1
|
De Stefano M, Singh K, Raina A, Mohan S, Ul Haq MI, Ruggiero A. Tribocorrosion of 3D printed dental implants: An overview. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:644-663. [PMID: 38807965 PMCID: PMC11131088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
With the advancements in dental science and the growing need for improved dental health, it has become imperative to develop new implant materials which possess better geometrical, mechanical, and physical properties. The oral environment is a corrosive environment and the relative motion between the teeth also makes the environment more hostile. Therefore, the combined corrosion and tribology commonly known as tribocorrosion of implants needs to be studied. The complex shapes of the dental implants and the high-performance requirements of these implants make manufacturing difficult by conventional manufacturing processes. With the advent of additive manufacturing or 3D-printing, the development of implants has become easy. However, the various requirements such as surface roughness, mechanical strength, and corrosion resistance further make the manufacturing of implants difficult. The current paper reviews the various studies related to3D-printed implants. Also, the paper tries to highlight the role of 3D-Printing can play in the area of dental implants. Further studies both experimental and numerical are needed to devise optimized conditions for 3D-printing implants to develop implants with improved mechanical, corrosion, and biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Stefano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Khushneet Singh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ankush Raina
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sanjay Mohan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mir Irfan Ul Haq
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Alessandro Ruggiero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li M, Fan Y, Ran M, Chen H, Han J, Zhai J, Wang Z, Ning C, Shi Z, Yu P. Hydrogel Coatings of Implants for Pathological Bone Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401296. [PMID: 38794971 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels are well-suited for biomedical applications due to their numerous advantages, such as excellent bioactivity, versatile physical and chemical properties, and effective drug delivery capabilities. Recently, hydrogel coatings have developed to functionalize bone implants which are biologically inert and cannot withstand the complex bone tissue repair microenvironment. These coatings have shown promise in addressing unique and pressing medical needs. This review begins with the major functionalized performance and interfacial bonding strategy of hydrogel coatings, with a focus on the novel external field response properties of the hydrogel. Recent advances in the fabrication strategies of hydrogel coatings and their use in the treatment of pathologic bone regeneration are highlighted. Finally, challenges and emerging trends in the evolution and application of physiological environment-responsive and external electric field-responsive hydrogel coatings for bone implants are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Youzhun Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Maofei Ran
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jien Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinxia Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhengao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Metallic Materials Surface Functionalization, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Medical Devices Research and Testing Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jo Y, Majumdar U, Bose S. Vitamin D3 Release from MgO Doped 3D Printed TCP Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1676-1685. [PMID: 38386843 PMCID: PMC11186521 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Regenerating bone tissue in critical-sized craniofacial bone defects remains challenging and requires the implementation of innovative bone implants with early stage osteogenesis and blood vessel formation. Vitamin D3 is incorporated into MgO-doped 3D-printed scaffolds for defect-specific and patient-specific implants in low load-bearing areas. This novel bone implant also promotes early stage osteogenesis and blood vessel development. Our results show that vitamin D3-loaded MgO-doped 3D-printed scaffolds enhance osteoblast cell proliferation 1.3-fold after being cultured for 7 days. Coculture studies on osteoblasts derived from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteoclasts derived from monocytes show the upregulation of genes related to osteoblastogenesis and the downregulation of RANK-L, which is essential for osteoclastogenesis. Release of vitamin D3 also inhibits osteoclast differentiation by 1.9-fold after a 21-day culture. After 6 weeks, vitamin D3 release from MgO-doped 3D-printed scaffolds enhances the new bone formation, mineralization, and angiogenic potential. The multifunctional 3D-printed scaffolds can improve early stage osteogenesis and blood vessel formation in craniofacial bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongdeok Jo
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ujjayan Majumdar
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi HS, Yun J, Jeong Y, Jo YK, Cha HJ. Self-controllable proteinic antibacterial coating with bacteria-triggered antibiotic release for prevention of periprosthetic infection. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122457. [PMID: 38171117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Periprosthetic infection is a devastating postimplantation complication in which a biofilm layer harboring invasive microorganisms forms around orthopedic implants, leading to severe implant failure and patient morbidity. Despite the development of several infection-triggered antibiotic release approaches, most current antibacterial coatings are susceptible to undesired antibiotic leakage or mechanical disintegration during prosthesis installation. Herein, we propose a self-controllable proteinic antibacterial coating capable of both long-lasting adherence onto titanium implant substrates over the implant fixation period and instantaneous bacterial eradication. Importantly, the pH-dependent reversible metal coordination of mussel adhesive protein (MAP) enabled bacterial concentration-dependent antibiotic delivery in response to infection-induced acidification. In addition, the MAP coating exhibited superior self-healable adhesive properties and scratch resistance, which enabled to avert issues associated with mechanical damages, including peeling and cracking, often occurring in conventional implant coating systems. The gentamicin-loaded MAP coating exhibited complete inhibition of bacterial growth in vivo against Staphylococcus aureus penetrations during implantation surgery (immediate infection) and even 4 weeks after implantation (delayed infection). Thus, our antibiotic-loaded MAP hydrogel coating can open new avenues for self-defensive antibiotic prophylaxis to achieve instant and sustainable bacteriocidal activity in orthopedic prostheses. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sun Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kee Jo
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, School of Convergence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khoffi F, Khalsi Y, Chevrier J, Kerdjoudj H, Tazibt A, Heim F. Surface treatment of PET multifilament textile for biomedical applications: roughness modification and fibroblast viability assessment. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2024; 69:17-26. [PMID: 37650423 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2023-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of tuning the topography of textile surfaces for biomedical applications towards modified cell-substrate interactions. METHODS For that purpose, a supercritical Nitrogen N2 jet was used to spray glass particles on multi-filament polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns and on woven fabrics. The influence of the jet projection parameters such as the jet pressure (P) and the standoff distance (SoD) on the roughness was investigated. RESULTS The impact of the particles created local filament ruptures on the treated surfaces towards hairiness increase. The results show that the treatment increases the roughness by up to 17 % at P 300 bars and SoD 300 mm while the strength of the material is slightly decreased. The biological study brings out that proliferation can be slightly limited on a more hairy surface, and is increased when the surface is more flat. After 10 days of fibroblast culture, the cells covered the entire surface of the fabrics and had mainly grown unidirectionally, forming cell clusters oriented along the longitudinal axis of the textile yarns. Clusters were generated at yarn crossings. CONCLUSIONS This approach revealed that the particle projection technology can help tuning the cell proliferation on a textile surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foued Khoffi
- Laboratoire de Génie Textile (LGTex), Ksar-Hellal, Tunisia
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), ENSISA, Mulhouse, France
- CRITT Techniques Jet Fluide et Usinage (TJFU), Bar-Le-Duc, France
| | - Yosri Khalsi
- CRITT Techniques Jet Fluide et Usinage (TJFU), Bar-Le-Duc, France
| | - Julie Chevrier
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691, Reims, France
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BIOS EA 4691, Reims, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Abdel Tazibt
- CRITT Techniques Jet Fluide et Usinage (TJFU), Bar-Le-Duc, France
| | - Fréderic Heim
- Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique Textiles (LPMT), ENSISA, Mulhouse, France
- GEPROMED, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahuja N, Awad K, Yang S, Dong H, Mikos A, Aswath P, Young S, Brotto M, Varanasi V. SiON x Coating Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Antioxidant Capacity via Nuclear Erythroid Factor 2 Activity under Toxic Oxidative Stress Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:189. [PMID: 38397787 PMCID: PMC10885901 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Healing in compromised and complicated bone defects is often prolonged and delayed due to the lack of bioactivity of the fixation device, secondary infections, and associated oxidative stress. Here, we propose amorphous silicon oxynitride (SiONx) as a coating for the fixation devices to improve both bioactivity and bacteriostatic activity and reduce oxidative stress. We aimed to study the effect of increasing the N/O ratio in the SiONx to fine-tune the cellular activity and the antioxidant effect via the NRF2 pathway under oxidative stress conditions. The in vitro studies involved using human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to examine the effect of SiONx coatings on osteogenesis with and without toxic oxidative stress. Additionally, bacterial growth on SiONx surfaces was studied using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonies. NRF2 siRNA transfection was performed on the hMSCs (NRF2-KD) to study the antioxidant response to silicon ions. The SiONx implant surfaces showed a >4-fold decrease in bacterial growth vs. bare titanium as a control. Increasing the N/O ratio in the SiONx implants increased the alkaline phosphatase activity >1.5 times, and the other osteogenic markers (osteocalcin, RUNX2, and Osterix) were increased >2-fold under normal conditions. Increasing the N/O ratio in SiONx enhanced the protective effects and improved cell viability against toxic oxidative stress conditions. There was a significant increase in osteocalcin activity compared to the uncoated group, along with increased antioxidant activity under oxidative stress conditions. In NRF2-KD cells, there was a stunted effect on the upregulation of antioxidant markers by silicon ions, indicating a role for NRF2. In conclusion, the SiONx coatings studied here displayed bacteriostatic properties. These materials promoted osteogenic markers under toxic oxidative stress conditions while also enhancing antioxidant NRF2 activity. These results indicate the potential of SiONx coatings to induce in vivo bone regeneration in a challenging oxidative stress environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Ahuja
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Kamal Awad
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Su Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - He Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Antonios Mikos
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Center for Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kushram P, Majumdar U, Bose S. Hydroxyapatite coated titanium with curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate for orthopedic and dental applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 155:213667. [PMID: 37979438 PMCID: PMC11132588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloy are clinically used as an implant material for load-bearing applications to treat bone defects. However, the lack of biological interaction between bone tissue and implant and the risk of infection are still critical challenges in clinical orthopedics. In the current work, we have developed a novel approach by first 1) modifying the implant surface using hydroxyapatite (HA) coating to enhance bioactivity and 2) integrating curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the coating that would induce chemopreventive and osteogenic potential and impart antibacterial properties to the implant. The study shows that curcumin and EGCG exhibit controlled and sustained release profiles in acidic and physiological environments. Curcumin and EGCG also show in vitro cytotoxicity toward osteosarcoma cells after 11 days, and the dual system shows a ~94 % reduction in bacterial growth, indicating their in vitro chemopreventive potential and antibacterial efficacy. The release of both curcumin and EGCG was found to be compatible with osteoblast cells and further promotes their growth. It shows a 3-fold enhancement in cellular viability in the dual drug-loaded implant compared to the untreated samples. These findings suggest that multifunctional HA-coated Ti6Al4V implants integrated with curcumin and EGCG could be a promising strategy for osteosarcoma inhibition and osteoblast cell growth while preventing infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kushram
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Ujjayan Majumdar
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Yang B, Xu M, Li F, Geng Z, Cui W, Sun X, Li Y, Liu Y. Doped Multiple Nanoparticles with Hydroxyapatite Coating Show Diverse Health Effects in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:5031-5054. [PMID: 37701820 PMCID: PMC10493156 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s417929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The lack of osteoinductive, angiogenic and antimicrobial properties of hydroxyapatite coatings (HA) on titanium surfaces severely limits their use in orthopedic and dental implants. Therefore, we doped SiO2, Gd2O3 and CeO2 nanoparticles into HA to fabricate a HASiGdCe coating with a combination of decent antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic properties by the plasma spraying technique. Methods The HASiGdCe coating was analyzed by SEM (EDS), surface roughness tests, contact angle tests, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, tensile tests and electrochemical dynamic polarization tests. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO-1) were used as representative bacteria to verify the antibacterial properties of the HASiGdCe coating. We evaluated the cytocompatibility and in vitro osteoinductivity of the HASiGdCe coating by investigating its effect on the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. We assessed the in vitro angiogenic activity of the HASiGdCe coating by migration assay, tube formation assay, and RT‒PCR analysis of angiogenic genes in HUVECs. Finally, we used infected animal femur models to investigate the biosafety, antimicrobial and osteointegration properties of the HASiGdCe coating in vivo. Results Through various characterization experiments, we demonstrated that the HASiGdCe coating has suitable microscopic morphology, physical phase characteristics, bonding strength and bioactivity to meet the coating criteria for orthopedic implants. The HASiGdCe coating can release Gd3+ and Ce4+, showing strong antibacterial properties against MRSA and PAO-1. The HASiGdCe coating has been shown to have superior osteogenic and angiogenic properties compared to the HA coating in in vitro cellular experiments. Animal implantation experiments have shown that the HASiGdCe coating also has excellent biosafety, antimicrobial and osteogenic properties in vivo. Conclusion The HASiGdCe coating confers excellent antibacterial, angiogenic and osteogenic properties on titanium implants, which can effectively enhance implant osseointegration and prevent bacterial infections, and it accordingly has promising applications in the treatment of bone defects related to orthopedic and dental sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baojuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyi Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoli Geng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Cui
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanle Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Awad K, Ahuja N, Yacoub AS, Brotto L, Young S, Mikos A, Aswath P, Varanasi V. Revolutionizing bone regeneration: advanced biomaterials for healing compromised bone defects. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1217054. [PMID: 37520216 PMCID: PMC10376722 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1217054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the application of novel biomaterial-based therapies specifically targeted towards craniofacial bone defects. The repair and regeneration of critical sized bone defects in the craniofacial region requires the use of bioactive materials to stabilize and expedite the healing process. However, the existing clinical approaches face challenges in effectively treating complex craniofacial bone defects, including issues such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and soft tissue loss. Given that a significant portion of individuals affected by traumatic bone defects in the craniofacial area belong to the aging population, there is an urgent need for innovative biomaterials to address the declining rate of new bone formation associated with age-related changes in the skeletal system. This article emphasizes the importance of semiconductor industry-derived materials as a potential solution to combat oxidative stress and address the challenges associated with aging bone. Furthermore, we discuss various material and autologous treatment approaches, as well as in vitro and in vivo models used to investigate new therapeutic strategies in the context of craniofacial bone repair. By focusing on these aspects, we aim to shed light on the potential of advanced biomaterials to overcome the limitations of current treatments and pave the way for more effective and efficient therapeutic interventions for craniofacial bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Awad
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Neelam Ahuja
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Yacoub
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Simon Young
- Katz Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Antonios Mikos
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Center for Excellence in Tissue Engineering, J.W. Cox Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pranesh Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Bone Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovations, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dorozhkin SV. There Are over 60 Ways to Produce Biocompatible Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Deposits on Various Substrates. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2023; 7:273. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs7070273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A The present overview describes various production techniques for biocompatible calcium orthophosphate (abbreviated as CaPO4) deposits (coatings, films and layers) on the surfaces of various types of substrates to impart the biocompatible properties for artificial bone grafts. Since, after being implanted, the grafts always interact with the surrounding biological tissues at the interfaces, their surface properties are considered critical to clinical success. Due to the limited number of materials that can be tolerated in vivo, a new specialty of surface engineering has been developed to desirably modify any unacceptable material surface characteristics while maintaining the useful bulk performance. In 1975, the development of this approach led to the emergence of a special class of artificial bone grafts, in which various mechanically stable (and thus suitable for load-bearing applications) implantable biomaterials and artificial devices were coated with CaPO4. Since then, more than 7500 papers have been published on this subject and more than 500 new publications are added annually. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the available literature has been performed with the main goal of finding as many deposition techniques as possible and more than 60 methods (double that if all known modifications are counted) for producing CaPO4 deposits on various substrates have been systematically described. Thus, besides the introduction, general knowledge and terminology, this review consists of two unequal parts. The first (bigger) part is a comprehensive summary of the known CaPO4 deposition techniques both currently used and discontinued/underdeveloped ones with brief descriptions of their major physical and chemical principles coupled with the key process parameters (when possible) to inform readers of their existence and remind them of the unused ones. The second (smaller) part includes fleeting essays on the most important properties and current biomedical applications of the CaPO4 deposits with an indication of possible future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Taha SK, Hassan EA, Mousa S, El-Bassyouni GT, Shalash HN, Abdel Hamid MA. Biphasic calcium phosphate doped with zirconia nanoparticles for reconstruction of induced mandibular defects in dogs: cone-beam computed tomographic and histopathologic evaluation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:27. [PMID: 37204535 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate osteogenic potential and biocompatibility of combining biphasic calcium phosphate with zirconia nanoparticles (4Zr TCP/HA) compared to biphasic calcium phosphate (TCP/HA) for reconstruction of induced mandibular defects in dog model. TCP/HA and 4Zr TCP/HA scaffolds were prepared. Morphological, physicochemical, antibacterial, cytocompatibility characterization were tested. In vivo application was performed in 12 dogs where three critical-sized mandibular defects were created in each dog. Bone defects were randomly allocated into: control, TCP/HA, and 4Zr TCP/HA groups. Bone density and bone area percentage were evaluated at 12 weeks using cone-beam computed tomographic, histopathologic, histomorphometric examination. Bone area density was statistically increased (p < 0.001) in TCP/HA and 4Zr TCP/HA groups compared to control group both in sagittal and coronal views. Comparing TCP/HA and 4Zr TCP/HA groups, the increase in bone area density was statistically significant in coronal view (p = 0.002) and sagittal view (p = 0.05). Histopathologic sections of TCP/HA group demonstrated incomplete filling of the defect with osteoid tissue. Doping with zirconia (4Zr TCP/HA group), resulted in statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in bone formation (as indicated by bone area percentage) and maturation (as confirmed by Masson trichrome staining) compared to TCP/HA group. The newly formed bone was mature and organized with more trabecular thickness and less trabecular space in between. Physicochemical, morphological and bactericidal properties of combining zirconia and TCP/HA were improved. Combining zirconia and TCP/HA resulted in synergistic action with effective osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osteointegration suggesting its suitability to restore damaged bone in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said K Taha
- Surgery and Oral Medicine Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Elham A Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Sahar Mousa
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Gehan T El-Bassyouni
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba N Shalash
- Basic Dental Science Department, Oral and Dental Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdel Hamid
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bandyopadhyay A, Mitra I, Goodman SB, Kumar M, Bose S. Improving Biocompatibility for Next Generation of Metallic Implants. PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 133:101053. [PMID: 36686623 PMCID: PMC9851385 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2022.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing need for joint replacement surgeries, musculoskeletal repairs, and orthodontics worldwide prompts emerging technologies to evolve with healthcare's changing landscape. Metallic orthopaedic materials have a shared application history with the aerospace industry, making them only partly efficient in the biomedical domain. However, suitability of metallic materials in bone tissue replacements and regenerative therapies remains unchallenged due to their superior mechanical properties, eventhough they are not perfectly biocompatible. Therefore, exploring ways to improve biocompatibility is the most critical step toward designing the next generation of metallic biomaterials. This review discusses methods of improving biocompatibility of metals used in biomedical devices using surface modification, bulk modification, and incorporation of biologics. Our investigation spans multiple length scales, from bulk metals to the effect of microporosities, surface nanoarchitecture, and biomolecules such as DNA incorporation for enhanced biological response in metallic materials. We examine recent technologies such as 3D printing in alloy design and storing surface charge on nanoarchitecture surfaces, metal-on-metal, and ceramic-on-metal coatings to present a coherent and comprehensive understanding of the subject. Finally, we consider the advantages and challenges of metallic biomaterials and identify future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
| | - Indranath Mitra
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA 94063
| | | | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ozkan A, Çakır DA, Tezel H, Sanajou S, Yirun A, Baydar T, Erkekoglu P. Dental Implants and Implant Coatings: A Focus on Their Toxicity and Safety. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2023; 42:31-48. [PMID: 36749088 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2022043467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are medical devices that are surgically inserted into the patient's jawbone by an orthodontist to act as roots of missing teeth. After the implantation, the maxilla or mandible integrates with the surface of the dental implant. This process, called "osseointegration," is an important period to ensure the long-term use of dental implants and prevent implant failures. Metal implants are the most used implant materials. However, they have disadvantages such as corrosion, metal ion release from metal implant surfaces and associated toxicity. To avoid these adverse effects and improve osseointegration, alternative dental implant materials such as ceramics, polymers, composites, and novel surface modification technologies have been developed. The safety of these materials are also of concern for toxicologists. This review will give general information about dental implant materials, osseointegration and successful implantation process. Moreover, we will focus on the new surface coatings materials for of dental implants and their toxicity and safety concerns will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Ozkan
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Arca Çakır
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Department of Vaccinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hülya Tezel
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sonia Sanajou
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anil Yirun
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Çukurova University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pinar Erkekoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Sıhhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey; Hacettepe University Vaccine Institute, Department of Vaccinology, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jacobs CAM, Cramer EEA, Dias AA, Smelt H, Hofmann S, Ito K. Surface modifications to promote the osteoconductivity of ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene fabrics for a novel biomimetic artificial disc prosthesis: An in vitro study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:442-452. [PMID: 36111647 PMCID: PMC10087191 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel biomimetic artificial intervertebral disc (bioAID) for the cervical spine was developed, containing a hydrogel core representing the nucleus pulposus, an UHMWPE fiber jacket as annulus fibrosis, and titanium endplates with pins for mechanical fixation. Osseointegration of the UHMWPE fibers to adjacent bone structures is required to achieve proper biomimetic behavior and to provide long-term stability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the osteoconductivity of several surface modifications of UHMWPE fabrics, 2D weft-knitted, using non-treated UHMWPE fibers (N), plasma treated UHMWPE fibers (PT), 10% hydroxy apatite (HA) loaded UHMWPE fibers (10%HA), plasma treated 10%HA UHMWPE fibers (PT-10%HA), 15%HA loaded UHMWPE fibers (15%HA) and plasma treated 15%HA UHMWPE fibers (PT-15%HA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface characterization. Biological effects were assessed by evaluating initial cell attachment (SEM, DNA content), metabolic activity (PrestoBlue assay), proliferation, differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity) and mineralization (energy dispersive x-ray, EDX analysis) using human bone marrow stromal cells. Plasma treated samples showed increased initial cell attachment, indicating the importance of hydrophilicity for cell attachment. However, incorporation only of HA or plasma treatment alone was not sufficient to result in upregulated alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity. Combining HA loaded fibers with plasma treatment showed a combined effect, leading to increased cell attachment and upregulated ALP activity. Based on these results, combination of HA loaded UHMWPE fibers and plasma treatment provided the most promising fabric surface for facilitating bone ingrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celien A M Jacobs
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Esther E A Cramer
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stocco TD, Bassous N, Oliveira Lobo A. Nanostructured materials for bone tissue replacement. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
|
16
|
Chen KT, Huang JW, Lin WT, Kuo TY, Chien CS, Chang CP, Lin YD. Effects of Micro-Arc Oxidation Discharge Parameters on Formation and Biomedical Properties of Hydroxyapatite-Containing Flower-like Structure Coatings. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:ma16010057. [PMID: 36614396 PMCID: PMC9821538 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process was used to prepare hydroxyapatite-containing flower-like structure coatings on commercially pure titanium substrates with various values of the applied voltage (330, 390, 450 V), applied current (0.4, 0.5, 0.6 A), and duration time (1, 3, 5 min). It was found that the surface morphology of the coatings was determined primarily by the applied voltage. A voltage of 330 V yielded a flower-like/plate-like structure, while voltages of 390 V and 450 V produced a flower-like structure and a porous morphology, respectively. The applied current and duration time mainly affected the coating formation speed and petal size of the flower-like structures, respectively. The coatings prepared using voltages of 330 V and 390 V (0.6 A, 5 min) both contained Ti, TiO2-A (anatase), TiO2-R (rutile), DCPD (CaHPO4·2H2O, calcium hydrogen phosphate), and hydroxyapatite (HA). However, the latter coating contained less DCPD and had a higher HA/DCPD ratio and a Ca/P ratio closer to the ideal value of HA. The coating prepared with a voltage of 450 V consisted mainly of Ti, TiO2-A, TiO2-R, and CaTiO3. For the coatings prepared with a voltage of 390 V, the flower-like structures consisted mainly of HA-containing compounds. DCPD plate-like structures were observed either between the HA-containing flower-like structures (330 V samples) or within the flower-like structures themselves (390 V samples). The coating surfaces with flower-like/plate-like or flower-like structures had a greater roughness, which increased their hydrophilicity and resulted in superior bioactivity (SBF immersion) and biocompatibility (MG-63 cell culture). The optimal biomedical performance was found in the 390 V coating due to its flower-like structure and high HA/DCPD ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang District, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 1 Nan-Tai St., Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang District, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 1 Nan-Tai St., Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yuan Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 1 Nan-Tai St., Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.K.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Chi-Sheng Chien
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang District, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.K.); (C.-S.C.)
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang District, Tainan City 710, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ding Lin
- School of Intelligent Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bai J, Ge G, Wang Q, Li W, Zheng K, Xu Y, Yang H, Pan G, Geng D. Engineering Stem Cell Recruitment and Osteoinduction via Bioadhesive Molecular Mimics to Improve Osteoporotic Bone-Implant Integration. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9823784. [PMID: 36157511 PMCID: PMC9484833 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9823784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients with osteoporosis, the therapeutic outcomes of osteoimplants are substantially affected by the impaired proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation abilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). To improve bone-implant integration in osteoporotic condition, here we reported a one-step biomimetic surface strategy to introduce BMSC recruiting and osteoinductive abilities onto metallic osteoimplants. In our design, the bioadhesive molecular peptide mimic inspired by mussel foot proteins (Mfps) was used as molecular bridging for surface functionalization. Specifically, a BMSC-targeting peptide sequence (E7) and an osteogenic growth peptide (Y5) were grafted onto the titanium implant surfaces through a mussel adhesion mechanism. We found that a rational E7/Y5 feeding ratio could lead to an optimal dual functionalization capable of not only significantly improving the biocompatibility of the implant but also enabling it to recruit endogenous BMSCs for colonization, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, the E7-assisted in situ recruitment of endogenous BMSCs as well as the enhanced interfacial osteogenesis and osteointegration was associated with activation of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) receptor on the cell surface and promotion of stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1α) autocrine secretion. We anticipated that rational dual-functional surfaces through bioadhesive molecular mimics will provide a simple, effective, nonimmunogenic, and safe means to improve the clinical outcomes of intraosseous implants, especially under osteoporotic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bhattacharjee A, Bandyopadhyay A, Bose S. Plasma sprayed fluoride and zinc doped hydroxyapatite coated titanium for load-bearing implants. SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 2022; 440:128464. [PMID: 36311855 PMCID: PMC9603884 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) alloys show excellent fatigue and corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, and no toxicity; however, poor osseointegration ability of Ti may lead to implant loosening in vivo. Plasma spraying of hydroxyapatite [HA, Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2] coating on Ti surfaces is commercially used to enhance osseointegration and the long-term stability of these implants. The biological properties of HA can be improved with the addition of both cationic and anionic dopants, such as zinc ions (Zn2+) and fluoride (F-). However, the hygroscopic nature of fluoride restricts its utilization in the radiofrequency (RF) plasma spray process. In addition, the amount of doping needs to be optimized to ensure cytocompatibility. We have fabricated zinc and fluoride doped HA-coated Ti6Al4V (Ti64) to mitigate these challenges using compositional and parametric optimizations. The RF induction plasma spraying method is utilized to prepare the coatings. Multiple parametric optimizations with amplitude and frequency during the processing result in coating thicknesses between 80 and 145 μm. No adverse effects on the adhesion properties of the coating are noticed because of doping. The antibacterial efficacy of each composition is tested against S. aureus for 24, 48, and 72 h, and showed that the addition of zinc oxide and calcium fluoride to HA leads to nearly 70 % higher antibacterial efficacy than pure HA-coated samples. The addition of osteogenic Zn2+and F- leads to 1.5 times higher osteoblast viability for the doped samples than pure HA-coated samples after 7-days of cell culture. Zn2+ and F- doped HA-coated Ti64 with simultaneous improvements in anti-bacterial efficacy and in vitro biocompatibility can find application in load-bearing implants, particularly in revision surgeries and immune-compromised patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Template Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite on a Titania–Silver Composite Surface for Potential Use in Implantology. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Modern materials science, both in terms of functional and structural materials, is actively developing towards the creation of structures with a given ordering. A wide range of methods involves ordering the structure according to a template shape. Template synthesis is one of the mots wide-spread approaches. Most often, the template synthesis method is implemented under conditions of limiting the growth of the phase due to the geometry of the template. In the present work, a template electrochemical method is considered for calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating synthesis, based on the replication of the planar template texture during deposition. In this case, the template is an array of silver microparticles immobilized on an electrically conductive substrate, separated by an insulator layer. The developed approach is similar to the mask metallization widely used in planar technology. In this work, the possibility of the template pulsed electrodeposition of ceramics rather than metal is shown using HAp as an example. This approach is interesting for materials science, in particular, for obtaining micro-ordered hydroxyapatite structures—a crystallochemical analogue of the inorganic bone tissue component—on the surface of bone implants, which can be implemented to improve their biomedical characteristics. As a result of our study, we experimentally determined the conditions for obtaining the composite coating TiO2/Ag/Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 with controlled phase structure, topology and localization of components on the surface, which was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction (SEM, EDS and XRD). The absence of cytotoxicity for the osteoblast-like cells of the developed coating was revealed by cytological tests.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jafari B, Ashjaee N, Katoozian H, Tahani M. A comparative study of bone remodeling around hydroxyapatite-coated and novel radial functionally graded dental implants using finite element simulation. Med Eng Phys 2022; 102:103775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Jagadeeshanayaka N, Awasthi S, Jambagi SC, Srivastava C. Bioactive Surface Modifications through Thermally Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Composite Coatings: A Review over Selective Reinforcements. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2484-2523. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been an excellent replacement for the natural bone in orthopedic applications, owing to its close resemblance; however, it is brittle and has low strength. Surface modification techniques...
Collapse
|
22
|
Kaliaraj GS, Siva T, Ramadoss A. Surface functionalized bioceramics coated on metallic implants for biomedical and anticorrosion performance - a review. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9433-9460. [PMID: 34755756 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01301g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In modern days, the usage of trauma fixation devices has significantly increased due to sports injury, age-related issues, accidents, and revision surgery purposes. Numerous materials such as stainless steel, titanium, Co-Cr alloy, polymers, and ceramics have been used to replace the missing or defective parts of the human body. After implantation, body fluids (Na+, K+, and Cl-), protein, and blood cells interact with the surface of metallic implants, which favours the release of ions from the metallic surface to surrounding body tissues, leading to a hypersensitive reaction. Body pH, temperature, and interaction of immune cells also cause metal ion leaching and lose host cell interaction and effective mineralization for better durability. Moreover, microbial invasion is another important crisis, which produces extracellular compounds onto the biomaterial surface through which it escapes from the antimicrobial agents. To enhance the performance of materials by improving mechanical, corrosion resistance, antimicrobial, and biocompatibility properties, surface modification is a prerequisite method in which chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD), sol-gel method, and electrochemical deposition are generally involved. The properties of bioceramics such as chemical inertness, bioactivity, biocompatibility, and corrosion protection make them most suitable for the surface functionalization of metallic implants. To the best of our knowledge, very limited literature is available to discuss the interaction of body proteins, pH, and temperature onto bioceramic coatings. Hence, the present review focuses on the corrosion behaviour of different ceramic composite coating materials with different conditions. This review initially briefs the properties and surface chemistry of metal implants and the need for surface modifications by different deposition techniques. Further, mechanical, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial property, and electrochemical behaviour of ceramics and metal nitride coatings are discussed. Finally, future perspectives of coatings are outlined for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India.
| | - T Siva
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals, Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
| | - Ananthakumar Ramadoss
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals, Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nanohydroxyapatite Electrodeposition onto Electrospun Nanofibers: Technique Overview and Tissue Engineering Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8110151. [PMID: 34821717 PMCID: PMC8615206 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8110151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocomposite scaffolds based on the combination of polymeric nanofibers with nanohydroxyapatite are a promising approach within tissue engineering. With this strategy, it is possible to synthesize nanobiomaterials that combine the well-known benefits and advantages of polymer-based nanofibers with the osteointegrative, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of nanohydroxyapatite, generating scaffolds with great potential for applications in regenerative medicine, especially as support for bone growth and regeneration. However, as efficiently incorporating nanohydroxyapatite into polymeric nanofibers is still a challenge, new methodologies have emerged for this purpose, such as electrodeposition, a fast, low-cost, adjustable, and reproducible technique capable of depositing coatings of nanohydroxyapatite on the outside of fibers, to improve scaffold bioactivity and cell–biomaterial interactions. In this short review paper, we provide an overview of the electrodeposition method, as well as a detailed discussion about the process of electrodepositing nanohydroxyapatite on the surface of polymer electrospun nanofibers. In addition, we present the main findings of the recent applications of polymeric micro/nanofibrous scaffolds coated with electrodeposited nanohydroxyapatite in tissue engineering. In conclusion, comments are provided about the future direction of nanohydroxyapatite electrodeposition onto polymeric nanofibers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Early Bone Healing on Hydroxyapatite-Coated and Chemically-Modified Hydrophilic Implant Surfaces in an Ovine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179361. [PMID: 34502270 PMCID: PMC8430562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Implant topography affects early peri-implant bone healing by changing the osteoconduction rate in the surrounding biological environment. Implant surfaces have been designed to promote faster and stronger bone formation for rapid and stable prosthesis loading. Early peri-implant bone healing has been observed with a sandblasted, acid-etched implant that was chemically modified to be hydrophilic (cmSLA). The present study investigates whether early peri-implant bone healing extends to a rough surface implant with a high crystalline hydroxyapatite surface (TSV MP-1 HA). Three implants were randomly placed in porous trabecular bone within both medial femoral condyles of 10 sheep. Early peri-implant bone stability was measured at 3- and 6-weeks healing time following implant insertion. Results indicated a similar implant stability quotient between the implants at insertion and over time. The significant increase over time of reverse torque values with respect to insertion torque (p < 0.001) did not differ between the implants. However, the bone-to-implant contact of TSV MP-1 HA was significantly higher than that of cmSLA implants at 6 weeks (p < 0.01). These data validate previous findings of a hydrophilic implant surface and extend the observation of early osseointegration to a rough surface implant in porous trabecular bone.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kunrath MF, Muradás TC, Penha N, Campos MM. Innovative surfaces and alloys for dental implants: What about biointerface-safety concerns? Dent Mater 2021; 37:1447-1462. [PMID: 34426019 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present review article aimed to discuss the recent technologies employed for the development of dental implants, mainly regarding innovative surface treatments and alternative alloys, emphasizing the bio-tribocorrosion processes. METHODS An electronic search applying specific MeSH terms was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar databases to collect data until August 2021, considering basic, pre-clinical, clinical and review studies. The relevant articles (n=111), focused on innovative surface treatments for dental implants and their potential undesirable biological effects, were selected and explored. RESULTS Novel texturization methodologies for dental implants clearly provided superficial and structural atomic alterations in micro- and nanoscale, promoting different mechanical-chemical interactions when applied in the clinical set. Some particulate metals released from implant surfaces, their degradation products and/or contaminants exhibited local and systemic reactions after implant installation and osseointegration, contributing to unexpected treatment drawbacks and adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of pre-clinical and clinical platforms for screening dental implant devices, to predict the biointerface reactions as early as possible during the development phases. SIGNIFICANCE Modern surface treatments and innovative alloys developed for dental implants are not completely understood regarding their integrity during long-term clinical function, especially when considering the bio-tribocorrosion process. From this review, it is possible to assume that degradation and contamination of dental surfaces might be associated within peri-implant inflammation and cumulative long-lasting systemic toxicity. The in-depth comprehension of the biointerface modifications on these novel surface treatments might preclude unnecessary expenses and postoperative complications involving osseointegration failures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel F Kunrath
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thaís C Muradás
- Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Maria M Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kumar N, Lopez KG, Alathur Ramakrishnan S, Hallinan JTPD, Fuh JYH, Pandita N, Madhu S, Kumar A, Benneker LM, Vellayappan BA. Evolution of materials for implants in metastatic spine disease till date - Have we found an ideal material? Radiother Oncol 2021; 163:93-104. [PMID: 34419506 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
"Metastatic Spine Disease" (MSD) often requires surgical intervention and instrumentation with spinal implants. Ti6Al4V is widely used in metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS) and is the current implant material of choice due to improved biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and compatibility with imaging modalities compared to stainless steel. However, it is still not the ideal implant material due to the following issues. Ti6Al4V implants cause stress-shielding as their Young's modulus (110 gigapascal [GPa]) is higher than cortical bone (17-21 GPa). Ti6Al4V also generates artifacts on CT and MRI, which interfere with the process of postoperative radiotherapy (RT), including treatment planning and delivery. Similarly, charged particle therapy is hindered in the presence of Ti6Al4V. In addition, artifacts on CT and MRI may result in delayed recognition of tumor recurrence and postoperative complications. In comparison, polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a promising alternative. PEEK has a low Young's modulus (3.6 GPa), which results in optimal load-sharing and produces minimal artifacts on imaging with less hinderance on postoperative RT. However, PEEK is bioinert and unable to provide sufficient stability in the immediate postoperative period. This issue may possibly be mitigated by combining PEEK with other materials to form composites or through surface modification, although further research is required in these areas. With the increasing incidence of MSD, it is an opportune time for the development of spinal implants that possess all the ideal material properties for use in MSTS. Our review will explore whether there is a current ideal implant material, available alternatives and whether these require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Keith Gerard Lopez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | | | - Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Naveen Pandita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Sirisha Madhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Aravind Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lorin M Benneker
- Department of Orthopaedics, Spine Surgery, Sonnenhofspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun Y, Zhang X, Luo M, Hu W, Zheng L, Huang R, Greven J, Hildebrand F, Yuan F. Plasma Spray vs. Electrochemical Deposition: Toward a Better Osteogenic Effect of Hydroxyapatite Coatings on 3D-Printed Titanium Scaffolds. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:705774. [PMID: 34381765 PMCID: PMC8350575 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.705774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of three-dimensional (3D)-printed titanium (Ti) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite (HA) has been a research hotspot in biomedical engineering. However, unlike HA coatings on a plain surface, 3D-printed Ti scaffolds have inherent porous structures that influence the characteristics of HA coatings and osteointegration. In the present study, HA coatings were successfully fabricated on 3D-printed Ti scaffolds using plasma spray and electrochemical deposition, named plasma sprayed HA (PSHA) and electrochemically deposited HA (EDHA), respectively. Compared to EDHA scaffolds, HA coatings on PSHA scaffolds were smooth and continuous. In vitro cell studies confirmed that PSHA scaffolds have better potential to promote bone mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation than EDHA scaffolds in the early and late stages. Moreover, in vivo studies showed that PSHA scaffolds were endowed with superior bone repair capacity. Although the EDHA technology is simpler and more controllable, its limitation due to the crystalline and HA structures needs to be improved in the future. Thus, we believe that plasma spray is a better choice for fabricating HA coatings on implanted scaffolds, which may become a promising method for treating bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mingran Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weifan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ruqi Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Herman K, Wujczyk M, Dobrzynski M, Diakowska D, Wiglusz K, Wiglusz RJ. In Vitro Assessment of Long-Term Fluoride Ion Release from Nanofluorapatite. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133747. [PMID: 34279317 PMCID: PMC8269907 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The issue concerning the tooth decay is ongoing, therefore the study of materials with potential use in its prevention is crucial. This study aimed to analyze the long-term release of fluoride from synthesized nanofluorapatite in various in vitro environments for its potential use in dental materials. We placed 100 mg samples in 0.9% NaCl or deionized water and incubated them at 37 °C or 22 °C for 12 weeks. F− levels were read at 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and thereafter weekly. The levels of F− released at specific time intervals, as well as their cumulative values were compared. In a solution of 0.9% NaCl at 22 °C, there were no significant differences in the amount of F− released in the assessed time intervals, while at 37 °C, the highest value was read after 24 h (0.0697 ppm + 0.0006; p < 0.05). In deionized water, the highest amount of F− at 22 °C was read after 4 weeks (0.0776 ppm + 0.0028; p < 0.05), and at 37 °C, it was also the highest after 4 weeks (0.0910 ppm + 0.0156; p < 0.05). Under the same conditions, after 5 weeks the cumulative level of F− released (0.6216 ppm + 0.0085) significantly increased (p < 0.05), when compared to the samples placed in 0.9% NaCl at 37 °C and 22 °C (0.5493 ppm + 0.0321 and 0.5376 ppm + 0.0234, respectively). FAp releases F− for a long period of time in all assessed environments, therefore it is advised to continue testing in vivo models. Due to the probable remineralization effect towards hard tooth tissues, fluorapatite can be used in the prevention and treatment of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Herman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Wujczyk
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Maciej Dobrzynski
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-395-41-59 (R.J.W.)
| | - Dorota Diakowska
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Bartla 5, 51-618 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Wiglusz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 A, 50-566 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (R.J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-395-41-59 (R.J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Akgöl S, Ulucan-Karnak F, Kuru Cİ, Kuşat K. The usage of composite nanomaterials in biomedical engineering applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2906-2922. [PMID: 34050923 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is still developing over the decades and it is commonly used in biomedical applications with the design of nanomaterials due to the several purposes. With the investigation of materials on the molecular level has increased the develop composite nanomaterials with exceptional properties using in different applications and industries. The application of these composite nanomaterials is widely used in the fields of textile, chemical, energy, defense industry, electronics, and biomedical engineering which is growing and developing on human health. Development of biosensors for the diagnosis of diseases, drug targeting and controlled release applications, medical implants and imaging techniques are the research topics of nanobiotechnology. In this review, overview of the development of nanotechnology and applications which is use of composite nanomaterials in biomedical engineering is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Akgöl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Cansu İlke Kuru
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kuşat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Ceramic Coatings on Zirconium (Zr) and Zr-Alloys: Part-II: Properties and Applications. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an electrochemical and eco-friendly process where the surface features of the metal substrate are changed remarkably by electrochemical reactions accompanied by plasma micro-discharges. A stiff, adhesive, and conformal oxide layer on the Zr and Zr-alloy substrates can be formed by applying the PEO process. The review describes recent progress on various applications and functionality of PEO coatings in light of increasing industrial, medical, and optoelectronic demands for the production of advanced coatings. Besides, it explains how the PEO coating can address concerns about employing protective and long-lasting coatings with a remarkable biocompatibility and a broad excitation and absorption range of photoluminescence. A general overview of the process parameters of coatings is provided, accompanied by some information related to the biological conditions, under which, coatings are expected to function. The focus is to explain how the biocompatibility of coatings can be improved by tailoring the coating process. After that, corrosion and wear performance of PEO coatings are described in light of recognizing parameters that lead to the formation of coatings with outstanding performance in extreme loading conditions and corrosive environments. Finally, a future outlook and suggested research areas are outlined. The emerging applications derived from paramount features of the coating are considered in light of practical properties of coatings in areas including biocompatibility and bioactivity, corrosion and wear protection, and photoluminescence of coatings
Collapse
|
31
|
A Radiographic and Clinical Comparison of Immediate vs. Early Loading (4 Weeks) of Implants with a New Thermo-Chemically Treated Surface: A Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031223. [PMID: 33572988 PMCID: PMC7908367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Implant dentistry has evolved over time, resulting in better treatment outcomes for both patients and clinicians. The aim of this trial was to test whether the immediate loading of implants with a platform-switching design influences the marginal bone level, compared to four-week loading, after one year of follow-up. Moreover, a comparison of clinical data regarding implant survival, implant stability, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) was conducted. Methods: Klockner® VEGA® implants with a ContacTi® surface were placed in partially edentulous patients in the posterior areas. Group A received an immediately loaded prosthesis (one week) and Group B received an early-loaded prosthesis (four weeks). All abutments were placed at the time of surgery. Radiographic and clinical data were recorded. Results: Twenty-one patients were treated (35 implants). No implants were lost during the study. The final marginal bone level did not show differences between groups. The bone loss at 12 months at the implant level was 0.00 mm for both groups (median). The final implant quotient stability (ISQ) values did not differ between groups (median 73 and 70.25), nor did the other clinical parameters or PROMs. Conclusions: The results suggest that neither of the loading protocols with the implants used influenced the marginal bone level—not the osseointegration rate, clinical conditions, or PROMs.
Collapse
|
32
|
Li P, Gao Z, Tan Z, Xiao J, Wei L, Chen Y. New developments in anti-biofilm intervention towards effective management of orthopedic device related infections (ODRI's). BIOFOULING 2021; 37:1-35. [PMID: 33618584 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1869725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic device related infections (ODRI's) represent a difficult to treat situation owing to their biofilm based nature. Biofilm infections once established are difficult to eradicate even with an aggressive treatment regimen due to their recalcitrance towards antibiotics and immune attack. The involvement of antibiotic resistant pathogens as the etiological agent further worsens the overall clinical picture, pressing on the need to look into alternative treatment strategies. The present review highlightes the microbiological challenges associated with treatment of ODRI's due to biofilm formation on the implant surface. Further, it details the newer anti-infective modalities that work either by preventing biofilm formation and/or through effective disruption of the mature biofilms formed on the medical implant. The study, therefore aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the newer anti-biofilm interventions (non-antibiotic approaches) and a better understanding of their mechanism of action essential for improved management of orthopedic implant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan City, China
| | - Zhenwu Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan City, China
| | - Zhenwei Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Western Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Ya'an People's Hospital, Yaan City, China
| | - Li Wei
- Nursing Department, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yirui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Awasthi S, Pandey SK, Arunan E, Srivastava C. A review on hydroxyapatite coatings for the biomedical applications: experimental and theoretical perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:228-249. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite coatings has continuously been investigated for bone tissue applications during the last few decades due to their significant bioactivity and osteoconductivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Awasthi
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - E. Arunan
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Chandan Srivastava
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang P, Yin HM, Li X, Liu W, Chu YX, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu JZ, Li ZM, Li JH. Simultaneously constructing nanotopographical and chemical cues in 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds to promote bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 118:111457. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
35
|
M S A, Jaiswal S, Dubey A, Lahiri D, Das AK. Biocompatibility and biodegradability evaluation of magnesium-based intramedullary bone implants in avian model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:1479-1489. [PMID: 33258542 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
At present days osteosynthesis modalities for avian fracture management are inadequate. External coaptation is the most practiced method however, specialized clinics have started introducing intramedullary pinning, external skeletal fixation with tie-in-fixation for fracture immobilization. Magnesium (Mg) based biomaterials are trustable developments in the field of orthopedics compared to their permanent stainless steel counterparts concerning long term adverse reaction. Mg implants are becoming promising for their use as intramedullary accessories because they are bioresorbable with high strength-weight ratio and the similarities in density and elastic modulus to the natural bones. However, their severe biodegradation trait restricts frequent use as load-bearing orthopedic implants. In this study, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of Mg based intramedullary cylindrical spacers (2.4 mm diameter × 8 mm height) reinforced with 0, 5, 15 wt% of hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10 (PO4 )6 (OH)2 ) were evaluated in 18 Uttara-fowl birds. Clinical, radiological (from immediate postoperative days till 24th week), biochemical (first three postoperative weeks) and histopathological study of test bone were carried out to evaluate implant degradation and osteocompatibility. Biodegradation of Mg-3Zn/0HA and Mg-3Zn/15HA initiated a bit earlier at second week of implantation, while that of Mg-3Zn/5HA at 3-fourth week, and found biocompatible and biodegradable with no observable clinical and histopathological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek M S
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agricultural and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Satish Jaiswal
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Anshu Dubey
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Arup Kumar Das
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agricultural and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vu AA, Bose S. Natural Antibiotic Oregano in Hydroxyapatite-Coated Titanium Reduces Osteoclastic Bone Resorption for Orthopedic and Dental Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52383-52392. [PMID: 33181015 PMCID: PMC8009490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional infection prevention and treatment methods include synthetic antibiotics, which can cause severe adverse side effects. Carvacrol and thymol are biologically active monoterpenoid extractants from oregano leaves with antibiotic capabilities; however, little is known regarding their effects on bone tissue engineering. The objective of this work is to understand their effects on osteogenesis, specifically with osteoblast and osteoclast cells, from surface-modified Ti6Al4V with plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings. This system is an alternative to cemented implants to aid in bone healing. Results reveal that full carvacrol release from the HA matrix is successful in aqueous environments and modulation of release kinetics can also be made using polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. From HA-pressed disc samples in physiological pH, full carvacrol release is achieved in 10 days using PCL/PEG, about 95% release in 50 days using no polymer, and 60% in 50 days when using a PCL coating. Without polymer, full carvacrol release is achieved after 3 days from HA coatings in both physiological pH and acidic pH, mimicking the post-surgery environment. The release is assessed as a diffusion-based mechanism in phosphate-buffered saline but degradation-based mechanism in acetate buffer solution. Carvacrol and thymol show bacterial inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis and no cytotoxic effects on osteoblast proliferation in vitro. Carvacrol and thymol also induce a significant 7% reduction in osteoclast tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, caused by poorly attached cellular morphologies, leading to an approximately 65% reduction in osteoclast resorption pit formation. Our goal is to demonstrate a natural medicinal system that can support bone healing while providing infection prevention and reducing costly revision surgeries for orthopedic and dental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Vu
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Su Y, Li K, Tielens F, Wang J. Effect of sprayed techniques on the surface microstructure and in vitro behavior of nano-HAp coatings. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111318. [PMID: 32919676 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Supersonic atmospheric plasma spray (SAPS) technique is a classical method which is employed to coat the carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) powders to decrease the biologically inert, hydrophobic drawbacks of substrate surfaces. In recent years, profiting from the promoting of energy conservation and environmental protection, more emphasis was placed on industrial manufacturing to simplify the experimental steps. This paper aims to study the preparation of nano-HAp coatings by suspension plasma spray (SPS) instead of the original SAPS technique. A denser, more uniform and less defective coating is successfully fabricated on C/C substrate using SPS technique. More important, fewer surface flaws in SPS coating could be observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which shows that the large drawbacks of the coating have disappeared during spraying process. Meanwhile, except for HAp, phase compositions of the SPS coating appear with slight calcium oxide (CaO, 0.8%) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP, 30.7%), and then all CaO as well as TCP phases transform into dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, 60.6%) after microwave-hydrothermal (MH) treatment. Thermal analysis (TG/DSC) reveals that SPS coating (97.51%) has a higher thermal stability than that of the SAPS coating (82.37%). Also, in comparison, the SPS coating after MH treatment (SPS-MH coating) exhibits better thermal properties (92.76%). In addition, compared to the SAPS and SPS coatings, due to the more flaw reduction and phase transformation, SPS-MH coating shows a better biological properties according to the surface microstructure in simulation body fluid (SBF) solution and cell spreading area on coating. The highest corrosion resistance with the current density of 3.9798 × 10-7 A/cm2 and a potential of 0.0419 V is achieved for SPS-MH coating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; General Chemistry (ALGC)-materials Modeling Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Kezhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Frederik Tielens
- General Chemistry (ALGC)-materials Modeling Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Determining the relative importance of titania nanotubes characteristics on bone implant surface performance: A quality by design study with a fuzzy approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:110995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
39
|
Bose S, Ke D, Vu AA, Bandyopadhyay A, Goodman SB. Thermal Oxide Layer Enhances Crystallinity and Mechanical Properties for Plasma-Sprayed Hydroxyapatite Biomedical Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33465-33472. [PMID: 32530603 PMCID: PMC8009493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The stability of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings on metallic implants in vivo remains a significant challenge for load-bearing orthopedic implants despite their excellent mechanical and osteoconductive properties. This study focuses on oxide layer formation on the surface of Ti6Al4V samples through furnace heating at 600, 700, and 800 °C for 10 min for optimization of the most effective oxide layer to increase plasma coating crystallinity and improve plasma coating bond strength with the metal surface. The 800 °C heat treatment shows an effective oxide layer which increases coating crystallinity from 64 to 75% and coating adhesive bond strength from 25.9 ± 2.3 to 30.7 ± 1.1 MPa, while simultaneously reducing the dissolution rate of HA coatings. The addition of biologically relevant dopants, MgO and SiO2, show negligible effects on crystallinity and adhesive bond strength on plasma-sprayed HA coatings and additionally show an enhancement effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, the inclusion of these additivess shows an increase in osteogenesis in a rat distal femur model after 6 and 10 weeks of implantation. Overall, this study provides a direct solution to improve the crystallinity, adhesive bond strength, and osteogenic properties of plasma-sprayed HA coatings on orthopedic implants that is more manufacturable and translational from research to an industrial scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Bose
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Dongxu Ke
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Ashley A Vu
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Amit Bandyopadhyay
- W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine Outpatient Center, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sarkar N, Morton H, Bose S. Effects of vitamin C on osteoblast proliferation and osteosarcoma inhibition using plasma coated hydroxyapatite on titanium implants. SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 2020; 394:125793. [PMID: 32612317 PMCID: PMC7328859 DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HAp) coated titanium (Ti) implants are being extensively used in orthopedic surgeries and post-tumor resection to repair load-bearing segmental bone defects. In this study, vitamin C, an abundantly available natural biomolecule, is loaded onto plasma-sprayed HAp-coated commercially pure titanium (cpTi) surface to evaluate its chemopreventive and osteogenic properties, suggesting its clinical significance as an alternative or adjunct therapy in the treatment for osteosarcoma bone resection. Controlled release of vitamin C from HAp coated cpTi implant is assessed by in vitro drug release study, where Korsmeyer-Peppas model was applied to understand the release kinetics. After 21 days, the implants loaded with 400 and 800 μg of vitamin C showed a cumulative release of 62.7 and 74.1% in acidic microenvironment, whereas, 50.9% and 53.1% of total vitamin C release were observed by the implants loaded with 400 and 800 μg of vitamin C in physiological pH, respectively. To observe the effects of in vitro vitamin C release on osteosarcoma and osteoblast cellular activity, MG-63 (human osteosarcoma) and hFOB (human fetal osteoblast) cells were cultured on the surface of the implant and MTT cell viability assay and FESEM were carried out at 3 and 7 days of culture. Presence of high dosages 25 mM vitamin C shows a statistically significant (p≤0.05) decrease in osteosarcoma cell viability after 3 days, while both 5 mM and 25mM vitamin C reduced cellular viability by 2.5 folds (p≤0.05) compared to the control after 7 days. Interestingly, the presence of vitamin C showed no obvious signs of cytotoxicity towards osteoblast cell-line at day 3 and day 7, as confirmed by the MTT assay. Additionally, the FESEM images depict layers of hFOB cellular morphology on the surface of the implants, suggesting excellent cytocompatibility towards the osteoblast cells. These results suggest that vitamin C loaded HAp coated cpTi implant with improved osteogenic and chemopreventive properties can be considered as a promising reconstructive option to repair the post-tumor resection defects in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Dental implants are frequently used to support fixed or removable dental prostheses to replace missing teeth. The clinical success of titanium dental implants is owed to the exceptional biocompatibility and osseointegration with the bone. Therefore, the enhanced therapeutic effectiveness of dental implants had always been preferred. Several concepts for implant coating and local drug delivery had been developed during the last decades. A drug is generally released by diffusion-controlled, solvent-controlled, and chemical controlled methods. Although a range of surface modifications and coatings (antimicrobial, bioactive, therapeutic drugs) have been explored for dental implants, it is still a long way from designing sophisticated therapeutic implant surfaces to achieve the specific needs of dental patients. The present article reviews various interdisciplinary aspects of surface coatings on dental implants from the perspectives of biomaterials, coatings, drug release, and related therapeutic effects. Additionally, the various types of implant coatings, localized drug release from coatings, and how released agents influence the bone–implant surface interface characteristics are discussed. This paper also highlights several strategies for local drug delivery and their limitations in dental implant coatings as some of these concepts are yet to be applied in clinical settings due to the specific requirements of individual patients.
Collapse
|
42
|
Makha M, Ghailane A, Larhlimi H, Busch H, Alami J. Phosphorus Containing Coatings: Technologies and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Makha
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
| | - Anas Ghailane
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
| | - Hicham Larhlimi
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
| | - Heinz Busch
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
- NTTF coating GmbH Maarweg 30 53619 Rheinbreitbach Germany
| | - Jones Alami
- Materials ScienceEnergy and Nano-engineering DepartmentMohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Bengurir Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Effects of chitosan-loaded hydroxyapatite on osteoblasts and osteosarcoma for chemopreventative applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111041. [PMID: 32600681 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma remains one of the most common malignant primary bone tumors. Post-surgical defect repair combined with tumor suppression remains a major clinical challenge. Investigations of alternative treatments for osteosarcoma, while promising, have led to multi-drug resistance. These constraints of common treatment strategies have triggered the need for new therapeutic candidates in bone cancer treatment. Chitosan, a common biopolymer utilized in bone and tissue engineering applications, has recently been studied as a pro-apoptotic agent in metastatic cell lines like breast cancer, but has not been utilized in bone cancer applications. In this study, chitosan was directly loaded onto HA disks to evaluate its in vitro release and effects on human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) and human osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell lines. It is hypothesized that the sustained release of chitosan will decrease osteosarcoma cell proliferation and enhance proliferation of osteoblast cells. Through morphological characterization and MTT assay analysis, chitosan showed no toxicity to human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells. Chitosan was also shown to decrease human osteosarcoma cell viability by up to 96% compared to control samples. This suggests a pro-apoptotic mechanism against osteosarcoma as well as the potential clinical application of chitosan as a drug candidate in ceramic scaffolds at tumor resected sites.
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
An In Vivo Study in Rat Femurs of Bioactive Silicate Coatings on Titanium Dental Implants. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051290. [PMID: 32365687 PMCID: PMC7288333 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica-based ceramics have been proposed for coating purposes to enhance dental and orthopedic titanium (Ti) implant bioactivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sphene-based bioceramic (CaO.TiO2.SiO2) coatings on implant osseointegration in vivo. Sphene coatings were obtained from preceramic polymers and nano-sized active precursors and deposited by an automatic airbrush. Twenty customized Ti implants, ten sphene-coated and ten uncoated rough implants were implanted into the proximal femurs of ten Sprague-Dawley rats. Overall, cortical and cancellous bone-to-implant contact (BIC) were determined using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) at 14 and 28 days. Moreover, peri-implant bone healing was histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated. The white blood cell count in the synovial fluid of the knee joints, if present, was also assessed. No difference in the BIC values was observed between the sphene-coated and uncoated implants, overall and in the two bone compartments (p > 0.05). Delamination of the coating occurred in three cases. Consistently with micro-CT data, the histological evaluation revealed no differences between the two groups. In addition, no synovial fluid could be collected on the test side, thus confirming sphene biocompatibility. In conclusion, sphene coating was found to be a suitable material for biomedical applications. Further studies are needed to improve coating adhesion to the implants.
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang L, Wang C, Wu S, Fan Y, Li X. Influence of the mechanical properties of biomaterials on degradability, cell behaviors and signaling pathways: current progress and challenges. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2714-2733. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00269k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have clarified the influence of the mechanical properties of biomaterials on degradability and cell response, and also mechanical design targets and approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Animal Origin Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Thin Films Synthesized by RF-Magnetron Sputtering on 3D Printed Cranial Implants. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ti6Al4V cranial prostheses in the form of patterned meshes were 3D printed by selective laser melting in an argon environment; using a CO2 laser source and micron-sized Ti6Al4V powder as the starting material. The size and shape of prostheses were chosen based on actual computer tomography images of patient skull fractures supplied in the framework of a collaboration with a neurosurgery clinic. After optimizations of scanning speed and laser parameters, the printed material was defect-free (as shown by metallographic analyses) and chemically homogeneous, without elemental segregation or depletion. The prostheses were coated by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (RF-MS) with a bioactive thin layer of hydroxyapatite using a bioceramic powder derived from biogenic resources (Bio-HA). Initially amorphous, the films were converted to fully-crystalline form by applying a post-deposition thermal-treatment at 500 °C/1 h in air. The X-ray diffraction structural investigations indicated the phase purity of the deposited films composed solely of a hexagonal hydroxyapatite-like compound. On the other hand, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigations revealed that the biological carbonatation of the bone mineral phase was well-replicated in the case of crystallized Bio-HA RF-MS implant coatings. The in vitro acellular assays, performed in both the fully inorganic Kokubo’s simulated body fluid and the biomimetic organic–inorganic McCoy’s 5A cell culture medium up to 21 days, emphasized both the good resistance to degradation and the biomineralization capacity of the films. Further in vitro tests conducted in SaOs-2 osteoblast-like cells showed a positive proliferation rate on the Bio-HA RF-MS coating along with a good adhesion developed on the biomaterial surface by elongated membrane protrusions.
Collapse
|
48
|
Pires LA, de Azevedo Silva LJ, Ferrairo BM, Erbereli R, Lovo JFP, Ponce Gomes O, Rubo JH, Lisboa-Filho PN, Griggs JA, Fortulan CA, Borges AFS. Effects of ZnO/TiO 2 nanoparticle and TiO 2 nanotube additions to dense polycrystalline hydroxyapatite bioceramic from bovine bones. Dent Mater 2019; 36:e38-e46. [PMID: 31806496 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A bovine dense hydroxyapatite ceramic (HA) was produced as new biomaterial, however, the production of a material with consistently high flexural strength remains challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZnO nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, and TiO2 nanotubes (1%, 2%, and 5% by weight) on the microstructure and flexural strength of a bovine dense hydroxyapatite ceramic (HA). METHODS Discs (Ø=12.5mm; thickness=1.3mm) were prepared and subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), and observation with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), biaxial flexural strength (BFS) testing, and Vickers hardness (VH) testing. The BFS and VH data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=0.05) and Weibull analysis. RESULTS The XRD showed that the addition of nanomaterials caused the formation of a secondary phase when 5% of the ZnO nanoparticles was used, or when all percentages of the TiO2 nanoparticles/nanotubes were used, and the HA crystallographic planes were maintained. Differences were not observed between the higher BFS values obtained with pure HA and those obtained with the 5% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles. However, the results were different compared with the other groups (α=0.05). The results obtained by Weibull analysis revealed that the 1%, 2%, and 5% addition of TiO2 nanotubes, and the 1% and 2% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles decreased the HA characteristic strength (σ0), while the Weibull modulus (m) increased when 5% of TiO2 nanoparticles, 1% and 2% of ZnO nanoparticles, and 2% of TiO2 nanoparticles were added, but with no statistical difference from the pure HA. The 5% addition of ZnO2 nanoparticles decreased the σ0 without changing m. Moreover, the 5% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in an m closest to that of pure HA. Regarding the VH results, the blend of HA with 1% and 2% addition of TiO2 nanoparticles exhibited the higher values, which were similar between the different addition ratios (p=0.102). Moreover, the addition of 5% TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in higher value compared with pure HA. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that the HA blend with 5% of TiO2 nanoparticles has the greatest potential as a bovine HA dense bioceramic reinforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luara Aline Pires
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas José de Azevedo Silva
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Brunna Mota Ferrairo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rogério Erbereli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, Centro, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - João Fiore Parreira Lovo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, Centro, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Orisson Ponce Gomes
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, s/n, Vargem Limpa, 17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - José Henrique Rubo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, s/n, Vargem Limpa, 17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jason Alan Griggs
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Room D528, 39216-4505 Jackson, MS, United States.
| | - Carlos Alberto Fortulan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, Centro, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Vila Universitária, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Brunello G, Elsayed H, Biasetto L. Bioactive Glass and Silicate-Based Ceramic Coatings on Metallic Implants: Open Challenge or Outdated Topic? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2929. [PMID: 31510062 PMCID: PMC6766230 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The overall success and long-term life of the medical implants are decisively based on the convenient osseointegration at the hosting tissue-implant interface. Therefore, various surface modifications and different coating approaches have been utilized to the implants to enhance the bone formation and speed up the interaction with the surrounding hosting tissues, thereby enabling the successful fixation of implants. In this review, we will briefly present the main metallic implants and discuss their biocompatibility and osseointegration ability depending on their chemical and mechanical properties. In addition, as the main goal of this review, we explore the main properties of bioactive glasses and silica-based ceramics that are used as coating materials for both orthopedic and dental implants. The current review provides an overview of these bioactive coatings, with a particular emphasis on deposition methods, coating adhesion to the substrates and apatite formation ability tested by immersion in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). In vitro and in vivo performances in terms of biocompatibility, biodegradability and improved osseointegration are examined as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brunello
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Stradella San Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy.
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Dentistry, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Hamada Elsayed
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Ceramics Department, National Research Centre, El-Bohous Street, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Lisa Biasetto
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Stradella San Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ansar EB, Ravikumar K, Suresh Babu S, Fernandez FB, Komath M, Basu B, Harikrishna Varma PR. Inducing apatite pre-layer on titanium surface through hydrothermal processing for osseointegration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110019. [PMID: 31546429 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available titanium (Ti) having high mechanical strength and a low area of cross-section can be adequately exploited for minimally invasive dental implantation. Current directions in clinical dental implant therapy focus on endosseous dental implant surfaces with nanoscale topographies using easy and economical processing approaches. The present study describes the generation of a novel nanolayer nucleating agent on the surface of Ti implant for early endosseous after implantation. The strategy is to modify the surface of Ti implant using Ca(OH)2 via hydrothermal technique (Ti-HT). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of chemically bonded Ca ions on the Ti surface in the form of CaTiO3. In vitro studies are carried out to confirm the bone bonding ability of calcium enriched Ti surface. The apatite deposition on the surface after exposure to SBF for 7 days is confirmed via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The cell viability of Ti-HT was evaluated using direct contact method and MTT assay. The potential of Ca2+ ion on Ti surface via hydrothermal pre-treatment to enhance osseointegration of Ti has been proposed for achieving early stability for dental implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Ansar
- Division of Bioceramics, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, 695012, India; Department of Chemistry, M.E.S Asmabi College, P. Vemballur, Kodungallur 680671, India
| | - K Ravikumar
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - S Suresh Babu
- Division of Bioceramics, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, 695012, India
| | - F B Fernandez
- Division of Bioceramics, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, 695012, India
| | - Manoj Komath
- Division of Bioceramics, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, 695012, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - P R Harikrishna Varma
- Division of Bioceramics, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, 695012, India.
| |
Collapse
|