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Zhang T, Lui KH, Ho SSH, Chen J, Chuang HC, Ho KF. Characterization of airborne endotoxin in personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and bioreactivity for elderly residents in Hong Kong. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116530. [PMID: 38833976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The heavy metals and bioreactivity properties of endotoxin in personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were characterized in the analysis. The average personal exposure concentrations to PM2.5 were ranged from 6.8 to 96.6 μg/m3. The mean personal PM2.5 concentrations in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 32.1±15.8, 22.4±11.8, 35.3±11.9, and 50.2±19.9 μg/m3, respectively. There were 85 % of study targets exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) PM2.5 threshold (24 hours). The mean endotoxin concentrations ranged from 1.086 ± 0.384-1.912 ± 0.419 EU/m3, with a geometric mean (GM) varied from 1.034 to 1.869. The concentration of iron (Fe) (0.008-1.16 μg/m3) was one of the most abundant transition metals in the samples that could affect endotoxin toxicity under Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation. In summer, the interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels showed statistically significant differences compared to other seasons. Spearman correlation analysis showed endotoxin concentrations were positively correlated with chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), implying possible roles as nutrients and further transport via adhering to the surface of fine inorganic particles. Mixed-effects model analysis demonstrated that Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production was positively associated with endotoxin concentration and Cr as a combined exposure factor. The Cr contained the highest combined effect (0.205-0.262), suggesting that Cr can potentially exacerbate the effect of endotoxin on inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings will be useful for practical policies for mitigating air pollution to protect the public health of the citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Zhang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Hei Lui
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- School of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang C, Chen L, Xie C, Wang F, Wang J, Zhou H, Liu Q, Zeng Z, Li N, Huang J, Zhao Y, Liu H. YTHDC1 delays cellular senescence and pulmonary fibrosis by activating ATR in an m6A-independent manner. EMBO J 2024; 43:61-86. [PMID: 38177310 PMCID: PMC10883269 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of DNA damage in the lung induces cellular senescence and promotes age-related diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Hence, understanding the mechanistic regulation of DNA damage repair is important for anti-aging therapies and disease control. Here, we identified an m6A-independent role of the RNA-binding protein YTHDC1 in counteracting stress-induced pulmonary senescence and fibrosis. YTHDC1 is primarily expressed in pulmonary alveolar epithelial type 2 (AECII) cells and its AECII expression is significantly decreased in AECIIs during fibrosis. Exogenous overexpression of YTHDC1 alleviates pulmonary senescence and fibrosis independent of its m6A-binding ability, while YTHDC1 deletion enhances disease progression in mice. Mechanistically, YTHDC1 promotes the interaction between TopBP1 and MRE11, thereby activating ATR and facilitating DNA damage repair. These findings reveal a noncanonical function of YTHDC1 in delaying cellular senescence, and suggest that enhancing YTHDC1 expression in the lung could be an effective treatment strategy for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canfeng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liping Chen
- The Center for Medical Research, The First People's Hospital of Nanning City, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fengwei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haoxian Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianyi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Na Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junjiu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiying Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Ekhator OC, Orish FC, Nnadi EO, Ogaji DS, Isuman S, Orisakwe OE. Impact of black soot emissions on public health in Niger Delta, Nigeria: understanding the severity of the problem. Inhal Toxicol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38145546 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2297698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria often referred to as the 'treasure bed of the nation' is the seat of crude oil production activities with the accompanying environmental degradation. The severity of the environmental pollution and contaminated air quality took a new turn for the worse in November 2016, when the residents of Port Harcourt city, Rivers State, a major oil producing State experienced for the first time, aerosol deposition of plumes of black soot. This systematic review paper is aimed at quantifying the severity of this public health challenge. Using appropriate search words, the following databases SCOPUS, PUBMED, Google Scholar, and AJOL were searched from 1990 to 2022 to enable comparative analyses of data before and after the emergence of black soot deposition. Air-related morbidities and mortalities such as cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM), chronic bronchitis, measles, pertussis, hemoptysis, cough, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), pneumonia, eye irritation, conjunctivitis, traumatic skin outgrowth, cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and child deformities were compared with levels of air pollutants and particulate matter. The results showed that Port Harcourt city's ambient air quality data were above the standard National Ambient Air Quality data and that of other regulatory agencies having higher levels of both inorganic and organic pollutants. There were significant relationships between air pollutants concentration with morbidities. These correlations were significant in the period covering 2016-2022. Consequently, it is concluded that the black soot emissions in Port Harcourt city, Nigeria has worsened the public health situation in the city.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernest O Nnadi
- School of Energy, Construction & Environment (ECE), Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Daprim Samuel Ogaji
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Success Isuman
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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Di Ianni E, Jacobsen NR, Vogel UB, Møller P. Systematic review on primary and secondary genotoxicity of carbon black nanoparticles in mammalian cells and animals. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 790:108441. [PMID: 36007825 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black exposure causes oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the contributions of primary (i.e. direct formation of DNA damage) and secondary genotoxicity (i.e., DNA lesions produced indirectly by inflammation) to the overall level of DNA damage by carbon black. The database is dominated by studies that have measured DNA damage by the comet assay. Cell culture studies indicate a genotoxic action of carbon black, which might be mediated by oxidative stress. Many in vivo studies originate from one laboratory that has investigated the genotoxic effects of Printex 90 in mice by intra-tracheal instillation. Meta-analysis and pooled analysis of these results demonstrate that Printex 90 exposure is associated with a slightly increased level of DNA strand breaks in bronchoalveolar lavage cells and lung tissue. Other types of genotoxic damage have not been investigated as thoroughly as DNA strand breaks, although there is evidence to suggest that carbon black exposure might increase the mutation frequency and cytogenetic endpoints. Stratification of studies according to concurrent inflammation and DNA damage does not indicate that carbon black exposure gives rise to secondary genotoxicity. Even substantial pulmonary inflammation is at best only associated with a weak genotoxic response in lung tissue. In conclusion, the review indicates that nanosized carbon black is a weak genotoxic agent and this effect is more likely to originate from a primary genotoxic mechanism of action, mediated by e.g., oxidative stress, than inflammation-driven (secondary) genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ulla Birgitte Vogel
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Bygning 202, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kaur K, Mohammadpour R, Sturrock A, Ghandehari H, Reilly C, Paine R, Kelly KE. Comparison of biological responses between submerged, pseudo-air-liquid interface, and air-liquid interface exposure of A549 and differentiated THP-1 co-cultures to combustion-derived particles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:540-551. [PMID: 35722658 PMCID: PMC9354920 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2083429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Air liquid interface (ALI) exposure systems are gaining interest, and studies suggest enhanced response of lung cells exposed to particles at ALI as compared to submerged exposure, although the results have been somewhat inconsistent. Previous studies have used monocultures and measured particle deposition using assumptions including consistent particle deposition, particle density, and shape. This study exposed co-cultures of A549 and differentiated THP-1 cells to flame-generated particles using three exposure methods: ALI, pseudo-ALI, and submerged. The dose at ALI was measured directly, reducing the need for assumptions about particle properties and deposition. For all exposure methods an enhanced pro-inflammatory response (TNFα) and Cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) gene expression, compared to their corresponding negative controls, was observed. ALI exposure induced a significantly greater TNFα response compared to submerged exposure. The submerged exposures exhibited greater induction of CYP1A1 than other exposure methods, although not statistically significant. Some of the factors behind the observed difference in responses for the three exposure methods include differences in physicochemical properties of particles in suspending media, delivered dose, and potential contribution of gas-phase species to cellular response in ALI exposure. However, given the difficulty and expense of ALI exposures, submerged exposure may still provide relevant information for particulate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljeet Kaur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Raziye Mohammadpour
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anne Sturrock
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher Reilly
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kerry E. Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Ventura C, Marques C, Cadete J, Vilar M, Pedrosa JFS, Pinto F, Fernandes SN, da Rosa RR, Godinho MH, Ferreira PJT, Louro H, Silva MJ. Genotoxicity of Three Micro/Nanocelluloses with Different Physicochemical Characteristics in MG-63 and V79 Cells. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:91-108. [PMID: 35645290 PMCID: PMC9149940 DOI: 10.3390/jox12020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nanocellulose is an innovative engineered nanomaterial with an enormous potential for use in a wide array of industrial and biomedical applications and with fast growing economic value. The expanding production of nanocellulose is leading to an increased human exposure, raising concerns about their potential health effects. This study was aimed at assessing the potential toxic and genotoxic effects of different nanocelluloses in two mammalian cell lines; (2) Methods: Two micro/nanocelluloses, produced with a TEMPO oxidation pre-treatment (CNFs) and an enzymatic pre-treatment (CMFs), and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were tested in osteoblastic-like human cells (MG-63) and Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79) using the MTT and clonogenic assays to analyse cytotoxicity, and the micronucleus assay to test genotoxicity; (3) Results: cytotoxicity was observed by the clonogenic assay in V79 cells, particularly for CNCs, but not by the MTT assay; CNF induced micronuclei in both cell lines and nucleoplasmic bridges in MG-63 cells; CMF and CNC induced micronuclei and nucleoplasmic bridges in MG-63 cells, but not in V79 cells; (4) Conclusions: All nanocelluloses revealed cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, although at different concentrations, that may be related to their physicochemical differences and availability for cell uptake, and to differences in the DNA damage response of the cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Ventura
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.C.); (M.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.); (M.J.S.)
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Rua Câmara Pestana, 6 Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Catarina Marques
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.C.); (M.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.); (M.J.S.)
| | - João Cadete
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.C.); (M.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Madalena Vilar
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.C.); (M.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Jorge F. S. Pedrosa
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, Rua Silvo Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.)
| | - Fátima Pinto
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.C.); (M.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.); (M.J.S.)
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Rua Câmara Pestana, 6 Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susete Nogueira Fernandes
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Rafaela Raupp da Rosa
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Maria Helena Godinho
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology (FCT NOVA), NOVA University Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (S.N.F.); (R.R.d.R.); (M.H.G.)
| | - Paulo J. T. Ferreira
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II, Rua Silvo Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.)
| | - Henriqueta Louro
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.C.); (M.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.); (M.J.S.)
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Rua Câmara Pestana, 6 Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Silva
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal; (C.M.); (J.C.); (M.V.); (F.P.); (H.L.); (M.J.S.)
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (ToxOmics), NOVA Medical School-FCM, UNL, Rua Câmara Pestana, 6 Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
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Ho KF, Lee YC, Niu X, Xu H, Zhang R, Cao JJ, Tsai CY, Hsiao TC, Chuang HC. Organic carbon and acidic ions in PM 2.5 contributed to particle bioreactivity in Chinese megacities during haze episodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11865-11873. [PMID: 34553281 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to cardiopulmonary disease and systemic effects in humans. However, few studies have investigated the particle bioreactivity in Chinese megacities during haze episodes. The objective of this study was to determine the contributions of chemical components in PM2.5 to particle bioreactivity in Chinese megacities during haze episodes. PM2.5 samples were collected in 14 megacities across China from 23 December 2013 to 16 January 2014. Average PM2.5 concentrations ranged 88.92~199.67 μg/m3. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), anions, and cations per unit of PM2.5 were linked to cellular bioreactivity (i.e., reactive oxygen species (ROS) as assessed by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH) and inflammation as assessed by interleukin (IL)-6 in A549 cells). The contributions of chemicals in PM2.5 to ROS and inflammation were examined by the Pearson correlation coefficient and random forests. These results indicated that OC, Ca2+, SO42-, Cl-, F-, K+, and NO3- contributed to ROS production, whereas OC, Cl-, EC, K+, F-, Na+, and Ca2+ contributed to inflammation. In conclusion, PM2.5-contained OC and acidic ions are important in regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation during haze episodes. Our findings suggest that severe haze PM2.5 events cause deterioration in air quality and may adversely affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Fai Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Chun Lee
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xinyi Niu
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Renjian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Tung NT, Ho KF, Niu X, Sun J, Shen Z, Wu F, Cao J, Dung HB, Thuy TPC, Hsiao TC, Liu WT, Chuang HC. Loss of E-cadherin due to road dust PM 2.5 activates the EGFR in human pharyngeal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53872-53887. [PMID: 34036507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to road dust particulate matter (PM) causes adverse health impacts on the human airway. However, the effects of road dust on the upper airway epithelium in humans remain unclear. We investigated the involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) after PM with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 μm (PM2.5)-induced E-cadherin disruption of human pharyngeal epithelial cells. First, we collected road dust PM2.5 from 10 Chinese cities, including Wuhan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Beijing, Lanzhou, Tianjin, Harbin, and Xi'an. Human pharyngeal FaDu cells were exposed to road dust PM2.5 at 50 μg/mL for 24 h, cytotoxicity (cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) was assessed, and expressions of the proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), occludin, E-cadherin, EGFR, and phosphorylated (p)-EGFR were determined. The E-cadherin gene was then knocked down to investigate EGFR activation in FaDu cells. Exposure to road dust PM2.5 resulted in a decrease in cell viability and increases in LDH and IL-6. Our data suggested that PM2.5 could decrease expressions of occludin and E-cadherin and increase expressions of EGFR and p-EGFR, which was confirmed by E-cadherin-knockdown. Our results showed a negative association between the alterations in E-cadherin and total elemental components in correlation analysis, especially S, Cl, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Exposure to metals in PM2.5 from road dust may lead to loss of the barrier function of the upper airway epithelium and activation of the EGFR. Our study showed the adverse effects of road dust PM2.5 on pharyngeal epithelial cells of the human upper airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Tung
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hoang Ba Dung
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Phan Chung Thuy
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen XC, Chuang HC, Ward TJ, Sarkar C, Webster C, Cao J, Hsiao TC, Ho KF. Toxicological effects of personal exposure to fine particles in adult residents of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 275:116633. [PMID: 33561752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological studies have demonstrated the associations between fine particle (PM2.5) components and various cytotoxic endpoints. However, few studies have investigated the toxicological effects of source-specific PM2.5 at the individual level. To investigate the potential impact of source-specific PM2.5 on cytotoxic effects, we performed repeated personal PM2.5 monitoring of 48 adult participants in Hong Kong during the winter and summer of 2014-2015. Quartz filters were analyzed for carbonaceous aerosols and water-soluble ions in PM2.5. Teflon filters were collected to determine personal PM2.5 mass and metal concentrations. The toxicological effects of personal PM2.5 exposure-including cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production-were measured using A549 cells in vitro. Personal PM2.5 samples collected in winter were more effective than those collected in summer at inducing cytotoxicity and the expression of proinflammation cytokine IL-6. By contrast, summer personal PM2.5 samples induced high ROS production. We performed a series of statistical analyses, Spearman correlation and a source apportionment approach with a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, to explore the sources contributing most significantly to personal PM2.5 bioreactivity. Secondary inorganic species and transition metals were discovered to be weak-to-moderately associated with cytotoxicity (rs: 0.26-0.55; p < 0.01) and inflammatory response (rs: 0.26-0.44; p < 0.05), respectively. Carbonaceous aerosols (i.e., organic and elemental carbon; rs: 0.23-0.27; p < 0.05) and crustal material (Mg and Ca) was positively associated with ROS generation. The PMF-MLR models revealed that tailpipe exhaust and secondary sulfate contributed to ROS generation, whereas secondary nitrate was the major contributor to PM2.5 cytotoxicity and inflammation. These results improve and variate the arguments for practical policies designed to mitigate the risks posed by air pollution sources and to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony J Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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10
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Chuang HC, Shie RH, Lee CH, Chio CP, Yuan TH, Lee JH, Chan CC. Associations of soluble metals and lung and liver toxicity in mice induced by fine particulate matter originating from a petrochemical complex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34442-34452. [PMID: 32557032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adverse health effects have been observed in nearby residents due to exposure to petrochemical-derived chemicals. The objective of this study was to examine associations of soluble metals with lung and liver toxicity in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex. PM2.5 was collected in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex of Mailiao Township (Yunlin County, Taiwan) to investigate lung and liver toxicity in BALB/c mice. The PM2.5 concentration was 30.2 ± 11.2 μg/m3, and the PM2.5 was clustered in major local emissions (19.1 μg/m3) and minor local emissions (14.1 μg/m3) using a k-means clustering model. The PM2.5 (50 and 150 μg/kg) and PM2.5-equivalent soluble nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and lead (Pb) concentrations were intratracheally instilled into BALB/c mice. PM2.5 and V significantly decreased the tidal volume after exposure (p < 0.05). The peak expiratory flow (PEF) and peak inspiratory flow (PIF)/PEF ratio were significantly altered by 150 μg/kg V (p < 0.05). V and Pb significantly increased total protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (p < 0.05). Interleukin (IL)-6 in BALF significantly increased after exposure to Pb (p < 0.05) accompanied by lung inflammatory infiltration. PM2.5 and Pb significantly increased levels of 8-isoprostane (p < 0.05). The level of caspase-3 activity significantly increased after exposure to Pb (p < 0.05). LDH in the liver was significantly increased by PM2.5 (p < 0.05). 8-Isoprostane in the liver was significantly increased by PM2.5 and Pb (p < 0.05). IL-6 in the liver was significantly increased by PM2.5, Ni, V, and Pb after exposure (p < 0.05), accompanied by liver inflammatory infiltration. Our results demonstrated that V in PM2.5 was associated with an increase in 8-isoprostane for all emissions and major local petrochemical emissions. In conclusion, V contributes to in vivo liver toxicity induced by PM2.5 in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Taiwan CardioPulmonary Research (T-CPR) Group, School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Hong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pin Chio
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Huan Lee
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Chen XC, Chuang HC, Ward TJ, Tian L, Cao JJ, Ho SSH, Lau NC, Hsiao TC, Yim SH, Ho KF. Indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure to PM 2.5 and their bioreactivity among healthy residents of Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109780. [PMID: 32554275 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct evidence about associations between fine particles (PM2.5) components and the corresponding PM2.5 bioreactivity at the individual level is limited. We conducted a panel study with repeated personal measurements involving 56 healthy residents in Hong Kong. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels were measured from these subjects. Out of 56 subjects, 27 (48.2%) participated in concurrent outdoor, indoor, and personal PM2.5 monitoring. Organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), particle bound-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phthalates were analyzed. Alteration in cell viability, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 8-isoprostane by 50 μg/mL PM2.5 extracts was determined in A549 cells in vitro. Moderate heterogeneities were shown in PM2.5 exposures and the corresponding PM2.5 bioreactivity across different sample types. Associations between the analyzed components and PM2.5 bioreactivity were assessed using the multiple regression models. Toxicological results revealed that indoor and personal exposure to OC as well as PAH compounds and their derivatives (e.g., Alkyl-PAHs, Oxy-PAHs) induced cell viability reduction and increase in levels of LDH, IL-6, and 8-isoprostane. Overall, OC in personal exposure played a dominant role in PM2.5-induced bioreactivity. Subsequently, we examined the associations of FeNO with IL-6 and 8-isoprostane levels using mixed-effects models. The results showed that per interquartile change in IL-6 and 8-isoprostane were associated with a 6.4% (p < 0.01) and 11.1% (p < 0.01) increase in FeNO levels, respectively. Our study explored the toxicological properties of chemical components in PM2.5 exposure, which suggested that residential indoors and personal OC and PAHs should be of great concern for human health. These findings indicated that further studies in inflammation and oxidative stress-related illnesses due to particle exposure would benefit from the assessment of in vitro PM2.5 bioreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; Now at: Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony J Ward
- School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai-Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ngar-Cheung Lau
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steve Hl Yim
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Li Y, Yang M, Meng T, Niu Y, Dai Y, Zhang L, Zheng X, Jalava P, Dong G, Gao W, Zheng Y. Oxidative stress induced by ultrafine carbon black particles can elicit apoptosis in vivo and vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:135802. [PMID: 31887498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon black (CB) particles have potential hazards to human health, the toxicological studies on CB are still limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress induced by ultrafine CB particles on apoptosis in vivo and vitro. Male C57BL/6 mice were inhalation exposed to CB for 28 days, and 16HBE cells were treated by CB particles and also added antioxidant (NAC). Antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT, SOD, GSH-Px) and ROS in the lungs and cells were evaluated. Apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, pro-Caspase-3, Caspase-7, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, PARP-1) were tested by Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and real-time PCR. The reduction of antioxidant enzymes activities and the addition of ROS in CB exposure groups were observed, and the gene and apoptosis-related proteins levels were increased in CB exposure mice. The results of CB-treated 16HBE cells were consistent with those of mice, and apoptosis rate was increased in CB-treated 16HBE cells. When the cells were treated with NAC, ROS induced by CB decreased, SOD and CAT activities of CB-treated 16HBE cells were increased. Apoptosis rate of 16HBE cells treated with NAC and CB was significantly decreased, and the expression of C-Caspase-3 was also decreased. Therefore, oxidative stress induced by ultrafine CB particles can elicit apoptosis in vivo and vitro. Antioxidants can significantly reduce oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mo Yang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Meng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Niu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Dai
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong Rd, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaomei Zheng
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Guanghui Dong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, 3302 Health Sciences Center, HSC South, 64 Medical Center Drive Morgantown, WV 26506
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Lin W, Dai J, Liu R, Zhai Y, Yue D, Hu Q. Integrated assessment of health risk and climate effects of black carbon in the Pearl River Delta region, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108522. [PMID: 31202046 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black carbon (BC) caused by incomplete combustion of fossil and bio-fuel has a dual effect on health and climate. There is a need for systematic approaches to evaluation of health outcomes and climate impacts relevant to BC exposure. OBJECTIVES We propose and illustrate for the first time, to our knowledge, an integrated analysis of a region-specific health model with climate change valuation module to quantify the health and climate consequences of BC exposure. METHODS Based on the data from regional air pollution monitoring stations from 2013 to 2014 in the Pearl River Delta region (PRD), China, we analyzed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects and the relative risk of cause-specific mortality due to BC exposure in three typical cities of the PRD (i.e. Guangzhou, Jiangmen and Huizhou). The radiative forcing (RF) and heating rate (HR) were calculated by the Fu-Liou-Gu (FLG) plane-parallel radiation model and the conversion of empirical formula. We further connected the health and climate impacts by calculating the excess mortalities attributed to climate warming due to BC. RESULTS Between 2013 and 2014, carcinogenic risks of adults and children due to BC exposure in the PRD were higher than the recommended limits (1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-4), resulting in an excess of 4.82 cancer cases per 10,000 adults (4.82 × 10-4) and an excess of 1.97 cancer cases per 10,000 children (1.97 × 10-4). Non-carcinogenic risk caused by BC was not found. The relative risks of BC exposure on mortality were higher in winter and dry season. The atmospheric RFs of BC were 26.31 W m-2, 26.41 W m-2, and 22.45 W m-2 for Guangzhou, Jiangmen and Huizhou, leading to a warming of the atmosphere in the PRD. The estimated annual excess mortalities of climate warming due to BC were 5052 (95% CI: 1983, 8139), 5121 (95% CI: 2010, 8249) and 4363 (95% CI: 1712, 7032) for Guangzhou, Jiangmen and Huizhou, respectively. CONCLUSION Our estimates suggest that current levels of BC exposure in the PRD region posed a considerable risk to human health and the climate. Reduction of BC emission could lead to substantial health and climate co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Run Liu
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou 510308, China
| | - Dingli Yue
- Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou 510308, China.
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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14
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Ho KF, Wu KC, Niu X, Wu Y, Zhu CS, Wu F, Cao JJ, Shen ZX, Hsiao TC, Chuang KJ, Chuang HC. Contributions of local pollution emissions to particle bioreactivity in downwind cities in China during Asian dust periods. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:675-683. [PMID: 30497001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of pollution emissions on the bioreactivity of PM2.5 during Asian dust periods. PM2.5 during the sampling period were 104.2 and 85.7 μg m-3 in Xi'an and Beijing, respectively, whereas PM2.5 which originated from the Tengger Desert was collected (dust background). Pollution conditions were classified as non-dust days, pollution episode (PE), dust storm (DS)-1, and DS-2 periods. We observed a significant decrease in cell viability and an increase in LDH that occurred in A549 cells after exposure to PM2.5 during a PE and DS-1 in Xi'an and Beijing compared to Tengger Desert PM2.5. Positive matrix factorization was used to identify pollution emission sources. PM2.5 from biomass and industrial sources contributed to alterations in cell viability and LDH in Xi'an, whereas vehicle emissions contributed to LDH in Beijing. OC, EC, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Pb were correlated with cell viability and LDH for industrial emissions in Xi'an during DS. OC, EC, SO42-, S, Ti, Mn, and Fe were correlated with LDH for vehicle emissions in Beijing during DS. In conclusion, the dust may carry pollutants on its surface to downwind areas, leading to increased risks of particle toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Fai Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kuan-Che Wu
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xinyi Niu
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Shu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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15
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Chuang HC, Sun J, Ni H, Tian J, Lui KH, Han Y, Cao J, Huang RJ, Shen Z, Ho KF. Characterization of the chemical components and bioreactivity of fine particulate matter produced during crop-residue burning in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:226-234. [PMID: 30423537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Five types of crop residue (rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, and sugarcane) collected from different provinces in China were used to characterize the chemical components and bioreactivity properties of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions during open-burning scenarios. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were the most abundant components, contributing 41.7%-54.9% of PM2.5 emissions. The OC/EC ratio ranged from 8.8 to 31.2, indicating that organic matter was the dominant component of emissions. Potassium and chloride were the most abundant components in the portion of PM2.5 composed of water-soluble ions. The coefficient of divergence ranged from 0.27 to 0.51 among various emissions profiles. All samples exposed to a high PM2.5 concentration (150 μg/mL) exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability (A549 lung alveolar epithelial cells) and increase in lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and interleukin 6 levels compared with those exposed to 20 or 0 μg/mL. Higher bioreactivity (determined according to LDH and interleukin 6 level) was observed for the rice, wheat, and corn samples than for the sorghum straw samples. Pearson's correlation analysis suggested that OC, heavy metals (chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, tin, and barium), and water-soluble ions (fluoride, calcium, and sulfate) are the components potentially associated with LDH production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haiyan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ka Hei Lui
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yongming Han
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China; The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Causation by Diesel Exhaust Particles of Endothelial Dysfunctions in Cytotoxicity, Pro-inflammation, Permeability, and Apoptosis Induced by ROS Generation. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:384-392. [PMID: 26965709 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that an increase of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in ambient air corresponds to an increase in hospital-recorded myocardial infarctions within 48 h after exposure. Among the many theories to explain this data are endothelial dysfunction and translocation of DEP into vasculature. The mechanisms for such DEP-induced vascular permeability remain unknown. One of the major mechanisms underlying the effects of DEP is suggested to be oxidative stress. Experiments have shown that DEP induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and H2O2 in the HUVEC tube cells. Transcription factor Nrf2 is translocated to the cell nucleus, where it activates transcription of the antioxidative enzyme HO-1 and sequentially induces the release of vascular permeability factor VEGF-A. Furthermore, a recent study shows that DEP-induced intracellular ROS may cause the release of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6, which may induce endothelial permeability as well by promoting VEGF-A secretion independently of HO-1 activation. These results demonstrated that the adherens junction molecule, VE-cadherin, becomes redistributed from the membrane at cell-cell borders to the cytoplasm in response to DEP, separating the plasma membranes of adjacent cells. DEP were occasionally found in endothelial cell cytoplasm and in tube lumen. In addition, the induced ROS is cytotoxic to the endothelial tube-like HUVEC. Acute DEP exposure stimulates ATP depletion, followed by depolarization of their actin cytoskeleton, which sequentially inhibits PI3K/Akt activity and induces endothelial apoptosis. Nevertheless, high-dose DEP augments tube cell apoptosis up to 70 % but disrupts the p53 negative regulator Mdm2. In summary, exposure to DEP affects parameters influencing vasculature permeability and viability, i.e., oxidative stress and its upregulated antioxidative and pro-inflammatory responses, which sequentially induce vascular permeability factor, VEGF-A release and disrupt cell-cell junction integrity. While exposure to a low dose of DEP actin triggers cytoskeleton depolarization, reduces PI3K/Akt activity, and induces a p53/Mdm2 feedback loop, a high dose causes apoptosis by depleting Mdm2. Addition of ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine suppresses DEP-induced oxidative stress efficiently and reduces subsequent damages by increasing endogenous glutathione.
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Chuang HC, Shie RH, Chio CP, Yuan TH, Lee JH, Chan CC. Cluster analysis of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) emissions and its bioreactivity in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:591-597. [PMID: 29428713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated associations between the bioreactivity of PM2.5in vitro and emission sources in the vicinity of a petrochemical complex in Taiwan. The average PM2.5 was 30.2 μg/m3 from 9 February to 23 March 2016, and the PM2.5 was clustered in long-range transport (with major local source) (12.8 μg/m3), and major (17.3 μg/m3) and minor industrial emissions (4.7 μg/m3) using a k-means clustering model. A reduction in cell viability and increases in the cytotoxicity-related lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxidative stress-related 8-isoprostane, and inflammation-related interleukin (IL)-6 occurred due to PM2.5 in a dose-dependent manner. The PM2.5 from major industrial emissions was significantly correlated with increased 8-isoprostane and IL-6, but this was not observed for long-range transport or minor industrial emissions. The bulk metal concentration was 9.52 ng/m3 in PM2.5. We further observed that As, Ba, Cd, and Se were correlated with LDH in the long-range transport group. Pb in PM2.5 from the major industrial emissions was correlated with LDH, whereas Pb and Se were correlated with 8-isoprostane. Sr was correlated with cell viability in the minor industrial emissions group. We demonstrated a new approach to investigate particle bioreactivity, which suggested that petrochemical-emitted PM2.5 should be a concern for surrounding residents' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Pin Chio
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jui-Huan Lee
- Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Chuan Chan
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chaudhuri I, Fruijtier-Pölloth C, Ngiewih Y, Levy L. Evaluating the evidence on genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity of carbon black: a critical review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017; 48:143-169. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1391746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishrat Chaudhuri
- Safety, Health and Environment, Cabot Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Len Levy
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Feng H, Hu G, Wang L, Liu J, Gao X, Shang J, Zhu T, Tang S, Jia G. Effects of 1,4-naphthoquinone aged carbon black particles on the cell membrane of human bronchial epithelium. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:21-27. [PMID: 28668704 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are major atmospheric pollutants in China, are hazardous to humans following inhalation. BC can be oxidized by PAHs forming secondary particles of which the health effects are unknown. In this study, carbon black (CB) was used to simulate BC to reveal the adverse effects of 1,4-naphthoquinone aged carbon black (CB/1,4-NQ) particles on the membrane of human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. It was showed that, the cell viability, cell membrane fluidity, membrane potential and mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly decreased after 16HBE cells were treated with CB, 1,4-NQ or CB/1,4-NQ. Meanwhile, the cell membrane permeability and intracellular Ca2+ concentration were increased. CB/1,4-NQ could induce more adverse effects on cell membrane than single CB treated, while less than 1,4-NQ. The results indicated that CB/1,4-NQ particles in the atmosphere may cause more damage to health, and the effects on cell membrane can be used to evaluate the early health effects of the particulate matter exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 014030, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 014030, China
| | - Huimin Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guiping Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lele Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shichuan Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Occupational Safety and Health, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Niranjan R, Thakur AK. The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways. Front Immunol 2017; 8:763. [PMID: 28713383 PMCID: PMC5492873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but differ in their constituents and percent carbon contents. For the first time, “Sir Percival Pott” described soot as a carcinogen, which was subsequently confirmed by many others. The existing data suggest three main types of diseases due to soot and CB exposures: cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Experimental models revealed the involvement of oxidative stress, DNA methylation, formation of DNA adducts, and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation as the key mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced cancers. Metals including Si, Fe, Mn, Ti, and Co in soot also contribute in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage. Mechanistically, ROS-induced DNA damage is further enhanced by eosinophils and neutrophils via halide (Cl− and Br−) dependent DNA adducts formation. The activation of pulmonary dendritic cells, T helper type 2 cells, and mast cells is crucial mediators in the pathology of soot- or CB-induced respiratory disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were also found to modulate T cells functions in respiratory diseases. Particularly, telomerase reverse transcriptase was found to play the critical role in soot- and CB-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. In this review, we propose integrated mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced toxicity emphasizing the role of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. We also suggest use of antioxidants and PUFAs as protective strategies against soot- and CB-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Niranjan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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21
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Ho KF, Chang CC, Tian L, Chan CS, Musa Bandowe BA, Lui KH, Lee KY, Chuang KJ, Liu CY, Ning Z, Chuang HC. Effects of polycyclic aromatic compounds in fine particulate matter generated from household coal combustion on response to EGFR mutations in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 218:1262-1269. [PMID: 27613327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Induction of PM2.5-associated lung cancer in response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) remains unclear. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their polar derivatives (oxygenated PAHs: OPAHs and azaarenes: AZAs) were characterized in fine particulates (PM2.5) emitted from indoor coal combustion. Samples were collected in Xuanwei (Yunnan Province), a region in China with a high rate of lung cancer. Human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 (with wild-type EGFR) and HCC827 (with EGFR mutation) were exposed to the PM2.5, followed by treatment with EGFR-TKI. Two samples showed significant and dose-dependent reduction in the cell viability in A549. EGFR-TKI further demonstrated significantly decreased in cell viability in A549 after exposure to the coal emissions. Chrysene and triphenylene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, azaarenes and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (carbonyl-OPAHs) were all associated with EGFR-TKI-dependent reduced cell viability after 72-h exposure to the PM2.5. The findings suggest the coal emissions could influence the response of EGFR-TKI in lung cancer cells in Xuanwei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Fai Ho
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Sing Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Benjamin A Musa Bandowe
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Falkenplatz 16, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ka-Hei Lui
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Liu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Division of Oncology and Interventional Bronchoscopy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhi Ning
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Longhin E, Gualtieri M, Capasso L, Bengalli R, Mollerup S, Holme JA, Øvrevik J, Casadei S, Di Benedetto C, Parenti P, Camatini M. Physico-chemical properties and biological effects of diesel and biomass particles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 215:366-375. [PMID: 27194366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diesel combustion and solid biomass burning are the major sources of ultrafine particles (UFP) in urbanized areas. Cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, are possible outcomes of combustion particles exposure, but differences in particles properties seem to influence their biological effects. Here the physico-chemical properties and biological effects of diesel and biomass particles, produced under controlled laboratory conditions, have been characterized. Diesel UFP were sampled from a Euro 4 light duty vehicle without DPF fuelled by commercial diesel and run over a chassis dyno. Biomass UFP were collected from a modern automatic 25 kW boiler propelled by prime quality spruce pellet. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of both diesel and biomass samples showed aggregates of soot particles, but in biomass samples ash particles were also present. Chemical characterization showed that metals and PAHs total content was higher in diesel samples compared to biomass ones. Human bronchial epithelial (HBEC3) cells were exposed to particles for up to 2 weeks. Changes in the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism were observed after exposure to both UFP already after 24 h. However, only diesel particles modulated the expression of genes involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increased the release of inflammatory mediators and caused phenotypical alterations, mostly after two weeks of exposure. These results show that diesel UFP affected cellular processes involved in lung and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Biomass particles exerted low biological activity compared to diesel UFP. This evidence emphasizes that the study of different emission sources contribution to ambient PM toxicity may have a fundamental role in the development of more effective strategies for air quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Longhin
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Gualtieri
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development - ENEA-SSPT-MET-INAT, Strada per Crescentino 41, 13040, Saluggia, Vercelli, Italy.
| | - Laura Capasso
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Bengalli
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Steen Mollerup
- Dept. of Biological and Chemical Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, N-0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Domain for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simone Casadei
- Innovhub-SSI Fuels Division, Via Galileo Galilei, 1, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Di Benedetto
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Parenti
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Camatini
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
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23
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Lui KH, Bandowe BAM, Ho SSH, Chuang HC, Cao JJ, Chuang KJ, Lee SC, Hu D, Ho KF. Characterization of chemical components and bioreactivity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during incense burning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:524-532. [PMID: 26994327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and bioreactivity properties of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted during controlled burning of different brands of incense were characterized. Incenses marketed as being environmentally friendly emitted lower mass of PM2.5 particulates than did traditional incenses. However, the environmentally friendly incenses produced higher total concentrations of non-volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs). Human alveolar epithelial A549 cells were exposed to the collected PM2.5, followed by determining oxidative stress and inflammation. There was moderate to strong positive correlation (R > 0.60, p < 0.05) between selected PAHs and OPAHs against oxidative-inflammatory responses. Strong positive correlation was observed between interleukin 6 (IL-6) and summation of total Group B2 PAHs/OPAHs (∑7PAHs/ΣOPAHs). The experimental data indicate that emissions from the environmentally friendly incenses contained higher concentrations of several PAH and OPAH compounds than did traditional incense. Moreover, these PAHs and OPAHs were strongly correlated with inflammatory responses. The findings suggest a need to revise existing regulation of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lui
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China; Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Research Center of Urban Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - K F Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Diallyl trisulfide inhibits naphthalene-induced oxidative injury and the production of inflammatory responses in A549 cells and mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:326-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chuang HC, Ho KF, Cao JJ, Chuang KJ, Ho SSH, Feng PH, Tian L, Lee CH, Han YM, Lee CN, Cheng TJ. Effects of non-protein-type amino acids of fine particulate matter on E-cadherin and inflammatory responses in mice. Toxicol Lett 2015; 237:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Møller P, Hemmingsen JG, Jensen DM, Danielsen PH, Karottki DG, Jantzen K, Roursgaard M, Cao Y, Kermanizadeh A, Klingberg H, Christophersen DV, Hersoug LG, Loft S. Applications of the comet assay in particle toxicology: air pollution and engineered nanomaterials exposure. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:67-83. [PMID: 25527730 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particles is associated with elevated levels of DNA strand breaks (SBs) and endonuclease III, formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) and oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites in cell cultures, animals and humans. In both animals and cell cultures, increases in SB and in oxidatively damaged DNA are seen after exposure to a range of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), including carbon black, carbon nanotubes, fullerene C60, ZnO, silver and gold. Exposure to TiO2 has generated mixed data with regard to SB and oxidatively damaged DNA in cell cultures. Nanosilica does not seem to be associated with generation of FPG-sensitive sites in cell cultures, while large differences in SB generation between studies have been noted. Single-dose airway exposure to nanosized carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in animal models seems to be associated with elevated DNA damage levels in lung tissue in comparison to similar exposure to TiO2 and fullerene C60. Oral exposure has been associated with augmented DNA damage levels in cells of internal organs, although the doses have been typically very high. Intraveneous and intraperitoneal injection of ENMs have shown contradictory results dependent on the type of ENM and dose in each set of experiments. In conclusion, the exposure to both combustion-derived particles and ENMs is associated with increased levels of DNA damage in the comet assay. Particle size, composition and crystal structure of ENM are considered important determinants of toxicity, whereas their combined contributions to genotoxicity in the comet assay are yet to be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jette Gjerke Hemmingsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ditte Marie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Pernille Høgh Danielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Dorina Gabriela Karottki
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Kim Jantzen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Martin Roursgaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Ali Kermanizadeh
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Henrik Klingberg
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Daniel Vest Christophersen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Lars-Georg Hersoug
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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27
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Le Vee M, Jouan E, Stieger B, Lecureur V, Fardel O. Regulation of human hepatic drug transporter activity and expression by diesel exhaust particle extract. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121232. [PMID: 25803276 PMCID: PMC4372591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are common environmental air pollutants primarily affecting the lung. DEPs or chemicals adsorbed on DEPs also exert extra-pulmonary effects, including alteration of hepatic drug detoxifying enzyme expression. The present study was designed to determine whether organic DEP extract (DEPe) may target hepatic drug transporters that contribute in a major way to drug detoxification. Using primary human hepatocytes and transporter-overexpressing cells, DEPe was first shown to strongly inhibit activities of the sinusoidal solute carrier (SLC) uptake transporters organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP) 1B1, 1B3 and 2B1 and of the canalicular ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pump multidrug resistance-associated protein 2, with IC50 values ranging from approximately 1 to 20 μg/mL and relevant to environmental exposure situations. By contrast, 25 μg/mL DEPe failed to alter activities of the SLC transporter organic cation transporter (OCT) 1 and of the ABC efflux pumps P-glycoprotein and bile salt export pump (BSEP), whereas it only moderately inhibited those of sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide and of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Treatment by 25 μg/mL DEPe was next demonstrated to induce expression of BCRP at both mRNA and protein level in cultured human hepatic cells, whereas it concomitantly repressed mRNA expression of various transporters, including OATP1B3, OATP2B1, OCT1 and BSEP. Such changes in transporter expression were found to be highly correlated to those caused by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a reference activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. This suggests that DEPe, which is enriched in known ligands of AhR like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alters drug transporter expression via activation of the AhR cascade. Taken together, these data established human hepatic transporters as targets of organic chemicals containing in DEPs, which may contribute to their systemic effects through impairing hepatic transport of endogenous compound or drug substrates of these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Le Vee
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouan
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET), UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 2 rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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Gordon SB, Bruce NG, Grigg J, Hibberd PL, Kurmi OP, Lam KBH, Mortimer K, Asante KP, Balakrishnan K, Balmes J, Bar-Zeev N, Bates MN, Breysse PN, Buist S, Chen Z, Havens D, Jack D, Jindal S, Kan H, Mehta S, Moschovis P, Naeher L, Patel A, Perez-Padilla R, Pope D, Rylance J, Semple S, Martin WJ. Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:823-60. [PMID: 25193349 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A third of the world's population uses solid fuel derived from plant material (biomass) or coal for cooking, heating, or lighting. These fuels are smoky, often used in an open fire or simple stove with incomplete combustion, and result in a large amount of household air pollution when smoke is poorly vented. Air pollution is the biggest environmental cause of death worldwide, with household air pollution accounting for about 3·5-4 million deaths every year. Women and children living in severe poverty have the greatest exposures to household air pollution. In this Commission, we review evidence for the association between household air pollution and respiratory infections, respiratory tract cancers, and chronic lung diseases. Respiratory infections (comprising both upper and lower respiratory tract infections with viruses, bacteria, and mycobacteria) have all been associated with exposure to household air pollution. Respiratory tract cancers, including both nasopharyngeal cancer and lung cancer, are strongly associated with pollution from coal burning and further data are needed about other solid fuels. Chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchiectasis in women, are associated with solid fuel use for cooking, and the damaging effects of exposure to household air pollution in early life on lung development are yet to be fully described. We also review appropriate ways to measure exposure to household air pollution, as well as study design issues and potential effective interventions to prevent these disease burdens. Measurement of household air pollution needs individual, rather than fixed in place, monitoring because exposure varies by age, gender, location, and household role. Women and children are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of pollution and are exposed to the highest concentrations. Interventions should target these high-risk groups and be of sufficient quality to make the air clean. To make clean energy available to all people is the long-term goal, with an intermediate solution being to make available energy that is clean enough to have a health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Gordon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Nigel G Bruce
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Paediatrics, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Patricia L Hibberd
- Division of Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Om P Kurmi
- Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kin-bong Hubert Lam
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kevin Mortimer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kwaku Poku Asante
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India
| | - John Balmes
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael N Bates
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick N Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Buist
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah Havens
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Darby Jack
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sumi Mehta
- Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Moschovis
- Division of Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luke Naeher
- The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Pope
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Sean Semple
- University of Aberdeen, Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, Division of Applied Health Sciences, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Aberdeen, UK
| | - William J Martin
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Lee KY, Wong CKC, Chuang KJ, Bien MY, Cao JJ, Han YM, Tian L, Chang CC, Feng PH, Ho KF, Chuang HC. Methionine oxidation in albumin by fine haze particulate matter: an in vitro and in vivo study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 274:384-391. [PMID: 24801896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential effects of inhaled fine particulate matter (PM2.5), found in haze episodes, on the oxidation of the proteins in the lungs are not well understood. We investigated the effects of PM2.5 from haze episodes on protein oxidation. PM2.5 was collected from the air pollution in Beijing (BJ), Xian (XA), Xiamen (XM) and Hong Kong (HK) during a period of intensive haze episodes. The chemical characteristics of these samples and their effects on albumin oxidation were investigated. The levels of PM2.5 in BJ and XA were 4-6 times higher than in XM and HK. The concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) components of the PM2.5 from BJ and XA were 10 times higher than those found in XM and HK. The haze PM2.5 increased oxidative stress. Addition of PM2.5 samples collected from haze episodes to albumin in vitro resulted in oxidation of methionine moieties; nasal instillation of PM2.5 suspensions in mice resulted in oxidation of methionine in the albumin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The methionine moieties participate in peptide chain crosslinking, and methionine oxidation in the albumin could be attributed to the PAH compounds. Our findings may be helpful in explaining the potential respiratory effects during haze episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yun Lee
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chris Kong-Chu Wong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution-Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Mauo-Ying Bien
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Ji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China.
| | - Yong-Ming Han
- Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China.
| | - Linwei Tian
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Health Risk Analysis, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen TT, Chuang KJ, Chiang LL, Chen CC, Yeh CT, Wang LS, Gregory C, Jones T, BéruBé K, Lee CN, Chuang HC, Cheng TJ. Characterization of the interactions between protein and carbon black. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 264:127-135. [PMID: 24291665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A considerable amount of studies have been conducted to investigate the interactions of biological fluids with nanoparticle surfaces, which exhibit a high affinity for proteins and particles. However, the mechanisms underlying these interactions have not been elucidated, particularly as they relate to human health. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and mice bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as models for protein-particle conjugates, we characterized the physicochemical modifications of carbon blacks (CB) with 23nm or 65nm in diameter after protein treatment. Adsorbed BALF-containing proteins were quantified and identified by pathways, biological analyses and protein classification. Significant modifications of the physicochemistry of CB were induced by the addition of BSA. Enzyme modulators and hydrolase predominately interacted with CB, with protein-to-CB interactions that were associated with the coagulation pathways. Additionally, our results revealed that an acute-phase response could be activated by these proteins. With regard to human health, the present study revealed that the CB can react with proteins (∼55kDa and 70kDa) after inhalation and may modify the functional structures of lung proteins, leading to the activation of acute-inflammatory responses in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Tao Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health and Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Ling Chiang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Shun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Clive Gregory
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | - Tim Jones
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | - Kelly BéruBé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
| | - Chun-Nin Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tsun-Jen Cheng
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Vlachogianni T, Fiotakis K, Loridas S, Perdicaris S, Valavanidis A. Potential toxicity and safety evaluation of nanomaterials for the respiratory system and lung cancer. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2013; 4:71-82. [PMID: 28210136 PMCID: PMC5217444 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s23216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are a diverse group of materials finding increasing use in manufacturing, computing, food, pharmaceuticals, and biomedicine due to their very small size and exceptional properties. Health and safety concerns for ENMs have forced regulatory agencies to consider preventive measures and regulations for workers’ health and safety protection. Respiratory system toxicity from inhalable ENMs is the most important concern to health specialists. In this review, we focus on similarities and differences between conventional microparticles (diameters in mm and μm), which have been previously studied, and nanoparticles (sizes between 1 and 100 nm) in terms of size, composition, and mechanisms of action in biological systems. In past decades, respirable particulate matter (PM), asbestos fibers, crystalline silicate, and various amorphous dusts have been studied, and epidemiological evidence has shown how dangerous they are to human health, especially from exposure in working environments. Scientific evidence has shown that there is a close connection between respirable PM and pulmonary oxidative stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). There is a close connection between oxidative stress in the cell and the elicitation of an inflammatory response via pro-inflammatory gene transcription. Inflammatory processes increase the risk for lung cancer. Studies in vitro and in vivo in the last decade have shown that engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) at various doses can cause ROS generation, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory gene expression in the cell. It is assumed that ENPs have the potential to cause acute respiratory diseases and probably lung cancer in humans. The situation regarding chronic exposure at low doses is more complicated. The long-term accumulation of ENPs in the respiratory system cannot be excluded. However, at present, exposure data for the general public regarding ENPs are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stamatis Perdicaris
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Su CL, Chen TT, Chang CC, Chuang KJ, Wu CK, Liu WT, Ho KF, Lee KY, Ho SC, Tseng HE, Chuang HC, Cheng TJ. Comparative proteomics of inhaled silver nanoparticles in healthy and allergen provoked mice. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2783-99. [PMID: 23946650 PMCID: PMC3742529 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s46997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been associated with the exacerbation of asthma; however, the immunological basis for the adjuvant effects of AgNPs is not well understood. Objective The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the allergic effects of AgNP inhalation using proteomic approaches. Methods Allergen provoked mice were exposed to 33 nm AgNPs at 3.3 mg/m3. Following this, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma were collected to determine protein profiles. Results In total, 106 and 79 AgNP-unique proteins were identified in the BALF of control and allergic mice, respectively. Additionally, 40 and 26 AgNP-unique proteins were found in the plasma of control and allergic mice, respectively. The BALF and plasma protein profiles suggested that metabolic, cellular, and immune system processes were associated with pulmonary exposure to AgNPs. In addition, we observed 18 proteins associated with systemic lupus erythematosus that were commonly expressed in both control and allergic mice after AgNP exposure. Significant allergy responses were observed after AgNP exposure in control and allergic mice, as determined by ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E. Conclusion Inhaled AgNPs may regulate immune responses in the lungs of both control and allergic mice. Our results suggest that immunology is a vital response to AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ling Su
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chuang HC, Jones T, Chen TT, BéruBé K. Cytotoxic effects of incense particles in relation to oxidative stress, the cell cycle and F-actin assembly. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:229-37. [PMID: 23685081 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that combustion-derived smoke, such as that produced during incense burning, is a deleterious air pollutant. It is capable of initiating oxidative stress and mutation; however, the related apoptotic processes remain unclear. In order to elucidate the biological mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced respiratory toxicology, alveolar epithelial A549 cells were exposed to incense particulate matter (PM), with and without antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). The cross-linking associations between oxidative capacity, cell cycle events, actin cytoskeletal dynamics and intracellular calcium signals were investigated. An incense PM suspension caused significant oxidative stress in A549 cells, as shown by inhibition of the cell cycle at G1 and G2/M check-points, and the induction of apoptosis at Sub-G1. At the same time, alterations in the F-actin filamentous assemblies were observed. The levels of intracellular Ca(2+) were increased after incense PM exposure. Antioxidant NAC treatment revealed that oxidative stress and F-actin remodelling was significantly mitigated. This suggests that ROS accumulation could alter cell cycle regulation and anomalous remodelling of the cortical cytoskeleton that allowed impaired cells to enter into apoptosis. This study has elucidated the integral patho-physiological interactions of incense PM and the potential mechanisms for the development of ROS-driven respiratory impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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