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Vera-Aviles M, Castillo-Burguete T, Pérez-Herrera N. "I Do Not Have the Time of Being sick": Para-Occupational Exposure and Women's Health Risk Perception in an Agricultural Community. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:561-571. [PMID: 38874286 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2024.2366458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have explored the relationship between para-occupational exposure and risk perception in farmers' families. Women are indirectly involved in agricultural activities, even though their roles most of the time are hidden. Women's para-occupational exposure and risk perceptions are important to describe, since women have a key gender role in the family's health care and possibly in the impact of acting regarding pesticide safety education. Furthermore, in farmer families, the impact of para-occupational pesticide exposure on women's health has been neglected. AIM Analyze pesticide para-occupational exposure scenario, knowledge, and health risk perception among women living in a farmer community. METHODS A mixed methodology was used. Two groups of women were identified to screen the exposure scenario: Women living in a farming family and women not living in a farming family. Data on para-occupational pesticide exposure and intradomicile practices were collected by questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to identify health risk perception and risk practices. RESULTS We observed a complex pesticide exposure scenario. All women were potentially exposed to pesticides through several pathways. One-third of the participants lived near a farming family or in proximity to neighbors that used pesticides at home, and one of every three women referred to spending time in a farmer's home. Among the group of women in a farming family (n = 18) stored pesticides inside the home was common; having the "safety practice" of storing pesticides in high places to avoid children being exposed. Women not living in farmimg families (n = 11) felt overexposed due to living in an agricultural community and agricultural drift exposure. Women from this group also mentioned feeling fear of developing cancerous diseases as well as fertility problems. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge and risk perception of pesticide exposure are similar between groups; however, women living in farming families were less willing to attend preventive health check-ups or educational programs than women not living in a farming family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Vera-Aviles
- Unidad Interinstitucional de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica (UIICE), Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Teresa Castillo-Burguete
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Norma Pérez-Herrera
- Unidad Interinstitucional de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica (UIICE), Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Leyva-Morales JB, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, Salvatierra-Stamp VDC, González-Márquez LC, Davizon YA, Márquez-Pacheco H, Amillano-Cisneros JM, Cruz-Acevedo E, Amézquita-López BA, Romo Gómez C, De la Torre Espinosa ZY, Rodríguez-Aguilar BA. Temporal distribution and ecological risk assessment for pesticides in water from the north-central coastal zone of Sinaloa, Mexico. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35207. [PMID: 39170137 PMCID: PMC11337721 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Water contamination with pesticides is one of the major pollution problems in northwestern Mexico, and this is due to the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture. In this research, water samples of ten sampling sites (fishing grounds, beaches, and both) were analyzed in the search for 28 pesticides (organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, among other chemical classes), supplemented with a calculation of the resulting potential environmental risk. Pesticides were separated from the matrix by liquid-liquid extraction and quantified by gas chromatography coupled to electron micro-capture (organohalogenated) and pulsed flame photometric detectors (organophosphates). In addition, the ecotoxicological risk of pesticides in algae, invertebrates, and fish was assessed, based on seawater pesticide concentrations using the Risk Quotient (RQ) and Toxic Units (TU) approach. The results showed 18 pesticides identified in the analyzed samples, where cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were identified with the maximum concentrations of 1.223 and 0.994 μg L-1, respectively. In addition, these two pesticides have been associated with acute toxic effects on algae, invertebrates, and fish. It is important to pay particular attention to the search for long-term alternatives to the use of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin due to their high detection rates and the risks associated with their toxic properties. However, the adoption of alternative measures to synthetic pesticide control should be a priority, moving towards sustainable practices such as the use of biopesticides, crop rotation and polycultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Belisario Leyva-Morales
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado km. 5.5 Campo el Diez, Culiacán, C.P. 80396, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Carlos González-Márquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología-Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, C.P. 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Yasser A. Davizon
- Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Av. Tecnológico No. 1340, Fracc. El Crucero, Ciudad Juárez, C.P. 32500, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/ IT de Los Mochis, Juan de Dios, Bátiz y 20 de Noviembre, Los Mochis, C.P. 81259, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Henri Márquez-Pacheco
- Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra, Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote km. 3, La Cruz, Elota, C.P. 82700, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jesús Mateo Amillano-Cisneros
- Ingeniería en Agrotecnología, Universidad Politécnica del Mar y la Sierra, Carretera a Potrerillos del Norote Km.3, La Cruz, Elota, C.P. 82700, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Edgar Cruz-Acevedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Desarrollo Humano, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Bianca Anabel Amézquita-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez y Blvd. de las Américas S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacán, C.P. 80013, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Claudia Romo Gómez
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, 42184, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Zamaria Yoselin De la Torre Espinosa
- Departamento de Salud-Licenciatura en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Unidad Regional Guasave, Av. Universidad S/N, Fraccionamiento Villa Universidad, Guasave, 81048, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Brian Arturo Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, km 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán, C.P. 28400, Colima, Mexico
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Ellis LB, Molina K, Robbins CR, Freisthler M, Sgargi D, Mandrioli D, Perry MJ. Adult Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticide Exposure and Sperm Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:116001. [PMID: 37966213 PMCID: PMC10648769 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence of the negative impacts of contemporary use insecticides on sperm concentration has increased over the last few decades; however, meta-analyses on this topic are rare. OBJECTIVES This investigation assessed the qualitative and quantitative strength of epidemiological evidence regarding adult exposure to two classes of contemporary use insecticides-organophosphates (OPs) and N -methyl carbamates (NMCs)-and sperm concentration using robust and reproducible systematic review and meta-analysis methods. METHODS Three scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), two U.S. government databases (NIOSHTIC-2 and Science.gov), and five nongovernmental organization websites were searched for relevant primary epidemiological studies published in any language through 11 August 2022. Risk of bias and strength of evidence were evaluated according to Navigation Guide systematic review methodology. Bias-adjusted standardized mean difference effect sizes were calculated and pooled using a three-level, multivariate random-effect meta-analysis model with cluster-robust variance estimation. RESULTS Across 20 studies, 21 study populations, 42 effect sizes, and 1,774 adult men, the pooled bias-adjusted standardized mean difference in sperm concentration between adult men more- and less-exposed to OP and NMC insecticides was - 0.30 (95% CI: - 0.49 , - 0.10 ; P Satt < 0.01 ). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses explored statistical heterogeneity and validated the model robustness. Although the pooled effect estimate was modified by risk of bias, insecticide class, exposure setting, and recruitment setting, it remained negative in direction across all meta-analyses. The body of evidence was rated to be of moderate quality, with sufficient evidence of an association between higher adult OP and NMC insecticide exposure and lower sperm concentration. DISCUSSION This comprehensive investigation found sufficient evidence of an association between higher OP and NMC insecticide exposure and lower sperm concentration in adults. Although additional cohort studies can be beneficial to fill data gaps, the strength of evidence warrants reducing exposure to OP and NMC insecticides now to prevent continued male reproductive harm. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12678.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Ellis
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Karen Molina
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - C. Rebecca Robbins
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Marlaina Freisthler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melissa J. Perry
- College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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Hamed MA, Akhigbe TM, Adeogun AE, Adesoye OB, Akhigbe RE. Impact of organophosphate pesticides exposure on human semen parameters and testosterone: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1227836. [PMID: 37964951 PMCID: PMC10641273 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1227836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Organophosphate (OP) pesticides have been associated with a decline in semen quality, although there are still considerable arguments about the magnitude of the association. Objective This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impacts of OP pesticides on semen quality and male reproductive hormones. Methods This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols. Strategic search was conducted using combined text words as search terms. The eligibility criteria were developed based on Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcome, and Study designs (PECOS) framework. Relevant data were extracted, risk of bias was evaluated by The Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group guidelines. Quantitative meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager. Results A total of 766 male subjects (349 exposed to OP pesticides and 417 unexposed controls) were included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in the ejaculate volume, seminal fluid volume, sperm multiple anomaly index, sperm, and leukocytes levels of the OP-exposed subjects compared to the control. In addition, OP pesticides exposure did not significantly affect serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone in subjects who were exposed to OP pesticides compared to their unexposed counterparts. However, we found a significant reduction in the sperm count, sperm concentration, progressive sperm motility, total sperm motility, and normal sperm morphology of OP pesticides-exposed subjects compared to the unexposed subjects. However, after subtype and sensitivity analyses, exposure to OP pesticides did not reduce sperm count. Also, after sensitivity analysis, OP pesticides exposure did not alter progressive sperm motility. Conclusion This study demonstrates that OP pesticides exposure reduced sperm count, concentration, total and progressive motility, and normal sperm morphology, possibly via a testosterone-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses A. Hamed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Tunmise M. Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Agronomy, Osun State Univeristy, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Adetomiwa E. Adeogun
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin B. Adesoye
- SickleLive Foundationo, Osogb, Nigeria
- SickleLive Foundation Research Laboratory, Osogbo, Nigeria
- State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Roland E. Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Cannarella R, Gül M, Rambhatla A, Agarwal A. Temporal decline of sperm concentration: role of endocrine disruptors. Endocrine 2023; 79:1-16. [PMID: 36194343 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Male infertility is a widespread disease with an etiology that is not always clear. A number of studies have reported a decrease in sperm production in the last forty years. Although the reasons are still undefined, the change in environmental conditions and the higher exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely bisphenol A, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl esters, dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene, pesticides, and herbicides, organophosphates, and heavy metals, starting from prenatal life may represent a possible factor justifying the temporal decline in sperm count. AIM The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of the effects of the exposure to EDCs on testicular development, spermatogenesis, the prevalence of malformations of the male genital tract (cryptorchidism, testicular dysgenesis, and hypospadias), testicular tumor, and the mechanisms of testicular EDC-mediated damage. NARRATIVE REVIEW Animal studies confirm the deleterious impact of EDCs on the male reproductive apparatus. EDCs can compromise male fertility by binding to hormone receptors, dysregulating the expression of receptors, disrupting steroidogenesis and hormonal metabolism, and altering the epigenetic mechanisms. In humans, exposure to EDCs has been associated with poor semen quality, increased sperm DNA fragmentation, increased gonadotropin levels, a slightly increased risk of structural abnormalities of the genital apparatus, such as cryptorchidism and hypospadias, and development of testicular tumor. Finally, maternal exposure to EDCs seems to predispose to the risk of developing testicular tumors. CONCLUSION EDCs negatively impact the testicular function, as suggested by evidence in both experimental animals and humans. A prenatal and postnatal increase to EDC exposure compared to the past may likely represent one of the factors leading to the temporal decline in sperm counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Cannarella
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Murat Gül
- Department of Urology, Selcuk University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine (Virtual Research), Global Andrology Forum, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Perera-Rios J, Ruiz-Suarez E, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, May-Euán F, Uicab-Pool G, Leyva-Morales JB, Reyes-Novelo E, Pérez-Herrera N. Agricultural pesticide residues in water from a karstic aquifer in Yucatan, Mexico, pose a risk to children's health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2218-2232. [PMID: 34282684 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1950652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Yucatan is a region with a high impact of water contamination since it has a karst type soil favoring contaminants entry into the phreatic level, the only source of freshwater in the area. However, no studies report pesticides in water for human consumption or the risk it represents. The objective of this study was to detect and measure pesticide concentrations in domestic tap water to estimate the risk (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) to health. A non-probabilistic sampling was applied of 48 tap water sources, and then pesticide detection with solid-phase extraction gas chromatography coupled to the electron capture and flame photometric detectors allowed the estimation of risk through hazard ratios. The present results suggest that aldrin, heptachlor, and β-BHC residues in domestic tap water from Ticul, Yucatan, pose a risk to children's health, particularly for potential carcinogenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Perera-Rios
- Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Laboratorio Nacional Para La Investigación En Inocuidad Alimentaria (Residuos De Plaguicidas), CIAD, A.C. Unidad Culiacán, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Fernando May-Euán
- Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Facultad De Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Gloria Uicab-Pool
- Facultad De Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - José Belisario Leyva-Morales
- Centro De Investigación En Recursos Naturales Y Sustentabilidad (CIRENYS), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago De Chile, Chile
- Doctorado En Sustentabilidad, Universidad Autónoma De Occidente (Unidad Guasave, Sinaloa), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Enrique Reyes-Novelo
- Centro De Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Unidad Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Norma Pérez-Herrera
- Facultad De Medicina, Universidad Autónoma De Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Carlo G, Valentina M, Daniele C, Simone S, Edlira S, Giancarlo B, Benedetto GA. The environmental and occupational influence of pesticides on male fertility: a systematic review of human studies. Andrology 2022; 10:1250-1271. [PMID: 35793270 PMCID: PMC9541307 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environment plays a key role in male infertility, changing the incidence in various populations, and pesticides are one of the most studied hazards. The use of the latter has never decreased, jeopardizing the safety of workers and the general population. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to summarize the results of studies discussing the association between pesticides and male fertility. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only human studies were considered. Semen parameters, and DNA integrity were considered to evaluate the effect of pesticides on men. RESULTS A total of 64 studies that investigated their impact in terms of semen parameters (51 studies), chromatin and DNA integrity (25 studies), were included. The most frequently affected parameters were total sperm count sperm motility and morphology, although a reduction in ejaculate volume and concentration occur in several cases. A tangible worsening of semen quality was associated with organochlorines and organophosphates. Furthermore, pesticide exposure, especially pyrethroids, was related to a higher DNA fragmentation index and chromosome aneuploidy in most articles. CONCLUSION The epidemiological evidence supports the association between pesticides and male fertility for workers and the exposed population in terms of semen quality, DNA fragmentation and chromosome aneuploidy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulioni Carlo
- "Polytechnic University of Marche Region", Department of Urology, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maurizi Valentina
- "Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Ancona, Italy
| | - Castellani Daniele
- "Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Department of Urology, Ancona, Italy
| | - Scarcella Simone
- "Polytechnic University of Marche Region", Department of Urology, Ancona, Italy
| | - Skrami Edlira
- "Polytechnic University of Marche Region", Centre of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ancona, Italy
| | - Balercia Giancarlo
- "Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Ancona, Italy
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A Systematic Review of Studies on Genotoxicity and Related Biomarkers in Populations Exposed to Pesticides in Mexico. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110272. [PMID: 34822663 PMCID: PMC8624200 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In agricultural activities, pest control is essential, and the most effective method is the use of chemical agents that also represent an important source of exposure to potentially toxic compounds. Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous group of compounds designed specifically to control different pests. Besides measuring their levels or that of their metabolites in air, plasma, serum, blood, urine, etc., some studies reported increased DNA damage levels after occupational or environmental pesticides exposure, evidenced by several cytogenetic biomarkers such as chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei frequency (MN) together with other nuclear abnormalities (NA), alkaline comet assay, but also changes in oxidative stress parameters and miRNA levels. Single or combined, these techniques have also been used in genotoxic biomonitoring studies of workers occupationally exposed to pesticides in Mexico. Despite being a country with great agricultural activity and reported excessive pesticide use, genotoxic studies have been relatively few and, in some cases, contradictory. A review was made of the studies available (published until the end of 2020 on PubMed, Web of Science, Redalyc and Scielo, both in English and Spanish) in the scientific literature that evaluated occupational exposure of human samples to pesticides assessed with DNA damage and related biomarkers in Mexico.
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Giulioni C, Maurizi V, Scarcella S, Di Biase M, Iacovelli V, Galosi AB, Castellani D. Do environmental and occupational exposure to pyrethroids and organophosphates affect human semen parameters? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14215. [PMID: 34410018 DOI: 10.1111/and.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to review and analyse the impact of pyrethroids and organophosphates exposure on human semen parameters. A comprehensive literature search was performed through MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and Webscience. Only cohort studies examining semen parameters in workers or general populations exposed to pyrethroids or organophosphates were included. Ejaculate volume, sperm count, concentration, motility, viability, normal morphology and seminal pH alterations were pooled using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Method with the random effect model and expressed as weighted mean difference, risk ratios, 95% confidence intervals and p-values. Seven cross-sectional studies regarding pyrethroids were included. Four of them were eligible for meta-analysis. The only parameter affected by pyrethroid exposure was normal sperm morphology (WMD-7,61%, 95%CI -11,92 to -3,30;p = 0,0,005). Nine studies were selected to evaluate the impact of organophosphates on semen parameters with six of them eligible for meta-analysis. A significant reduction was detected for the following: ejaculate volume (WMD -0,47ml, 95%CI -0,69 to -0,25; p < 0,0001), sperm count (WMD-40,03, 95%CI -66,81 to -13,25;p = 0,003), concentration (WMD-13,69 x10⁶/mL, 95%CI -23, 27 to-4,12;p = 0,005) and motility (WMD -5,70%, 95%CI -12,89 to 1,50;p = 0,12). Despite the increase in sperm abnormality, it has been shown that pyrethroids are unrelated to reduced sperm quality. However, the negative association of organophosphates with spermatogenesis is noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Giulioni
- Department of Urology, Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Valentina Maurizi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, "Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simone Scarcella
- Department of Urology, Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Iacovelli
- Urology Unit, "San Carlo di Nancy" General Hospital - GVM Care and Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Castellani
- Department of Urology, Ospedali Riuniti" University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
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Ramos-Flores Á, Camacho-Hernández I, Sierra-Santoyo A, Solís-Heredia MDJ, Verdín-Betancourt FA, Parra-Forero LY, López-González MDL, Hernández-Ochoa I, Quintanilla-Vega B. Temephos decreases sperm quality and fertilization rate and is metabolized in rat reproductive tissues at low dose exposure. Toxicol Sci 2021; 184:57-66. [PMID: 34382084 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temephos is an organophosphorus (OP) pesticide used in control campaigns against vectors that transmit diseases, including dengue, a public health concern. The WHO classifies temephos in category III and its safe concentration (LOAEL) in male rats is 100 mg/kg/day for up to 44 days. Temephos inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and is metabolized in different tissues, probably by mixed-function oxidases; one of its metabolites is bisphenol S (BPS), which is considered an endocrine disruptor. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of temephos on sperm function and its biotransformation in the testis, epididymis, and other tissues to explore its toxicity in rats treated with 100 mg/kg/day/5 or 7 days (gavage). AChE activity was inhibited 70% starting on day 3 and 13 or 41% mortality was observed at 5 or 7 days, respectively. After 7 days, temephos significantly decreased sperm motility (30%) and viability (10%) and increased (10%) lipoperoxidation, and the sperm DNA exhibited no damage. Temephos was distributed and metabolized in all tissues, with the highest levels observed in the adipose tissue and temephos levels were 16-fold higher in the epididymis than in the testis. Notably, BPS was observed in the testis. At 5 days, decreased sperm motility (12.5%) and viability (5.7%) were observed and sperm fertilization decreased (30%). These results suggest that temephos decreases sperm quality and fertilization capacity at recommended safe concentrations and that it is metabolized in male reproductive tissues. This pesticide places the reproductive health of exposed people at risk, suggesting the need to reevaluate its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Ramos-Flores
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav)
| | - Israel Camacho-Hernández
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav)
| | - Adolfo Sierra-Santoyo
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav)
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabel Hernández-Ochoa
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav)
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Fucic A, Duca RC, Galea KS, Maric T, Garcia K, Bloom MS, Andersen HR, Vena JE. Reproductive Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Pesticides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126576. [PMID: 34207279 PMCID: PMC8296378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A marked reduction in fertility and an increase in adverse reproductive outcomes during the last few decades have been associated with occupational and environmental chemical exposures. Exposure to different types of pesticides may increase the risks of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease, but also of reduced fertility and birth defects. Both occupational and environmental exposures to pesticides are important, as many are endocrine disruptors, which means that even very low-dose exposure levels may have measurable biological effects. The aim of this review was to summarize the knowledge collected between 2000 and 2020, to highlight new findings, and to further interpret the mechanisms that may associate pesticides with infertility, abnormal sexual maturation, and pregnancy complications associated with occupational, environmental and transplacental exposures. A summary of current pesticide production and usage legislation is also included in order to elucidate the potential impact on exposure profile differences between countries, which may inform prevention measures. Recommendations for the medical surveillance of occupationally exposed populations, which should be facilitated by the biomonitoring of reduced fertility, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-15682500; Fax: +3814673303
| | - Radu C. Duca
- Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory, L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg;
- Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen S. Galea
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK;
| | - Tihana Maric
- Medical School, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Kelly Garcia
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (K.G.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Michael S. Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (K.G.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Helle R. Andersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark;
| | - John E. Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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Ochoa-Martínez ÁC, Araiza-Gamboa Y, Varela-Silva JA, Orta-García ST, Carrizales-Yáñez L, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Effect of gene-environment interaction (arsenic exposure - PON1 Q192R polymorphism) on cardiovascular disease biomarkers in Mexican population. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103519. [PMID: 33164855 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the primary cause of death worldwide. However, little is known about how the interaction between risk factors affects CVDs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the gene-environment interaction (arsenic exposure x PON1 Q192R polymorphism) on serum levels of CVDs biomarkers in Mexican women. Urinary arsenic levels (UAs) ranged from 5.50-145 μg/g creatinine. The allele frequency was 0.38 and 0.62 for the Q and R alleles, respectively. Moreover, significant associations (p<0.05) were detected between UAs and CVDs biomarkers (ADMA, FABP4, and miR-155). Comparable data were found when CVDs biomarkers were evaluated through PON1 genotype, significant (p<0.05) higher serum concentrations of CVDs biomarkers were identified in R allele carriers compared to levels found in Q allele carriers. Besides, a gene-environment interaction was documented. The results of this study we believe should be of significant interest to regulatory authorities worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles C Ochoa-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Yesenia Araiza-Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - José A Varela-Silva
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Sandra T Orta-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Leticia Carrizales-Yáñez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Iván N Pérez-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Ochoa-Martínez ÁC, Orta-García ST, Varela-Silva JA, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Influence of Human Paraoxonase-1 Polymorphism (Q192R) on Serum Levels of Clinical Biomarkers Indicatives of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk in Mexican Women. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:801-820. [PMID: 32519276 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a hydrolytic enzyme related in the onset, establishment, and progression of inflammatory illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, the primary goal of this investigation was to determinate the influence of the PON1 gene polymorphism (Q192R) on prognostic biomarkers of CVD in women (n = 350) from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. For everyone enrolled, anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical measurements were acquired. Q192R polymorphism of the PON1 gene was assessed by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes. Also, quantification and/or calculation of suggested predictive CVD biomarkers were completed. The association between PON1(Q192R) polymorphism with clinical predictive CVD biomarkers was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Genotype PON1 (Q192R) frequencies were: 18%, 47% and 35% for QQ, QR, and RR, respectively. Besides, the frequency of the variant R allele was 0.58. Furthermore, robust significant associations were found between PON1 (Q192R) polymorphism with serum ADMA [OR (95% CI); 3.50 (1.20-5.00), p < 0.01]; FABP4 [2.50 (2.15-3.95), p < 0.01]; and miR-126 [1.50 (1.15-2.00), p < 0.01] levels after adjusting for probable confounders. Data found in this research strongly support the notion that proposes a crucial role of PON1 enzyme (Q192R polymorphism) as a genetic determinant in the CVD risk in Mexican women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles C Ochoa-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Sandra T Orta-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - José A Varela-Silva
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Iván N Pérez-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, CP 78210, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Rio-verde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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14
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PON1 increases cellular DNA damage by lactone substrates. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:2035-2043. [PMID: 31209508 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated enzyme that by hydrolysing exogenous and endogenous substrates can provide protection against substrate induced toxicity. To investigate the extent to which PON1 provides protection against lactone induced DNA damage, DNA damage was measured in HepG2 cells using the neutral Comet assay following lactone treatment in the presence and absence of exogenous recombinant PON1 (rPON1). Low dose lactones (10 mM) caused little or no damage while high doses (100 mM) induced DNA damage in the following order of potency: α-angelica lactone > γ-butyrolactone ~ γ-hexalactone > γ-heptalactone ~ γ-octaclactone ~ γ-furanone ~ γ-valerolactone > γ-decalactone. Co-incubation of 100 mM lactone with rPON1, resulted in almost all cells showing extensive DNA damage, particularly with those lactones that decreased rPON1 activity by > 25%. In contrast, with the lactones that are poor rPON1 subtrates (γ-decalactone and γ-furanone), rPON1 did not increase DNA damage. DNA damage induced by a 1 h co-treatment with 10 mM α-angelica lactone and rPON1 was reduced when cells when incubated for a further 4 h in fresh medium suggesting break formation was due to induced DNA damage rather than apoptosis. Preincubation (1-6 h) of α-angelica lactone with rPON1 in the absence of cells, decreased cellular DNA damage by around 40% in comparison to cells treated without preincubation. These results suggest that in addition to its well-recognised detoxification effects, PON1 can increase genotoxicity potentially by hydrolysing certain lactones to reactive intermediates that increase DNA damage via the formation of DNA adducts.
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15
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Moreno-Godínez ME, Galarce-Sosa C, Cahua-Pablo JÁ, Rojas-García AE, Huerta-Beristain G, Alarcón-Romero LDC, Cruz M, Valladares-Salgado A, Antonio-Véjar V, Ramírez-Vargas MA, Flores-Alfaro E. Genotypes of Common Polymorphisms in the PON1 Gene Associated with Paraoxonase Activity as Cardiovascular Risk Factor. Arch Med Res 2019; 49:486-496. [PMID: 30853125 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase-1(PON1) exhibits hydrolytic activity and prevents the oxidation of high and low-density lipoproteins. Polymorphisms in the PON1 gene have been associated with variations in paraoxonase activity and with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). AIM OF THE STUDY This study analyzed the association between the frequencies of genotypes of the L55 M and Q192 R SNPs in the PON1 gene with the PON1 activity and with CAD risk factors. METHODS Women, determined by body composition, biochemical markers, and arylesterase (AREase) and paraoxonase (CMPase) activities were studied. Genotyping of L55 M and Q192 R polymorphisms was performed by TaqMan. Seventeen studies were used in the meta-analysis. RESULTS A significant decrease in PON1 activity in carrying the LM/MM and QQ genotypes is identified, correlations are found between the AREase activity with glucose, cholesterol and atherogenic risk index. Carriers of the LM or MM genotype were related with obesity (OR = 1.6; p = 0.039), and the MQ haplotype has an effect on the decrease in AREase (β = ‒22.4; p <0.001) and CMPase (β = ‒3.8; p <0.001). In addition, a lower proportion of Native American admixture was observed in women with LM or MM genotype, while it was higher for the European proportion compared with the LL genotype (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The LL-L55 M and QR-Q192 R genotypes are identified as the most frequently in the different states or cities of the country, and genotypic proportions are different, probably depending on the genetic structure of the populations. The association that is reported more frequently in the different studies is with enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Elena Moreno-Godínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Claudia Galarce-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México; Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - José Ángel Cahua-Pablo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Gerardo Huerta-Beristain
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adán Valladares-Salgado
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Verónica Antonio-Véjar
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México; Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México.
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Lwin TZ, Than AA, Min AZ, Robson MG, Siriwong W. Effects of pesticide exposure on reproductivity of male groundnut farmers in Kyauk Kan village, Nyaung-U, Mandalay region, Myanmar. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2018; 11:235-241. [PMID: 30568520 PMCID: PMC6276625 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s175230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kyauk Kan village of Nyaung-U, Mandalay region, Myanmar is one of the most famous groundnut-growing zones and has been exposed to pesticides. METHODS This study design provided evaluation of within-person changes in the season across growing and nongrowing periods. A cross-sectional study was performed to identify health problems related to organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure, to explore the protected use of this pesticide among 400 participants in the community by face-to-face interviews, and to determine the reproductive effects of OP exposure by using biomarkers of 100 male groundnut farmers aged 18-49 years. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 37.5±9.45 years. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences in seminal parameters (P<0.05 for pH, viscosity, motility, morphology, and sperm count) and in a reproductive hormonal assay (P<0.05 in follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone) between the growing and nongrowing periods. Blood-cholinesterase levels of plasma cholinesterase in the growing period were significantly higher than those in the nongrowing period (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic exposure related to OP dose may reduce potential male reproductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thant Zaw Lwin
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Defence Services Medical Academy, Yangon, Myanmar
- Center for Risk Analysis and Health Surveillance (C-RAHS), College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,
| | - Aye Aye Than
- Defence Services Orthopedics Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Zaw Min
- Military Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Sciences, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wattasit Siriwong
- Center for Risk Analysis and Health Surveillance (C-RAHS), College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand,
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17
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Othman AI, Abdel-Hamid M. Curcumin mitigates fenthion-induced testicular toxicity in rats: histopathological and immunohistochemical study. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15627020.2017.1396194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amel I Othman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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18
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Ochoa-Martínez ÁC, Ruíz-Vera T, Almendarez-Reyna CI, Orta-García ST, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Influence on serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations of human paraoxonase 1 polymorphism (Q192R) and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Mexican women, a gene-environment interaction. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:770-779. [PMID: 28821001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are a consequence of the combination of genetic and environmental factors and/or the interaction between them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) exposure and PON1 Q192R polymorphism (genetic susceptibility) on serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in Mexican women (n = 206). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene concentrations (1-OHP; exposure biomarker for PAHs) were quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography technique, PON1 Q192R polymorphism was genotyped using TaqMan probes and serum ADMA concentrations were evaluated using a commercially available ELISA kit. Urinary 1-OHP levels detected in this study ranged from 0.07 to 9.37 μmol/mol of creatinine (0.13-18.0 μg/g of creatinine). Regarding allele frequency (PON1 Q192R polymorphism), the 192Q-allele frequency was 0.43 and for the 192R-allele it was 0.57. In relation to serum ADMA levels, the levels ranged from 0.06 to 1.46 μmol/L. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis was performed and associations between urinary 1-OHP levels (β = 0.05, p = 0.002), PON1 Q192R polymorphism (β = 0.04, p = 0.003) and serum ADMA concentrations were found. Besides, an interaction (gene-environment interaction) of both independent variables (1-OHP and PON1 polymorphism) on serum ADMA levels was found (β = 0.04, p = 0.02) in the constructed multiple linear model. Therefore, according to the significance of this research, it is necessary to execute health programs to reduce cardiovascular risk in the assessed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles C Ochoa-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Tania Ruíz-Vera
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Claudia I Almendarez-Reyna
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Sandra T Orta-García
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Iván N Pérez-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Rio-verde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Ramirez-Vargas MA, Huerta-Beristain G, Guzman-Guzman IP, Alarcon-Romero LDC, Flores-Alfaro E, Rojas-Garcia AE, Moreno-Godinez ME. Methamidophos induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:147-155. [PMID: 26589457 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure is associated with oxidative stress. Methamidophos (MET) is an OP widely used in agriculture, which is regarded as a highly toxic pesticide and it is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether MET can induce oxidative stress at low concentrations in primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs from healthy individuals were exposed to MET (0-80 mg/L) for 0-72 h. We performed the MTT and neutral-red assays to assess the cytotoxicity. As indicators of oxidative stress, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed using flow cytometry, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined. MET decreased the viability of PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations of 3, 10, or 20 mg/L for 24 h, MET increased the ROS production significantly compared with the vehicle control. Similarly, MET increased the levels of MDA at the same concentrations that increased ROS (10 and 20 mg/L); however, no changes in GSH levels were observed. These results suggest that MET increased the generation of oxidative stress in PBMCs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 147-155, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Ramirez-Vargas
- Laboratorio De Toxicologia Y Salud Ambiental. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Huerta-Beristain
- Laboratorio De Toxicologia Y Salud Ambiental. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Iris Paola Guzman-Guzman
- Laboratorio De Investigacion En Obesidad Y Diabetes. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcon-Romero
- Laboratorio De Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Mexico, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio De Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Mexico, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
| | | | - Ma Elena Moreno-Godinez
- Laboratorio De Toxicologia Y Salud Ambiental. Unidad Academica De Ciencias Quimico Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma De Guerrero, Mexico
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Gomes J, Roche G. The Role of Estrogens and Estrogenic Metabolites and Male Reproductive Health Disorders. IMPLICATIONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION IN POLAR ENVIRONMENTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-12315-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Figueroa ZI, Young HA, Meeker JD, Martenies SE, Barr DB, Gray G, Perry MJ. Dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites and chromosomal abnormalities in human sperm. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 143:256-265. [PMID: 26519831 PMCID: PMC4743645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The past decade has seen numerous human health studies seeking to characterize the impacts of environmental exposures, such as organophosphate (OP) insecticides, on male reproduction. Despite an extensive literature on OP toxicology, many hormone-mediated effects on the testes are not well understood. OBJECTIVES This study investigated environmental exposures to OPs and their association with the frequency of sperm chromosomal abnormalities (i.e., disomy) among adult men. METHODS Men (n=159) from a study assessing the impact of environmental exposures on male reproductive health were included in this investigation. Multi-probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes X, Y, and 18 was used to determine XX18, YY18, XY18 and total disomy in sperm nuclei. Urine was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for concentrations of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OPs [dimethylphosphate (DMP); dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP); dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP); diethylphosphate (DEP); diethylthiophosphate (DETP); and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP)]. Poisson regression was used to model the association between OP exposures and disomy measures. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for each disomy type by exposure quartiles for most metabolites, controlling for age, race, BMI, smoking, specific gravity, total sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. RESULTS A significant positive trend was seen for increasing IRRs by exposure quartiles of DMTP, DMDTP, DEP and DETP in XX18, YY18, XY18 and total disomy. A significant inverse association was observed between DMP and total disomy. Findings for total sum of DAP metabolites concealed individual associations as those results differed from the patterns observed for each individual metabolite. Dose-response relationships appeared nonmonotonic, with most of the increase in disomy rates occurring between the second and third exposure quartiles and without additional increases between the third and fourth exposure quartiles. CONCLUSIONS This is the first epidemiologic study of this size to examine the relationship between environmental OP exposures and human sperm disomy outcomes. Our findings suggest that increased disomy rates were associated with specific DAP metabolites, suggesting that the impacts of OPs on testis function need further characterization in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida I Figueroa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave. NW (4th Floor), Washington, DC 20052, United States.
| | - Heather A Young
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave. NW (5th Floor), Washington, DC 20052, United States.
| | - John D Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, United States.
| | - Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave. NW (4th Floor), Washington, DC 20052, United States.
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - George Gray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave. NW (4th Floor), Washington, DC 20052, United States.
| | - Melissa J Perry
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave. NW (4th Floor), Washington, DC 20052, United States.
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González-Herrera L, Gamas-Trujillo PA, Medina-Escobedo G, Oaxaca-Castillo D, Pérez-Mendoza G, Williams-Jacquez D, Canto-Cetina T, Vargas-García RD. The Paraoxonase 1 Gene c.-108C>T SNP in the Promoter Is Associated with Risk for Glioma in Mexican Patients, but Not the p.L55M or p.Q192R Polymorphisms in the Coding Region. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:494-9. [PMID: 26154629 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms c.-108C>T, p.L55M, and p.Q192R with the risk of glioma in Southeast Mexico. Decreased PON1 activity caused by polymorphisms has been observed in gliomas, thus supporting the theory that PON1 is involved in tumorigenesis in the brain. METHODS Sixty-seven glioma patients and 58 control individuals were included. Three PON1 polymorphisms were genotyped by real-time PCR allelic discrimination using TaqMan probes: c.-108C>T in the promoter region, p.Q192R and p.L55M, both of which were in the coding region. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies were assessed in cases and controls to test for statistical associations (STATA 10.2 package). RESULTS Significant differences were found for the PON1 c.-108C>T polymorphism between the cases and controls. Compared to the controls the cases were more likely to be CT heterozygous (p = 0.002) or TT homozygous (p = 0.036); similarly cases were more likely to possess a T allele (p = 0.032). In contrast, the p.L55M and p.Q192R polymorphisms did not show significant differences between the glioma cases and controls (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The PON1 c.-108C>T polymorphism in the promoter region is associated with genetic risk for glioma. Conversely, p.L55M and p.Q192R polymorphisms in the coding region do not seem to have an influence in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth González-Herrera
- 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pablo Alejandro Gamas-Trujillo
- 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Medina-Escobedo
- 2 Departamento de Patología, Unidad Médica de alta especialidad del Hospital Regional "Dr. Ignacio García Téllez" del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - David Oaxaca-Castillo
- 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Mendoza
- 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Thelma Canto-Cetina
- 1 Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Merida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Gómez-Martín A, Altakroni B, Lozano-Paniagua D, Margison GP, de Vocht F, Povey AC, Hernández AF. Increased N7-methyldeoxyguanosine DNA adducts after occupational exposure to pesticides and influence of genetic polymorphisms of paraoxonase-1 and glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2015; 56:437-445. [PMID: 25427726 DOI: 10.1002/em.21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There are concerns about genetic risks associated with long-term exposure to pesticides as these compounds may damage DNA, resulting in mutations that eventually lead to cancer, neurological, and reproductive adverse health effects. This study assessed DNA damage in intensive agricultural workers exposed to pesticides by determining the levels of N7-methyldeoxyguanosine (N7-MedG), an adduct known to be a robust biomarker of recent exposure to chemical methylating agents. A cohort of 39 plastic greenhouse workers was assessed for changes in lymphocyte DNA N7-MedG levels between low level and high level exposures during the course of a spraying season. The contributions of genetic polymorphisms of the pesticide-metabolizing enzymes paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and the glutathione S-transferases, GSTM1 and GSTT1, on N7-MedG levels and other potential confounders were also assessed. N7-MedG increased in the period of high pesticide exposure as compared to the low exposure period (0.23 and 0.18 µmol N7-MedG/mol dG for the unadjusted and adjusted linear mixed models, P = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively). Significant decreased levels of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and plasma cholinesterase were observed in the high versus low exposure period in both the unadjusted (2.85 U/g hemoglobin and 213.13 U/L, respectively) and adjusted linear mixed models (2.99 U/g hemoglobin and 230.77 U/L, respectively), indicating pesticide intake. In intensive agriculture workers, higher pesticide exposure increased DNA alkylation levels, further demonstrating the genotoxicity of pesticides in man. In addition, pesticide-exposed individuals with inherited susceptible metabolic genotypes (particularly, null genotype for GSTM1 and the PON1 192R allele) appear to have an increased risk of genotoxic DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:437-445, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gómez-Martín
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Bashar Altakroni
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Geoffrey P Margison
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Frank de Vocht
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2PS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Povey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (COEH), Centre for Epidemiology, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
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Chiu YH, Afeiche MC, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Petrozza JC, Tanrikut C, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Fruit and vegetable intake and their pesticide residues in relation to semen quality among men from a fertility clinic. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1342-51. [PMID: 25824023 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is consumption of fruits and vegetables with high levels of pesticide residues associated with lower semen quality? SUMMARY ANSWER Consumption of fruits and vegetables with high levels of pesticide residues was associated with a lower total sperm count and a lower percentage of morphologically normal sperm among men presenting to a fertility clinic. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides is associated with lower semen quality. Whether the same is true for exposure through diet is unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Men enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) Study, an ongoing prospective cohort at an academic medical fertility center. Male partners (n = 155) in subfertile couples provided 338 semen samples during 2007-2012. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Semen samples were collected over an 18-month period following diet assessment. Sperm concentration and motility were evaluated by computer-aided semen analysis (CASA). Fruits and vegetables were categorized as containing high or low-to-moderate pesticide residues based on data from the annual United States Department of Agriculture Pesticide Data Program. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the association of fruit and vegetable intake with sperm parameters accounting for within-person correlations across repeat samples while adjusting for potential confounders. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Total fruit and vegetable intake was unrelated to semen quality parameters. High pesticide residue fruit and vegetable intake, however, was associated with poorer semen quality. On average, men in highest quartile of high pesticide residue fruit and vegetable intake (≥1.5 servings/day) had 49% (95% confidence interval (CI): 31%, 63%) lower total sperm count and 32% (95% CI: 7%, 58%) lower percentage of morphologically normal sperm than men in the lowest quartile of intake (<0.5 servings/day) (P, trend = 0.003 and 0.02, respectively). Low-to-moderate pesticide residue fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a higher percentage of morphologically normal sperm (P, trend = 0.04). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Surveillance data, rather than individual pesticide assessment, was used to assess the pesticide residue status of fruits and vegetables. CASA is a useful method for clinical evaluation but may be considered less favorable for accurate semen analysis in the research setting. Owing to the observational nature of the study, confirmation is required by interventional studies as well. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To our knowledge, this is the first report on the consumption of fruits and vegetables with high levels of pesticide residue in relation to semen quality. Further confirmation of these findings is warranted. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS Supported by National Institutes of Health grants ES009718, ES022955, ES000002, P30 DK046200 and Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award T32 DK007703-16. None of the authors has any conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chiu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M C Afeiche
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A J Gaskins
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P L Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J C Petrozza
- Vincent Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - C Tanrikut
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - R Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Levine H, Swan SH. Is dietary pesticide exposure related to semen quality? Positive evidence from men attending a fertility clinic. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:1287-9. [PMID: 25824024 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Levine
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah and The Hebrew University Center of Excellence in Agriculture and Environmental Health, Jerusalem, Israel Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanna H Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Q192R Polymorphism of Paraoxonase 1 Gene Associated with Insulin Resistance in Mexican Children. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:78-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Salehcheh M, Kalantari H, Khodayar MJ, Jahangiri A, Gallehdari H, Rahmani A, Tangestani R. Genotyping Paraoxonase Polymorphisms in Iranian Farmers Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticides. INT J PHARMACOL 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.513.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Urióstegui-Acosta M, Hernández-Ochoa I, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Piña-Guzmán B, Rafael-Vázquez L, Solís-Heredia M, Martínez-Aguilar G, Quintanilla-Vega B. Methamidophos alters sperm function and DNA at different stages of spermatogenesis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 279:391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Urióstegui-Acosta M, Hernández-Ochoa I, Solís-Heredia MDJ, Martínez-Aguilar G, Quintanilla-Vega B. Comparative effect of technical and commercial formulations of methamidophos on sperm quality and DNA integrity in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:942-949. [PMID: 23125138 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Methamidophos (MET), widely used in developing countries, is a highly neurotoxic organophosphate pesticide that has been associated with male reproductive alterations. Commercial formulations of pesticides used by agricultural workers and urban sprayers are responsible for thousands of intoxications in developing countries and may not have the same effects as active pure ingredients. Therefore, we compared effects of MET technical (METt) and commercial (METc) grades on sperm quality and DNA integrity. Male mice were injected (intraperitoneal, i.p.) with METt or METc (3.75, 5, and 7 mg/kg bw/day/4 days) and sacrificed 24 h post-treatment. Sperm cells collected from epididymis-vas deferens were evaluated for quality parameters, DNA damage by the comet assay, and lipoperoxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was evaluated by acetylthiocholine inhibition as an index of overall toxicity. A dose-dependent AChE inhibition was observed with both formulations. Sperm quality was decreased after treatment with both MET compounds, but the commercial formulation showed stronger effects; a similar profile was observed with the DNA damage, being METc more genotoxic. None MET formulation increased MDA, suggesting no peroxidative damage involved. In summary, the commercial formulation of MET was more reprotoxic and genotoxic than the active pure ingredient, highlighting that commercial formulations must be considered for more appropriate risk assessment of pesticide exposures.
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Taib IS, Budin SB, Ghazali AR, Jayusman PA, Mohamed J. Fenitrothion alters sperm characteristics in rats: ameliorating effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction. Exp Anim 2014; 63:383-93. [PMID: 25030881 PMCID: PMC4244287 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate insecticides such as fenitrothion (FNT) in agriculture and
public health has been reported to affect sperm quality. Antioxidants may have a potential
to reduce spermatotoxic effects induced by organophosphate. The present study was carried
out to evaluate the effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in reducing the
detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats. Adult male
Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups: a control group and groups of
rats treated orally with palm oil TRF (200 mg/kg), FNT (20 mg/kg) and palm oil TRF (200
mg/kg) combined with FNT (20 mg/kg). The sperm characteristics, DNA damage, superoxide
dismutase (SOD) activity, and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA),
and protein carbonyl (PC) were evaluated. Supplementation with TRF attenuated the
detrimental effects of FNT by significantly increasing the sperm counts, motility, and
viability and decreased the abnormal sperm morphology. The SOD activity and GSH level were
significantly increased, whereas the MDA and PC levels were significantly decreased in the
TRF+FNT group compared with the rats receiving FNT alone. TRF significantly decreased the
DNA damage in the sperm of FNT-treated rats. A significant correlation between abnormal
sperm morphology and DNA damage was found in all groups. TRF showed the potential to
reduce the detrimental effects occurring in spermatozoa of FNT-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izatus Shima Taib
- Program of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Schrader SM, Marlow KL. Assessing the reproductive health of men with occupational exposures. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:23-30. [PMID: 24369130 PMCID: PMC3901877 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest report linking environmental (occupational) exposure to adverse human male reproductive effects dates back to1775 when an English physician, Percival Pott, reported a high incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps. This observation led to safety regulations in the form of bathing requirements for these workers. The fact that male-mediated reproductive harm in humans may be a result of toxicant exposures did not become firmly established until relatively recently, when Lancranjan studied lead-exposed workers in Romania in 1975, and later in 1977, when Whorton examined the effects of dibromochloropropane (DBCP) on male workers in California. Since these discoveries, several additional human reproductive toxicants have been identified through the convergence of laboratory and observational findings. Many research gaps remain, as the pool of potential human exposures with undetermined effects on male reproduction is vast. This review provides an overview of methods used to study the effects of exposures on male reproduction and their reproductive health, with a primary emphasis on the implementation and interpretation of human studies. Emphasis will be on occupational exposures, although much of the information is also useful in assessing environmental studies, occupational exposures are usually much higher and better defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Schrader
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine L Marlow
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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TAIB IS, BUDIN SB, GHAZALI AR, JAYUSMAN PA, MOHAMED J. Fenitrothion Alters Sperm Characteristics in Rats: Ameliorating Effects of Palm Oil Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction. Exp Anim 2014. [DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Izatus Shima TAIB
- Program of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis BUDIN
- Program of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rohi GHAZALI
- Program of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Putri Ayu JAYUSMAN
- Program of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamaludin MOHAMED
- Program of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Martenies SE, Perry MJ. Environmental and occupational pesticide exposure and human sperm parameters: a systematic review. Toxicology 2013; 307:66-73. [PMID: 23438386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Of continuing concern are the associations between environmental or occupational exposures to pesticides and semen quality parameters. Prior research has indicated that there may be associations between exposure to pesticides of a variety of classes and decreased sperm health. The intent of this review was to summarize the most recent evidence related to pesticide exposures and commonly used semen quality parameters, including concentration, motility and morphology. The recent literature was searched for studies published between January 2007 and August 2012 that focused on environmental or occupational pesticide exposures. Included in the review are 17 studies, 15 of which reported significant associations between exposure to pesticides and semen quality indicators. Two studies also investigated the roles genetic polymorphisms may play in the strength or directions of these associations. Specific pesticides targeted for study included dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and abamectin. Pyrethroids and organophosphates were analyzed as classes of pesticides rather than as individual compounds, primarily due to the limitations of exposure assessment techniques. Overall, a majority of the studies reported significant associations between pesticide exposure and sperm parameters. A decrease in sperm concentration was the most commonly reported finding among all of the pesticide classes investigated. Decreased motility was also associated with exposures to each of the pesticide classes, although these findings were less frequent across studies. An association between pesticide exposure and sperm morphology was less clear, with only two studies reporting an association. The evidence presented in this review continues to support the hypothesis that exposures to pesticides at environmentally or occupationally relevant levels may be associated with decreased sperm health. Future work in this area should focus on associations between specific pesticides or metabolic products and sperm quality parameters. Analysis of effects of varying genetic characteristics, especially in genes related to pesticide metabolism, also needs further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena E Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University, School of Public Health and Health Services, 2100 M Street, NW Suite 203A, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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Pires A, Pieri P, Hage M, Santos ABG, Medeiros MCR, Garcia RCT, Yonamine M, Hallak J, Saldiva PHN, Zorzetto J, Bueno HMS. Repeated inhalation of crack-cocaine affects spermatogenesis in young and adult mice. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:439-46. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.684450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Pires
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Brazil
| | - P. Pieri
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Section of Andrology, Division of Urology, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M. Hage
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A. B. G. Santos
- Imunohistochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M. C. R. Medeiros
- Imunohistochemistry Laboratory, Department of Pathology, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R. C. T. Garcia
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M. Yonamine
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo University,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J. Hallak
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Section of Andrology, Division of Urology, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P. H. N. Saldiva
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- National Institute for Integrated Analysis of Environmental Risk (INAIRA), Brazil
| | - J.C. Zorzetto
- Medical and Health School of the University of Marilia,
Marilia, SP, Brazil
| | - H. M. S. Bueno
- Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, São Paulo University Medical School,
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Cole TB, Fisher JC, Burbacher TM, Costa LG, Furlong CE. Neurobehavioral assessment of mice following repeated postnatal exposure to chlorpyrifos-oxon. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2012; 34:311-22. [PMID: 22425525 PMCID: PMC3367041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), one of the most widely-used organophosphorus (OP) insecticides in agriculture, is degraded in the field to its oxon form, chlorpyrifos-oxon (CPO), which can represent a significant contaminant in exposures to adults and children. CPO is also responsible for the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition associated with CPF exposures; CPF is converted by liver CYP450 enzymes to CPO, which binds to and inhibits AChE and other serine active-site esterases, lipases and proteases. Young children represent a particularly susceptible population for exposure to CPF and CPO, in part because levels of the plasma enzyme, paraoxonase (PON1), which hydrolyzes CPO, are very low during early development. While a number of studies have demonstrated developmental neurotoxicity associated with CPF exposure, including effects at or below the threshold levels for AChE inhibition, it is unclear whether these effects were due directly to CPF or to its active metabolite, CPO. PON1 knockout (PON1-/-) mice, which lack PON1, represent a highly sensitive mouse model for toxicity associated with exposure to CPF or CPO. To examine the neurobehavioral consequences of CPO exposure during postnatal development, PON1-/- mice were exposed daily from PND 4 to PND 21 to CPO at 0.15, 0.18, or 0.25 mg/kg/d. A neurobehavioral test battery did not reveal significant effects of CPO on early reflex development, motor coordination, pre-pulse inhibition of startle, startle amplitude, open field behavior, or learning and memory in the contextual fear conditioning, Morris water maze, or water radial-arm maze tests. However, body weight gain and startle latency were significantly affected by exposure to 0.25 mg/kg/d CPO. Additionally, from PNDs 15-20 the mice exposed repeatedly to CPO at all three doses exhibited a dose-related transient hyperkinesis in the 20-min period following CPO administration, suggesting possible effects on catecholaminergic neurotransmission. Our previous study demonstrated wide-ranging effects of neonatal CPO exposure on gene expression in the brain and on brain AChE inhibition, and modulation of both of these effects by the PON1(Q192R) polymorphism. The current study indicates that the neurobehavioral consequences of these effects are more elusive, and suggests that alternative neurobehavioral tests might be warranted, such as tests of social interactions, age-dependent effects on learning and memory, or tests designed specifically to assess dopaminergic or noradrenergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby B. Cole
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jenna C. Fisher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Burbacher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucio G. Costa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Clement E. Furlong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Experimental strategy for translational studies of organophosphorus pesticide neurotoxicity based on real-world occupational exposures to chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:660-8. [PMID: 22240005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Translational research is needed to understand and predict the neurotoxic consequences associated with repeated occupational exposures to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). In this report, we describe a research strategy for identifying biomarkers of OP neurotoxicity, and we characterize pesticide application workers in Egypt's Menoufia Governorate who serve as our anchor human population for developing a parallel animal model with similar exposures and behavioral deficits and for examining the influence of human polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 (CYP) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzymes on OP metabolism and toxicity. This population has previously been shown to have high occupational exposures and to exhibit a broad range of neurobehavioral deficits. In addition to observational studies of work practices in the field, questionnaires on demographics, lifestyle and work practices were administered to 146 Egyptian pesticide application workers applying pesticides to the cotton crop. Survey results indicated that the application workforce uses standard operating procedures and standardized equipment provided by Egypt's Ministry of Agriculture, which provides a workforce with a stable work history. We also found that few workers report using personal protective equipment (PPE), which likely contributes to the relatively high exposures reported in these application workers. In summary, this population provides a unique opportunity for identifying biomarkers of OP-induced neurotoxicity associated with occupational exposure.
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Muñoz B, Albores A. Occupational toxicology in Mexico: current status and the potential use of molecular studies to evaluate chemical exposure. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:637-48. [PMID: 22003922 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.599885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Occupational toxicology is of considerable concern for several world organizations including the International Labour Organization, the World Health Organization and the International Commission for Occupational Health and, in Latin America, the Pan American Health Organization. The countries of this Region, including Mexico, own manufacturing, chemical, and petrochemical industries that employ thousands workers who are continually exposed to hazardous chemicals such as solvents, particles and exhaust fumes, many of which are very complex mixtures. Traditionally, physicians have used biochemical analyses to assess the damage caused by chronic chemical exposure. Presently, recent advances in molecular biology may offer tools to perform more thorough and precise evaluations on worker health damage, risk and current health status. In this review, we present a perspective of occupational toxicology in Mexico, as an example for Latin America and developing countries. Moreover, we summarize current reports about occupational disease associated with chemical exposure, and we present an array of molecular studies proposed for the analysis and diagnosis of workers related with industry and the relevance of including molecular biology testing to complement traditional occupational medical assays in order to improve occupational health. We conclude that developing countries, e.g., Mexico, should improve work environment standards by using new technical approaches that will result in more reliable and precise data to design better health policy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balam Muñoz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Sánchez-Guerra M, Pérez-Herrera N, Quintanilla-Vega B. Organophosphorous pesticides research in Mexico: epidemiological and experimental approaches. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:681-91. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.602130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cole TB, Beyer RP, Bammler TK, Park SS, Farin FM, Costa LG, Furlong CE. Repeated developmental exposure of mice to chlorpyrifos oxon is associated with paraoxonase 1 (PON1)-modulated effects on cerebellar gene expression. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:155-69. [PMID: 21673326 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarray analysis was used to examine effects of repeated postnatal exposure to chlorpyrifos oxon (CPO) on gene expression in the cerebellum of genetically modified mice. The high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) plays a significant role in the detoxication of CPO, which is present in exposures and generated from chlorpyrifos (CPF) in vivo following exposure. Two factors are important in modulating toxicity of CPO, the Q192R PON1 polymorphism and PON1 plasma level, which is low at birth and increases throughout postnatal development. Mice used in these studies included wild type (PON1(+/+)), PON1 knockout (PON1(-/-)), and two transgenic lines (tgHuPON1(Q192), tgHuPON1(R192)) expressing either human PON1(Q192) or PON1(R192) on the PON1(-/-) background. PON1(R192) hydrolyzes CPO more efficiently than PON1(Q192). All four genotypes exposed to CPO (0.35 or 0.50 mg/kg/day) daily from postnatal day (PND) 4 to PND 21 showed significant differences in gene expression on PND 22 compared with controls. Pathway analysis and Gene Set Analysis revealed multiple pathways and gene sets significantly affected by CPO exposure, including genes involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neurotransmission, and nervous system development. Comparison between genotypes revealed specific genes, gene sets, and pathways differentially affected between tgHuPON1(Q192) and tgHuPON1(R192) mice and between PON1(-/-) and PON1(+/+) mice following CPO exposure. Repeated CPO exposure also resulted in a dose-related decrease in brain acetylcholinesterase activity during postnatal development in PON1(-/-) and tgHuPON1(Q192) mice but not in PON1(+/+) or tgHuPON1(R192) mice. These findings indicate that PON1 status plays a critical role in modulating the effects of neonatal CPO exposure in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby B Cole
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Hematological, Biochemical Effects, and Self-reported Symptoms in Pesticide Retailers. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:517-21. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e318215fbf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Gonzalez-Herrera L, Martín Cerda-Flores R, Luna-Rivero M, Canto-Herrera J, Pinto-Escalante D, Perez-Herrera N, Quintanilla-Vega B. Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and haplotypes and the risk for having offspring affected with spina bifida in Southeast Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 88:987-94. [PMID: 21031563 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spina bifida (SB) is a common congenital malformation in Southeast Mexico. Parents of children with SB reside in areas with frequent pesticide spraying or have agriculture activities, suggesting potential exposure to pesticides. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is the responsible enzyme for deactivation of organophosphates (OP) in the central nervous system. Polymorphisms of PON1 genes influence the catalytic activity and plasma protein level of the enzyme, therefore, genotypic characterization of PON1 gene represents a potential predictor for susceptibility to OP-related effects. METHODS The frequency of PON1 haplotypes and polymorphisms (-108CT, L55M, and Q192R) were determined in this study. A case-control study was performed to evaluate the risk for having offspring affected by SB in 152 cases and 160 control parents. Polymorphisms were determined by PCR amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism and Real Time-PCR. Odds ratios and confidence interval 95% were estimated. RESULTS Genotype frequencies for the three PON1 polymorphisms were distributed according to Hardy-Weinberg expectations (p > 0.05) and were significantly different between cases and controls (p < 0.05). The heterozygous CT genotype of -108CT polymorphism, the RR genotype of Q192R polymorphism, both LM and MM genotypes of L55M polymorphism, and the haplotypes 221 and 222 (for -108CT, L55M, and Q192R) were associated with the risk for having a child affected by SB (p < 0.02). The heterozygous -108CT genotype was associated only maternally, whereas the heterozygous L55M genotype was relevant only in the fathers. The RR homozygous genotype was relevant both in mothers and fathers, suggesting the importance of this substrate-specific polymorphism. CONCLUSION Results suggest that PON1 polymorphisms are relevant risk factors for having offspring affected with SB in this population from Southeast Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Gonzalez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 59 No. 490 x Av. Itzaes, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Fujihara J, Yasuda T, Kawai Y, Morikawa N, Arakawa K, Koda Y, Soejima M, Kimura-Kataoka K, Takeshita H. First survey of the three gene polymorphisms (PON1 Q192R, eNOS E298D and eNOS C-786T) potentially associated with coronary artery spasm in African populations and comparison with worldwide data. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:156-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Singh S, Kumar V, Thakur S, Banerjee BD, Rautela RS, Grover SS, Rawat DS, Pasha ST, Jain SK, Ichhpujani RL, Rai A. Paraoxonase-1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 252:130-7. [PMID: 21291901 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a lipoprotein-associated enzyme involved in the detoxification of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) by hydrolyzing the bioactive oxons. Polymorphisms of the PON1 gene are responsible for variation in the expression and catalytic activity of PON1 enzyme. In the present study, we have determined (a) the prevalence of two common PON1 polymorphisms, (b) the activity of PON1 and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, and (c) the influence of PON1 genotypes and phenotypes variation on DNA damage in workers exposed to OPs. We examined 230 subjects including 115 workers exposed to OPs and an equal number of normal healthy controls. The results revealed that PON1 activity toward paraoxon (179.19±39.36 vs. 241.52±42.32nmol/min/ml in controls) and phenylacetate (112.74±17.37 vs. 134.28±25.49μmol/min/ml in controls) was significantly lower in workers than in control subjects (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of genotypes and allelic frequencies of PON1(192)QR (Gln/Arg) and PON1(55)LM (Leu/Met) in workers and control subjects (p>0.05). The PON1 activity toward paraoxonase was found to be significantly higher in the R/R (Arg/Arg) genotypes than Q/R (Gln/Arg) and lowest in Q/Q (Gln/Gln) genotypes in both workers and control subjects (p<0.001). For PON1(55)LM (Leu/Met), PON1 activity toward paraoxonase was observed to be higher in individuals with L/L (Leu/Leu) genotypes and lowest in individuals with M/M (Met/Met) genotypes in both groups (p<0.001). No influence of PON1 genotypes and phenotypes was seen on the activity of acetylcholinesterase and arylesterase. The DNA damage was observed to be significantly higher in workers than in control subjects (p<0.05). Further, the individuals who showed least paraoxonase activity i.e., those with (Q/Q [Gln/Gln] and M/M [Met/Met]) genotypes showed significantly higher DNA damage compared to other isoforms in workers exposed to OPs (p<0.05). The results indicate that the individuals with PON1 Q/Q and M/M genotypes are more susceptible toward genotoxicity. In conclusion, the study suggests wide variation in enzyme activities and DNA damage due to polymorphisms in PON1 gene, which might have an important role in the identification of individual risk factors in workers occupationally exposed to OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyender Singh
- Division of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, National Centre for Disease Control, 22, Sham Nath Marg, Delhi-110054, India
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Rohlman DS, Anger WK, Lein PJ. Correlating neurobehavioral performance with biomarkers of organophosphorous pesticide exposure. Neurotoxicology 2010; 32:268-76. [PMID: 21182866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that adverse neurobehavioral effects are associated with occupational organophosphorous pesticide (OP) exposure in humans. Behavioral studies of pesticide applicators, greenhouse workers, agricultural workers and farm residents exposed repeatedly over months or years to low levels of OPs reveal a relatively consistent pattern of neurobehavioral deficits. However, only two studies have demonstrated a link between neurobehavioral performance and current biomarkers of OP exposure including blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity and urinary levels of OP metabolites. A variety of reasons may explain why so few studies have reported such correlations, including differing individual and group exposure histories, differing methodologies for assessing behavior and exposure, and lack of a reliable index of exposure. Alternatively, these data may suggest that current biomarkers (ChE, urine metabolites) are neither predictive nor diagnostic of the neurobehavioral effects of chronic OP pesticide exposures. This review focuses on the evidence that neurobehavioral performance deficits are associated with occupational OP pesticide exposure and concludes that research needs to return to the basics and rigorously test the relationships between neurobehavioral performance and both current (ChE and urine metabolites) and novel (e.g., inflammation and oxidative stress) biomarkers using human and animal models. The results of such studies are critically important because OP pesticides are widely and extensively used throughout the world, including situations where exposure controls and personal protective equipment are not routinely used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane S Rohlman
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Povey AC. Gene-environmental interactions and organophosphate toxicity. Toxicology 2010; 278:294-304. [PMID: 20156521 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) are an important class of insecticides that in the UK have been widely used for treating sheep for ectoparasites as well as in other sectors of the farming industry. Health problems associated with acute OP toxicity are well defined but, ill-health induced by chronic exposures to OPs remains controversial. A substantial number of sheep farmers complain of chronic ill-health which they attribute to repeated exposure to OPs. If OPs were associated with chronic ill-health then individuals with specific defects in OP metabolism might be expected to be at greater risk of ill-health following exposure. To examine such a hypothesis, the characterisation of both OP exposure and those pathways which lead to the formation and removal of the active OP metabolites becomes important. A wide range of OPs have previously been used to treat sheep but currently the only OP licenced for treating sheep is diazinon. Immediately after treatment, farmers' urines contain detectable levels of OP metabolites but few farmers have a significant decrease in plasma cholinesterase activity. Diazinon, like chlorpyrifos, is an organothiophosphate which is metabolised, particularly by cytochrome p450s, to the corresponding active oxon form. CYP metabolism also leads to the inactivation of the parent compound and the relative balance of inactivation and activation can depend upon the specific OP and the CYP isoform. OP oxons are inactivated by serum paraoxonase (PON1) and mice lacking PON1 activity are susceptible to oxon and parent OP induced toxicity. PON1 polymorphisms at positions 192 (R form with arginine at 192 and Q with glutamine) and 55 (L form with a leucine and a M form with methionine) influence paroxonase activity. The effect of the Q192R polymorphism is substrate specific with reports indicating that diazoxon is metabolised less by the R isoform. In a study of sheep farmers within the UK, the R allele was associated with an increased risk of self-reported chronic ill-health, a result consistent with the hypothesis that this ill-health may have been caused by OPs. Studies in other populations exposed to pesticides also show associations between ill-health and PON1 Q192R polymorphisms but not consistently so. This is not surprisingly given that exposure is often poorly characterised. In vivo models also suggest that PON1 genotypes may have little influence on susceptibility at low doses of the parent OP. Hence further work is required not only to better characterise OP exposure in humans populations but also to identify those populations susceptible to OP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Povey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Community-Based Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Ellen Wilkinson Building, Devas Street, Manchester M139PT, United Kingdom.
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Rojas-García AE, Sordo M, Vega L, Quintanilla-Vega B, Solis-Heredia M, Ostrosky-Wegman P. The role of paraoxonase polymorphisms in the induction of micronucleus in paraoxon-treated human lymphocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2009; 50:823-829. [PMID: 19402156 DOI: 10.1002/em.20492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme that has a role in the detoxification of organophosphorus compounds by hydrolyzing the bioactive oxons. PON1 polymorphims are responsible, at least in part, for the variation in the catalytic activity and expression of the enzyme and have been associated with susceptibility to organophosphorus pesticide toxicity, mainly neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine whether paraoxon induced micronuclei and to examine the role of PON1 polymorphism in paraoxon's genotoxic potential. First, dose finding cytogenetic experiments were performed on lymphocyte cultures from three donors and a range of paraoxon concentration (1-25 microM) were tested. In a second set of experiments, 5 microM paraoxon was added to blood cultures of 11 donors with two different PON1 haplotypes (PON T(-108)M(55)Q(192) with low activity and haplotype PON C(-108)L(55) R(192) with high activity, referred to as PON1QQ and as PON1 RR, respectively). Because PON1 is present in blood, the effect of adding 5 microM paraoxon and 70 microl of autologous plasma to lymphocyte cultures also was examined. Paraoxon had no effect on cell viability, but caused a significant dose-dependent increase in MN frequency. The basal MN frequencies were similar on QQ and RR genotypes. A significant difference was observed in the MN frequency only in lymphocytes from individuals with the QQ genotype treated with 5 microM paraoxon and the autologous plasma did not modify these effects. The results obtained in this study suggest that PON1 genotype might have an important role in the identification of individuals at risk for cancer development due to occupational exposure to pesticides.
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Hofmann JN, Keifer MC, Furlong CE, De Roos AJ, Farin FM, Fenske RA, van Belle G, Checkoway H. Serum cholinesterase inhibition in relation to paraoxonase-1 (PON1) status among organophosphate-exposed agricultural pesticide handlers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1402-8. [PMID: 19750105 PMCID: PMC2737017 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies have demonstrated that low paraoxonase-1 (PON1) status (i.e., low catalytic efficiency and/or low plasma PON1 activity) is associated with neurotoxic effects after exposure to several organophosphate (OP) insecticides. However, few human studies have investigated associations between PON1 status and intermediate end points, such as serum cholinesterase [butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE)] inhibition, among OP-exposed individuals. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relation between plasma PON1 status and BuChE inhibition among OP-exposed agricultural pesticide handlers. METHODS Agricultural pesticide handlers in Washington State were recruited during the 2006 and 2007 spray seasons when they were seen for follow-up ChE testing by collaborating medical providers as part of a statewide monitoring program. Blood samples were collected from 163 participants and tested for PON1 status based on plasma PON1 activity [arylesterase (AREase)] and PON1 Q192R genotype. We evaluated percent change in BuChE activity from baseline level in relation to PON1 status. RESULTS We observed significantly greater BuChE inhibition among QQ homozygotes relative to RR homozygotes (p = 0.036). Lower levels of plasma PON1 activity were significantly associated with greater BuChE inhibition (p = 0.004). These associations remained after adjustment for year, days since baseline test, age, and OP exposure in the last 30 days. CONCLUSIONS We found that both low PON1 catalytic efficiency (i.e., the Q192 alloform) and low plasma PON1 activity were associated with BuChE inhibition among OP-exposed agricultural pesticide handlers. Corroborative findings from future studies with prospective collection of blood samples for PON1 testing, more sensitive markers of OP-related effects, and larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Hofmann
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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de Jager C, Aneck-Hahn N, Bornman M, Farias P, Leter G, Eleuteri P, Rescia M, Spano M. Sperm chromatin integrity in DDT-exposed young men living in a malaria area in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2429-38. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Relationship between human paraoxonase-1 activity and PON1 polymorphisms in Mexican workers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Toxicol Lett 2009; 188:84-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Camps J, Marsillach J, Joven J. The paraoxonases: role in human diseases and methodological difficulties in measurement. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009; 46:83-106. [PMID: 19255916 DOI: 10.1080/10408360802610878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research into the paraoxonase (PON) gene family has flourished over the past few years. In the 1970s and 1980s, only PON1 was known, and the investigations were conducted, essentially, by toxicologists focusing on protection against organophosphate poisoning. Since then, two new members of the family, PON2 and PON3, have been identified, both being shown to play antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles. Evidence exists indicating that the PON family is central to a wide variety of human illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and several mental disorders. However, research is hampered considerably by the methods currently available to measure the activity of these enzymes. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge on PON biochemistry and function, the influence of genetic variations, and the involvement of PON in several diseases. The problems associated with PON measurement, such as sample acquisition, lack of reference methods, and variety of substrates, will be presented. Also, we cover some of the present lines of research and propose some others for future progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Camps
- Centre de Recerca Biomedica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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