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Wu C, Guo X, Zheng W, Sun R, Chen L, Shen Y, Chen M, Song Y, Mao R, Chen X, Fan Y. N4BP1 regulates keratinocytes development and plays protective role in burn- and adhesive-related skin injury via MMP9. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110850. [PMID: 37579928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have demonstrated critical roles of Regnase-1 in skin inflammation; however the role of N4BP1, a member of Regnase-1 family, in skin is largely unexplored. Here, we found that N4BP1 was highly expressed in skin and its expression was further increased upon skin injury. Compared to wildtype mice, N4BP1 deficient mice showed severe skin injury upon tape-stripping and burns. Overexpression of N4BP1 in HaCaT cells caused more cuboidal with higher cell-to-cell packing, while reduced expression of N4BP1 made cells become more spindle shaped and loosely packed. Overexpression of N4BP1 promoted cell migration, while silence of N4BP1 reduced migration. N4BP1 deficient HaCaT cells were more sensitive to heats compared to control cells. RNA profiling in N4BP1 genetically modified cells demonstrated that N4BP1 broadly affects cellular behaviors such as epithelium development. RNA profiling, RT-PCR verification, WB analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation demonstrated that MMP9 was one of N4BP1 targets that significantly increased in N4BP1 deficient HaCaT cells and skin tissues. Collectively, our results demonstrate a protective role of N4BP1 in skin injury through broadly affecting cellular behaviors of keratinocytes. Furthermore, we identified MMP9 is a target of N4BP1 in keratinocytes. Our findings provide new insight to understand how N4BP1 protects skin under injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyue Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Liuting Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, the third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yihua Song
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Renfang Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yihui Fan
- Laboratory of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Song X, Zheng Z, Ouyang S, Chen H, Sun M, Lin P, Chen Y, You Y, Hao W, Tao J, Zhao P. Biomimetic Epigallocatechin Gallate-Cerium Assemblies for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37399544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that is so far incurable with long-term health risks. The high doses and frequent administration for the available RA drug always lead to adverse side effects. Aiming at the obstacles to achieving effective RA treatment, we prepared macrophage cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles (M-EC), which were assembled from epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and cerium(IV) ions. Due to its geometrical similarity to the active metal sites of a natural antioxidant enzyme, the EC possessed a high scavenge efficiency to various types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The macrophage cell membrane assisted M-EC in escaping from the immune system, being uptaken by inflammatory cells, and specifically binding IL-1β. After tail vein injection to the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, the M-EC accumulated at inflamed joints and effectively repaired the bone erosion and cartilage damage of rheumatoid arthritis by relieving synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion. It is expected that the M-EC can not only pave a new way for designing metal-phenolic networks with better biological activity but also provide a more biocompatible therapeutic strategy for effective treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Song
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sixue Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mingyan Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Peiru Lin
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuanyuan You
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenwen Hao
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jia Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Markiewicz A, Sigorski D, Markiewicz M, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Placek W. Caspase-14-From Biomolecular Basics to Clinical Approach. A Review of Available Data. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5575. [PMID: 34070382 PMCID: PMC8197544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase-14 is a unique member of the caspase family-a family of molecules participating in apoptosis. However, it does not affect this process but regulates another form of programmed cell death-cornification, which is characteristic of the epidermis. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the formation of the skin barrier. The cell death cycle has been a subject of interest for researchers for decades, so a lot of research has been done to expand the understanding of caspase-14, its role in cell homeostasis and processes affecting its expression and activation. Conversely, it is also an interesting target for clinical researchers searching for its role in the physiology of healthy individuals and its pathophysiology in particular diseases. A summary was done in 2008 by Denecker et al., concentrating mostly on the biotechnological aspects of the molecule and its physiological role. However, a lot of new data have been reported, and some more practical and clinical research has been conducted since then. The majority of studies tackled the issue of clinical data presenting the role of caspase in the etiopathology of many diseases such as retinal dysfunctions, multiple malignancies, and skin conditions. This review summarizes the available knowledge on the molecular and, more interestingly, the clinical aspects of caspase-14. It also presents how theoretical science may pave the way for medical research. Methods: The authors analyzed publications available on PubMed until 21 March 2021, using the search term "caspase 14".
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Markiewicz
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.-S.); (W.P.)
| | - Dawid Sigorski
- Department of Oncology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-228 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Markiewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.-S.); (W.P.)
| | - Waldemar Placek
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-229 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.O.-S.); (W.P.)
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The Major Constituent of Green Tea, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), Inhibits the Growth of HPV18-Infected Keratinocytes by Stimulating Proteasomal Turnover of the E6 and E7 Oncoproteins. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040459. [PMID: 33920477 PMCID: PMC8069595 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the primary bioactive polyphenol in green tea, has been shown to inhibit the growth of human papilloma virus (HPV)-transformed keratinocytes. Here, we set out to examine the consequences of EGCG treatment on the growth of HPV18-immortalised foreskin keratinocytes (HFK-HPV18) and an authentic HPV18-positive vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) clone, focusing on its ability to influence cell proliferation and differentiation and to impact on viral oncogene expression and virus replication. EGCG treatment was associated with degradation of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins and an upregulation of their associated tumour suppressor genes; consequently, keratinocyte proliferation was inhibited in both monolayer and organotypic raft culture. While EGCG exerted a profound effect on cell proliferation, it had little impact on keratinocyte differentiation. Expression of the late viral protein E4 was suppressed in the presence of EGCG, suggesting that EGCG was able to block productive viral replication in differentiating keratinocytes. Although EGCG did not alter the levels of E6 and E7 mRNA, it enhanced the turnover of the E6 and E7 proteins. The addition of MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, to EGCG-treated keratinocytes led to the accumulation of the E6/E7 proteins, showing that EGCG acts as an anti-viral, targeting the E6 and E7 proteins for proteasome-mediated degradation.
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Lecci RM, D’Antuono I, Cardinali A, Garbetta A, Linsalata V, Logrieco AF, Leone A. Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Capacities as Mechanisms of Photoprotection of Olive Polyphenols on UVA-Damaged Human Keratinocytes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082153. [PMID: 33917980 PMCID: PMC8068360 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of polyphenols are reported to have considerable antioxidant and skin photoprotective effects, although the mechanisms of action are not fully known. Environmentally friendly and inexpensive sources of natural bioactive compounds, such as olive mill wastewater (OMWW), the by-product of olive-oil processing, can be considered an economic source of bioactive polyphenols, with a range of biological activities, useful as chemotherapeutic or cosmeceutical agents. Green strategies, such as the process based on membrane technologies, allow to recover active polyphenols from this complex matrix. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant, pro-oxidant, and photoprotective effects, including the underlying action mechanism(s), of the ultra-filtered (UF) OMWW fractions, in order to substantiate their use as natural cosmeceutical ingredient. Six chemically characterized UF-OMWW fractions, from Italian and Greek olive cultivar processing, were investigated for their antioxidant activities, measured by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC), LDL oxidation inhibition, and ROS-quenching ability in UVA-irradiated HEKa (Human Epidermal Keratinocytes adult) cultures. The photoprotective properties of UF-OMWW were assayed as a pro-oxidant-mediated pro-apoptotic effect on the UVA-damaged HEKa cells, which can be potentially involved in the carcinogenesis process. All the UF-OMWW fractions exerted an effective antioxidant activity in vitro and in cells when administered together with UV-radiation on HEKa. A pro-oxidative and pro-apoptotic effect on the UVA-damaged HEKa cells were observed, suggesting some protective actions of polyphenol fraction on keratinocyte cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Marina Lecci
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Isabella D’Antuono
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Angela Cardinali
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-5929303 (A.C.); +39-0832-422615 (A.L.); Fax: +39-0832-422620 (A.L.)
| | - Antonella Garbetta
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Vito Linsalata
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- National Research Council, Institute of Science of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Bari), Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (I.D.); (A.G.); (V.L.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Antonella Leone
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, (CNR-ISPA, Lecce), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-5929303 (A.C.); +39-0832-422615 (A.L.); Fax: +39-0832-422620 (A.L.)
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Gagliardi S, Morasso C, Stivaktakis P, Pandini C, Tinelli V, Tsatsakis A, Prosperi D, Hickey M, Corsi F, Cereda C. Curcumin Formulations and Trials: What's New in Neurological Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225389. [PMID: 33217959 PMCID: PMC7698610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin’s pharmacological properties and its possible benefits for neurological diseases and dementia have been much debated. In vitro experiments show that curcumin modulates several key physiological pathways of importance for neurology. However, in vivo studies have not always matched expectations. Thus, improved formulations of curcumin are emerging as powerful tools in overcoming the bioavailability and stability limitations of curcumin. New studies in animal models and recent double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials using some of these new formulations are finally beginning to show that curcumin could be used for the treatment of cognitive decline. Ultimately, this work could ease the burden caused by a group of diseases that are becoming a global emergency because of the unprecedented growth in the number of people aged 65 and over worldwide. In this review, we discuss curcumin’s main mechanisms of action and also data from in vivo experiments on the effects of curcumin on cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gagliardi
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Morasso
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (V.T.); (D.P.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Cecilia Pandini
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Veronica Tinelli
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (V.T.); (D.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Medical School, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (P.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Davide Prosperi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (V.T.); (D.P.); (F.C.)
- NanoBioLab, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Miriam Hickey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | - Fabio Corsi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.M.); (V.T.); (D.P.); (F.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (S.G.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382380348
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Abstract
Objectives: The beneficial effects of many substances have been discovered because of regular dietary consumption. This is also the case with curcumin, whose effects have been known for more than 4,000 years in Eastern countries such as China and India. A curcumin-rich diet has been known to counteract many human diseases, including cancer and diabetes, and has been shown to reduce inflammation. The effect of a curcumin treatment for neurological diseases, such as spinal muscular atrophy; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; multiple sclerosis; and others, has only recently been brought to the attention of researchers and the wider population.Methods: In this paper, we summarise the studies on this natural product, from its isolation two centuries ago to its characterisation a century later.Results: We describe its role in the treatment of neurological diseases, including its cellular and common molecular mechanisms, and we report on the clinical trials of curcumin with healthy people and patients.Discussion: Commenting on the different approaches adopted by the efforts made to increase its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Adami
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
The current chapter highlights the use of chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken egg for the characterization of nanoparticles applied in cancer nanomedicine. The CAM assay represents a promising alternative to mouse models in term of costs, ease of use, rapidity and ethical issues in particular for the screening of nanoformulations. Hence, the features of nanoparticles including blood retention, biocompatibility, active targeting or tumor accumulation, angiogenic activity, drug delivery and tumor elimination might be simply evaluated via the CAM model. In particular, in this model, embryo organs and morphology, CAM vasculature and blood cells, transplanted tumors on CAM were typically monitored and used for the evaluation of the nanomaterials. With the above advantages, the CAM assay, as highly valuable in vivo model, could be used regularly in pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontaree Grace Intasa-Ard
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, Thailand; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences-Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology Research Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Albane Birault
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Saghafi T, Taheri RA, Parkkila S, Emameh RZ. Phytochemicals as Modulators of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Inhibitors of Cancer-Related Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2939. [PMID: 31208095 PMCID: PMC6627131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are classified as a group of transcripts which regulate various biological processes, such as RNA processing, epigenetic control, and signaling pathways. According to recent studies, lncRNAs are dysregulated in cancer and play an important role in cancer incidence and spreading. There is also an association between lncRNAs and the overexpression of some tumor-associated proteins, including carbonic anhydrases II, IX, and XII (CA II, CA IX, and CA XII). Therefore, not only CA inhibition, but also lncRNA modulation, could represent an attractive strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. Experimental studies have suggested that herbal compounds regulate the expression of many lncRNAs involved in cancer, such as HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA), H19, MALAT1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1), PCGEM1 (Prostate cancer gene expression marker 1), PVT1, etc. These plant-derived drugs or phytochemicals include resveratrol, curcumin, genistein, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-galate, camptothcin, and 3,3'-diindolylmethane. More comprehensive information about lncRNA modulation via phytochemicals would be helpful for the administration of new herbal derivatives in cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the state-of-the-art and potential of phytochemicals as modulators of lncRNAs in different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Saghafi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramezan Ali Taheri
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box 14965/161 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Laboratories Ltd. and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran.
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Apoptotic or Antiproliferative Activity of Natural Products against Keratinocytes for the Treatment of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102558. [PMID: 31137673 PMCID: PMC6566887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products or herbs can be used as an effective therapy for treating psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disease that involves keratinocyte overproliferation. It has been demonstrated that phytomedicine, which is used for psoriasis patients, provides some advantages, including natural sources, a lower risk of adverse effects, and the avoidance of dissatisfaction with conventional therapy. The herbal products’ structural diversity and multiple mechanisms of action have enabled the synergistic activity to mitigate psoriasis. In recent years, the concept of using natural products as antiproliferative agents in psoriasis treatment has attracted increasing attention in basic and clinical investigations. This review highlights the development of an apoptotic or antiproliferatic strategy for natural-product management in the treatment of psoriasis. We systematically introduce the concepts and molecular mechanisms of keratinocyte-proliferation inhibition by crude extracts or natural compounds that were isolated from natural resources, especially plants. Most of these studies focus on evaluation through an in vitro keratinocyte model and an in vivo psoriasis-like animal model. Topical delivery is the major route for the in vivo or clinical administration of these natural products. The potential use of antiproliferative phytomedicine on hyperproliferative keratinocytes suggests a way forward for generating advances in the field of psoriasis therapy.
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Gulias-Cañizo R, Lagunes-Guillén A, González-Robles A, Sánchez-Guzmán E, Castro-Muñozledo F. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, reduces corneal damage secondary from experimental grade II alkali burns in mice. Burns 2018; 45:398-412. [PMID: 30600126 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since recent reports have shown that (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could be used for treating proliferative and inflammatory disorders, we explored its use for the management of corneal chemical burns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, EGCG was assayed on the rabbit corneal epithelial cell line RCE1(5T5) to establish the best testing conditions, and to avoid unwanted outcomes in the experimental animals. Then, we studied its effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and cell differentiation. Afterwards, we instilled EGCG in experimental grade II corneal alkali burns in mice, three times a day up to 21days, and evaluated by slit lamp examination and histological sections of corneal epithelial, corneal endothelial and stromal edema, as well as the presence of inflammatory cells and neovascularization. RESULTS EGCG reduced cell growth and led to a decline in the proportion of proliferative cells in a concentration dependent manner. At 10μM, EGCG promoted cell differentiation, an effect not related with apoptosis or cytotoxicity. When 10μM EGCG was instilled in corneal alkali burns in mice three times a day up to 21days, EGCG significantly reduced corneal opacity and neovascularization. The improved clinical appearance of the cornea was associated to a controlled epithelial growth; epithelial morphology was similar to that observed in normal epithelium and contrasted with the hyperproliferative, desquamating epithelium observed in control burn wounds. EGCG reduced corneal, stromal and endothelial edema, and wound inflammation. CONCLUSION This work constitutes the first evidence for the use of EGCG in the acute phase of a corneal alkali burn, representing a possible novel alternative to improve patient outcomes as an add-on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Gulias-Cañizo
- Hospital "Luis Sánchez Bulnes" de la Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en, México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN. Apdo. Postal 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | - Anell Lagunes-Guillén
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN. Apdo. Postal 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | - Arturo González-Robles
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN. Apdo. Postal 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
| | - Erika Sánchez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN. Apdo. Postal 14-740, México D.F. 07000, México
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Sinha A, P. K. S. Enhanced Induction of Apoptosis in HaCaT Cells by Luteolin Encapsulated in PEGylated Liposomes—Role of Caspase-3/Caspase-14. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 188:147-164. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Chamcheu JC, Siddiqui IA, Adhami VM, Esnault S, Bharali DJ, Babatunde AS, Adame S, Massey RJ, Wood GS, Longley BJ, Mousa SA, Mukhtar H. Chitosan-based nanoformulated (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) modulates human keratinocyte-induced responses and alleviates imiquimod-induced murine psoriasiform dermatitis. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4189-4206. [PMID: 30057446 PMCID: PMC6059258 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s165966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a chronic and currently incurable inflammatory skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation, aberrant differentiation, and inflammation, leading to disrupted skin barrier function. The use of natural agents that can abrogate these effects could be useful for the treatment of psoriasis. Earlier studies have shown that treatment of keratinocytes and mouse skin with the green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) mitigated inflammation and increased the expression of caspase-14 while promoting epidermal differentiation and cornification. However, bioavailability issues have restricted the development of EGCG for the treatment of psoriasis. Materials and methods To overcome these limitations, we employed a chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticle formulation of EGCG (CHI-EGCG-NPs, hereafter termed nanoEGCG) suitable for topical delivery for treating psoriasis. We investigated and compared the efficacy of nanoEGCG versus native or free EGCG in vitro and in an in vivo imiquimod (IMQ)-induced murine psoriasis-like dermatitis model. The in vivo relevance and efficacy of nanoEGCG formulation (48 µg/mouse) were assessed in an IMQ-induced mouse psoriasis-like skin lesion model compared to free EGCG (1 mg/mouse). Results Like free EGCG, nanoEGCG treatment induced differentiation, and decreased proliferation and inflammatory responses in cultured keratinocytes, but with a 4-fold dose advantage. Topically applied nanoEGCG elicited a significant (p<0.01) amelioration of psoriasiform pathological markers in IMQ-induced mouse skin lesions, including reductions in ear and skin thickness, erythema and scales, proliferation (Ki-67), infiltratory immune cells (mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and CD4+ T cells), and angiogenesis (CD31). We also observed increases in the protein expression of caspase-14, early (keratin-10) and late (filaggrin and loricrin) markers of differentiation, and the activator protein-1 factor (JunB). Importantly, a significant modulation of several psoriasis-related inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was observed compared to the high dose of free EGCG (p<0.05). Taken together, topically applied nanoEGCG displayed a >20-fold dose advantage over free EGCG. Conclusion Based on these observations, our nanoEGCG formulation represents a promising drug-delivery strategy for treating psoriasis and possibly other inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, .,School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA,
| | - Imtiaz A Siddiqui
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,
| | - Vaqar M Adhami
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dhruba J Bharali
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Abiola S Babatunde
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, .,Department of Hematology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Stephanie Adame
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,
| | - Randall J Massey
- Electron Microscope Facility, Medical School Research Support Programs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gary S Wood
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,
| | - B Jack Longley
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA,
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The Role of Curcumin in Prevention and Management of Metastatic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061716. [PMID: 29890744 PMCID: PMC6032261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, targeted therapies have enhanced tumor patient care and treatment success, however, metastatic growth still cannot be stopped efficiently and, therefore, mortality rates remain high. Prevention strategies against formation of metastases are the most promising approach we have, however, due to lack of clinical validation studies, they have not yet entered routine clinical care. In order to smooth the way for efficient prevention, further preclinical and large clinical studies are required. In this context, the underlying molecular mechanisms and factors that lead to metastatic growth have to be explored, and potential preventive agents have to be tested. Thereby, special attention has to be paid to natural bioactive compounds which do not exert major adverse effects, like the plant-derived polyphenol Curcumin, which is known to be a powerful antitumor agent. So far, most of the preclinical studies with Curcumin have focused on its effect on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and invasion, although, it is known that it also inhibits metastatic spread in vivo. This review discusses the preventive potential of this natural compound not only against tumor onset, but also against formation of metastases.
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Liu J, Chen Z, Wang J, Li R, Li T, Chang M, Yan F, Wang Y. Encapsulation of Curcumin Nanoparticles with MMP9-Responsive and Thermos-Sensitive Hydrogel Improves Diabetic Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:16315-16326. [PMID: 29687718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing in diabetics usually leads to life-threatening complications. To develop a system for fastening skin wound healing efficiently and safely in diabetics, thermos-sensitive hydrogel containing the nanodrug, loaded in the form of gelatin microspheres (GMs), was designed to deliver curcumin (Cur) as a therapeutic drug. Cur is a naturally existing polyphenolic compound with a broad range of biological functions useful for potential therapies. Because Cur molecule has weakness in both bioavailability and in vivo stability, delivery of Cur requires assistance from other molecules to act as carrier vehicles in a sustained manner for therapeutic use. At first, self-assembly of Cur nanoparticles (CNPs) was done to improve bioavailability. The CNPs were further enclosed into GMs for responding to the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that usually overexpress at diabetic nonhealing wound sites. The GMs containing CNPs were loaded into the thermos-sensitive hydrogel and were finally proved for the capacity of specially induced drug release at the wound bed, which promoted the efficacy in healing the standardized skin wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Our results indicated that the successfully developed CNP delivery system had the capacity to significantly promote skin wound healing, which suggested that it could have the potential to become a wound dressing with the properties of antioxidants and promotions of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Tissue Engineering Lab , Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Tissue Engineering Lab , Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Jie Wang
- Tissue Engineering Lab , Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Ruihong Li
- Tissue Engineering Lab , Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Tingting Li
- Tissue Engineering Lab , Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Mingyang Chang
- Tissue Engineering Lab , Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Fang Yan
- Tissue Engineering Lab , Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing 100850 , China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Tissue Engineering Lab , Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine , Beijing 100850 , China
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Cytoprotective Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG)-5'-O-α-Glucopyranoside, a Novel EGCG Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051466. [PMID: 29762498 PMCID: PMC5983637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a well-studied polyphenol with antioxidant effects. Since EGCG has low solubility and stability, many researchers have modified EGCG residues to ameliorate these problems. A novel EGCG derivative, EGCG-5′-O-α-glucopyranoside (EGCG-5′Glu), was synthesized, and its characteristics were investigated. EGCG-5′Glu showed antioxidant effects in cell and cell-free systems. Under SNP-derived radical exposure, EGCG-5′Glu decreased nitric oxide (NO) production, and recovered ROS-mediated cell viability. Moreover, EGCG-5′Glu regulated apoptotic pathways (caspases) and cell survival molecules (phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1)). In another radical-induced condition, ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation, EGCG-5′Glu protected cells from UVB and regulated the PI3K/PDK1/AKT pathway. Next, the proliferative effect of EGCG-5′Glu was examined. EGCG-5′Glu increased cell proliferation by modulating nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. EGCG-5′Glu protects and repairs cells from external damage via its antioxidant effects. These results suggest that EGCG-5′Glu could be used as a cosmetics ingredient or dietary supplement.
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Kim E, Hwang K, Lee J, Han SY, Kim EM, Park J, Cho JY. Skin Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E173. [PMID: 29316635 PMCID: PMC5796122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin and an abundant polyphenol in green tea. Although several papers have evaluated EGCG as a cosmetic constituent, the skin hydration effect of EGCG is poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanism by which EGCG promotes skin hydration by measuring hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) and hyaluronidase (HYAL) gene expression and antioxidant and anti-pigmentation properties using cell proliferation assay, Western blotting analysis, luciferase assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. RT-PCR showed that EGCG increased the expression of natural moisturizing factor-related genes filaggrin (FLG), transglutaminase-1, HAS-1, and HAS-2. Under UVB irradiation conditions, the expression level of HYAL was decreased in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, we confirmed the antioxidant activity of EGCG and also showed a preventive effect against radical-evoked apoptosis by downregulation of caspase-8 and -3 in HaCaT cells. EGCG reduced melanin secretion and production in melanoma cells. Together, these results suggest that EGCG might be used as a cosmetic ingredient with positive effects on skin hydration, moisture retention, and wrinkle formation, in addition to radical scavenging activity and reduction of melanin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Kyeonghwan Hwang
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin 17074, Korea.
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin 17074, Korea.
| | - Junseong Park
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific Research and Development Unit, Yongin 17074, Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.
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Wu W, Zu Y, Wang L, Wang L, Wang H, Li Y, Wu M, Zhao X, Fu Y. Preparation, characterization and antitumor activity evaluation of apigenin nanoparticles by the liquid antisolvent precipitation technique. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1713-1720. [PMID: 29115900 PMCID: PMC8241174 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1399302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to apply the liquid antisolvent precipitation (LAP) method for preparing the apigenin nanoparticles and thereby improving the solubility and bioavailability of apigenin. The different experimental parameters on particle size were optimized through central composite design (CCD) using the Design-Expert® software. Under the optimum conditions, the particle size of the apigenin nanosuspension was about 159.2 nm. In order to get apigenin nanoparticles, the freeze-drying method was selected and the mannitol was used as a cryoprotectant. Then the solid state properties of the apigenin nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric (TG), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results obtained displayed that the apigenin nanoparticles exhibited near-spherical shape and could be transformed into an amorphous form. In addition, the dissolving test, the bioavailability in rats, and the antitumor activity were also studied. The experimental results showed that the solubility of the apigenin nanoparticles were about 29.61 times and 64.81 times of raw apigenin in artificial gastric juice and in artificial intestinal juice, respectively, and the apigenin nanoparticles showed higher dissolution rates compared to raw apigenin, and was about 6.08 times and 6.14 times than that of raw apigenin in artificial gastric juice and in artificial intestinal juice. The oral bioavailability of apigenin nanoparticles was about 4.96 times higher than that of the raw apigenin, but the apigenin nanoparticles had no toxic effect on the organs of rats. In addition, the apigenin nanoparticles had a higher inhibition to HepG2 cells by lower IC50 than that of raw apigenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration in Oil Field (SAVER), Ministry of Education, Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center (ASNESC), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuangang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Mingfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
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Chu YW, Liu ST, Yang YL, Huang SM, Wang WM. The cytotoxic mechanism of epigallocatechin gallate on proliferative HaCaT keratinocytes. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:55. [PMID: 28810862 PMCID: PMC5556358 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the major ingredient of sinecatechins ointment, approved for the treatment of external genital and perianal warts. However, the molecular mechanism for EGCG's effect on warts resulting from the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of keratinocytes is not well understood. HPV may survive in proliferative keratinocytes and may be involved in cell cycle regulation and progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying EGCG's treatment on external genital warts of HPV infection through the cultured keratinocyte cells from the HaCaT cell line. METHODS MTT and flow cytometry assays were used to measure cell viability and the cell cycle profile, with and without EGCG treatment, for HaCaT keratinocyte cells cultured in a calcium-free medium and 1.8 mM calcium which induced proliferative and differentiated keratinocytes, respectively, for 24 h. The expression levels of cytotoxic proteins and factors were evaluated with the RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. RESULTS EGCG influenced the proliferation stage but not the differentiation stage of keratinocytes. We suggest that apoptosis and autophagy might be the possible mechanism for the EGCG's effect on the proliferative HaCaT cells. Furthermore, we found that EGCG reduced the protein levels of cyclin D1 and Zac1 (a zinc-finger protein which regulates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest 1) dose-dependently in proliferative as compared to differentiated keratinocytes. It also induced the expression of p21 and DEC1 (differentiated embryo-chondrocyte expressed gene 1), and promoted G1 arrest of cell cycle in proliferative keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results help clarify the mechanisms of EGCG treatment of HPV-infected keratinocytes and may contribute to new targets, such as Zac1 and DEC1 for external genital and perianal warts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pharmacy, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Lan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Dermatology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Sharma M, Sahu K, Singh SP, Jain B. Wound healing activity of curcumin conjugated to hyaluronic acid: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1009-1017. [PMID: 28754055 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1358731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a promising wound healing agent but its clinical application is limited due to hydrophobicity and lack of stability. In this article, we report the results of a study on wound healing efficacy of curcumin conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) which is a natural polysaccharide known to influence the healing process. Studies on proliferation, antioxidant activity and scratch wound healing carried out in human keratinocyte cells revealed that HA-conjugated curcumin treatment enhanced cell proliferation, decreased oxidative damage induced by H2O2 and also improved migration of cells in scratch wounds as compared to treatment with native curcumin. HA conjugated curcumin exhibited bactericidal activity in dark and phototoxicity when irradiated with blue light against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Furthermore, wound healing efficacy studied in diabetic mice demonstrated that topical application of the conjugate on wounds led to better healing as compared to treatment with HA-free curcumin and HA alone. These results suggest that HA conjugation is a promising formulation of curcumin for enhancing its healing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Sharma
- a Laser Biomedical Applications Section , Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology , Indore , India
| | - Khageswar Sahu
- a Laser Biomedical Applications Section , Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology , Indore , India
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- a Laser Biomedical Applications Section , Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology , Indore , India
| | - Beena Jain
- a Laser Biomedical Applications Section , Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology , Indore , India
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Abstract
Keratin 24 (K24) is a new kind of keratin genes, which encodes a novel keratin protein, K24 that bears high similarity to the type I keratins and displays a unique expression profile. However, the role of K24 is incompletely understood. In our study, we investigated the localization of K24 within the epidermis and possible functions. Keratin 24 was found to be modestly overexpressed in senescent keratinocytes and was mainly restricted to the upper stratum spinosum of epidermis. The protein was required for terminal differentiation upon CaCl2-induced differentiation. In vitro results showed that increased K24 in keratinocytes dramatically changed the differentiation of primary keratinocytes. It also inhibited cell survival by G1/S phase cell cycle arrest and induced senescence, autophagy and apoptosis of keratinocytes. In addition, K24 activated PKCδ signal pathway involving in cellular survival. In summary, K24 may be suggested as a potential differentiation marker and anti-proliferative factor in the epidermis.
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Ye N, Wang B, Quan ZF, Cao SJ, Wen XT, Huang Y, Huang XB, Wu R, Ma XP, Yan QG. Functional roles of long non-coding RNA in human breast cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:5993-7. [PMID: 25124562 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.5993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) changes our view of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. With application of new research techniques such as high-throughput sequencing, the biological functions of LncRNAs are gradually becoming to be understood. Multiple studies have shown that LncRNAs serve as carcinogenic factors or tumor suppressors in breast cancer with abnormal expression, prompts the question of whether they have potential value in predicting the stages and survival rate of breast cancer patients, and also as therapeutic targets. Focusing on the latest research data, this review mainly summarizes the tumorigenic mechanisms of certain LncRNAs in breast cancer, in order to provide a theoretical basis for finding safer, more effective treatment of breast cancer at the LncRNA molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan, China E-mail :
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Ali F, Rahul, Naz F, Jyoti S, Siddique YH. Health functionality of apigenin: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Khoogar R, Kim BC, Morris J, Wargovich MJ. Chemoprevention in gastrointestinal physiology and disease. Targeting the progression of cancer with natural products: a focus on gastrointestinal cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G629-44. [PMID: 26893159 PMCID: PMC4867331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00201.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed remarkable progress in the utilization of natural products for the prevention and treatment of human cancer. Many agents now in the pipeline for clinical trial testing have evolved from our understanding of how human nutritional patterns account for widespread differences in cancer risk. In this review, we have focused on many of these promising agents arguing that they may provide a new strategy for cancer control: natural products once thought to be only preventive in their mode of action now are being explored for efficacy in tandem with cancer therapeutics. Natural products may reduce off-target toxicity of therapeutics while making cancers more amenable to therapy. On the horizon is the use of certain natural products, in their own right, as mitigants of late-stage cancer, a new frontier for small-molecule natural product drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Khoogar
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Byung-Chang Kim
- 2Center for Colorectal Center, Center for Cancer Prevention and Detection, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Ilsan-ro, Illsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jay Morris
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Michael J. Wargovich
- 1Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
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Low AS, Tan M, Garcia A, Aw M, Quak SH. Childhood autoimmune hepatitis in a paediatric unit of a tertiary care hospital. Singapore Med J 2015; 55:648-51. [PMID: 25630319 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2014179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although childhood autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been extensively investigated in the West, data on AIH in the East is lacking. We aimed to investigate AIH's clinical, biochemical and histological features, as well as its outcomes, in one of Singapore's two major paediatric units. METHODS This was a retrospective study of children diagnosed with AIH in the paediatric unit of National University Hospital, Singapore, over the last 12 years. Children with de novo AIH after liver transplantation were excluded. The demographic and clinical features of the patients, and their laboratory, treatment and clinical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS This study comprised ten patients (six females, four males), with a median age of 5.1 (range 2.1-13.8) years at diagnosis. Five patients had inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Seven patients had type 1 AIH, and three had autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC) and IBD; none had type 2 AIH. The median level of aspartate aminotransferase at diagnosis was 183 (range 45-2,649) U/L. Prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day was prescribed at diagnosis for eight patients. Two patients were lost to follow-up and were treated symptomatically when they re-presented with end-stage liver disease. Azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil was prescribed after 3-7 months of treatment. Normalisation of aminotransferase levels took an average of 5.3 (range 1-39) months. CONCLUSION AIH is a rare but important cause of liver pathology. Children in this region with elevated aminotransferases or unexplained hepatomegaly should be screened for AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12 Singapore 119228.
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Andreu V, Mendoza G, Arruebo M, Irusta S. Smart Dressings Based on Nanostructured Fibers Containing Natural Origin Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Regenerative Compounds. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 8:5154-5193. [PMID: 28793497 PMCID: PMC5455515 DOI: 10.3390/ma8085154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A fast and effective wound healing process would substantially decrease medical costs, wound care supplies, and hospitalization significantly improving the patients' quality of life. The search for effective therapeutic approaches seems to be imperative in order to avoid the aggravation of chronic wounds. In spite of all the efforts that have been made during the recent years towards the development of artificial wound dressings, none of the currently available options combine all the requirements necessary for quick and optimal cutaneous regeneration. Therefore, technological advances in the area of temporary and permanent smart dressings for wound care are required. The development of nanoscience and nanotechnology can improve the materials and designs used in topical wound care in order to efficiently release antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative compounds speeding up the endogenous healing process. Nanostructured dressings can overcome the limitations of the current coverings and, separately, natural origin components can also overcome the drawbacks of current antibiotics and antiseptics (mainly cytotoxicity, antibiotic resistance, and allergies). The combination of natural origin components with demonstrated antibiotic, regenerative, or anti-inflammatory properties together with nanostructured materials is a promising approach to fulfil all the requirements needed for the next generation of bioactive wound dressings. Microbially compromised wounds have been treated with different essential oils, honey, cationic peptides, aloe vera, plant extracts, and other natural origin occurring antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative components but the available evidence is limited and insufficient to be able to draw reliable conclusions and to extrapolate those findings to the clinical practice. The evidence and some promising preliminary results indicate that future comparative studies are justified but instead of talking about the beneficial or inert effects of those natural origin occurring materials, the scientific community leads towards the identification of the main active components involved and their mechanism of action during the corresponding healing, antimicrobial, or regenerative processes and in carrying out systematic and comparative controlled tests. Once those natural origin components have been identified and their efficacy validated through solid clinical trials, their combination within nanostructured dressings can open up new avenues in the fabrication of bioactive dressings with outstanding characteristics for wound care. The motivation of this work is to analyze the state of the art in the use of different essential oils, honey, cationic peptides, aloe vera, plant extracts, and other natural origin occurring materials as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative components with the aim of clarifying their potential clinical use in bioactive dressings. We conclude that, for those natural occurring materials, more clinical trials are needed to reach a sufficient level of evidence as therapeutic agents for wound healing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Andreu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/ Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Pei CS, Wu HY, Fan FT, Wu Y, Shen CS, Pan LQ. Influence of curcumin on HOTAIR-mediated migration of human renal cell carcinoma cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4239-43. [PMID: 24935377 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.10.4239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the influence of curcumin on HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR)- mediated migration of cultured renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five RCC cell lines (769-P, 769-P-vector, 769-P-HOTAIR, 786-0, and Kert-3 ) were maintained in vitro. The expression of HOTAIR mRNA was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and cell migration was measured by transwell migration assay. The effects of different concentrations of curcumin (0 to 80 μmol/L) on cell proliferation was determined by the CCK-8 assay and influence of non-toxic levels (0 to 10 μM) on the migration of RCC cells was also determined. RESULTS Comparison of the 5 cell lines indicated a correlation between HOTAIR mRNA expression and cell migration. In particular, the migration of 769-P-HOTAIR cells was significantly higher than that of 769-P-vector cells. Curcumin at 2.5-10 μM had no evident toxicity against RCC cells, but inhibited cell migration in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS HOTAIR expression is correlated with the migration of RCC cells, and HOTAIR may be involved in the curcumin-induced inhibition of RCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Song Pei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China E-mail :
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Antiga E, Bonciolini V, Volpi W, Del Bianco E, Caproni M. Oral Curcumin (Meriva) Is Effective as an Adjuvant Treatment and Is Able to Reduce IL-22 Serum Levels in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:283634. [PMID: 26090395 PMCID: PMC4450233 DOI: 10.1155/2015/283634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a complementary therapy that may be helpful for the treatment of psoriasis due to its anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects. In the present study we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of a bioavailable oral curcumin in the treatment of psoriasis. Sixty-three patients with mild-to-moderate psoriasis vulgaris (PASI < 10) were randomly divided into two groups treated with topical steroids and Meriva, a commercially available lecithin based delivery system of curcumin, at 2 g per day (arm 1), or with topical steroids alone (arm 2), both for 12 weeks. At the beginning (T0) and at the end of the therapy (T12), clinical assessment and immunoenzymatic analysis of the serum levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were performed. At T12, both groups achieved a significant reduction of PASI values that, however, was higher in patients treated with both topical steroids and oral curcumin than in patients treated only with topical steroids. Moreover, IL-22 serum levels were significantly reduced in patients treated with oral curcumin. In conclusion, curcumin was demonstrated to be effective as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris and to significantly reduce serum levels of IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Antiga
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo 41, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Veronica Bonciolini
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo 41, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Walter Volpi
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo 41, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Del Bianco
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo 41, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Marzia Caproni
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo 41, 50125 Florence, Italy
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31
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Ratz-Łyko A, Arct J, Majewski S, Pytkowska K. Influence of Polyphenols on the Physiological Processes in the Skin. Phytother Res 2015; 29:509-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ratz-Łyko
- Faculty of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Chemistry; Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Podwale 13, Warsaw 00-252 Poland
| | - Jacek Arct
- Faculty of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Chemistry; Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Podwale 13, Warsaw 00-252 Poland
| | - Sławomir Majewski
- Faculty of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Chemistry; Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Podwale 13, Warsaw 00-252 Poland
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Medical University of Warsaw; Koszykowa 82 A 02-008 Warsaw Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pytkowska
- Faculty of Cosmetology, Department of Cosmetic Chemistry; Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care; Podwale 13, Warsaw 00-252 Poland
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Liakos I, Rizzello L, Hajiali H, Brunetti V, Carzino R, Pompa PP, Athanassiou A, Mele E. Fibrous wound dressings encapsulating essential oils as natural antimicrobial agents. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1583-1589. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils with high antibiotic activity were incorporated into cellulose acetate natural polymer. By using the electrospinning technique, nanofibrous matrices were prepared to be used as effective antimicrobial wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Liakos
- Smart Materials
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- 16163 Genoa
- Italy
| | - L. Rizzello
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia @UniLe
- Lecce
- Italy
| | - H. Hajiali
- Smart Materials
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- 16163 Genoa
- Italy
- DIBRIS
| | - V. Brunetti
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia @UniLe
- Lecce
- Italy
| | - R. Carzino
- Smart Materials
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- 16163 Genoa
- Italy
| | - P. P. Pompa
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia @UniLe
- Lecce
- Italy
| | - A. Athanassiou
- Smart Materials
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- 16163 Genoa
- Italy
| | - E. Mele
- Smart Materials
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- 16163 Genoa
- Italy
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Rajendran I, Dhandapani H, Anantanarayanan R, Rajaram R. Apigenin mediated gold nanoparticle synthesis and their anti-cancer effect on human epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04303d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin reduces Au3+to Au0to form ap-AuNPs at RT. ap-AuNPs are biocompatible towards HaCat cells. They show anti-cancer activity towards A431 cells by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry
- Central Leather Research Institute
- Chennai – 600 020
- India
| | - Harini Dhandapani
- Department of Biochemistry
- Central Leather Research Institute
- Chennai – 600 020
- India
| | | | - Rama Rajaram
- Department of Biochemistry
- Central Leather Research Institute
- Chennai – 600 020
- India
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34
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Burns EM, Elmets CA, Yusuf N. Vitamin D and skin cancer. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 91:201-9. [PMID: 25378147 DOI: 10.1111/php.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D signaling plays a key role in many important processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, immune regulation, hormone secretion and skeletal health. Furthermore, vitamin D production and supplementation have been shown to exert protective effects via an unknown signaling mechanism involving the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in several diseases and cancer types, including skin cancer. With over 3.5 million new diagnoses in 2 million patients annually, skin cancer is the most common cancer type in the United States. While ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the main etiologic factor for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), UVB also induces cutaneous vitamin D production. This paradox has been the subject of contradictory findings in the literature in regards to amount of sun exposure necessary for appropriate vitamin D production, as well as any beneficial or detrimental effects of vitamin D supplementation for disease prevention. Further clinical and epidemiological studies are necessary to elucidate the role of vitamin D in skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Burns
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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35
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Lu WC, Kao SY, Yang CC, Tu HF, Wu CH, Chang KW, Lin SC. EGF up-regulates miR-31 through the C/EBPβ signal cascade in oral carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108049. [PMID: 25229239 PMCID: PMC4168139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent carcinomas worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and modulate physiological or pathological processes including OSCC carcinogenesis. miR-31 has been found to be up-regulated in OSCC and to act as an oncogenic miRNA. However, the molecular mechanism underlying miR-31 up-regulation in OSCC is still obscure. The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling axis plays key roles in driving oral carcinogenesis. Our screening identified that there is up-regulation of miR-31, miR-181b and miR-222 in OSCC cells following EGF treatment. Subsequent analysis showed that EGF treatment led to AKT activation, which then resulted in miR-31 up-regulation. Moreover, EGF treatment and the AKT activation induced by exogenous expression up-regulated C/EBPβ expression. The miR-31 up-regulation induced by EGF was abrogated by AKT inhibition or by the knockdown of C/EBPβ expression. In OSCC cell subclones stably overexpressing the functional isoform of C/EBPβ, miR-31 expression was up-regulated. Curcumin is a natural ingredient exhibiting anti-cancer potential. It was found that curcumin attenuated AKT activation and the up-regulation of C/EBPβ and miR-31 caused by EGF stimulation in OSCC cells. Lastly, concordance across the expression of EGFR, the expression of C/EBPβ and the expression of miR-31 in OSCC tissues was found. This study describes a novel scenario where the up-regulation of miR-31 expression in OSCC is, at least in part, a consequence of EGFR oncogenic activation. Although the AKT activation and C/EBPβ expression after EGF treatment might not be directly linked, both events are the crucial mediators underlying miR-31 up-regulation in the EGFR signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Lu
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Yen Kao
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yi-Lan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Wu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KWC); (SCL)
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KWC); (SCL)
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Ramot Y, Paus R. Harnessing neuroendocrine controls of keratin expression: A new therapeutic strategy for skin diseases? Bioessays 2014; 36:672-86. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology; Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dermatology Research Centre; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Laboratory for Hair Research and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Dermatology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
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37
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Fisk WA, Lev-Tov HA, Sivamani RK. Botanical and Phytochemical Therapy of Acne: A Systematic Review. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1137-52. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney A. Fisk
- School of Medicine; University of California, Davis; Sacramento CA USA
| | - Hadar A. Lev-Tov
- Department of Dermatology; University of California, Davis; Sacramento CA USA
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System; Mather CA USA
| | - Raja K. Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology; University of California, Davis; Sacramento CA USA
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Sánchez-Tena S, Vizán P, Dudeja P, Centelles J, Cascante M. Green tea phenolics inhibit butyrate-induced differentiation of colon cancer cells by interacting with monocarboxylate transporter 1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1832:2264-70. [PMID: 23994611 PMCID: PMC4889458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diet has a significant impact on colorectal cancer and both dietary fiber and plant-derived compounds have been independently shown to be inversely related to colon cancer risk. Butyrate (NaB), one of the principal products of dietary fiber fermentation, induces differentiation of colon cancer cell lines by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs). On the other hand, (-)-epicatechin (EC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), two abundant phenolic compounds of green tea, have been shown to exhibit antitumoral properties. In this study we used colon cancer cell lines to study the cellular and molecular events that take place during co-treatment with NaB, EC and EGCG. We found that (i) polyphenols EC and EGCG fail to induce differentiation of colon adenocarcinoma cell lines; (ii) polyphenols EC and EGCG reduce NaB-induced differentiation; (iii) the effect of the polyphenols is specific for NaB, since differentiation induced by other agents, such as trichostatin A (TSA), was unaltered upon EC and EGCG treatment, and (iv) is independent of the HDAC inhibitory activity of NaB. Also, (v) polyphenols partially reduce cellular NaB; and (vi) on a molecular level, reduction of cellular NaB uptake by polyphenols is achieved by impairing the capacity of NaB to relocalize its own transporter (monocarboxylate transporter 1, MCT1) in the plasma membrane. Our findings suggest that beneficial effects of NaB on colorectal cancer may be reduced by green tea phenolic supplementation. This valuable information should be of assistance in choosing a rational design for more effective diet-driven therapeutic interventions in the prevention or treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sánchez-Tena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona and Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P. Vizán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona and Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P.K. Dudeja
- Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago and Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - J.J. Centelles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona and Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IBUB, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona and Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Chamcheu JC, Afaq F, Syed DN, Siddiqui IA, Adhami VM, Khan N, Singh S, Boylan BT, Wood GS, Mukhtar H. Delphinidin, a dietary antioxidant, induces human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation but not apoptosis: studies in submerged and three-dimensional epidermal equivalent models. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:342-8. [PMID: 23614741 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delphinidin (Del), [3,5,7,3'-,4'-,5'-hexahydroxyflavylium], an anthocyanidin and a potent antioxidant abundantly found in pigmented fruits and vegetables exhibits proapoptotic effects in many cancer cells. Here, we determined the effect of Del on growth, apoptosis and differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) in vitro in submerged cultures and examined its effects in a three-dimensional (3D) epidermal equivalent (EE) model that permits complete differentiation reminiscent of in vivo skin. Treatment of NHEKs with Del (10-40 μm; 24-48 h) significantly enhanced keratinocyte differentiation. In Del-treated cells, there was marked increase in human involucrin (hINV) promoter activity with simultaneous increase in the mRNA and protein expressions of involucrin and other epidermal differentiation markers including procaspase-14 and transglutaminase-1 (TGM1), but without any effect on TGM2. Del treatment of NHEKs was associated with minimal decrease in cell viability, which was not associated with apoptosis as evident by lack of modulation of caspases, apoptosis-related proteins including Bcl-2 family of proteins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. To establish the in vivo relevance of our observations in submerged cultures, we then validated these effects in a 3D EE model, where Del was found to significantly enhance cornification and increase the protein expression of cornification markers including caspase-14 and keratin 1. For the first time, we show that Del induces epidermal differentiation using an experimental system that closely mimics in vivo human skin. These observations suggest that Del could be a useful agent for dermatoses associated with epidermal barrier defects including aberrant keratinization, hyperproliferation or inflammation observed in skin diseases like psoriasis and ichthyoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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40
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Yu Y, Deng Y, Lu BM, Liu YX, Li J, Bao JK. Green tea catechins: a fresh flavor to anticancer therapy. Apoptosis 2013; 19:1-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Chew YC, Adhikary G, Xu W, Wilson GM, Eckert RL. Protein kinase C δ increases Kruppel-like factor 4 protein, which drives involucrin gene transcription in differentiating keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:17759-68. [PMID: 23599428 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF4 is a member of the Kruppel-like factor family of transcriptional regulators. KLF4 has been shown to be required for normal terminal differentiation of keratinocytes, but the molecular mechanism whereby KLF4 regulates genes associated with the differentiation process has not been studied. In the present study, we explore the impact of KLF4 on expression of involucrin, a gene that is specifically expressed in differentiated keratinocytes. KLF4 overexpression and knockdown studies show that involucrin mRNA and protein level correlates directly with KLF4 level. Moreover, studies of mutant KLF4 proteins indicate that transcriptionally inactive forms do not increase involucrin expression. PKCδ is a regulator of keratinocyte differentiation that increases expression of differentiation-associated target genes, including involucrin. Overexpression of KLF4 augments the PKCδ-dependent increase in involucrin expression, whereas KLF4 knockdown attenuates this response. The KLF4 induction of human involucrin (hINV) promoter activity is mediated via KLF4 binding to a GC-rich element located in the hINV promoter distal regulatory region, a region of the promoter required for in vivo involucrin expression. Mutation of the GC-rich element, an adjacent AP1 factor binding site, or both sites severely attenuates the response. Moreover, loss of KLF4 in an epidermal equivalent model of differentiation results in loss of hINV expression. These studies suggest that KLF4 is part of a multiprotein complex that interacts that the hINV promoter distal regulatory region to drive differentiation-dependent hINV gene expression in epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yap Ching Chew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Barreto RS, Albuquerque-Júnior RL, Pereira-Filho RN, Quintans JS, Barreto AS, DeSantana JM, Santana-Filho VJ, Santos MR, Bonjardim LR, Araújo AA, Quintans-Júnior LJ. Evaluation of wound healing activity of atranorin, a lichen secondary metabolite, on rodents. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nemazannikova N, Antonas K, Dass CR. Vitamin D: metabolism, molecular mechanisms, and mutations to malignancies. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:421-31. [PMID: 23359295 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The potential protective effects of vitamin D against cutaneous carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. The inhibition, by vitamin D, of various cancers in in vitro and in vivo models has triggered detailed investigation of vitamin D effects on neoplastic behavior. Recent studies highlight that such neoplastic features as the tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, DNA mutagenesis, and apoptosis are all connected to vitamin D metabolic pathways. This review discusses these connections. Vitamin D modulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis via its receptors (VDRs) may have a suppressive effect on skin cancer as some studies suggest. The regulation of multiple tumor signaling pathways by vitamin D may have an implication in cutaneous carcinogenesis and tumor progression to malignancy.
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Pratheeshkumar P, Sreekala C, Zhang Z, Budhraja A, Ding S, Son YO, Wang X, Hitron A, Hyun-Jung K, Wang L, Lee JC, Shi X. Cancer prevention with promising natural products: mechanisms of action and molecular targets. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2012; 12:1159-84. [PMID: 22583402 PMCID: PMC4983770 DOI: 10.2174/187152012803833035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is greater need for more effective and less toxic therapeutic and preventive strategies. Natural products are becoming an important research area for novel and bioactive molecules for drug discovery. Phytochemicals and dietary compounds have been used for the treatment of cancer throughout history due to their safety, low toxicity, and general availability. Many active phytochemicals are in human clinical trials. Studies have indicated that daily consumption of dietary phytochemicals have cancer protective effects against carcinogens. They can inhibit, delay, or reverse carcinogenesis by inducing detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes systems, regulating inflammatory and proliferative signaling pathways, and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Epidemiological studies have also revealed that high dietary intakes of fruits and vegetables reduce the risk of cancer. This review discusses potential natural cancer preventive compounds, their molecular targets, and their mechanisms of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Amit Budhraja
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Songze Ding
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrew Hitron
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kim Hyun-Jung
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Krishnamurthy S, Nör JE. Orosphere assay: a method for propagation of head and neck cancer stem cells. Head Neck 2012; 35:1015-21. [PMID: 22791367 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) harbor a small subpopulation of highly tumorigenic cells, designated cancer stem cells. A limiting factor in cancer stem cell research is the intrinsic difficulty of expanding cells in an undifferentiated state in vitro. METHODS Here, we describe the development of the orosphere assay, a method for the study of putative head and neck cancer stem cells. An orosphere is defined as a nonadherent colony of cells sorted from primary HNSCCs or from HNSCC cell lines and cultured in 3-dimensional soft agar or ultralow attachment plates. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and CD44 expression were used here as stem cell markers. RESULTS This assay allowed for the propagation of head and neck cancer cells that retained stemness and self-renewal. CONCLUSION The orosphere assay is well suited for studies designed to understand the pathobiology of head and neck cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Krishnamurthy
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Zhou LL, Lin ZX, Fung KP, Che CT, Zhao M, Cheng CHK, Zuo Z. Ethyl acetate fraction of Radix rubiae inhibits cell growth and promotes terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:241-247. [PMID: 22580026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Chinese medicine practice, Radix rubiae, the dry root of Rubia cordifolia L. is commonly used for the treatment of psoriasis. AIM OF THE STUDY Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation and aberrant differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes. Our previous studies identified Radix rubiae to have potent antiproliferative action on cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and to induce keratinocyte differentiation in mouse tail model. The present study aimed to investigate whether Radix rubiae could also induce terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The cornified envelope (CE) formation assay showed that ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Radix rubiae significantly accentuated the CE formation, a well-recognized marker of terminal differentiation, in cultured HEK and HaCaT cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Western blot analyses demonstrated that EA fraction of Radix rubiae at a concentration of 3.2μg/ml significantly increased transglutaminase type I and involucrin expression in both HEK and HaCaT keratinocytes after 96 h treatment, a response similar to that of Ca²⁺ positive control. Moreover, the expression level of cytokeratin 5/14, which is specifically related to cell proliferation, was significantly downregulated while terminal differentiation markers cytokeratin 1/10 were markedly increased by Radix rubiae treatment in both HEK and HaCaT cells. CONCLUSION The present experimental findings unequivocally confirmed the keratinocyte terminal differentiation promoting capacity of Radix rubiae, and strongly suggest that Radix rubiae is a promising antipsoriatic agent warranting further clinical development for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Li Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Nemazannikova N, Antonas K, Dass CR. Role of vitamin D metabolism in cutaneous tumour formation and progression. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:2-10. [PMID: 23215682 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Very limited information is available on the role of vitamin D in skin carcinogenesis. For most individuals, skin cancer can be readily managed with surgery; however, some patients may face life-threatening neoplasia. Sun exposure, specifically UV radiation, is a causative agent for development of skin cancer, though, somewhat ironically, sunlight through the production of vitamin D may have protective effect against some skin cancers. This review focuses on the development and progression of cutaneous carcinogenesis and the role of vitamin D in the prevention of the initiation and progression of lethal skin cancers. KEY FINDINGS Vitamin D is involved in regulation of multiple signalling pathways that have implications in carcinogenesis. Skin cancer metastasis depends on the tumour microenvironment, where vitamin D metabolites play a key role in prevention of certain molecular events involved in tumour progression. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a well-known potent regulator of cellular growth and differentiation. SUMMARY The VDR's possible involvement in cell death, tumour microenvironment and angiogenesis makes it a candidate agent for cancer regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Nemazannikova
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Kanade SR, Eckert RL. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) signaling suppresses protein kinase Cδ- and p38δ-dependent signaling and keratinocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:7313-23. [PMID: 22199349 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.331660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PKCδ is a key regulator of keratinocyte differentiation that activates p38δ phosphorylation leading to increased differentiation as measured by an increased expression of the structural protein involucrin. Our previous studies suggest that p38δ exists in association with protein partners. A major goal is to identify these partners and understand their role in regulating keratinocyte differentiation. In this study we use affinity purification and mass spectrometry to identify protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as part of the p38δ signaling complex. PRMT5 is an arginine methyltransferase that symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues on target proteins to alter target protein function. We show that PRMT5 knockdown is associated with increased p38δ phosphorylation, suggesting that PRMT5 impacts the p38δ signaling complex. At a functional level we show that PRMT5 inhibits the PKCδ- or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent increase in human involucrin expression, and PRMT5 dimethylates proteins in the p38δ complex. Moreover, PKCδ expression reduces the PRMT5 level, suggesting that PKCδ activates differentiation in part by reducing PRMT5 level. These studies indicate antagonism between the PKCδ and PRMT5 signaling in control of keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Tabolacci C, Rossi S, Lentini A, Provenzano B, Turcano L, Facchiano F, Beninati S. Aloin enhances cisplatin antineoplastic activity in B16-F10 melanoma cells by transglutaminase-induced differentiation. Amino Acids 2011; 44:293-300. [PMID: 22139409 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Aloin, a natural anthracycline from aloe plant, is a hydroxyanthraquinone derivative shown to have antitumor properties. This study demonstrated that aloin exerted inhibition of cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion abilities of B16-F10 melanoma cells under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Furthermore, aloin induced melanoma cell differentiation through the enhancement of melanogenesis and transglutaminase activity. To improve the growth-inhibiting effect of anticancer agents, we found that the combined treatment of cells with aloin and low doses of cisplatin increases the antiproliferative activity of aloin. The results suggest that aloin possesses antineoplastic and antimetastatic properties, exerted likely through the induction of melanoma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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