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Khalid S, Chaudhary K, Aziz H, Amin S, Sipra HM, Ansar S, Rasheed H, Naeem M, Onyeaka H. Trends in extracting protein from microalgae Spirulina platensis, using innovative extraction techniques: mechanisms, potentials, and limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39096052 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2386448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Microalgal, species are recognized for their high protein content, positioning them as a promising source of this macronutrient. Spirulina platensis, in particular, is noteworthy for its rich protein levels (70 g/100 g dw), which are higher than those of meat and legumes. Incorporating this microalgae into food can provide various benefits to human health due to its diverse chemical composition, encompassing high amount of protein and elevated levels of minerals, phenolics, essential fatty acids, and pigments. Conventional techniques employed for protein extraction from S. platensis have several drawbacks, prompting the exploration of innovative extraction techniques (IETs) to overcome these limitations. Recent advancements in extraction methods include ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, high-pressure-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pulse-electric field assisted extraction, ionic liquids assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction. These IETs have demonstrated efficiency in enhancing protein yield of high quality while maximizing biomass utilization. This comprehensive review delves into the mechanisms, applications, and drawbacks associated with implementing IETs in protein extraction from S. platensis. Notably, these innovative methods offer advantages such as increased extractability, minimized protein denaturation, reduced solvent consumption, and lower energy consumption. However, safety considerations and the synergistic effects of combined extraction methods warrant further exploration and investigation of their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samran Khalid
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kashmala Chaudhary
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Humera Aziz
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Amin
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mehmood Sipra
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Ansar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Husnain Rasheed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Chini Zittelli G, Lauceri R, Faraloni C, Silva Benavides AM, Torzillo G. Valuable pigments from microalgae: phycobiliproteins, primary carotenoids, and fucoxanthin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:1733-1789. [PMID: 37036620 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins, carotenoids and fucoxanthin are photosynthetic pigments extracted from microalgae and cyanobacteria with great potential biotechnological applications, as healthy food colorants and cosmetics. Phycocyanin possesses a brilliant blue color, with fluorescent properties making it useful as a reagent for immunological essays. The most important source of phycocyanin is the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, however, recently, the Rhodophyta Galdieria sulphuraria has also been identified as such. The main obstacle to the commercialization of phycocyanin is represented by its chemical instability, strongly reducing its shelf-life. Moreover, the high level of purity needed for pharmaceutical applications requires several steps which increase both the production time and cost. Microalgae (Chlorella, Dunaliella, Nannochloropsis, Scenedesmus) produce several light harvesting carotenoids, and are able to manage with oxidative stress, due to their free radical scavenging properties, which makes them suitable for use as source of natural antioxidants. Many studies focused on the selection of the most promising strains producing valuable carotenoids and on their extraction and purification. Among carotenoids produced by marine microalgae, fucoxanthin is the most abundant, representing more than 10% of total carotenoids. Despite the abundance and diversity of fucoxanthin producing microalgae only a few species have been studied for commercial production, the most relevant being Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Due to its antioxidant activity, fucoxanthin can bring various potential benefits to the prevention and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases. In this review, we update the main results achieved in the production, extraction, purification, and commercialization of these important pigments, motivating the cultivation of microalgae as a source of natural pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Chini Zittelli
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Lauceri
- Istituto di Ricerca sulle Acque, CNR, Sede Di Verbania, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Italy
| | - Cecilia Faraloni
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar Y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biologia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Giuseppe Torzillo
- Istituto per la Bioeconomia, CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar Y Limnologίa, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, San José, 2060, Costa Rica.
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Martí-Quijal FJ, Pallarés N, Dawidowicz K, Ruiz MJ, Barba FJ. Enhancing Nutrient Recovery and Bioactive Compound Extraction from Spirulina through Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Implications for SH-SY5Y Cell Viability. Foods 2023; 12:2509. [PMID: 37444247 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work explores the efficiency of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) to recover minerals, pigments, and antioxidant compounds from the spirulina microalgae. Moreover, the fatty acids and phenolic profiles of the extracts obtained were also investigated, and the effect of the extracts on SH-SY5Y cell viability was tested. The extraction of phycocyanin was improved by SFE compared to conventional extraction, from 2.838 ± 0.081 mg/g dry matter (DM) (control) to 6.438 ± 0.411 mg/g DM (SFE). SFE treatment also improved chlorophyll a and carotenoid recoveries increasing from 5.612 ± 0.547 to 8.645 ± 0.857 mg/g DM and from 0.447 ± 0.096 to 0.651 ± 0.120 mg/g DM, respectively. Regarding minerals, the SFE improved Mg recovery with 77% more than the control extraction. Moreover, palmitoleic, stearic, γ-linolenic, eicosadienoic and eicosatrienoic acids recovery was improved by SFE. Phenolic profiles were identified via triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS. Considering heavy metals, a higher rate of Pb extraction was observed for the SFE extract, while no significant differences were observed for Hg between both extractions. Finally, SFE extract improved cell viability compared to the control extract. Thus, SFE constitutes an interesting tool to sustainably extract high-added-value compounds; however, potential contaminants such as Pb need to be controlled in the resulting extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Martí-Quijal
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Noelia Pallarés
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Dawidowicz
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - María-José Ruiz
- Research Group in Alternative Methods for Determining Toxics Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Li X, Hou W, Lei J, Chen H, Wang Q. The Unique Light-Harvesting System of the Algal Phycobilisome: Structure, Assembly Components, and Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119733. [PMID: 37298688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The phycobilisome (PBS) is the major light-harvesting apparatus in cyanobacteria and red algae. It is a large multi-subunit protein complex of several megadaltons that is found on the stromal side of thylakoid membranes in orderly arrays. Chromophore lyases catalyse the thioether bond between apoproteins and phycobilins of PBSs. Depending on the species, composition, spatial assembly, and, especially, the functional tuning of different phycobiliproteins mediated by linker proteins, PBSs can absorb light between 450 and 650 nm, making them efficient and versatile light-harvesting systems. However, basic research and technological innovations are needed, not only to understand their role in photosynthesis but also to realise the potential applications of PBSs. Crucial components including phycobiliproteins, phycobilins, and lyases together make the PBS an efficient light-harvesting system, and these provide a scheme to explore the heterologous synthesis of PBS. Focusing on these topics, this review describes the essential components needed for PBS assembly, the functional basis of PBS photosynthesis, and the applications of phycobiliproteins. Moreover, key technical challenges for heterologous biosynthesis of phycobiliproteins in chassis cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wenwen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiaxi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
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5
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Improvement in the Sequential Extraction of Phycobiliproteins from Arthrospira platensis Using Green Technologies. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111896. [PMID: 36431030 PMCID: PMC9692409 DOI: 10.3390/life12111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis (commercially known as Spirulina) is an excellent source of phycobiliproteins, especially C-phycocyanin. Phycobiliproteins are significant bioactive compounds with useful biological applications. The extraction process plays a significant role in downstream microalga production and utilisation. The important pigments found in A. platensis include chlorophyll and carotenoids as nonpolar pigments and phycobiliproteins as polar pigments. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as a green extraction technology for the high-value metabolites of microalgae has potential for trends in food and human health. The nonpolar bioactive compounds, chlorophyll and carotenoids of A. platensis, were primarily separated using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) solvent-free fluid extraction pressure; the temperature and ethanol as cosolvent conditions were compared. The residue from the A. platensis cells was subjected to phycobiliprotein extraction. The phosphate and water extraction of A. platensis SFE residue were compared to evaluate phycobiliprotein extraction. The SFE results exhibited higher pressure (350 bar) and temperature extraction (50 °C) with ethanol-free extraction and increased nonpolar pigment. Phycobiliprotein yield was obtained from A. platensis SFE residue by ethanol-free buffer extraction as a suitable process with antioxidant properties. The C-phycocyanin was isolated and enhanced to 0.7 purity as food grade. This developed method can be used as a guideline and applied as a sustainable process for important pigment extraction from Arthrospira microalgae.
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Monaselidze J, Gelagutashvili E, Gogebashvili M, Gorgoshidze M, Gongadze A, Bagdavadze N, Kiziria E. Survival and growth of Spirulina platensis cells and thermodynamic stability of their main proteins after recultivation following irradiation with Cs137 γ doses of 0 to 400 kGy. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Aslanbay Guler B, Saglam-Metiner P, Deniz I, Demirel Z, Yesil-Celiktas O, Imamoglu E. Aligned with sustainable development goals: microwave extraction of astaxanthin from wet algae and selective cytotoxic effect of the extract on lung cancer cells. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:565-571. [PMID: 36047960 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is one of the most attractive carotenoid in the cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and aquaculture industries due to its strong bioactive properties. Among the various sources, several algae species are considered as rich sources of astaxanthin. Downstream processing of algae involves the majority of the total processing costs. Thus, elimination of high energy involved steps is imperative to achieve cost-effective scale in industry. This study aimed to determine operation conditions for astaxanthin extraction from wet Haematococcus pluvialis using microwave-assisted extraction. The isolated astaxanthin extract was evaluated for cytotoxicity on human lung cancer cells. The microwave-assisted extraction process at 75 °C under the power of 700 Watt for 7 min gave the highest astaxanthin yield (12.24 ± 0.54 mg astaxanthin/g wet cell weight). Based on MTT cell viability and Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining assays on A549 lung cancer cells, astaxanthin inhibited cell growth in dose- and time-dependent manners, where IC50 value was determined as 111.8 ± 14.8 µg/mL and apoptotic bodies were observed along with positive control group at 72 hr. These results showed that the treatment with astaxanthin extracted from wet H. pluvialis by microwave-assisted extraction exhibited anti-cancer activity on lung cancer cells indicating a newly potential to be utilized in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Aslanbay Guler
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Saglam-Metiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irem Deniz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Demirel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Imamoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Sarkarat R, Mohamadnia S, Tavakoli O. Recent advances in non-conventional techniques for extraction of phycobiliproteins and carotenoids from microalgae. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Zhu S, Xu J, Adhikari B, Lv W, Chen H. Nostoc sphaeroides Cyanobacteria: a review of its nutritional characteristics and processing technologies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8975-8991. [PMID: 35416723 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2063251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nostoc sphaeroides is an edible Cyanobacterium which has high nutritional value and is widely used in dietary supplements and therapeutic products. N. sphaeroides contains protein, fatty acid, minerals and vitamins. Its polysaccharides, phycobilin, phycobiliproteins and some lipids are highly bioactive. Thus, N. sphaeroides possesses anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and cholesterol reducing functions. This paper reviews and evaluates the literature on nutritionally and functionally important compounds of N. sphaeroides. It also reviews and evaluates the processing of technologies used to process N. sphaeroides from fresh harvest to dry particulates including pretreatment, sterilization and drying, including their impact on sensorial and nutritional values. This review shows that a suitable combination of ultrasound, radio frequency and pulse spouted microwave with traditional sterilization and drying technologies greatly improves the sensorial and nutritive quality of processed N. sphaeroides and improves their shelf life; however, further research is needed to evaluate these hybrid technologies. Once suitably processed, N. sphaeroides can be used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical drugs as an ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jicheng Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiqiao Lv
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Wang M, Zhou J, Tavares J, Pinto CA, Saraiva JA, Prieto MA, Cao H, Xiao J, Simal-Gandara J, Barba FJ. Applications of algae to obtain healthier meat products: A critical review on nutrients, acceptability and quality. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8357-8374. [PMID: 35357258 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2054939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Meat constitutes one the main protein sources worldwide. However, ethical and health concerns have limited its consumption over the last years. To overcome this negative impact, new ingredients from natural sources are being applied to meat products to obtain healthier proteinaceous meat products. Algae is a good source of unsaturated fatty acids, proteins, essential amino acids, and vitamins, which can nutritionally enrich several foods. On this basis, algae have been applied to meat products as a functional ingredient to obtain healthier meat-based products. This paper mainly reviews the bioactive compounds in algae and their application in meat products. The bioactive ingredients present in algae can give meat products functional properties such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, antigenotoxic, resulting in healthier foods. At the same time, algae addition to foods can also contribute to delay microbial spoilage extending shelf-life. Additionally, other algae-based applications such as for packaging materials for meat products are being explored. However, consumers' acceptance for new products (particularly in Western countries), namely those containing algae, not only depends on their knowledge, but also on their eating habits. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the nutritional properties of algae-containing meat products to overcome the gap between new meat products and traditional products, so that healthier algae-containing meat can occupy a significant place in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jéssica Tavares
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge A Saraiva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
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High-pressure fluid technologies: Recent approaches to the production of natural pigments for food and pharmaceutical applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Ashaolu TJ, Samborska K, Lee CC, Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Tarhan Ö, Taze B, Jafari SM. Phycocyanin, a super functional ingredient from algae; properties, purification characterization, and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2320-2331. [PMID: 34793814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phycocyanins (PCYs) are a group of luxuriant bioactive compounds found in blue-green algae with an estimated global market of about US$250 million within this decade. The multifarious markets of PCYs noted by form (e.g. powder or aqueous forms), by grade (e.g. analytical, cosmetic, or food grades), and by application (such as biomedical, diagnostics, beverages, foods, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals), show that the importance of PCYs cannot be undermined. In this comprehensive study, an overview on PCY, its structure, and health-promoting features are diligently discussed. Methods of purification including chromatography, ammonium sulfate precipitation and membrane filtration, as well as characterization and measurement of PCYs are described. PCYs could have many applications in food colorants, fluorescent markers, nanotechnology, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. It is concluded that PCYs offer significant potentials, although more investigations regarding its purity and safety are encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Katarzyna Samborska
- Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences WULS-SGGW, Poland
| | - Chi Ching Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Tomas
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özgür Tarhan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak Üniversitesi, 1 Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Uşak, Turkey
| | - Bengi Taze
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Uşak Üniversitesi, 1 Eylül Kampüsü, 64200 Uşak, Turkey
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
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Scorza LC, Simon U, Wear M, Zouliatis A, Dimartino S, McCormick AJ. Evaluation of novel 3D-printed monolithic adsorbers against conventional chromatography columns for the purification of c-phycocyanin from Spirulina. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Khandual S, Sanchez EOL, Andrews HE, de la Rosa JDP. Phycocyanin content and nutritional profile of Arthrospira platensis from Mexico: efficient extraction process and stability evaluation of phycocyanin. BMC Chem 2021; 15:24. [PMID: 33820553 PMCID: PMC8022431 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-021-00746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin is a blue natural food colorant with multiple health benefits. Here we propose an efficient phycocyanin extraction method from Arthrospira platensis from Mexico. Three extraction methods were applied to optimize the extraction process, using water and buffer as solvents, with three pH values at two agitation times. The highest phycocyanin, 54.65 mg/g, was extracted from dry biomass with water as a solvent using an ultrasonication bar. The optimum condition of extraction was determined to be 1:50 biomass/solvent ratio for dry biomass, with the freeze/thaw method for 20 min repeated twice, and then agitated at 120 rpm for 24 h. The phycocyanin content was 48.88 mg/g biomass, with a purity of 0.47. For scalable phycocyanin productivity, the sonication method is recommended as there is no statistical difference. The phycocyanin stability was best at - 20 °C storage temperature at pH 7 for 35 days. Partial purification with ammonium sulfate was found to be suitable as a fractional precipitation method, first at 0-20% and then 20-65%, to get purity nearly 1. Total protein was found to be 55.52%, and total amino acids after phycocyanin extraction was 33%. The maximum phycocyanin yield using water as a solvent was the most interesting result regardless of the method used for extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Khandual
- Centro de Investigación Y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de La Normal, C.P. 4227, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Edgar Omar Lopez Sanchez
- Centro de Investigación Y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de La Normal, C.P. 4227, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hugo Espinosa Andrews
- Centro de Investigación Y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de La Normal, C.P. 4227, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jose Daniel Padilla de la Rosa
- Centro de Investigación Y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco. Av. Normalistas 800 Colinas de La Normal, C.P. 4227, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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15
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Isolation of Industrial Important Bioactive Compounds from Microalgae. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040943. [PMID: 33579001 PMCID: PMC7916812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are known as a rich source of bioactive compounds which exhibit different biological activities. Increased demand for sustainable biomass for production of important bioactive components with various potential especially therapeutic applications has resulted in noticeable interest in algae. Utilisation of microalgae in multiple scopes has been growing in various industries ranging from harnessing renewable energy to exploitation of high-value products. The focuses of this review are on production and the use of value-added components obtained from microalgae with current and potential application in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, energy and agri-food industries, as well as for bioremediation. Moreover, this work discusses the advantage, potential new beneficial strains, applications, limitations, research gaps and future prospect of microalgae in industry.
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16
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Fratelli C, Burck M, Amarante MCA, Braga ARC. Antioxidant potential of nature's “something blue”: Something new in the marriage of biological activity and extraction methods applied to C-phycocyanin. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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El-Mohsnawy E, Abu-Khudir R. A highly purified C-phycocyanin from thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus and its cytotoxic activity assessment using an in vitro cell-based approach. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1812287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eithar El-Mohsnawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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18
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Prado JM, Veggi PC, Náthia-Neves G, Meireles MAA. Extraction Methods for Obtaining Natural Blue Colorants. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666181115125740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Blue is a color not often present in food. Even so, it is especially attractive
to children. Today, most blue coloring agents used by the food industry are synthetic. With increasing
health issues concern by the scientific community and the general population, there is a trend to look
for natural alternatives to most synthetic products. There only exist few natural blue colorants, which
are presented in a literature survey, along with the methods currently used for their recovery from
natural sources. The best extraction methods and process parameters for the extraction of blue anthocyanins,
iridoids and phycocyanin are discussed.
Methods:
A literature survey was conducted to detect the main sources of blue colorants found in nature.
The focus was on the extraction methods used to recover such molecules, with the objective of
finding efficient and environmentally safe techniques for application at industrial level, and, thus, allowing
the production of natural blue colorants at scale high enough for food industry consumption.
Results:
The main natural blue colorants found in literature are anthocyanins, phycocyanin, and genipin.
While anthocyanins can be recovered from a variety of plants, the source of phycocyanin are
algae, and genipin can be obtained specifically from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Genipa americana
L. Several extraction techniques have been applied to recover blue colorants from such sources,
from classical methods using organic solvents, to more sophisticated technologies as ultrasoundassisted
extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, high-pressure extraction,
and enzyme-assisted extraction.
Conclusion:
There is great potential for anthocyanins, phycocyanin and genipin use as natural food
additives with health benefits, besides imparting color. However, the technologies for the colorants
recovery and application are not mature enough. Therefore, this area is still developing, and it is necessary
to evaluate the economic feasibility of the proposed extraction processes, along with the safety
and acceptance of colored food using these additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana M. Prado
- Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C. Veggi
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), School of Chemical Engineering, 210 Sao Nicolau Street, 09913-030, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Náthia-Neves
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (College of Food Engineering)/ UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80; 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M. Angela A. Meireles
- LASEFI/DEA/FEA (College of Food Engineering)/ UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80; 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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19
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Chen G, Ding X, Zhou W. Study on ultrasonic treatment for degradation of Microcystins (MCs). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 63:104900. [PMID: 31945576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, The ecological environment of rivers and lakes have been seriously polluted, and the eutrophication of water bodies has become increasingly prominent, which not only seriously affects the living environment of surrounding residents, but also poses a major threat to the ecological security of water environment. The growth of algae is characterized by short cycle, rapid reproduction and great harmfulness. Conventional algal removal technology is expensive, easy to produce secondary pollution, and difficult to effectively inhibit algae outbreaks, therefore, a new environmental protection technology, ultrasonic algae removal technology, has been put forward. Under the background of ecological environment pollution, in this paper, the effect of ultrasonic technology on degradation of Microcystins (MCs) under different conditions and is investigated. Results show that Microcystins removal rate reaches 81% when Microcystin solution with a concentration of 12.43 mu/L is treated by ultrasound (1200 W) for 5 min; the removal rate of Microcystin reaches 99% after 15 min of ultrasound treatment (1200 W), and almost all of them are removed; no matter wastewater containing Microcystis is treated by ultrasound alone or ultrasound-coagulation method, the levels of Microcystins in the water do not increase. The results also prove that ultrasound can directly destroy the wall and kill algae, inhibit the growth activity of un-killed algae and degrade Microcystins. In addition, the technical principle and application prospect of ultrasonic algae removal instrument in ecological environment are introduced. The paper provided certain direction and theoretical support for the subsequent improvement of ultrasonic algae removal technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Big Data Integration for Ecology and Environment, Rongzhi College of Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 401320, PR China
| | - Xinmin Ding
- The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- The Second Clinical College of GuangZhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 55 Neihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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20
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Algae-Derived Bioactive Compounds with Anti-Lung Cancer Potential. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040197. [PMID: 32276401 PMCID: PMC7230368 DOI: 10.3390/md18040197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Natural molecules with anti-lung cancer potential are of a great interest and considered as very promising alternative to substitute or enhance the efficiency of the conventional drugs. Recently, algae as source of high value-added compounds are considered as very promising source of these bioactive molecules. These are secondary metabolites that consist mainly of derivatives of peptides, carbohydrates, and lipids with various structures. Accordingly, various mechanisms by which different algae molecules demonstrate attenuation of tumor angiogenesis were stated and discussed. The mode of action of the algae bioactives is closely related to their nature and chemical structure. Furthermore, this literature review considers the synergistic effect between microalgae bioactives and conventional drugs and discuss the economic feasibility of producing microalgae bioactives at large scale to conclude with some future perspectives related to algae-based drug discovery.
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21
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Aslanbay Guler B, Deniz I, Demirel Z, Yesil-Celiktas O, Imamoglu E. A novel subcritical fucoxanthin extraction with a biorefinery approach. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Cao Z, Liu C, Chen D, Liu J. Preparation of an Au-TiO 2 photocatalyst and its performance in removing phycocyanin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:572-581. [PMID: 31539964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel TiO2 photocatalyst (Au-TiO2 composite film) with enhanced photocatalytic activity has been synthesized, characterized and its performance in the removal of phycocyanin (PC) was investigated. The results show that the Au-TiO2 composite film has a lower electron-hole recombination rate, wider optical response range and high electron transfer rate. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared Au-TiO2 composite photocatalyst was observed to be enhanced with the removal efficiency of PC and dissolved organic nitrogen found to be 96.7% and 59%, respectively using the UV/Au-TiO2 process. In addition, the combination of photocatalytic pretreatment and coagulation can achieve an enhanced removal efficiency. The Au-TiO2 photocatalyst was found to decrease the dichloroacetonitrile formation potential (105.9 to 79.3 μg/L), however, it exacerbated the production of trichloromethane and dichloroacetamide beyond their initial levels (116.7 to 224.9 μg/L and 2.27 to 2.31 μg/L, respectively). The divergent trends of these disinfection by-products are due to the fundamental differences in the precursor material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Danwen Chen
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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23
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Development of a novel method for the purification of C-phycocyanin pigment from a local cyanobacterial strain Limnothrix sp. NS01 and evaluation of its anticancer properties. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9474. [PMID: 31263160 PMCID: PMC6603007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
C-phycocyanin (C-PC) pigment, as a natural blue dye, has particular applications in various fields. It is a water-soluble protein which has anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we introduce an efficient procedure for the purification of C-PC pigment, followed by conducting a comprehensive investigation of its cytotoxic effects on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and the underlying mechanisms. A novel four-step purification procedure including the adsorption of impurities with chitosan, activated charcoal, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and ion exchange chromatography was employed, achieving a high purity form of C-PC with purity index (PI) of 5.26. SDS-PAGE analysis showed the purified C-PC with two discrete bands, subunit α (17 kD) and β (20 kD), as confirmed its identity by Native-PAGE. A highly purified C-PC was employed to evaluate its anticancer activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of action. The inhibitory effects of highly purified C-PC on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) have detected by MTT assay. The IC50 values for 24, 48, and 72 hours of exposure to C-PC were determined to be 5.92, 5.66, and 4.52 μg/μl, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of cells treated with C-PC, by Annexin V/PI double staining, demonstrated to induce MCF-7 cells apoptosis. Also, the results obtained from propidium iodide (PI) staining showed that MCF-7 cells treated with 5.92 μg/μl C-PC for 24 h would arrest at the G2 phase and 5.66 and 4.52 μg/μl C-PC for 48 and 72 h could induce cell cycle arrest at both G2 and S phases. The oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction were evaluated to determine the possible pathways involved in C-PC-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Our findings clearly indicated that the treatment of MCF-7 cells with C-PC (IC50 for 24 h) increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consequently, an increase in the lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and a reduction in the ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized form (GSSG), occurred over time. The reduced expression levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl2 and Stat3, plus cell cycle regulator protein, Cyclin D1, using Real-Time PCR confirm that the C-PC-induced death of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells occurred through the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Collectively, the analyses presented here suggest that C-PC has the potential so that to develop it as a chemotherapeutic anticancer drug.
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24
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Hao S, Li S, Wang J, Zhao L, Yan Y, Wu T, Zhang J, Wang C. C-Phycocyanin Suppresses the In Vitro Proliferation and Migration of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells through Reduction of RIPK1/NF-κB Activity. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E362. [PMID: 31216707 PMCID: PMC6627888 DOI: 10.3390/md17060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin, derived from Spirulina platensis, is a type of natural antineoplastic marine protein. It is known that phycocyanin exerts anticancer effects on non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but its underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. Herein, the antitumor function and regulatory mechanism of phycocyanin were investigated in three NSCLC cell lines for the first time: H358, H1650, and LTEP-a2. Cell phenotype experiments suggested that phycocyanin could suppress the survival rate, proliferation, colony formation, and migration abilities, as well as induce apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Subsequently, transcriptome analysis revealed that receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) was significantly down-regulated by phycocyanin in the LTEP-a2 cell, which was further validated by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis in two other cell lines. Interestingly, similar to phycocyanin-treated assays, siRNA knockdown of RIPK1 expression also resulted in growth and migration inhibition of NSCLC cells. Moreover, the activity of NF-κB signaling was also suppressed after silencing RIPK1 expression, indicating that phycocyanin exerted anti-proliferative and anti-migratory function through down-regulating RIPK1/NF-κB activity in NSCLC cells. This study proposes a mechanism of action for phycocyanin involving both NSCLC apoptosis and down regulation of NSCLC genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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25
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Hao S, Li S, Wang J, Yan Y, Ai X, Zhang J, Ren Y, Wu T, Liu L, Wang C. Phycocyanin Exerts Anti-Proliferative Effects through Down-Regulating TIRAP/NF-κB Activity in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:E588. [PMID: 31207932 PMCID: PMC6627414 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin is a type of marine functional food additive, exerting a health care efficacy with no side effects. It has been shown that phycocyanin possesses anticancer function in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but the underlying regulatory mechanism still remains unclear. Further investigation on the antineoplastic mechanism of phycocyanin would provide useful information on NSCLC treatment. In this study, we explored the in vitro function and mechanism of phycocyanin in three typical NSCLC cell lines, H1975, H1650, and LTEP-a2, for the first time. Phenotypic experiments showed that phycocyanin significantly induced the apoptosis as well as suppressed the growth of NSCLC cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) was significantly down-regulated by phycocyanin. Strikingly, similar to phycocyanin-treated assays, siRNA knockdown of TIRAP expression also resulted in the anti-proliferative phenomenon in NSCLC cells. In addition, the activity of NF-κB signaling was also suppressed after silencing TIRAP expression, revealing that phycocyanin exerted anti-proliferative function through down-regulating TIRAP/NF-κB activity in NSCLC cells. Collectively, this study has laid a theoretical basis on the treatment of NSCLC and the potential utilization of marine functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Xin Ai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infection Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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26
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Phycobiliproteins: Molecular structure, production, applications, and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:340-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Sala L, Moraes CC, Kalil SJ. Cell pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for selective extraction of C‐phycocyanin with food grade purity. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1261-1268. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sala
- Chemistry and Food SchoolFederal University of Rio Grande Rio Grande RS Brazil
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28
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Santos KS, Barbosa AM, Freitas V, Muniz AVCS, Mendonça MC, Calhelha RC, Ferreira ICFR, Franceschi E, Padilha FF, Oliveira MBPP, Dariva C. Antiproliferative Activity of Neem Leaf Extracts Obtained by a Sequential Pressurized Liquid Extraction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030076. [PMID: 30061479 PMCID: PMC6160913 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) extracts have been used in pharmaceutical applications as antitumor agents, due to their terpenes and phenolic compounds. To obtain extracts from neem leaves with potential antiproliferative effect, a sequential process of pressurized liquid extraction was carried out in a fixed bed extractor at 25 °C and 100 bar, using hexane (SH), ethyl acetate (SEA), and ethanol (SE) as solvents. Extractions using only ethanol (EE) was also conducted to compare the characteristics of the fractionated extracts. The results obtained by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry suggested a higher concentration of terpenes in the SEA extract in comparison to SH, SE, and EE extracts. Therefore, antiproliferative activity showed that SEA extracts were the most efficient inhibitor to human tumor cells MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa, and HepG2. Hepatocellular cells were more resistant to SH, SEA, SE, and EE compared to breast, lung, hepatocellular, and cervical malignant cells. Neem fractioned extracts obtained in the present study seem to be more selective for malignant cells compared to the non-tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klebson S Santos
- NUESC/ITP, Program in Industrial Biotechnology-Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andriele M Barbosa
- NUESC/ITP, Program in Industrial Biotechnology-Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Victor Freitas
- Chemistry Investigation Centre (CIQ), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | | | - Marcelo C Mendonça
- NUESC/ITP, Program in Industrial Biotechnology-Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Center (CIMO), School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Elton Franceschi
- NUESC/ITP, Program in Industrial Biotechnology-Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Francine F Padilha
- NUESC/ITP, Program in Industrial Biotechnology-Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
| | - Maria Beatriz P P Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cláudio Dariva
- NUESC/ITP, Program in Industrial Biotechnology-Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil.
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İlter I, Akyıl S, Demirel Z, Koç M, Conk-Dalay M, Kaymak-Ertekin F. Optimization of phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina platensis using different techniques. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Liu C, Cao Z, He S, Sun Z, Chen W. The effects and mechanism of phycocyanin removal from water by high-frequency ultrasound treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:303-309. [PMID: 29137756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects and mechanism of phycocyanin removal from water by high-frequency ultrasound treatment were studied. The efficiency of sonication treatment in removing proteins derived from algal cells was investigated, and the factors influencing the process, including the effects of coagulation, were also studied. In addition, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, and mass spectrum were used to illustrate the removal mechanism. The results indicated that phycocyanin can be degraded to the point where it is barely detectable in water samples after 180min of high-frequency sonication. While the total nitrogen (TN) concentration remained consistent during the entire sonication process (240min), about 78.9% of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was oxidized into inorganic nitrogen. The sonication effect was greatly influenced by the ultrasound frequency, with 200kHz having the highest removal performance due to the large production of hydroxyl (HO) radicals. Coagulation was adversely influenced by sonication in the first 60min due to the cross-linking reaction between protein molecules caused by the sonication. The influence of sonication weakened with sonication time due to the further degradation of the proteins by ultrasound. The variation of the TN, DON, and inorganic nitrogen indicated that the main mechanism occurring during the high-frequency sonication of the phycocyanin was the direct oxidation of the radicals, which was totally different from of the mechanism occurring during ultrasound with low frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Siyuan He
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhehao Sun
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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de Morais MG, da Fontoura Prates D, Moreira JB, Duarte JH, Costa JAV. Phycocyanin from Microalgae: Properties, Extraction and Purification, with Some Recent Applications. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2017.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Greque de Morais
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Denise da Fontoura Prates
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Juliana Botelho Moreira
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jessica Hartwig Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
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Agro-Industrial Waste Based Phycocyanin Production fromOscillatoriasp. 50 A:daf-16 Modulating Effect inCaenorhabditis elegansand p53 Dependent Apoptosis in HeLa cells. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Yildiz-Ozturk E, Yesil-Celiktas O. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of hydrocarbons from Botryococcus braunii as a promising bioresource. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dejsungkranont M, Chen HH, Sirisansaneeyakul S. Enhancement of antioxidant activity of C-phycocyanin of Spirulina powder treated with supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kose A, Ozen MO, Elibol M, Oncel SS. Investigation of in vitro digestibility of dietary microalga Chlorella vulgaris and cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis as a nutritional supplement. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:170. [PMID: 28660455 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgal proteins are promising sources for functional nutrition and a sustainable candidate for nutraceutical formulations. They also gain importance due to emerging focus on a healthy nutrition and increase in the number of chronic diseases. In this study, dried dietary species of microalga, Chlorella vulgaris, and cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis were hydrolyzed with pancreatin enzyme to obtain protein hydrolysates. The hydrolysis yield of biomass was 55.1 ± 0.1 and 64.8 ± 3.6% for C. vulgaris and S. platensis; respectively. Digestibility, as an indicator for dietary utilization, was also investigated. In vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) values depicted that cell wall structure due to the taxonomical differences affected both hydrolysis and digestibility yield of the crude biomass (p < 0.05). Epithelial cells (Vero) maintained their viability around 70%, even in relatively higher concentrations of hydrolysates in the culture. The protein hydrolysates showed no any antimicrobial activities. This study clearly shows that the conventional protein sources in nutraceutical formulations such as soy, whey, and fish proteins can be replaced by enzymatic hydrolysates of microalgae, which shows elevated digestibility values as a sustainable and reliable source.
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Liu C, Cao Z, Wang J, Sun Z, He S, Chen W. Performance and mechanism of phycocyanin removal from water by low-frequency ultrasound treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 34:214-221. [PMID: 27773238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonication pretreatment of raw water with high content of algal cells might cause an increase in dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and proteins, which must be removed effectively before coagulation. In this study, the efficiency of sonication treatment in removing typical proteins derived from algal cells was investigated by applying ultrasonic waves at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100kHz, and the influencing factors and removal mechanism were discussed. The results showed that low-frequency sonication could degrade phycocyanin to some extent, achieving about 95% removal rate after 150min of sonication. However, excitation emission matrix analysis indicated that ultrasonication could not entirely degrade phycocyanin into inorganic nitrogen, and many proteins and nitrogen-containing organics were found in the samples after sonication. While the total nitrogen concentration remained consistent during the entire sonication process (240min), the total inorganic nitrogen concentration increased from 0.6 to 1.3mg/L, indicating that only 33.3% of DON was oxidized into inorganic nitrogen. Nevertheless, sonication could significantly attenuate the interference of phycocyanin in coagulation and enhance coagulation. The mechanical effects and free-radical oxidation resulting from cavitation collapse could be responsible for the degradation of phycocyanin and proteins following sonication. In all, the use of ultrasonic treatment as a posttreatment following sonication to remove algal cells from raw water may not be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhehao Sun
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Siyuan He
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
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