1
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Sherapura A, Siddesh BM, Malojirao VH, Thirusangu P, Avin BRV, Kumari NS, Ramachandra YL, Prabhakar BT. Steroidal alkaloid solanidine impedes hypoxia-driven ATM phosphorylation to switch on anti-angiogenesis in lung adenocarcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154981. [PMID: 37531902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The declined oxygen tension in the cancer cell leads to the hypoxic adaptive response and favors establishment of tumor micro environment [TEM]. The complex TME consists of interwoven hypoxic HIF-1α and DNA damage repair ATM signaling. The ATM/HIF-1α phosphorylation switch on angiogenesis and abort apoptosis. Targeting this signaling nexus would be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. BACKGROUND Steroidal alkaloid solanidine is known for varied pharmacological role but with less molecular evidences. Our earlier findings on solanidine proven its anti-neoplastic activity by inducing apoptosis in lung cancer. In continued research, efforts have been made to establish the underlying molecular signaling in induction of DNA damage in prevailing hypoxic TME. METHODS The solanidine induced DNA damage was assessed trough alkali COMET assay; signaling nexus and gene expression profile analysis through IB, qRT-PCR, Gelatin Zymography, IHC, IF and ELISA. Pathophysiological modulations assessed through tube formation, migration, invasion assays. Anti-angiogenic studies through CAM, rat aorta, matrigel assays and corneal neovascularization assay. Anti-tumor activity through in-vivo DLA ascites tumor model and LLC model. RESULTS The results postulates, inhibition of hypoxia driven DDR proteins pATMser1981/pHIF-1αser696 by solanidine induces anti-angiogenesis. Systematic study of both non-tumorigenic and tumorigenic models in-vitro as well as in-vivo experimental system revealed the angio-regression mediated anticancer effect in lung cancer. These effects are due to the impeded expression of angiogenic mediators such as VEGF, MMP2&9 and inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα to induce pathophysiological changes CONCLUSION: The study establishes new role of solanidine by targeting ATM/HIF-1α signaling to induce anti-angiogenesis for the first time. The study highlights the potentiality of plant based phytomedicine solanidine which can targets the multiple hallmarks of cancer by targeting interwoven signaling crosstalk. Such an approach through solanidine necessary to counteract heterogeneous complexity of cancer which could be nearly translated into drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankith Sherapura
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, 577203, Karnataka, India
| | - B M Siddesh
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, 577203, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikas H Malojirao
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, 577203, Karnataka, India; Division for DNA Repair Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Centre for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist, Fannin Street, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prabhu Thirusangu
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, 577203, Karnataka, India; Department of Experidmental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B R Vijay Avin
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, 577203, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmacology and Centre for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - N Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical College, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
| | - Y L Ramachandra
- Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577 451, Karnataka, India
| | - B T Prabhakar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Postgraduate Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shivamogga, 577203, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Agarwal DS, Sakhuja R, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Steroid-triazole conjugates: A brief overview of synthesis and their application as anticancer agents. Steroids 2023:109258. [PMID: 37330161 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are biomolecules that play pivotal roles in various physiological and drug discovery processes. Abundant research has been fuelled towards steroid-heterocycles conjugates over the last few decades as potential therapeutic agents against various diseases especially as anticancer agents. In this context various steroid-triazole conjugates have been synthesized and studied for their anticancer potential against various cancer cell lines. A thorough search of the literatures revealed that a concise review pertaining the present topic is not compiled. Therefore, in thus review we summarize the synthesis, anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines and structure activity relationship (SAR) of various steroid-triazole conjugates. This review can lay down the path towards the development of various steroid-heterocycles conjugates with lesser side effects and profound efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh S Agarwal
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, India
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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3
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Huang Y, Li G, Hong C, Zheng X, Yu H, Zhang Y. Potential of Steroidal Alkaloids in Cancer: Perspective Insight Into Structure-Activity Relationships. Front Oncol 2021; 11:733369. [PMID: 34616681 PMCID: PMC8489381 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.733369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids contain both steroidal and alkaloid properties in terms of chemical properties and pharmacological activities. Due to outstanding biological activities such as alkaloids and similar pharmacological effects to other steroids, steroidal alkaloids have received special attention in anticancer activity recently. Substituted groups in chemical structure play markedly important roles in biological activities. Therefore, the effective way to obtain lead compounds quickly is structural modification, which is guided by structure-activity relationships (SARs). This review presents the SAR of steroidal alkaloids and anticancer, including pregnane alkaloids, cyclopregnane alkaloids, cholestane alkaloids, C-nor-D-homosteroidal alkaloids, and bis-steroidal pyrazine. A summary of SAR can powerfully help to design and synthesize more lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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4
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Sonkar C, Malviya N, Ranjan R, Pakhira S, Mukhopadhyay S. Mechanistic Insight for Targeting Biomolecules by Ruthenium(II) NSAID Complexes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4600-4612. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sonkar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Novina Malviya
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Rishi Ranjan
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Srimanta Pakhira
- Discipline of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science (MEMS), School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
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Mótyán G, Gopisetty MK, Kiss-Faludy RE, Kulmány Á, Zupkó I, Frank É, Kiricsi M. Anti-Cancer Activity of Novel Dihydrotestosterone-Derived Ring A-Condensed Pyrazoles on Androgen Non-Responsive Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092170. [PMID: 31052484 PMCID: PMC6539495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regioselective synthesis of novel ring A-fused arylpyrazoles of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was carried out in two steps under facile reaction conditions. Aldol condensation of DHT with acetaldehyde afforded a 2-ethylidene derivative regio- and stereo-selectively, which was reacted with different arylhydrazines in the presence of iodine via microwave-assisted oxidative cyclization reactions. The 17-keto analogs of steroidal pyrazoles were also synthesized by simple oxidation in order to enlarge the compound library available for pharmacological studies and to obtain structure–activity relationship. The antiproliferative activities of the structurally related heteroaromatic compounds were tested in vitro on human cervical and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and on two androgen-independent malignant prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC-3 and DU 145). Based on primary cytotoxicity screens and IC50 assessment, a structure-function relationship was identified, as derivatives carrying a hydroxyl group on C-17 exhibit stronger activity compared to the 17-one counterparts. Cancer cell selectivity of the derivatives was also determined using non-cancerous MRC-5 cells. Furthermore, the proapoptotic effects of some selected derivatives were verified on androgen therapy refractive p53-deficient PC-3 cells. The present study concludes that novel DHT-derived arylpyrazoles exert cancer cell specific antiproliferative activity and activate apoptosis in PC-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Mótyán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mohana Krishna Gopisetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Réka Eleonóra Kiss-Faludy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Kulmány
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mónika Kiricsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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6
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Chen H, Liang X, Sun T, Qiao X, Zhan Z, Li Z, He C, Ya H, Yuan M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of estrone 3-O-ether derivatives containing the piperazine moiety. Steroids 2018; 134:101-109. [PMID: 29476759 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new estrone derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. All new estrone derivatives were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic efficacies against a panel of three human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, and DU145). The derivatives 6, 7, 10, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 24 and 26 showed important cytotoxic actions against individual carcinoma cell line collections. Moreover, antagonistic activities of compounds (7, 15, 16 and 21) towards a1-ARs (α1A, α1B, and α1D) were further evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter assays, and the compounds 16 and 21 exhibited better a1-ARs subtype selectivity. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) suggested that the substitute's type and position on the phenyl group leads to the interesting variations within pharmacological effects of resultant molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621# Gangwan Road, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhou Zhan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Ziyong Li
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Chaojun He
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mu Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China.
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7
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Bózsity N, Minorics R, Szabó J, Mernyák E, Schneider G, Wölfling J, Wang HC, Wu CC, Ocsovszki I, Zupkó I. Mechanism of antiproliferative action of a new d-secoestrone-triazole derivative in cervical cancer cells and its effect on cancer cell motility. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:247-257. [PMID: 27363663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. Cervical cancer is predominantly related with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, with the most oncogenic types being HPV-18 and -16. Our previous studies demonstrated that some d-secoestrone derivatives exert pronounced antiproliferative activity. The aim of the current investigation was to characterize the mechanism of action of d-secoestrone-triazole (D-SET) on three cervical cancer cell lines with different pathological backgrounds. The growth-inhibitory effects of D-SET were determined by a standard MTT assay. We have found that D-SET exerts a pronounced growth-inhibitory effect on HPV 18-positive HeLa and HPV-negative C-33 A cells, but it has no substantial inhibitory activity on HPV 16-positive SiHa or on intact fibroblast MRC-5 cell lines. After 24h incubation, cells showed the morphological and biochemical signs of apoptosis determined by fluorescent double staining, flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay. Besides the elevation of the ratio of cells in the subG1 phase, flow cytometric analysis revealed a cell cycle arrest at G2/M in both HeLa and C-33 A cell lines. To distinguish the G2/M cell population immunocytochemical flow cytometric analysis was performed on HeLa cells. The results show that D-SET significantly increases the ratio of phosphorylated histone H3, indicating cell accumulation in the M phase. Additionally, D-SET significantly increased the maximum rate of microtube formation measured by an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay. Besides its direct antiproliferative activity, the antimigratory property of D-SET has been investigated. Our results demonstrate that D-SET significantly inhibits the migration and invasion of HeLa cells after 24h incubation. These results suggests that D-SET is a potent antiproliferative agent against HPV 16+ and HPV-negative cervical cancer cell lines, with an efficacious motility-inhibiting activity against HPV 16+ cells. Accordingly D-SET can be regarded as a potential drug candidate with a promising new mechanism of action among the antiproliferative steroids, potentially allowing for the design of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Bózsity
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Johanna Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hui-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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8
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Mótyán G, Kovács F, Wölfling J, Gyovai A, Zupkó I, Frank É. Microwave-assisted stereoselective approach to novel steroidal ring D-fused 2-pyrazolines and an evaluation of their cell-growth inhibitory effects in vitro. Steroids 2016; 112:36-46. [PMID: 27154752 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel ring D-condensed 2-pyrazolines in the Δ(5)-androstene series were efficiently synthesized from 16-dehydropregnenolone or its acetate with different arylhydrazines or methylhydrazine, respectively, under microwave irradiation. The reactions are assumed to occur via hydrazone intermediates, followed by intramolecular 1,4-addition leading to the fused heteroring stereoselectively with a 16α,17α-cis ring junction. The synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro pharmacological studies of their antiproliferative activities against four human breast (MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-361) and three cervical (HeLa, C33A and SiHA) malignant cell lines. Flow cytometry revealed that the most potent agent elicited a cell cycle disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Mótyán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kovács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Gyovai
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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9
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Molnár J, Szebeni GJ, Csupor-Löffler B, Hajdú Z, Szekeres T, Saiko P, Ocsovszki I, Puskás LG, Hohmann J, Zupkó I. Investigation of the Antiproliferative Properties of Natural Sesquiterpenes from Artemisia asiatica and Onopordum acanthium on HL-60 Cells in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:83. [PMID: 26901188 PMCID: PMC4783873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and plant extracts play a crucial role in the research into novel antineoplastic agents. Four sesquiterpene lactones, artecanin (1), 3β-chloro-4α,10α-dihydroxy-1α,2α-epoxy-5α,7αH-guaia-11(13)-en-12,6α-olide (2), iso-seco-tanapartholide 3-O-methyl ether (3) and 4β,15-dihydro-3-dehydrozaluzanin C (4), were isolated from two traditionally used Asteraceae species (Onopordum acanthium and Artemisia asiatica). When tested for antiproliferative action on HL-60 leukemia cells, these compounds exhibited reasonable IC50 values in the range 3.6–13.5 μM. Treatment with the tested compounds resulted in a cell cycle disturbance characterized by increases in the G1 and G2/M populations, while there was a decrease in the S phase. Additionally, 1–3 elicited increases in the hypodiploid (subG1) population. The compounds elicited concentration-dependent chromatin condensation and disruption of the membrane integrity, as revealed by Hoechst 33258–propidium staining. Treatment for 24 h resulted in significant increases in activity of caspases-3 and -9, indicating that the tested sesquiterpenes induced the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The proapoptotic properties of the sesquiterpene lactones were additionally demonstrated withannexin V staining. Compounds 1 and 2 increased the Bax/Bcl-2 expression and decreased the expressions of CDK1 and cyclin B2, as determined at the mRNA level by means of RT-PCR. These experimental results indicate that sesquiterpene lactones may be regarded as potential starting structures for the development of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Molnár
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Zsuzsanna Hajdú
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philipp Saiko
- Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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10
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Baji Á, Gyovai A, Wölfling J, Minorics R, Ocsovszki I, Zupkó I, Frank É. Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of steroid–quinoline hybrids and an evaluation of their antiproliferative activities on gynecological cancer cell lines. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03910c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroidal and nonsteroidal ring-fused quinolines were efficiently synthesized under microwave conditions and their antiproliferative activities were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Baji
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged H-6720
- Hungary
| | - András Gyovai
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy
- University of Szeged
- Szeged H-6720
- Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged H-6720
- Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy
- University of Szeged
- Szeged H-6720
- Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged H-6720
- Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy
- University of Szeged
- Szeged H-6720
- Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Szeged
- Szeged H-6720
- Hungary
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11
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Szabó N, Iványi Z, Szécsi M, Julesz J, Mernyák E, Huber J, Wölfling J, Minorics R, Zupkó I, Schneider G. Synthesis of methoxycarbonylpyrazolylandrostene derivatives, and their potential inhibitory effect on androgen biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Steroids 2015; 98:143-52. [PMID: 25804762 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Claisen condensations of 3β-acetoxypregn-5-en-20-one (1) and 3β-acetoxypregna-5,16-diene (7) with dimethyl oxalate are known to lead to 3β-hydroxy-21-methoxalylpregn-5-en-20-one (2) and 3β-hydroxy-21-methoxalylpregna-5,16-dien-20-one (8), respectively. The reactions of 2 with p-substituted phenylhydrazines afford pyrazol-5-yl derivatives (5) as main, and 3-yl regioisomers (4) as minor products. The corresponding reactions of 16-ene analogue 8 afford only pyrazol-5-yl regioisomer 9. Oppenauer oxidation of the pyrazolyl compounds yields the corresponding Δ(4)-3-ketosteroids. We investigated the antiandrogenic effects of new methoxycarbonylpyrazolyl compounds through determination of their in vitro inhibition of the activities of rat testicular C17,20-lyase, Δ(5)-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ(5)-3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17β-HSD3). A Δ(5)-3β-hydroxy compound in the D-ring-saturated androst-5-ene series bearing an unsubstituted phenyl group on the pyrazolyl heterocycle (5a) proved to be a potent inhibitor of Δ(5)-3β-HSD. The 4-methoxyphenyl derivative (5e) and the 3-oxo counterpart (6a) of 5a also displayed substantial inhibition. The other tested compounds exerted only weak inhibitory action against the enzymes investigated. The newly synthetized compounds were evaluated in vitro by means of MTT assays for antiproliferative activity against Hela (cervical carcinoma), A431 (skin epidermoid carcinoma) and MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cells. In all four groups (3β-hydroxy- and 3-ketosteroids with saturated or unsaturated ring D), the most potent analogs contain a 4-tolyl or 4-methoxyphenyl group. Compound 5d exhibited substantial antiproliferative action against the three cell lines investigated, whereas 9d inhibited the growth of Hela cells markedly. The most noteworthy inhibition was exerted by 6a against A431 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Szabó
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Iványi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Szécsi
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Julesz
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 8-10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Huber
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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12
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Lewis acid-induced intramolecular access to novel steroidal ring D-condensed arylpyrazolines exerting in vitro cell-growth-inhibitory effects. Mol Divers 2015; 19:511-27. [PMID: 25894363 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel androstenoarylpyrazolines were synthesized stereoselectively by the BF3-induced intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of alkenyl hydrazones obtained from a steroidal D-seco-aldehyde with differently substituted arylhydrazines. The reaction rates were observed to be affected significantly by the electronic character of the substituents on the aromatic moiety. The cyclizations are assumed to follow a stepwise rather than a pure concerted mechanism, to afford arylpyrazolidines as primary products. Spontaneous oxidation of the saturated N,N-heterocycles under the reaction conditions led to pyrazoline derivatives in good to excellent yields. In in vitro antiproliferative studies on a panel of breast cancer cells (MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-361), some of the 3-deacetylated cycloadducts exerted marked growth inhibitory activities, with IC(50) values in the range 3.56-9.32 μm, which are comparable to that for the reference agent cisplatin.
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13
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Molnár J, Frank É, Minorics R, Kádár Z, Ocsovszki I, Schönecker B, Wölfling J, Zupkó I. A click approach to novel D-ring-substituted 16α-triazolylestrone derivatives and characterization of their antiproliferative properties. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118104. [PMID: 25692552 PMCID: PMC4333823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthesis of novel, D-ring substituted estrone derivatives containing a 16α-triazolyl moiety is described. Two epimeric azido alcohols (16α-azido-17α-hydroxy and 16α-azido-17β-hydroxy) of estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-methyl ether were prepared, followed by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition with various terminal alkynes. The steroidal triazoles were obtained in high yields and their activities against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF7 and A431) were screened. The most effective analogs were submitted to additional experiments in order to characterize their antiproliferative properties. As evidenced by flow cytometry, the selected steroids induced a disturbance in the HeLa cell cycle in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner, through an increase of the hypodiploid population (subG1) and a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. A noncancerous human fibroblast cell line (MRC5) was used to determine the selectivities of these compounds. Fluorescent microscopy after Hoechst 33258 - propidium iodide (HOPI) double staining revealed nuclear condensation and disturbed cell membrane integrity. The enhanced activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 without activation of caspase-8 in the treated cells indicated the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The levels of cell cycle regulators (CDK1, cyclin B1/B2 and cdc25B) were decreased and the ratio Bax/Bcl-2 was increased 24 h after the treatment of HeLa cells (determined at an mRNA level by means of an RT-PCR technique). Under the same conditions, two agents elicited substantially increased degrees of phosphorylation of stathmin, as evidenced by Western blotting. The presented results demonstrate that these steroids can be regarded as appropriate structural scaffolds for the design and synthesis of further steroid analogs as innovative drug candidates with good efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Molnár
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zalán Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bruno Schönecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: (JW); (IZ)
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail: (JW); (IZ)
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14
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Park EJ, Lee SY, Lee GH, Kim DW, Kim Y, Cho MH, Kim JH. Sheet-type titania, but not P25, induced paraptosis accompanying apoptosis in murine alveolar macrophage cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:69-79. [PMID: 25111187 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified the toxic effects of sheet-type titania (TNS), which are being developed as a material for UV-blocking glass, comparing with P25, a benchmark control for titania, in MH-S cells, a mouse alveolar macrophage cell line. After 24 h exposure, the TNS-exposed cells formed large vacuoles while the P25-exposed ones did not. The decreased levels of cell viability were similar between the P25 and TNS groups, but ATP production was clearly lower in cells exposed to the TNS. P25 decreased the expression of calnexin protein, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane marker, and increased the number of cells generating ROS in a dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, TNS dilated the ER and mitochondria and increased the secretion of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not of ROS. Subsequently, we studied the molecular response following TNS-induced vacuolization. TNS started to form vacuoles in the cytosol since 20 min after exposure, and the expression of the mitochondria function-related genes were down-regulated the most in the cells exposed for 1 h. After 24 h exposure, the number of apoptotic cells and the relative levels of BAX to Bcl-2 increased. The expression of SOD1 protein, but not of SOD2, also dose-dependently increased with an increase in caspase-8 activity. Additionally, the MAPK pathway was significantly activated, even though the expression of p-EGFR did not change significantly. Furthermore, the number of apoptotic cells increased rapidly with time and with the inhibition of vacuole formation. Taken together, we suggest that P25 and TNS may target different organelles. In addition, TNS, but not P25, induced paraptosis accompanied by apoptosis in MH-S cells, and the formation of the cytoplasmic vacuoles allowed delay apoptosis following TNS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Shamsuzzaman, Mashrai A, Khanam H, Mabkhot YN, Frey W. 3β-Acetoxy-6-nitrocholest-5-ene: Crystal structure, thermal, optical and dielectrical behavior. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Anticancer and multidrug resistance-reversal effects of solanidine analogs synthetized from pregnadienolone acetate. Molecules 2014; 19:2061-76. [PMID: 24549231 PMCID: PMC6271930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of solanidine analogs with antiproliferative properties were recently synthetized from pregnadienolone acetate, which occurs in Nature. The aim of the present study was an in vitro characterization of their antiproliferative action and an investigation of their multidrug resistance-reversal activity on cancer cells. Six of the compounds elicited the accumulation of a hypodiploid population of HeLa cells, indicating their apoptosis-inducing character, and another one caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The most effective agents inhibited the activity of topoisomerase I, as evidenced by plasmid supercoil relaxation assays. One of the most potent analogs down-regulated the expression of cell-cycle related genes at the mRNA level, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, and induced growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45 alpha. Some of the investigated compounds inhibited the ABCB1 transporter and caused rhodamine-123 accumulation in murine lymphoma cells transfected by human MDR1 gene, expressing the efflux pump (L5178). One of the most active agents in this aspect potentiated the antiproliferative action of doxorubicin without substantial intrinsic cytostatic capacity. The current results indicate that the modified solanidine skeleton is a suitable substrate for the rational design and synthesis of further innovative drug candidates with anticancer activities.
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17
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Metabolic effects of mulberry leaves: exploring potential benefits in type 2 diabetes and hyperuricemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:948627. [PMID: 24381639 PMCID: PMC3870074 DOI: 10.1155/2013/948627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of Morus alba L. have a long history in Traditional Chinese Medicine and also became valued by the ethnopharmacology of many other cultures. The worldwide known antidiabetic use of the drug has been suggested to arise from a complex combination effect of various constituents. Moreover, the drug is also a potential antihyperuricemic agent. Considering that type 2 diabetes and hyperuricemia are vice-versa in each other's important risk factors, the use of mulberry originated phytotherapeutics might provide an excellent option for the prevention and/or treatment of both conditions. Here we report a series of relevant in vitro and in vivo studies on the bioactivity of an extract of mulberry leaves and its fractions obtained by a stepwise gradient on silica gel. In vivo antihyperglycemic and antihyperuricemic activity, plasma antioxidant status, as well as in vitro glucose consumption by adipocytes in the presence or absence of insulin, xanthine oxidase inhibition, free radical scavenging activity, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were tested. Known bioactive constituents of M. alba (chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, and loliolide) were identified and quantified from the HPLC-DAD fingerprint chromatograms. Iminosugar contents were investigated by MS/MS, 1-deoxynojirimycin was quantified, and amounts of 2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-1-deoxynojirimicin and fagomine were additionally estimated.
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18
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17(E)-Picolinylidene androstane derivatives as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth: Antiproliferative activity and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7257-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Gupta A, Kumar BS, Negi AS. Current status on development of steroids as anticancer agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:242-70. [PMID: 23727548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are important biodynamic agents. Their affinities for various nuclear receptors have been an interesting feature to utilize them for drug development particularly for receptor mediated diseases. Steroid biochemistry and its crucial role in human physiology, has attained importance among the researchers. Recent years have seen an extensive focus on modification of steroids. The rational modifications of perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene nucleus of steroids have yielded several important anticancer lead molecules. Exemestane, SR16157, fulvestrant and 2-methoxyestradiol are some of the successful leads emerged on steroidal pharmacophores. The present review is an update on some of the steroidal leads obtained during past 25 years. Various steroid based enzyme inhibitors, antiestrogens, cytotoxic conjugates and steroidal cytotoxic molecules of natural as well as synthetic origin have been highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
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20
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Frank E, Schneider G. Synthesis of sex hormone-derived modified steroids possessing antiproliferative activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:301-15. [PMID: 23499871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During recent years intensive research has been focused on the synthesis of structurally modified steroid hormones in order to obtain compounds with beneficial biological activity such as cell-growth inhibition. Experimental results have revealed that some steroidal derivatives possess direct cytostatic effect on cancer cells in a hormone receptor-independent manner. After a brief account on the most important biological function and characteristics of the naturally occurring sex hormones in physiological and pathological conditions, structural modifications of estrane and androstane scaffolds are discussed in detail. The review covers literature publications (from 2002 to 2012) relating to the synthesis and antiproliferative activity of semisynthetic sex hormone-derived molecules containing simple or heterocyclic substituents. The compounds reviewed are divided into three main categories according to their sterane framework and the nature of substitution. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Berényi Á, Minorics R, Iványi Z, Ocsovszki I, Ducza E, Thole H, Messinger J, Wölfling J, Mótyán G, Mernyák E, Frank É, Schneider G, Zupkó I. Synthesis and investigation of the anticancer effects of estrone-16-oxime ethers in vitro. Steroids 2013; 78:69-78. [PMID: 23127813 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An expanding body of evidence indicates the possible role of estrane derivatives as useful anticancer agents. The aim of this study was to describe the cytotoxic effects of 63 newly synthetized estrone-16-oxime ethers on human cancer cell lines (cervix carcinoma HeLa, breast carcinoma MCF7 and skin epidermoid carcinoma A431), studied by means of the MTT assay. Four of the most promising compounds were selected for participation in additional experiments in order to characterize the mechanism of action, including cell cycle analysis, morphological study and the 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay. The cancer selectivity was tested on a noncancerous fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Since apoptosis and cell cycle disturbance were observed, caspase-3 activities were further assayed for the two most effective agents. These estrone-16-oxime analogs activated caspase-3 and changed the mRNA level expression of endogenous factors regulating the G1-S phase transition (retinoblastoma protein, CDK4 and p16). The repression of retinoblastoma protein was reinforced at a protein level too. These experimental data lead to the conclusion that estrone-16-oxime ethers may be regarded as potential starting structures for the design of novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Berényi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Minorics R, Bózsity N, Wölfling J, Mernyák E, Schneider G, Márki A, Falkay G, Ocsovszki I, Zupkó I. Antiproliferative effect of normal and 13-epi-D-homoestrone and their 3-methyl ethers on human reproductive cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 132:168-75. [PMID: 22609630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of the therapeutic use of estrogens emerged following the recognition that certain estradiol analogs, and particularly metabolites (e.g. the A-ring metabolite 2-hydroxyestrone, etc.) inhibit the differentiation of diverse tumor cell lines. Until recently, despite the investigation of numerous synthetic d-ring-substituted estrone derivatives, no analysis had been published on the effects of D-ring expansion of estrone on its tumor-suppressing activity. The aim of the present study was to characterize the antiproliferative effects of normal and 13-epi-D-homoestrone and their 3-methyl ethers (1-4) on human reproductive cancer cell lines. The antitumor activities of the two epimer pairs on HeLa, MCF-7 and Ishikawa cells were determined. Normal D-homoestrone exerted the greatest cytostatic effect on HeLa cells (IC(50)=5.5 μM) and was subjected to further investigations to elucidate its mechanism of action on apoptosis induction. Morphological changes detected by Hoechst 33258-propidium iodide double staining, the cell cycle arrest at phase G2/M and the subsequent increase in the proportion of the subG1 fraction determined by flow cytometric analysis and the significant increase in the activity of caspase-3 confirmed the induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with D-homoestrone. D-Homoestrone was also tested on a non-cancerous human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) to determine its selective toxicity. The concentration in which it inhibited cell proliferation by 50% was at least six times higher for the fibroblast cells than for cervical cancer cells. No significant in vivo estrogenic activity was observed as concerns the uterus weight of gonadectomized rats after a 7-day treatment with normal D-homoestrone. These results led to the conclusion that normal D-homoestrone is a novel antitumor compound with a similar activity on HeLa cells as that of the reference agent cisplatin, but its selectivity toward non-cancerous cells is significantly higher than that of cisplatin. It may be considered to be a basic lead molecule for the preclinical development of potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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23
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Kovács D, Kádár Z, Mótyán G, Schneider G, Wölfling J, Zupkó I, Frank E. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some novel 17-isoxazoles in the estrone series. Steroids 2012; 77:1075-85. [PMID: 22613036 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of different aryl nitrile oxides to mestranol were carried out to furnish novel steroidal 17α-isoxazoles in good to excellent yields. Copper(I) was found to be an efficient catalyst, accelerating the intermolecular ring-closures and leading exclusively to 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles. The yields of the cycloadducts, however, were influenced by the substituents on the aromatic moiety of the 1,3-dipoles. Moreover, dehydration of the primary products resulted in the corresponding Δ(16,17)exo-heterocyclic derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro pharmacological studies of their antiproliferative effects relative to three human malignant cell lines (HeLa, MCF7 and A2780).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Kovács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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24
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Berényi Á, Frotscher M, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW, Minorics R, Ocsovszki I, Falkay G, Zupkó I. Direct antiproliferative effect of nonsteroidal 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors in vitro. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:695-703. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.672414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Berényi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged,
Szeged, Hungary
| | - Martin Frotscher
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University,
Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University,
Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS),
Campus C2. 3, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged,
Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged,
Szeged, Hungary
| | - George Falkay
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged,
Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged,
Szeged, Hungary
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25
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Iványi Z, Szabó N, Huber J, Wölfling J, Zupkó I, Szécsi M, Wittmann T, Schneider G. Synthesis of D-ring-substituted (5'R)- and (5'S)-17β-pyrazolinylandrostene epimers and comparison of their potential anticancer activities. Steroids 2012; 77:566-74. [PMID: 22342542 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Various steroidal benzylidenes were synthetized from pregnenolone with benzaldehyde and p-substituted benzaldehydes. The resulting 17β-chalconyl derivatives of pregnenolone were reacted with hydrazine hydrate in acetic acid solution. Regardless of the starting material, the ring-closure reaction afforded (in contrast with the literature data) a mixture of two steroidal pyrazoline epimers. The epimers were critical isomer pairs, which could be separated only in their acetylated form; their structures were investigated by NMR techniques. The in vitro inhibition of rat testicular C(17,20)-lyase activity and the antiproliferative effects on four human cancer cell lines were measured, and the results obtained from the two epimer series were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Iványi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Kádár Z, Molnár J, Schneider G, Zupkó I, Frank É. A facile 'click' approach to novel 15β-triazolyl-5α-androstane derivatives, and an evaluation of their antiproliferative activities in vitro. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1396-402. [PMID: 22277592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions of 15β-azido-17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3β-yl acetate with different terminal alkynes under optimized reaction conditions were carried out to furnish 15β-triazolyl derivatives in good yields. Subsequent oxidation of the 'click' products with the Jones reagent afforded the corresponding 17-ketones. All the synthetized compounds were tested on three malignant human cell lines (HeLa, MCF7 and A431) in order to investigate their antiproliferative activities in vitro. Evidence of cell cycle blockade and apoptosis induction was obtained for the most effective five selected compounds by means of flow cytometry and microscopic techniques. The 15β-triazolyl-5α-androstane framework may be considered an appropriate base for the design of steroidal antiproliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalán Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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Frank É, Molnár J, Zupkó I, Kádár Z, Wölfling J. Synthesis of novel steroidal 17α-triazolyl derivatives via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, and an evaluation of their cytotoxic activity in vitro. Steroids 2011; 76:1141-8. [PMID: 21600229 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of steroidal 17α-azides with different terminal alkynes afforded novel 1,4-disubstituted triazolyl derivatives in good yields in both the estrone and the androstane series. The antiproliferative activities of the structurally related triazoles were determined in vitro on three malignant human cell lines (HeLa, MCF7 and A431), with the microculture tetrazolium assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Guo H, Zhang G, Zhang T, He X, Wu Z, Xiao Y, Pan Y, Qiu G, Liu P, Hu X. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some 16β-azolyl-3β-amino-5α-androstane derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3662-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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