthy aging. In this burgeoning scientific field, various kinds of epigenetic clocks continue to emerge, including Horvath's clock, Hannum's clock, DNA PhenoAge, and DNA GrimAge. We hereby present the most classic epigenetic clocks, as well as their differences. Correlations of epigenetic age with morbidity, mortality and other factors suggest the potential of epigenetic clocks for risk prediction and identification in the context of aging. In particular, we summarize studies on promising age-reversing interventions, with epigenetic clocks employed as a practical tool in the efficacy evaluation. We also discuss how the lack of higher-quality information poses a major challenge, and offer some suggestions to address existing obstacles. Hopefully, our review will help provide an appropriate understanding of the epigenetic clocks, thereby enabling novel insights into the aging process and how it can be manipulated to promote healthy aging.
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Sandoval AGW, Maden M, Bates LE, Silva JC. Tumor suppressors inhibit reprogramming of African spiny mouse ( Acomys) fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:215. [PMID: 36060301 PMCID: PMC9437536 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18034.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The African spiny mouse ( Acomys) is an emerging mammalian model for scar-free regeneration, and further study of Acomys could advance the field of regenerative medicine. Isolation of pluripotent stem cells from Acomys would allow for development of transgenic or chimeric animals and in vitro study of regeneration; however, the reproductive biology of Acomys is not well characterized, complicating efforts to derive embryonic stem cells. Thus, we sought to generate Acomys induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming somatic cells back to pluripotency. Methods: To generate Acomys iPSCs, we attempted to adapt established protocols developed in Mus. We utilized a PiggyBac transposon system to genetically modify Acomys fibroblasts to overexpress the Yamanaka reprogramming factors as well as mOrange fluorescent protein under the control of a doxycycline-inducible TetON operon system. Results: Reprogramming factor overexpression caused Acomys fibroblasts to undergo apoptosis or senescence. When SV40 Large T antigen (SV40 LT) was added to the reprogramming cocktail, Acomys cells were able to dedifferentiate into pre-iPSCs. Although use of 2iL culture conditions induced formation of colonies resembling Mus PSCs, these Acomys iPS-like cells lacked pluripotency marker expression and failed to form embryoid bodies. An EOS-GiP system was unsuccessful in selecting for bona fide Acomys iPSCs; however, inclusion of Nanog in the reprogramming cocktail along with 5-azacytidine in the culture medium allowed for generation of Acomys iPSC-like cells with increased expression of several naïve pluripotency markers. Conclusions: There are significant roadblocks to reprogramming Acomys cells, necessitating future studies to determine Acomys-specific reprogramming factor and/or culture condition requirements. The requirement for SV40 LT during Acomys dedifferentiation may suggest that tumor suppressor pathways play an important role in Acomys regeneration and that Acomys may possess unreported cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gabriel W. Sandoval
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Department of Biology & UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malcolm Maden
- Department of Biology & UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lawrence E. Bates
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jose C.R. Silva
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong Province, China
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Kisipan ML, Ojoo RO, Kanui TI, Abelson KSP. Bodyweight, locomotion, and behavioral responses of the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber) to lipopolysaccharide administration. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:493-504. [PMID: 35731263 PMCID: PMC9250917 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole rat has unique biologic characteristics that include atypical inflammatory responses. Lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation which triggers brain centers controlling feeding, and behavior to result in “sick animal behavior”. We characterized the bodyweight, locomotor, and other behavioral responses of this rodent to lipopolysaccharide administration. Lipopolysaccharide caused weight losses, which were not prevented by TAK 242. In the open field test, lipopolysaccharide did not depress locomotion, while urination, defecation, and activity freezing were rare. The animals exhibited walling but not rearing and fast backward movements that were unaffected by lipopolysaccharide. Failure to depress locomotion suggests either a unique immunity-brain crosstalk or motor responses/centers that tolerate depressive effects of inflammation. The absence of activity freezing and rarity of urination and defecation suggests that novel environments or lipopolysaccharide do not induce anxiety, or that anxiety is expressed differently in the animal. The absence of rearing could be due to the design of the animal’s locomotor apparatus while fast backward movement could be a mechanism for quick escape from threats in the tunnels of their habitat. Our results elucidate the unique biology of this rodent, which elicits interest in the animal as a model for inflammatory research, although the findings require mechanistic corroborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosiany Letura Kisipan
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya.
| | - Rodi Omondi Ojoo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Titus Ikusya Kanui
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Klas S P Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Ebert T, Tran N, Schurgers L, Stenvinkel P, Shiels PG. Ageing - Oxidative stress, PTMs and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 86:101099. [PMID: 35689974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been proposed as a link between the oxidative stress-inflammation-ageing trinity, thereby affecting several hallmarks of ageing. Phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination cover >90% of all the reported PTMs. Several of the main PTMs are involved in normal "healthy" ageing and in different age-related diseases, for instance neurodegenerative, metabolic, cardiovascular, and bone diseases, as well as cancer and chronic kidney disease. Ultimately, data from human rare progeroid syndromes, but also from long-living animal species, imply that PTMs are critical regulators of the ageing process. Mechanistically, PTMs target epigenetic and non-epigenetic pathways during ageing. In particular, epigenetic histone modification has critical implications for the ageing process and can modulate lifespan. Therefore, PTM-based therapeutics appear to be attractive pharmaceutical candidates to reduce the burden of ageing-related diseases. Several phosphorylation and acetylation inhibitors have already been FDA-approved for the treatment of other diseases and offer a unique potential to investigate both beneficial effects and possible side-effects. As an example, the most well-studied senolytic compounds dasatinib and quercetin, which have already been tested in Phase 1 pilot studies, also act as kinase inhibitors, targeting cellular senescence and increasing lifespan. Future studies need to carefully determine the best PTM-based candidates for the treatment of the "diseasome of ageing".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ebert
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ngoc Tran
- University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research School Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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23
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Overexpression of LT, an Oncoprotein Derived from the Polyomavirus SV40, Promotes Somatic Embryogenesis in Cotton. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050853. [PMID: 35627238 PMCID: PMC9140353 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Although genetic transformation has opened up a new era for cotton molecular breeding, it still suffers from the limitation problem of long transformation periods, which slows down the generation of new cotton germplasms. In this study, LT gene (SV40 large T antigen), which promotes the transformation efficiency of animal cells, was codon-optimized. Its overexpression vector was transformed into cotton. It was observed that EC (embryogenic callus) formation period was 33% shorter and transformation efficiency was slightly higher in the LT T0 generation than that of control. RNA-seq data of NEC (non-embryonic callus) and EC from LT and control revealed that more DEGs (differential expression genes) in NEC were identified than that of EC, indicating LT mainly functioned in NEC. Further KEGG, GO, and transcription factor analyses showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathways and that bHLH, MYB, and AP2/ERF were the top three gene families, which are involved in EC formation. In addition, the key genes related to the auxin pathway were differentially expressed only in LT overexpression NEC, which caused early response, biosynthesis, and transportation of the hormone, resulting in EC earlier formation. In summary, the results demonstrated that LT can promote somatic embryogenesis in cotton, which provides a new strategy for improving cotton transformation and shortening EC formation time.
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D’Alessio S, Cheng H, Eaton L, Kraev I, Pamenter ME, Lange S. Acute Hypoxia Alters Extracellular Vesicle Signatures and the Brain Citrullinome of Naked Mole-Rats (Heterocephalus glaber). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094683. [PMID: 35563075 PMCID: PMC9100269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be indicative biomarkers of physiological and pathological status and adaptive responses, including to diseases and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and related to hypoxia. While these markers have been studied in hypoxia-intolerant mammals, in vivo investigations in hypoxia-tolerant species are lacking. Naked mole-rats (NMR) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals and are thus a good model organism for understanding natural and beneficial adaptations to hypoxia. Thus, we aimed to reveal CNS related roles for PADs in hypoxia tolerance and identify whether circulating EV signatures may reveal a fingerprint for adaptive whole-body hypoxia responses in this species. We found that following in vivo acute hypoxia, NMR: (1) plasma-EVs were remodelled, (2) whole proteome EV cargo contained more protein hits (including citrullinated proteins) and a higher number of associated KEGG pathways relating to the total proteome of plasma-EVs Also, (3) brains had a trend for elevation in PAD1, PAD3 and PAD6 protein expression, while PAD2 and PAD4 were reduced, while (4) the brain citrullinome had a considerable increase in deiminated protein hits with hypoxia (1222 vs. 852 hits in normoxia). Our findings indicate that circulating EV signatures are modified and proteomic content is reduced in hypoxic conditions in naked mole-rats, including the circulating EV citrullinome, while the brain citrullinome is elevated and modulated in response to hypoxia. This was further reflected in elevation of some PADs in the brain tissue following acute hypoxia treatment. These findings indicate a possible selective role for PAD-isozymes in hypoxia response and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania D’Alessio
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6 UW, UK;
| | - Hang Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Liam Eaton
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (H.C.); (L.E.); (M.E.P.)
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6 UW, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-20-7911-5000 (ext. 64832)
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Horvath S, Haghani A, Macoretta N, Ablaeva J, Zoller JA, Li CZ, Zhang J, Takasugi M, Zhao Y, Rydkina E, Zhang Z, Emmrich S, Raj K, Seluanov A, Faulkes CG, Gorbunova V. DNA methylation clocks tick in naked mole rats but queens age more slowly than nonbreeders. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:46-59. [PMID: 35368774 PMCID: PMC8975251 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Naked mole rats (NMRs) live an exceptionally long life, appear not to exhibit age-related decline in physiological capacity and are resistant to age-related diseases. However, it has been unknown whether NMRs also evade aging according to a primary hallmark of aging: epigenetic changes. To address this question, we profiled n = 385 samples from 11 tissue types at loci that are highly conserved between mammalian species using a custom array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). We observed strong epigenetic aging effects and developed seven highly accurate epigenetic clocks for several tissues (pan-tissue, blood, kidney, liver, skin clocks) and two dual-species (human-NMR) clocks. The skin clock correctly estimated induced pluripotent stem cells derived from NMR fibroblasts to be of prenatal age. The NMR epigenetic clocks revealed that breeding NMR queens age more slowly than nonbreeders, a feature that is also observed in some eusocial insects. Our results show that despite a phenotype of negligible senescence, the NMR ages epigenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Steve Horvath, Amin Haghani
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Steve Horvath, Amin Haghani
| | - Nicholas Macoretta
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Julia Ablaeva
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joseph A. Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caesar Z. Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masaki Takasugi
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elena Rydkina
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ken Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Andrei Seluanov, Chris G. Faulkes, Vera Gorbunova
| | - Chris G. Faulkes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Andrei Seluanov, Chris G. Faulkes, Vera Gorbunova
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Departments of Biology and Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Andrei Seluanov, Chris G. Faulkes, Vera Gorbunova
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Small molecules for cell reprogramming: a systems biology analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25739-25762. [PMID: 34919532 PMCID: PMC8751603 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
If somatic stem cells would be able to maintain their regenerative capacity over time, this might, to a great extent, resolve rejuvenation issues. Unfortunately, the pool of somatic stem cells is limited, and they undergo cell aging with a consequent loss of functionality. During the last decade, low molecular weight compounds that are able to induce or enhance cell reprogramming have been reported. They were named “Small Molecules” (SMs) and might present definite advantages compared to the exogenous introduction of stemness-related transcription factors (e.g. Yamanaka’s factors). Here, we undertook a systemic analysis of SMs and their potential gene targets. Data mining and curation lead to the identification of 92 SMs. The SM targets fall into three major functional categories: epigenetics, cell signaling, and metabolic “switchers”. All these categories appear to be required in each SM cocktail to induce cell reprogramming. Remarkably, many enriched pathways of SM targets are related to aging, longevity, and age-related diseases, thus connecting them with cell reprogramming. The network analysis indicates that SM targets are highly interconnected and form protein-protein networks of a scale-free topology. The extremely high contribution of hubs to network connectivity suggests that (i) cell reprogramming may require SM targets to act cooperatively, and (ii) their network organization might ensure robustness by resistance to random failures. All in all, further investigation of SMs and their relationship with longevity regulators will be helpful for developing optimal SM cocktails for cell reprogramming with a perspective for rejuvenation and life span extension.
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Reprogrammed Pteropus Bat Stem Cells as A Model to Study Host-Pathogen Interaction during Henipavirus Infection. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122567. [PMID: 34946167 PMCID: PMC8706405 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are natural hosts for numerous zoonotic viruses, including henipaviruses, which are highly pathogenic for humans, livestock, and other mammals but do not induce clinical disease in bats. Pteropus bats are identified as a reservoir of henipaviruses and the source of transmission of the infection to humans over the past 20 years. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms allowing bats to control viral infections requires the development of relevant, stable, and permissive cellular experimental models. By applying a somatic reprogramming protocol to Pteropus bat primary cells, using a combination of ESRRB (Estrogen Related Receptor Beta), CDX2 (Caudal type Homeobox 2), and c-MYC (MYC proto-oncogene) transcription factors, we generated bat reprogrammed cells. These cells exhibit stem cell-like characteristics and neural stem cell molecular signature. In contrast to primary fibroblastic cells, these reprogrammed stem cells are highly permissive to henipaviruses and exhibit specific transcriptomic profiles with the particular expression of certain susceptibility factors such as interferon-stimulated genes (ISG), which may be related to viral infection. These Pteropus bat reprogrammed stem cells should represent an important experimental tool to decipher interactions during henipaviruses infection in Pteropus bats, facilitate isolation and production of bat-borne viruses, and to better understand the bat biology.
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Zhao Y, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Revelations About Aging and Disease from Unconventional Vertebrate Model Organisms. Annu Rev Genet 2021; 55:135-159. [PMID: 34416119 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-071719-021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for multiple diseases. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of aging would help to delay and prevent age-associated diseases. Short-lived model organisms have been extensively used to study the mechanisms of aging. However, these short-lived species may be missing the longevity mechanisms that are needed to extend the lifespan of an already long-lived species such as humans. Unconventional long-lived animal species are an excellent resource to uncover novel mechanisms of longevity and disease resistance. Here, we review mechanisms that evolved in nonmodel vertebrate species to counteract age-associated diseases. Some antiaging mechanisms are conserved across species; however, various nonmodel species also evolved unique mechanisms to delay aging and prevent disease. This variety of antiaging mechanisms has evolved due to the remarkably diverse habitats and behaviors of these species. We propose that exploring a wider range of unconventional vertebrates will provide important resources to study antiaging mechanisms that are potentially applicable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA; ,
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA; ,
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA; ,
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Yamamura Y, Kawamura Y, Oiwa Y, Oka K, Onishi N, Saya H, Miura K. Isolation and characterization of neural stem/progenitor cells in the subventricular zone of the naked mole-rat brain. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:31. [PMID: 34719407 PMCID: PMC8559411 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The naked mole-rat (NMR) is the longest-lived rodent with a maximum lifespan of more than 37 years and shows a negligible senescence phenotype, suggesting that tissue stem cells of NMRs are highly capable of maintaining homeostasis. However, the properties of NMR tissue stem cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), are largely unclear. Methods Neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) were isolated from the subventricular zone of the neonate NMR brain (NMR-NS/PCs) and cultured in neurosphere and adherent culture conditions. Expression of NSC markers and markers of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. In adherent culture conditions, the proliferation rate and cell cycle of NMR-NS/PCs were assessed and compared with those of NS/PCs from mice (mouse-NS/PCs). The DNA damage response to γ-irradiation was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Results NMR-NS/PCs expressed several NSC markers and differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. NMR-NS/PCs proliferated markedly slower than mouse-NS/PCs, and a higher percentage of NMR-NS/PCs than mouse-NS/PCs was in G0/G1 phase. Notably, upon γ-irradiation, NMR-NS/PCs exhibited a faster initiation of the DNA damage response and were less prone to dying than mouse-NS/PCs. Conclusions NMR-NS/PCs were successfully isolated and cultured. The slow proliferation of NMR-NS/PCs and their resistance to DNA damage may help to prevent stem cell exhaustion in the brain during the long lifespan of NMRs. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism underlying delayed aging of NMRs. Further analysis of NMR tissue stem cells may lead to the development of new strategies that can prevent aging in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41232-021-00182-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yuki Oiwa
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kaori Oka
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-0016, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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30
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Pillai VV, Koganti PP, Kei TG, Gurung S, Butler WR, Selvaraj V. Efficient induction and sustenance of pluripotent stem cells from bovine somatic cells. Biol Open 2021; 10:272681. [PMID: 34719702 PMCID: PMC8565620 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although derivation of naïve bovine embryonic stem cells is unachieved, the possibility for generation of bovine induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs) has been generally reported. However, attempts to sustain biPSCs by promoting self-renewal have not been successful. Methods established for maintaining murine and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) do not support self-renewal of iPSCs for any bovid species. In this study, we examined methods to enhance complete reprogramming and concurrently investigated signaling relevant to pluripotency of the bovine blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM). First, we identified that forced expression of SV40 large T antigen together with the reprogramming genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC) substantially enhanced the reprogramming efficacy of bovine fibroblasts to biPSCs. Second, we uncovered that TGFβ signaling is actively perturbed in the ICM. Inhibition of ALK4/5/7 to block TGFβ/activin/nodal signaling together with GSK3β and MEK1/2 supported robust in vitro self-renewal of naïve biPSCs with unvarying colony morphology, steady expansion, expected pluripotency gene expression and committed differentiation plasticity. Core similarities between biPSCs and stem cells of the 16-cell-stage bovine embryo indicated a stable ground state of pluripotency; this allowed us to reliably gain predictive understanding of signaling in bovine pluripotency using systems biology approaches. Beyond defining a high-fidelity platform for advancing biPSC-based biotechnologies that have not been previously practicable, these findings also represent a significant step towards understanding corollaries and divergent aspects of bovine pluripotency. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper. Summary: Pluripotency reprogramming by overcoming the stable epigenome of bovine cells, and uncovering precise early embryo self-renewal mechanisms enables sustenance and expansion of authentic induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viju Vijayan Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Prasanthi P Koganti
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Tiffany G Kei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Shailesh Gurung
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - W Ronald Butler
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
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Convergent evolution of a genomic rearrangement may explain cancer resistance in hystrico- and sciuromorpha rodents. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2021; 7:20. [PMID: 34471123 PMCID: PMC8410860 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-021-00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rodents of hystricomorpha and sciuromorpha suborders exhibit remarkably lower incidence of cancer. The underlying genetic basis remains obscure. We report a convergent evolutionary split of human 3p21.31, a locus hosting a large number of tumour-suppressor genes (TSGs) and frequently deleted in several tumour types, in hystrico- and sciuromorphs. Analysis of 34 vertebrate genomes revealed that the synteny of 3p21.31 cluster is functionally and evolutionarily constrained in most placental mammals, but exhibit large genomic interruptions independently in hystricomorphs and sciuromorphs, owing to relaxation of underlying constraints. Hystrico- and sciuromorphs, therefore, escape from pro-tumorigenic co-deletion of several TSGs in cis. The split 3p21.31 sub-clusters gained proximity to proto-oncogene clusters from elsewhere, which might further nullify pro-tumorigenic impact of copy number variations due to co-deletion or co-amplification of genes with opposing effects. The split of 3p21.31 locus coincided with the accelerated rate of its gene expression and the body mass evolution of ancestral hystrico- and sciuromorphs. The genes near breakpoints were associated with the traits specific to hystrico- and sciuromorphs, implying adaptive significance. We conclude that the convergently evolved chromosomal interruptions of evolutionarily constrained 3p21.31 cluster might have impacted evolution of cancer resistance, body mass variation and ecological adaptations in hystrico- and sciuromorphs.
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Narayan V, McMahon M, O'Brien JJ, McAllister F, Buffenstein R. Insights into the Molecular Basis of Genome Stability and Pristine Proteostasis in Naked Mole-Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:287-314. [PMID: 34424521 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is the longest-lived rodent, with a maximal reported lifespan of 37 years. In addition to its long lifespan - which is much greater than predicted based on its small body size (longevity quotient of ~4.2) - naked mole-rats are also remarkably healthy well into old age. This is reflected in a striking resistance to tumorigenesis and minimal declines in cardiovascular, neurological and reproductive function in older animals. Over the past two decades, researchers have been investigating the molecular mechanisms regulating the extended life- and health- span of this animal, and since the sequencing and assembly of the naked mole-rat genome in 2011, progress has been rapid. Here, we summarize findings from published studies exploring the unique molecular biology of the naked mole-rat, with a focus on mechanisms and pathways contributing to genome stability and maintenance of proteostasis during aging. We also present new data from our laboratory relevant to the topic and discuss our findings in the context of the published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary McMahon
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Calico Life Sciences, LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Boughey H, Jurga M, El-Khamisy SF. DNA Homeostasis and Senescence: Lessons from the Naked Mole Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116011. [PMID: 34199458 PMCID: PMC8199619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As we age, our bodies accrue damage in the form of DNA mutations. These mutations lead to the generation of sub-optimal proteins, resulting in inadequate cellular homeostasis and senescence. The build-up of senescent cells negatively affects the local cellular micro-environment and drives ageing associated disease, including neurodegeneration. Therefore, limiting the accumulation of DNA damage is essential for healthy neuronal populations. The naked mole rats (NMR) are from eastern Africa and can live for over three decades in chronically hypoxic environments. Despite their long lifespan, NMRs show little to no biological decline, neurodegeneration, or senescence. Here, we discuss molecular pathways and adaptations that NMRs employ to maintain genome integrity and combat the physiological and pathological decline in organismal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Boughey
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Mateusz Jurga
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Sherif F. El-Khamisy
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and the Institute of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-114-2222-791; Fax: +44-(0)-114-222-2850
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Holtze S, Gorshkova E, Braude S, Cellerino A, Dammann P, Hildebrandt TB, Hoeflich A, Hoffmann S, Koch P, Terzibasi Tozzini E, Skulachev M, Skulachev VP, Sahm A. Alternative Animal Models of Aging Research. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:660959. [PMID: 34079817 PMCID: PMC8166319 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.660959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on mechanisms of aging is being conducted in a very limited number of classical model species, i.e., laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica), the common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans). The obvious advantages of using these models are access to resources such as strains with known genetic properties, high-quality genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data, versatile experimental manipulation capabilities including well-established genome editing tools, as well as extensive experience in husbandry. However, this approach may introduce interpretation biases due to the specific characteristics of the investigated species, which may lead to inappropriate, or even false, generalization. For example, it is still unclear to what extent knowledge of aging mechanisms gained in short-lived model organisms is transferable to long-lived species such as humans. In addition, other specific adaptations favoring a long and healthy life from the immense evolutionary toolbox may be entirely missed. In this review, we summarize the specific characteristics of emerging animal models that have attracted the attention of gerontologists, we provide an overview of the available data and resources related to these models, and we summarize important insights gained from them in recent years. The models presented include short-lived ones such as killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), long-lived ones such as primates (Callithrix jacchus, Cebus imitator, Macaca mulatta), bathyergid mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber, Fukomys spp.), bats (Myotis spp.), birds, olms (Proteus anguinus), turtles, greenland sharks, bivalves (Arctica islandica), and potentially non-aging ones such as Hydra and Planaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Gorshkova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stan Braude
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alessandro Cellerino
- Biology Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Dammann
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Central Animal Laboratory, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Division Signal Transduction, Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Terzibasi Tozzini
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Maxim Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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35
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de Lima Camillo LP, Quinlan RBA. A ride through the epigenetic landscape: aging reversal by reprogramming. GeroScience 2021; 43:463-485. [PMID: 33825176 PMCID: PMC8110674 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging has become one of the fastest-growing research topics in biology. However, exactly how the aging process occurs remains unknown. Epigenetics plays a significant role, and several epigenetic interventions can modulate lifespan. This review will explore the interplay between epigenetics and aging, and how epigenetic reprogramming can be harnessed for age reversal. In vivo partial reprogramming holds great promise as a possible therapy, but several limitations remain. Rejuvenation by reprogramming is a young but rapidly expanding subfield in the biology of aging.
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36
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Miura K, Oiwa Y, Kawamura Y. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Cancer-Resistant Naked Mole-Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1319:329-339. [PMID: 34424523 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65943-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells play essential roles in the development and tissue homeostasis of animals and are closely associated with carcinogenesis and aging. Also, the somatic cell reprogramming process to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells shares several characteristics with carcinogenesis. In this chapter, we focus on iPS cells and the reprogramming process of somatic cells in the naked mole-rat (NMR), the longest-living rodent with remarkable cancer resistance capabilities. NMR somatic cells show resistance to reprogramming induction, and generated NMR-iPS cells have a unique tumor-resistant phenotype. This phenotype is regulated by expressional activation of the tumor suppressor ARF gene and loss-of-function mutation in oncogene ERAS. Notably, it was also found that NMR somatic cells undergo senescence when ARF is suppressed during reprogramming, which would contribute to the resistance to both reprogramming and cancer in NMR somatic cells. Further studies on reprogramming resistance in NMR somatic cells and their concomitant tumor resistance in NMR-iPS cells would contribute to a better understanding of both cancer resistance and delayed aging in NMRs. In addition, NMR-iPS cells can be used as a new and important cell source for advancing research concerning several extraordinary physiological characteristics of NMR. Furthermore, study of NMR-iPS cells could lead to the development of safer regenerative therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Miura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. .,Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yuki Oiwa
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Kawamura
- Department of Aging and Longevity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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37
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Harman RM, Das SP, Bartlett AP, Rauner G, Donahue LR, Van de Walle GR. Beyond tradition and convention: benefits of non-traditional model organisms in cancer research. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:47-69. [PMID: 33111160 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional laboratory model organisms are indispensable for cancer research and have provided insight into numerous mechanisms that contribute to cancer development and progression in humans. However, these models do have some limitations, most notably related to successful drug translation, because traditional model organisms are often short-lived, small-bodied, genetically homogeneous, often immunocompromised, are not exposed to natural environments shared with humans, and usually do not develop cancer spontaneously. We propose that assimilating information from a variety of long-lived, large, genetically diverse, and immunocompetent species that live in natural environments and do develop cancer spontaneously (or do not develop cancer at all) will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of human cancers. These non-traditional model organisms can also serve as sentinels for environmental risk factors that contribute to human cancers. Ultimately, expanding the range of animal models that can be used to study cancer will lead to improved insights into cancer development, progression and metastasis, tumor microenvironment, as well as improved therapies and diagnostics, and will consequently reduce the negative impacts of the wide variety of cancers afflicting humans overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sanjna P Das
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arianna P Bartlett
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gat Rauner
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Leanne R Donahue
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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38
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Wang Y, Tang Z, Gu P. Stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation for retinal degeneration: a review of clinical trials. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:793. [PMID: 32968042 PMCID: PMC7511341 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinal degeneration (RD) is one of the dominant causes of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide. However, the current effective therapeutics for RD in the ophthalmologic clinic are unclear and controversial. In recent years, extensively investigated stem/progenitor cells-including retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-with proliferation and multidirectional differentiation potential have presented opportunities to revolutionise the ultimate clinical management of RD. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on the progression of clinical trials for RD treatment using four types of stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation to replace degenerative retinal cells and/or to supplement trophic factors from the aspects of safety, effectiveness and their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we also discuss the emerging role of stem cells in the secretion of multifunctional nanoscale exosomes by which stem cells could be further exploited as a potential RD therapy. This review will facilitate the understanding of scientists and clinicians of the enormous promise of stem/progenitor cell-based transplantation for RD treatment, and provide incentive for superior employment of such strategies that may be suitable for treatment of other diseases, such as stroke and ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.
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39
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Lam EK, Allen KN, Torres-Velarde JM, Vázquez-Medina JP. Functional Studies with Primary Cells Provide a System for Genome-to-Phenome Investigations in Marine Mammals. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 60:348-360. [PMID: 32516367 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals exhibit some of the most dramatic physiological adaptations in their clade and offer unparalleled insights into the mechanisms driving convergent evolution on relatively short time scales. Some of these adaptations, such as extreme tolerance to hypoxia and prolonged food deprivation, are uncommon among most terrestrial mammals and challenge established metabolic principles of supply and demand balance. Non-targeted omics studies are starting to uncover the genetic foundations of such adaptations, but tools for testing functional significance in these animals are currently lacking. Cellular modeling with primary cells represents a powerful approach for elucidating the molecular etiology of physiological adaptation, a critical step in accelerating genome-to-phenome studies in organisms in which transgenesis is impossible (e.g., large-bodied, long-lived, fully aquatic, federally protected species). Gene perturbation studies in primary cells can directly evaluate whether specific mutations, gene loss, or duplication confer functional advantages such as hypoxia or stress tolerance in marine mammals. Here, we summarize how genetic and pharmacological manipulation approaches in primary cells have advanced mechanistic investigations in other non-traditional mammalian species, and highlight the need for such investigations in marine mammals. We also provide key considerations for isolating, culturing, and conducting experiments with marine mammal cells under conditions that mimic in vivo states. We propose that primary cell culture is a critical tool for conducting functional mechanistic studies (e.g., gene knockdown, over-expression, or editing) that can provide the missing link between genome- and organismal-level understanding of physiological adaptations in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Lam
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaitlin N Allen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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40
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Shepard A, Kissil JL. The use of non-traditional models in the study of cancer resistance-the case of the naked mole rat. Oncogene 2020; 39:5083-5097. [PMID: 32535616 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-traditional model organisms are typically defined as any model the deviates from the typical laboratory animals, such as mouse, rat, and worm. These models are becoming increasingly important in human disease research, such as cancer, as they often display unusual biological features. Naked mole rats (NMRs) are currently one of the most popular non-traditional model, particularly in the longevity and cancer research fields. NMRs display an exceptionally long lifespan (~30 years), yet have been observed to display a low incidence of cancer, making them excellent candidates for understanding endogenous cancer resistance mechanisms. Over the past decade, many potential resistance mechanisms have been characterized. These include unique biological mechanisms involved in genome stability, protein stability, oxidative metabolism, and other cellular mechanisms such as cell cycle regulation and senescence. This review aims to summarize the many identified cancer resistance mechanisms to understand some of the main hypotheses that have thus far been generated. Many of these proposed mechanisms remain to be fully characterized or confirmed in vivo, giving the field a direction to grow and further understand the complex biology displayed by the NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Shepard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Joseph L Kissil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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Metformin: Sentinel of the Epigenetic Landscapes That Underlie Cell Fate and Identity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050780. [PMID: 32443566 PMCID: PMC7277648 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biguanide metformin is the first drug to be tested as a gerotherapeutic in the clinical trial TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin). The current consensus is that metformin exerts indirect pleiotropy on core metabolic hallmarks of aging, such as the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 and AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian Target Of Rapamycin signaling pathways, downstream of its primary inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiratory complex I. Alternatively, but not mutually exclusive, metformin can exert regulatory effects on components of the biologic machinery of aging itself such as chromatin-modifying enzymes. An integrative metabolo-epigenetic outlook supports a new model whereby metformin operates as a guardian of cell identity, capable of retarding cellular aging by preventing the loss of the information-theoretic nature of the epigenome. The ultimate anti-aging mechanism of metformin might involve the global preservation of the epigenome architecture, thereby ensuring cell fate commitment and phenotypic outcomes despite the challenging effects of aging noise. Metformin might therefore inspire the development of new gerotherapeutics capable of preserving the epigenome architecture for cell identity. Such gerotherapeutics should replicate the ability of metformin to halt the erosion of the epigenetic landscape, mitigate the loss of cell fate commitment, delay stochastic/environmental DNA methylation drifts, and alleviate cellular senescence. Yet, it remains a challenge to confirm if regulatory changes in higher-order genomic organizers can connect the capacity of metformin to dynamically regulate the three-dimensional nature of epigenetic landscapes with the 4th dimension, the aging time.
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Lee BP, Smith M, Buffenstein R, Harries LW. Negligible senescence in naked mole rats may be a consequence of well-maintained splicing regulation. GeroScience 2020; 42:633-651. [PMID: 31927681 PMCID: PMC7205774 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMRs) have amongst the longest lifespans relative to body size of any known, non-volant mammalian species. They also display an enhanced stress resistance phenotype, negligible senescence and very rarely are they burdened with chronic age-related diseases. Alternative splicing (AS) dysregulation is emerging as a potential driver of senescence and ageing. We hypothesised that the expression of splicing factors, important regulators of patterns of AS, may differ in NMRs when compared to other species with relatively shorter lifespans. We designed assays specific to NMR splicing regulatory factors and also to a panel of pre-selected brain-expressed genes known to demonstrate senescence-related alterations in AS in other species, and measured age-related changes in the transcript expression levels of these using embryonic and neonatal developmental stages through to extreme old age in NMR brain samples. We also compared splicing factor expression in both young mouse and NMR spleen and brain samples. Both NMR tissues showed approximately double the expression levels observed in tissues from similarly sized mice. Furthermore, contrary to observations in other species, following a brief period of labile expression in early life stages, adult NMR splicing factors and patterns of AS for functionally relevant brain genes remained remarkably stable for at least two decades. These findings are consistent with a model whereby the conservation of splicing regulation and stable patterns of AS may contribute to better molecular stress responses and the avoidance of senescence in NMRs, contributing to their exceptional lifespan and prolonged healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Lee
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - M Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, 1170 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - R Buffenstein
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, 1170 Veterans Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - L W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK.
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43
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Tombline G, Gigas J, Macoretta N, Zacher M, Emmrich S, Zhao Y, Seluanov A, Gorbunova V. Proteomics of Long-Lived Mammals. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1800416. [PMID: 31737995 PMCID: PMC7117992 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian species differ up to 100-fold in their aging rates and maximum lifespans. Long-lived mammals appear to possess traits that extend lifespan and healthspan. Genomic analyses have not revealed a single pro-longevity function that would account for all longevity effects. In contrast, it appears that pro-longevity mechanisms may be complex traits afforded by connections between metabolism and protein functions that are impossible to predict by genomic approaches alone. Thus, metabolomics and proteomics studies will be required to understand the mechanisms of longevity. Several examples are reviewed that demonstrate the naked mole rat (NMR) shows unique proteomic signatures that contribute to longevity by overcoming several hallmarks of aging. SIRT6 is also discussed as an example of a protein that evolves enhanced enzymatic function in long-lived species. Finally, it is shown that several longevity-related proteins such as Cip1/p21, FOXO3, TOP2A, AKT1, RICTOR, INSR, and SIRT6 harbor posttranslational modification (PTM) sites that preferentially appear in either short- or long-lived species and provide examples of crosstalk between PTM sites. Prospects of enhancing lifespan and healthspan of humans by altering metabolism and proteoforms with drugs that mimic changes observed in long-lived species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tombline
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Jonathan Gigas
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Nicholas Macoretta
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Max Zacher
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Stephan Emmrich
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Andrei Seluanov
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- University of Rochester, Department of Biology, Rochester,
New York 14627, USA
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44
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Evdokimov A, Petruseva I, Popov A, Koval O, Lavrik O. Naked mole rat cells display more efficient DNA excision repair and higher resistance to toxic impacts than mouse cells. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202201017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole rat is the long-lived and tumor-resistant rodent. Naked mole rat possesses multiple adaptations that may contribute to longevity and cancer-resistance. Higher activity of DNA excision repair systems and their faster recovery after genotoxic impact as compare with Mus musculus directly demonstrated in our previous investigation contribute to longevity and cancer resistance of naked mole rat. In the present study the DNA-damage-induced apoptosis in naked mole rat fibroblasts was studied using conventional methods. The ability of naked mole rat cells to undergo regulated cell death in response to genotoxic stress is another group of cell defense mechanisms. Naked mole rat skin fibroblasts were demonstrated to be much more resistant towards proapoptotic reagents methyl methanesulfonate, 5-fluorouracil and etoposide as compared with fibroblasts of Mus musculus. Naked mole rat cells have demonstrated limited apoptotic response and seem to undergo also other-type regulated cell death under severe genotoxic stress.
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Bell CG, Lowe R, Adams PD, Baccarelli AA, Beck S, Bell JT, Christensen BC, Gladyshev VN, Heijmans BT, Horvath S, Ideker T, Issa JPJ, Kelsey KT, Marioni RE, Reik W, Relton CL, Schalkwyk LC, Teschendorff AE, Wagner W, Zhang K, Rakyan VK. DNA methylation aging clocks: challenges and recommendations. Genome Biol 2019; 20:249. [PMID: 31767039 PMCID: PMC6876109 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic clocks comprise a set of CpG sites whose DNA methylation levels measure subject age. These clocks are acknowledged as a highly accurate molecular correlate of chronological age in humans and other vertebrates. Also, extensive research is aimed at their potential to quantify biological aging rates and test longevity or rejuvenating interventions. Here, we discuss key challenges to understand clock mechanisms and biomarker utility. This requires dissecting the drivers and regulators of age-related changes in single-cell, tissue- and disease-specific models, as well as exploring other epigenomic marks, longitudinal and diverse population studies, and non-human models. We also highlight important ethical issues in forensic age determination and predicting the trajectory of biological aging in an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Bell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Robert Lowe
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Peter D Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research and University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Stephan Beck
- Medical Genomics, Paul O'Gorman Building, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, Gonda Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Trey Ideker
- San Diego Center for Systems Biology, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Jean-Pierre J Issa
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Wolf Reik
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | | | - Andrew E Teschendorff
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen Faculty of Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Kang Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Vardhman K Rakyan
- The Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Pamenter ME, Uysal-Onganer P, Huynh KW, Kraev I, Lange S. Post-Translational Deimination of Immunological and Metabolic Protein Markers in Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles of Naked Mole-Rat ( Heterocephalus glaber). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5378. [PMID: 31671738 PMCID: PMC6862702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats are long-lived animals that show unusual resistance to hypoxia, cancer and ageing. Protein deimination is an irreversible post-translational modification caused by the peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) family of enzymes, which convert arginine into citrulline in target proteins. Protein deimination can cause structural and functional protein changes, facilitating protein moonlighting, but also leading to neo-epitope generation and effects on gene regulation. Furthermore, PADs have been found to regulate cellular release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid-vesicles released from cells as part of cellular communication. EVs carry protein and genetic cargo and are indicative biomarkers that can be isolated from most body fluids. This study was aimed at profiling deiminated proteins in plasma and EVs of naked mole-rat. Key immune and metabolic proteins were identified to be post-translationally deiminated, with 65 proteins specific for plasma, while 42 proteins were identified to be deiminated in EVs only. Using protein-protein interaction network analysis, deiminated plasma proteins were found to belong to KEEG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways of immunity, infection, cholesterol and drug metabolism, while deiminated proteins in EVs were also linked to KEEG pathways of HIF-1 signalling and glycolysis. The mole-rat EV profiles showed a poly-dispersed population of 50-300 nm, similar to observations of human plasma. Furthermore, the EVs were assessed for three key microRNAs involved in cancer, inflammation and hypoxia. The identification of post-translational deimination of critical immunological and metabolic markers contributes to the current understanding of protein moonlighting functions, via post-translational changes, in the longevity and cancer resistance of naked mole-rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6 UW, UK.
| | - Kenny W Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6 UW, UK.
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Ou J, Rosa S, Berchowitz LE, Li W. Induced pluripotent stem cells as a tool for comparative physiology: lessons from the thirteen-lined ground squirrel. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb196493. [PMID: 31585999 PMCID: PMC6806009 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.196493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Comparative physiologists are often interested in adaptive physiological phenomena found in unconventional model organisms; however, research on these species is frequently constrained by the limited availability of investigative tools. Here, we propose that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from unconventional model organisms may retain certain species-specific features that can consequently be investigated in depth in vitro; we use hibernating mammals as an example. Many species (including ground squirrels, bats and bears) can enter a prolonged state of physiological dormancy known as hibernation to survive unfavorable seasonal conditions. Our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the rapid transition and adaptation to a hypothermic, metabolically suppressed winter torpor state remains limited partially because of the lack of an easily accessible model. To address the fascinating unanswered questions underlying hibernation biology, we have developed a powerful model system: iPSCs from a hibernating species, the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). These stem cells can potentially be differentiated into any cell type, and can be used for the analysis of cell-autonomous mechanisms that facilitate adaptation to hibernation and for comparisons with non-hibernators. Furthermore, we can manipulate candidate molecular and cellular pathways underlying relevant physiological phenomena by pharmacological or RNAi-based methods, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Moreover, iPSC strategies can be applied to other species (e.g. seals, naked mole rats, humming birds) for in vitro studies on adaptation to extreme physiological conditions. In this Commentary, we discuss factors to consider when attempting to generate iPSCs from unconventional model organisms, based on our experience with the thirteen-lined ground squirrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxing Ou
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Rosa
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's and the Aging Brain, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luke E Berchowitz
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's and the Aging Brain, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Tezil T, Chamoli M, Ng CP, Simon RP, Butler VJ, Jung M, Andersen J, Kao AW, Verdin E. Lifespan-increasing drug nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits p300 and activates autophagy. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2019; 5:7. [PMID: 31602311 PMCID: PMC6775102 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-019-0037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the progressive loss of physiological function in all organisms. Remarkably, the aging process can be modulated by environmental modifications, including diet and small molecules. The natural compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) robustly increases lifespan in flies and mice, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we report that NDGA is an inhibitor of the epigenetic regulator p300. We find that NDGA inhibits p300 acetyltransferase activity in vitro and suppresses acetylation of a key p300 target in histones (i.e., H3K27) in cells. We use the cellular thermal shift assay to uniquely demonstrate NDGA binding to p300 in cells. Finally, in agreement with recent findings indicating that p300 is a potent blocker of autophagy, we show that NDGA treatment induces autophagy. These findings identify p300 as a target of NDGA and provide mechanistic insight into its role in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugsan Tezil
- 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400 USA
| | - Manish Chamoli
- 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400 USA
| | - Che-Ping Ng
- 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400 USA
| | - Roman P Simon
- 2Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
| | - Victoria J Butler
- 3Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Manfred Jung
- 2Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, Freiburg, 79104 Germany
| | - Julie Andersen
- 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400 USA
| | - Aimee W Kao
- 3Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- 1Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400 USA
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Michalak EM, Burr ML, Bannister AJ, Dawson MA. The roles of DNA, RNA and histone methylation in ageing and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:573-589. [PMID: 31270442 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin is a macromolecular complex predominantly comprising DNA, histone proteins and RNA. The methylation of chromatin components is highly conserved as it helps coordinate the regulation of gene expression, DNA repair and DNA replication. Dynamic changes in chromatin methylation are essential for cell-fate determination and development. Consequently, inherited or acquired mutations in the major factors that regulate the methylation of DNA, RNA and/or histones are commonly observed in developmental disorders, ageing and cancer. This has provided the impetus for the clinical development of epigenetic therapies aimed at resetting the methylation imbalance observed in these disorders. In this Review, we discuss the cellular functions of chromatin methylation and focus on how this fundamental biological process is corrupted in cancer. We discuss methylation-based cancer therapies and provide a perspective on the emerging data from early-phase clinical trial therapies that target regulators of DNA and histone methylation. We also highlight promising therapeutic strategies, including monitoring chromatin methylation for diagnostic purposes and combination epigenetic therapy strategies that may improve immune surveillance in cancer and increase the efficacy of conventional and targeted anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M Michalak
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marian L Burr
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Bannister
- Gurdon Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mark A Dawson
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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50
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Chen D, Kerr C. The Epigenetics of Stem Cell Aging Comes of Age. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:563-568. [PMID: 31030975 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that epigenetic regulators are critically required for the maintenance of tissue-specific stem cells and that the epigenetic marks are altered in stem cells during physiological aging. Intriguingly, aging-associated stem cell functional decline can be reversed by manipulating epigenetic factors that become dysregulated during aging. These observations lend support to the stem cell theory of aging, which postulates that aging is the result of the inability of tissue-specific stem cells to replenish the tissues with functional differentiated cells that maintain the function of a tissue, and open a new era of research on the epigenetics of stem cell aging that may represent therapeutic potential. Recent advances in single cell technologies are revolutionizing our mechanistic understanding of rare populations of cells, such as stem cells, and offer an unprecedented opportunity to address this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Candace Kerr
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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