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Tavleeva MM, Rasova EE, Rybak AV, Belykh ES, Fefilova EA, Pnachina EM, Velegzhaninov IO. Dose-Dependent Effect of Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Gene Overexpression on Radioresistance of HEK293T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17315. [PMID: 38139144 PMCID: PMC10744337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, a multitude of gain-of-function studies have been conducted on genes that encode antioxidative enzymes, including one of the key enzymes, manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). The results of such studies are often contradictory, as they strongly depend on many factors, such as the gene overexpression level. In this study, the effect of altering the ectopic expression level of major transcript variants of the SOD2 gene on the radioresistance of HEK293T cells was investigated using CRISPRa technology. A significant increase in cell viability in comparison with the transfection control was detected in cells with moderate SOD2 overexpression after irradiation at 2 Gy, but not at 3 or 5 Gy. A further increase in the level of SOD2 ectopic expression up to 22.5-fold resulted in increased cell viability detectable only after irradiation at 5 Gy. Furthermore, a 15-20-fold increase in SOD2 expression raised the clonogenic survival of cells after irradiation at 5 Gy. Simultaneous overexpression of genes encoding SOD2 and Catalase (CAT) enhanced clonogenic cell survival after irradiation more effectively than separate overexpression of both. In conjunction with the literature data on the suppression of the procarcinogenic effects of superoxide dismutase overexpression by ectopic expression of CAT, the data presented here suggest the potential efficacy of simultaneous overexpression of SOD2 and CAT to reduce oxidative stress occurring in various pathological processes. Moreover, these results illustrate the importance of selecting the degree of SOD2 overexpression to obtain a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M. Tavleeva
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Elena E. Rasova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Anna V. Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Elena S. Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Elizaveta A. Fefilova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia;
| | - Elizaveta M. Pnachina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia;
| | - Ilya O. Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
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Effects of Antioxidant Gene Overexpression on Stress Resistance and Malignization In Vitro and In Vivo: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122316. [PMID: 36552527 PMCID: PMC9774954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal products of a number of biochemical reactions and are important signaling molecules. However, at the same time, they are toxic to cells and have to be strictly regulated by their antioxidant systems. The etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases are associated with increased ROS levels, and many external stress factors directly or indirectly cause oxidative stress in cells. Within this context, the overexpression of genes encoding the proteins in antioxidant systems seems to have become a viable approach to decrease the oxidative stress caused by pathological conditions and to increase cellular stress resistance. However, such manipulations unavoidably lead to side effects, the most dangerous of which is an increased probability of healthy tissue malignization or increased tumor aggression. The aims of the present review were to collect and systematize the results of studies devoted to the effects resulting from the overexpression of antioxidant system genes on stress resistance and carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In most cases, the overexpression of these genes was shown to increase cell and organism resistances to factors that induce oxidative and genotoxic stress but to also have different effects on cancer initiation and promotion. The last fact greatly limits perspectives of such manipulations in practice. The overexpression of GPX3 and SOD3 encoding secreted proteins seems to be the "safest" among the genes that can increase cell resistance to oxidative stress. High efficiency and safety potential can also be found for SOD2 overexpression in combinations with GPX1 or CAT and for similar combinations that lead to no significant changes in H2O2 levels. Accumulation, systematization, and the integral analysis of data on antioxidant gene overexpression effects can help to develop approaches for practical uses in biomedical and agricultural areas. Additionally, a number of factors such as genetic and functional context, cell and tissue type, differences in the function of transcripts of one and the same gene, regulatory interactions, and additional functions should be taken into account.
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Kim WJ, Hyun JH, Lee NK, Paik HD. Protective Effects of a Novel Lactobacillus brevis Strain with Probiotic Characteristics against Staphylococcus aureus Lipoteichoic Acid-Induced Intestinal Inflammatory Response. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:205-211. [PMID: 34750285 PMCID: PMC9628842 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2110.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics can effectively modulate host immune responses and prevent gastrointestinal diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus brevis KU15152 isolated from kimchi and its protective potential against intestinal inflammation induced by Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid (aLTA). L. brevis KU15152 exhibited a high survival rate in artificial gastric and bile environments. Additionally, the adhesion capability of the strain to HT-29 cells was higher than that of L. rhamnosus GG. L. brevis KU15152 did not produce harmful enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase, indicating that it could be used as a potential probiotic. The anti-inflammatory potential of L. brevis KU15152 was determined in HT-29 cells. Treatment with L. brevis KU15152 suppressed the production of interleukin-8 without inducing significant cytotoxicity. The downregulatory effects of L. brevis KU15152 were involved in the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B activation mediated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt signaling pathways. Collectively, these data suggest that L. brevis KU15152 can be used in developing therapeutic and prophylactic products to manage and treat aLTA-induced intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ju Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyun Hyun
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2049-6011 E-mail:
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Zhang Z, Costa M. p62 functions as a signal hub in metal carcinogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:267-278. [PMID: 33894381 PMCID: PMC9161642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A number of metals are toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in metal carcinogenesis. Oxidative stress acts as the converging point among various stressors with ROS being the main intracellular signal transducer. In metal-transformed cells, persistent expression of p62 and erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) result in apoptosis resistance, angiogenesis, inflammatory microenvironment, and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to overall mechanism of metal carcinogenesis. Autophagy, a conserved intracellular process, maintains cellular homeostasis by facilitating the turnover of protein aggregates, cellular debris, and damaged organelles. In addition to being a substrate of autophagy, p62 is also a crucial molecule in a myriad of cellular functions and in molecular events, which include oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, that modulate cell survival and tumor growth. The multiple functions of p62 are appreciated by its ability to interact with several key components involved in various oncogenic pathways. This review summarizes the current knowledge and progress in studies of p62 and metal carcinogenesis with emphasis on oncogenic pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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5
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Liang Y, Liang N, Ma Y, Tang S, Ye S, Xiao F. Role of Clusterin/NF-κB in the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype in Cr(VI)-induced premature senescent L-02 hepatocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112343. [PMID: 34020271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and its compounds have caused serious environmental pollution and health damage. Senescent cells can actively change the surrounding environment by secreting some factors, which are called senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Our previous work has confirmed that premature senescent hepatocytes induced by Cr(VI) expressed high level of Clusterin (CLU) and secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8. CLU is involved in the regulation of tumor development and drug resistance, but whether CLU regulates SASP components and participates in Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation is unclear. In this study we demonstrated that Cr(VI) induced the secretion of tumor promoting components of SASP such as IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in senescent L-02 hepatocytes, while the levels of the anti-tumor components of SASP such as chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand-1 (CXCL-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were not altered. CLU shRNA interference significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in the culture medium of senescent cells, suggesting CLU may regulate SASP. The NF-κB inhibitor PDTC significantly alleviated Cr(VI)-induced increase of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF, confirming that NF-κB can regulate the tumor promoting components of SASP. CLU shRNA interference aggravated the inhibitory effect of PDTC on SASP secretion, indicating that CLU regulated the secretion of SASP in Cr(VI)-induced senescent hepatocytes through the NF-κB signaling. We speculated that SASP secreted by Cr(VI)-induced premature senescent hepatocytes was tightly related to the carcinogenic effect of Cr(VI). Therefore, elucidation of upstream regulatory mechanism of SASP is of great significance. In addition to further clarifying the carcinogenic mechanisms associated with Cr(VI), we could also seek out new targets for treatment of Cr(VI)-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Ningjuan Liang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Yu Ma
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Sixuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Fang Xiao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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Zhu S, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Zhu Q. Abamectin induces apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling in MGC803 cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22336. [PMID: 30958899 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abamectin (ABA) is one of the most widely used compounds in agriculture and veterinary medicine. However, the cytotoxicity of ABA in human gastric cells is utterly unknown. In this study, ABA suppressed the proliferation of MGC803 cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1-phase. Moreover, ABA induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by inducing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2, and activation of caspase-3. ABA significantly improved the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and reduced P62 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Through detection of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, we found ABA induced the accumulation of intracellular ROS and then reduced PI3K/AKT signaling activation related to MGC803 cell apoptosis and autophagy. Our results indicate that ABA exerts cytotoxic effects on human MGC803 cells through apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling. Furthermore, ABA may be a potential risk to human gastric health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Scientific Research, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Scientific Research, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Scientific Research, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhonglou Zhou
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Scientific Research, State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Wise JTF, Wang L, Alstott MC, Ngalame NNO, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Shi X. Investigating the Role of Mitochondrial Respiratory Dysfunction during Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Lung Carcinogenesis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2019; 37:317-329. [PMID: 30806238 DOI: 10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2018028689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a lung carcinogen and its complete mechanism of action remains to be investigated. Metabolic reprogramming of key energy metabolism pathways (e.g., increased anaerobic glycolysis in the presence of oxygen or "Warburg effect", dysregulated mitochondrial function, and lipogenesis) are important to cancer cell and tumor survival and growth. In our current understanding of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis, the role for metabolic reprogramming remains unclear. In this study, we treated human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) with Cr(VI) for 6 months and obtained malignantly transformed cells from an isolated colony grown in soft agar. We also used Cr(VI)-transformed cells from two other human lung cell lines (BEP2D and WTHBF-6 cells). Overall, we found that all the Cr(VI)-transformed cells had no changes in their mitochondrial respiratory functions (measured by the Seahorse Analyzer) compared with passaged-matched control cells. Using a xenograft tumor growth model, we generated tumors from these transformed cells in Nude mice. Using cells obtained from the xenograft tumor tissues, we observed that these cells had decreased maximal mitochondrial respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and coupling efficiency. These results provide evidence that, although mitochondrial dysfunction does not occur during Cr(VI)-induced transformation of lung cells, it does occur during tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T F Wise
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Alstott
- Markey Cancer Center, Redox Metabolism Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ntube N O Ngalame
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Yuting Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Center for Research on Environmental Disease, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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8
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Carvedilol suppresses malignant proliferation of mammary epithelial cells through inhibition of the ROS‑mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:811-818. [PMID: 30483797 PMCID: PMC6312993 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oncogenic mutations through direct interaction with DNA. Carvedilol (CAR) exhibits antioxidative activity, and pre-clinical studies have identified that CAR may prevent malignant transformation in certain carcinogenic models. This suggests that CAR may be a potential agent in cancer prevention. In the present study, non-cancerous MCF-10A cells were used as a model to investigate the chemopreventive effect of CAR on benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced cellular carcinogenesis. It was identified that CAR had the ability to eliminate BaP-induced ROS production and subsequent DNA damage. CAR/BaP activated the ROS-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)Thr308 signaling pathway, whereas the effectors of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53Ser15, served important functions in the BaP/CAR-mediated MCF10A cellular transformation. The results of the present study indicated that CAR may be a novel chemopreventive agent, notably in the prevention of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. The antioxidant effects of CAR may contribute to its chemopreventive activity.
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Pohl SÖG, Agostino M, Dharmarajan A, Pervaiz S. Cross Talk Between Cellular Redox State and the Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1215-1236. [PMID: 29304561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was discovered over three decades ago and is the prototype antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that comprises proteins with contrasting effects on cell fate. First identified as a consequence of chromosomal translocation (t 14:18) in human lymphoma, subsequent studies have revealed mutations and/or gene copy number alterations as well as post-translational modifications of Bcl-2 in a variety of human cancers. The canonical function of Bcl-2 is linked to its ability to inhibit mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, thereby regulating apoptosome assembly and activation by blocking the cytosolic translocation of death amplification factors. Of note, the identification of specific domains within the Bcl-2 family of proteins (Bcl-2 homology domains; BH domains) has not only provided a mechanistic insight into the various interactions between the member proteins but has also been the impetus behind the design and development of small molecule inhibitors and BH3 mimetics for clinical use. Recent Advances: Aside from its role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, recent evidence provides testimony to a novel facet in the biology of Bcl-2 that involves an intricate cross talk with cellular redox state. Bcl-2 overexpression modulates mitochondrial redox metabolism to create a "pro-oxidant" milieu, conducive for cell survival. However, under states of oxidative stress, overexpression of Bcl-2 functions as a redox sink to prevent excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting execution signals. Emerging evidence indicates various redox-dependent transcriptional changes and post-translational modifications with different functional outcomes. CRITICAL ISSUES Understanding the complex interplay between Bcl-2 and the cellular redox milieu from the standpoint of cell fate signaling remains vital for a better understanding of pathological states associated with altered redox metabolism and/or aberrant Bcl-2 expression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on its canonical functions, Bcl-2 has emerged as a potential druggable target. Small molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 and/or other family members with similar function, as well as BH3 mimetics, are showing promise in the clinic. The emerging evidence for the noncanonical activity linked to cellular redox metabolism provides a novel avenue for the design and development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancers refractory to conventional chemotherapy by the overexpression of this prosurvival protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mark Agostino
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,3 Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,4 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,6 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
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Role of LKB1 in migration and invasion of Cr(VI)-transformed human bronchial epithelial Beas-2B cells. Anticancer Drugs 2018; 29:660-673. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Al Jameil N, Tabassum H, Fatima S, Naiman Ali M, Rizwana H, Aziz Khan F. Ameliorating Effect of Vitamin C Against Potassium Dichromate Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.990.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Dai J, Ji Y, Wang W, Kim D, Fai LY, Wang L, Luo J, Zhang Z. Loss of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase induces glycolysis and promotes apoptosis resistance of cancer stem-like cells: an important role in hexavalent chromium-induced carcinogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28624442 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are confirmed human carcinogens for lung cancer. Our previous studies has demonstrated that chronic exposure of human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to low dose of Cr(VI) causes malignant cell transformation. The acquisition of cancer stem cell-like properties is involved in the initiation of cancers. The present study has observed that a small population of cancer stem-like cells (BEAS-2B-Cr-CSC) exists in the Cr(VI)-transformed cells (BEAS-2B-Cr). Those BEAS-2B-Cr-CSC exhibit extremely reduced capability of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis resistance. BEAS-2B-Cr-CSC are metabolic inactive as evidenced by reductions in oxygen consumption, glucose uptake, ATP production, and lactate production. Most importantly, BEAS-2B-Cr-CSC are more tumorigenic with high levels of cell self-renewal genes, Notch1 and p21. Further study has found that fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), an rate-limiting enzyme driving glyconeogenesis, was lost in BEAS-2B-Cr-CSC. Forced expression of FBP1 in BEAS-2B-Cr-CSC restored ROS generation, resulting in increased apoptosis, leading to inhibition of tumorigenesis. In summary, the present study suggests that loss of FBP1 is a critical event in tumorigenesis of Cr(VI)-transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1095 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yanli Ji
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1095 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1095 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1095 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Leonard Yenwong Fai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1095 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Diseases, 1095 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, 1095 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, 1095 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Gene 33/Mig6 inhibits hexavalent chromium-induced DNA damage and cell transformation in human lung epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:8916-30. [PMID: 26760771 PMCID: PMC4891014 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are human lung carcinogens and environmental/occupational hazards. The molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis appear to be complex and are poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the potential role of Gene 33 (ERRFI1, Mig6), a multifunctional adaptor protein, in Cr(VI)-mediated lung carcinogenesis. We show that the level of Gene 33 protein is suppressed by both acute and chronic Cr(VI) treatments in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells. The inhibition also occurs in A549 lung bronchial carcinoma cells. Cr(VI) suppresses Gene 33 expression mainly through post-transcriptional mechanisms, although the mRNA level of gene 33 also tends to be lower upon Cr(VI) treatments. Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage appears primarily in the S phases of the cell cycle despite the high basal DNA damage signals at the G2M phase. Knockdown of Gene 33 with siRNA significantly elevates Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage in both BEAS-2B and A549 cells. Depletion of Gene 33 also promotes Cr(VI)-induced micronucleus (MN) formation and cell transformation in BEAS-2B cells. Our results reveal a novel function of Gene 33 in Cr(VI)-induced DNA damage and lung epithelial cell transformation. We propose that in addition to its role in the canonical EGFR signaling pathway and other signaling pathways, Gene 33 may also inhibit Cr(VI)-induced lung carcinogenesis by reducing DNA damage triggered by Cr(VI).
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Hirata N, Yamada S, Sekino Y, Kanda Y. Tobacco nitrosamine NNK increases ALDH-positive cells via ROS-Wnt signaling pathway in A549 human lung cancer cells. J Toxicol Sci 2017; 42:193-204. [PMID: 28321046 DOI: 10.2131/jts.42.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that lung cancer, which is a major cause of cancer death, has a critical association with cigarette smoking. Tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which NNK promotes cancer development have not been fully elucidated. Growing evidence suggests that lung cancer originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a minor population of lung cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of NNK on the CSCs in A549 human lung cancer cells using flow cytometry with aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a functional marker of CSCs. We found that NNK increased the proportion of ALDH-positive cells in a dose-dependent manner. A Wnt inhibitor PNU74654 reduced NNK-induced expression levels of Wnt target gene Dkk1 and increase in ALDH-positive cells. We next examined the signaling pathway that mediates the NNK-induced increase in ALDH-positive cells via Wnt signaling. DCF assay revealed that NNK induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited the NNK-induced Wnt activation and increase in ALDH-positive cells. These data suggest that NNK-induced ROS activate the Wnt signaling pathway in A549 cells. These findings would provide new insights into the role of NNK in the lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences
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15
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UNC119 mediates gambogic acid-induced cell-cycle dysregulation through the Gsk3β/β-catenin pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:988-1000. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Divya SP, Turcios L, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Dai J, Asha P, Zhang Z, Shi X. Hexavalent chromium induces malignant transformation of human lung bronchial epithelial cells via ROS-dependent activation of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 7:51193-51210. [PMID: 27323401 PMCID: PMC5239469 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is a key regulator of oncogenic processes. Studies have shown that miR-21 exerts its oncogenic activity by targeting the tumor suppressor gene programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). The present study examined the role of miR-21-PDCD4 signaling in Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis. Results showed that Cr(VI) induces ROS generation in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. Chronic exposure to Cr(VI) is able to cause malignant transformation in BEAS-2B cells. Cr(VI) caused a significant increase of miR-21 expression associated with an inhibition of PDCD4 expression. Notably, STAT3 transcriptional activation by IL-6 is crucial for the Cr(VI)-induced miR-21 elevation. Stable knockdown of miR-21 or overexpression of PDCD4 in BEAS-2B cells significantly reduced the Cr(VI)-induced cell transformation. Furthermore, the Cr(VI) induced inhibition of PDCD4 suppressed downstream E-cadherin protein expression, but promoted β-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription of uPAR and c-Myc. We also found an increased miR-21 level and decreased PDCD4 expression in xenograft tumors generated with chronic Cr(VI)-exposed BEAS-2B cells. In addition, stable knockdown of miR-21 and overexpression of PDCD4 reduced the tumorogenicity of chronic Cr(VI)-exposed BEAS-2B cells in nude mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the miR-21-PDCD4 signaling axis plays an important role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lilia Turcios
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang H, Cai N, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zheng S, Si Q, Zhang W. Neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 prevents cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane anesthesia in aged rats via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects mediated by the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:2778-84. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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In utero exposure to carcinogens: Epigenetics, developmental disruption and consequences in later life. Maturitas 2016; 86:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Yi X, Zhang Y, Zhong C, Zhong X, Xiao F. The role of STIM1 in the Cr(vi)-induced [Ca2+]iincrease and cell injury in L-02 hepatocytes. Metallomics 2016; 8:1273-1282. [DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00204h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates cadmium-induced autophagy via ubiquitin-mediated post-translational stabilization of phospho-Ser GSK3αβ in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:511-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Balupillai A, Prasad RN, Ramasamy K, Muthusamy G, Shanmugham M, Govindasamy K, Gunaseelan S. Caffeic Acid Inhibits UVB-induced Inflammation and Photocarcinogenesis Through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γin Mouse Skin. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1458-68. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agilan Balupillai
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajendra N. Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Karthikeyan Ramasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ganesan Muthusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mohana Shanmugham
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kanimozhi Govindasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
| | - Srithar Gunaseelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Annamalai University; Annamalainagar Tamil Nadu India
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22
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Curcumin Promotes Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibits Survival of Human Renal Cancer Cells by Negative Modulation of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 73:681-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Zhao L, Miao HC, Li WJ, Sun Y, Huang SL, Li ZY, Guo QL. LW-213 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest through AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway in human breast cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:778-92. [PMID: 25945460 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
LW-213 is a derivative of Wogonin and the anticancer activities of Wogonin have been reported. To study whether LW-213 inhibits cancer cells and explore a possible mechanism, we investigate the compound in several cancer cell lines. We found LW-213 arrests G2/M cycle in breast cancer cells by suppression of Akt/Gsk3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. In compound treated cells, cell cycle-related proteins cyclin A, cyclin B1, p-CDK1, p-Cdc25C, and p-Chk2 (Thr68) were upregulated, and β-catenin nuclear translocation was inhibited. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed LW-213 inhibits binding of β-catenin/LEF complex to DNA. GSK3β inhibitor LiCl and siRNA against GSK3β partially reversed G2/M arrest in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. These results suggest LW-213 triggered G2/M cell cycle arrest through suppression of β-catenin signaling. In BALB/c mice, growth of xenotransplanted MCF-7 tumor was also inhibited after treatment of LW-213. Regulation of cyclin A, cyclin B1, and β-catenin by LW-213 in vivo was the same as in vitro study. In conclusion, we found LW-213 exerts its anticancer effect on cell proliferation and cell cycle through repression of Akt/Gsk3β/β-catenin signaling pathway. LW-213 could be a potential candidate for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Chi Miao
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Li
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Liang Huang
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yu Li
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- School of pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Broniowska KA, Oleson BJ, McGraw J, Naatz A, Mathews CE, Corbett JA. How the location of superoxide generation influences the β-cell response to nitric oxide. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7952-60. [PMID: 25648890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines impair the function and decrease the viability of insulin-producing β-cells by a pathway that requires the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and generation of high levels of nitric oxide. In addition to nitric oxide, excessive formation of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, has been shown to cause β-cell damage. Although the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide results in the formation of peroxynitrite, we have shown that β-cells do not have the capacity to produce this powerful oxidant in response to cytokines. When β-cells are forced to generate peroxynitrite using nitric oxide donors and superoxide-generating redox cycling agents, superoxide scavenges nitric oxide and prevents the inhibitory and destructive actions of nitric oxide on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and β-cell viability. In this study, we show that the β-cell response to nitric oxide is regulated by the location of superoxide generation. Nitric oxide freely diffuses through cell membranes, and it reacts with superoxide produced within cells and in the extracellular space, generating peroxynitrite. However, only when it is produced within cells does superoxide attenuate nitric oxide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, gene expression, and toxicity. These findings suggest that the location of radical generation and the site of radical reactions are key determinants in the functional response of β-cells to reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Although nitric oxide is freely diffusible, its biological function can be controlled by the local generation of superoxide, such that when this reaction occurs within β-cells, superoxide protects β-cells by scavenging nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Broniowska
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Bryndon J Oleson
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Jennifer McGraw
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Aaron Naatz
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- the Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - John A Corbett
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226 and
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25
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Maclurin suppresses migration and invasion of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells via anti-oxidative activity and inhibition of the Src/FAK–ERK–β-catenin pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 402:243-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Fiorini C, Cordani M, Gotte G, Picone D, Donadelli M. Onconase induces autophagy sensitizing pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine and activates Akt/mTOR pathway in a ROS-dependent manner. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:549-60. [PMID: 25533084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Onconase® (ONC) is a member of the RNase super-family that is secreted in oocytes and early embryos of Rana pipiens. Over the last years, research interest about this small and basic frog RNase, also called ranpirnase, constantly increased because of its high cytotoxicity and anticancer properties. Onconase is currently used in clinical trials for cancer therapy; however, the precise mechanisms determining cytotoxicity in cancer cells have not yet been fully investigated. In the present manuscript, we evaluate the antitumoral property of onconase in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and in non-tumorigenic cells as a control. We demonstrate that ONC stimulates a strong antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect in cancer cells by reporting for the first time that ONC triggers Beclin1-mediated autophagic cancer cell death. In addition, ONC inhibits the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) triggering mitochondrial superoxide ion production. ONC-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for Akt/mTOR pathway stimulation determining the sensitivity of cancer cells to mTOR inhibitors and lessening autophagic stimulation. This indicates ROS/Akt/mTOR axis as a strategy adopted by cancer cells to reduce ONC-mediated cytotoxic autophagy stimulation. In addition, we demonstrate that ONC can sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to the standard chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine allowing a reduction of drug concentration when used in combination settings, thus suggesting a lowering of chemotherapy-related side effects. Altogether, our results shed more light on the mechanisms lying at the basis of ONC antiproliferative effect in cancer cells and support its potential use to develop new anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fiorini
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gotte
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Delia Picone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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27
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Divya SP, Roy RV, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Dai J, Asha P, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shi X. Luteolin inhibits Cr(VI)-induced malignant cell transformation of human lung epithelial cells by targeting ROS mediated multiple cell signaling pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:230-41. [PMID: 25448439 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a well-known human carcinogen associated with the incidence of lung cancer. Inhibition of metal induced carcinogenesis by a dietary antioxidant is a novel approach. Luteolin, a natural dietary flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, possesses potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We found that short term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to Cr(VI) (5μM) showed a drastic increase in ROS generation, NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion, which were significantly inhibited by the treatment with luteolin in a dose dependent manner. Treatment with luteolin decreased AP-1, HIF-1α, COX-2, and iNOS promoter activity induced by Cr(VI) in BEAS-2B cells. In addition, luteolin protected BEAS-2B cells from malignant transformation induced by chronic Cr(VI) exposure. Moreover, luteolin also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and VEGF in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Western blot analysis showed that luteolin inhibited multiple gene products linked to survival (Akt, Fak, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), inflammation (MAPK, NF-κB, COX-2, STAT-3, iNOS, TNF-α) and angiogenesis (HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-9) in chronic Cr(VI) exposed BEAS-2B cells. Nude mice injected with BEAS-2B cells chronically exposed to Cr(VI) in the presence of luteolin showed reduced tumor incidence compared to Cr(VI) alone treated group. Overexpression of catalase (CAT) or SOD2, eliminated Cr(VI)-induced malignant transformation. Overall, our results indicate that luteolin protects BEAS-2B cells from Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis by scavenging ROS and modulating multiple cell signaling mechanisms that are linked to ROS. Luteolin, therefore, serves as a potential chemopreventive agent against Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jin Dai
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Padmaja Asha
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin, India
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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28
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Chandra S, Pandey A, Chowdhuri DK. MiRNA profiling provides insights on adverse effects of Cr(VI) in the midgut tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 283:558-567. [PMID: 25464296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI), a well-known environmental chemical, is reported to cause various adverse effects on exposed organisms including genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Despite available information on the underlying mechanism of Cr(VI) induced toxicity, studies regarding toxicity modulation by epigenetic mechanisms are limited. It was therefore, hypothesized that the global miRNA profiling in Cr(VI) exposed Drosophila, a genetically tractable model organism, will provide information about mis-regulated miRNAs along with their targeted genes and relevant processes. Third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R(+)) were exposed to 5.0-20.0 μg/ml of Cr(VI) for 24 and 48 h. Following miRNA profile analysis on an Agilent platform, 28 of the 36 differentially expressed miRNAs were found to be significantly mis-regulated targeting major biological processes viz., DNA damage repair, oxidation-reduction processes, development and differentiation. Down-regulation of mus309 and mus312 under DNA repair, acon to oxidation-reduction and pyd to stress activated MAPK cascade respectively belonging to these gene ontology classes concurrent with up-regulation of dme-miR-314-3p, dme-miR-79-3p and dme-miR-12-5p confirm their functional involvement against Cr(VI) exposure. These findings assume significance since majority of the target genes in Drosophila have functional homologues in humans. The study further recommends Drosophila as a model to explore the role of miRNAs in xenobiotic induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Chandra
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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29
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Pratheeshkumar P, Son YO, Wang X, Divya SP, Joseph B, Hitron JA, Wang L, Kim D, Yin Y, Roy RV, Lu J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shi X. Cyanidin-3-glucoside inhibits UVB-induced oxidative damage and inflammation by regulating MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice skin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:127-37. [PMID: 25062774 PMCID: PMC4330564 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States. Exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation induces inflammation and photocarcinogenesis in mammalian skin. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), a member of the anthocyanin family, is present in various vegetables and fruits especially in edible berries, and displays potent antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. In this study, we have assessed the in vivo effects of C3G on UVB irradiation induced chronic inflammatory responses in SKH-1 hairless mice, a well-established model for UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Here, we show that C3G inhibited UVB-induced skin damage and inflammation in SKH-1 hairless mice. Our results indicate that C3G inhibited glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidation in mouse skin by chronic UVB exposure. C3G significantly decreased the production of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, associated with cutaneous inflammation. Likewise, UVB-induced inflammatory responses were diminished by C3G as observed by a remarkable reduction in the levels of phosphorylated MAP kinases, Erk1/2, p38, JNK1/2 and MKK4. Furthermore, C3G also decreased UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), PGE2 and iNOS levels, which are well-known key mediators of inflammation and cancer. Treatment with C3G inhibited UVB-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and degradation of IκBα in mice skin. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that topical application of C3G inhibited the expression of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and cyclin D1 in chronic UVB exposed mouse skin. Collectively, these data indicates that C3G can provide substantial protection against the adverse effects of UVB radiation by modulating UVB-induced MAP kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poyil Pratheeshkumar
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Young-Ok Son
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sasidharan Padmaja Divya
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Binoy Joseph
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
| | - John Andrew Hitron
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Donghern Kim
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yuanqin Yin
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Cancer Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ram Vinod Roy
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jian Lu
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xianglin Shi
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, 1095 VA Drive, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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30
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Lee YH, Su SB, Huang CC, Sheu HM, Tsai JC, Lin CH, Wang YJ, Wang BJ. N-acetylcysteine attenuates hexavalent chromium-induced hypersensitivity through inhibition of cell death, ROS-related signaling and cytokine expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108317. [PMID: 25248126 PMCID: PMC4172727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium hypersensitivity (chromium-induced allergic contact dermatitis) is an important issue in occupational skin disease. Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) can activate the Akt, Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and induce cell death, via the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, cell death stimuli have been proposed to regulate the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). However, the exact effects of ROS on the signaling molecules and cytotoxicity involved in Cr(VI)-induced hypersensitivity have not yet been fully demonstrated. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could increase glutathione levels in the skin and act as an antioxidant. In this study, we investigated the effects of NAC on attenuating the Cr(VI)-triggered ROS signaling in both normal keratinocyte cells (HaCaT cells) and a guinea pig (GP) model. The results showed the induction of apoptosis, autophagy and ROS were observed after different concentrations of Cr(VI) treatment. HaCaT cells pretreated with NAC exhibited a decrease in apoptosis and autophagy, which could affect cell viability. In addition, Cr (VI) activated the Akt, NF-κB and MAPK pathways thereby increasing IL-1α and TNF-α production. However, all of these stimulation phenomena could be inhibited by NAC in both of invitro and invivo studies. These novel findings indicate that NAC may prevent the development of chromium hypersensitivity by inhibiting of ROS-induced cell death and cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Bin Su
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Child Care and Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hamm-Ming Sheu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ho Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BJW); (YJW)
| | - Bour-Jr Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BJW); (YJW)
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31
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Janes K, Esposito E, Doyle T, Cuzzocrea S, Tosh DK, Jacobson KA, Salvemini D. A3 adenosine receptor agonist prevents the development of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by modulating spinal glial-restricted redox-dependent signaling pathways. Pain 2014; 155:2560-2567. [PMID: 25242567 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy accompanied by chronic neuropathic pain is the major dose-limiting toxicity of several anticancer agents including the taxane paclitaxel (Taxol). A critical mechanism underlying paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain is the increased production of peroxynitrite in spinal cord generated in response to activation of the superoxide-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase. Peroxynitrite in turn contributes to the development of neuropathic pain by modulating several redox-dependent events in spinal cord. We recently reported that activation of the Gi/Gq-coupled A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) with selective A3AR agonists (ie, IB-MECA) blocked the development of chemotherapy induced-neuropathic pain evoked by distinct agents, including paclitaxel, without interfering with anticancer effects. The mechanism or mechanisms of action underlying these beneficial effects has yet to be explored. We now demonstrate that IB-MECA attenuates the development of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting the activation of spinal NADPH oxidase and two downstream redox-dependent systems. The first relies on inhibition of the redox-sensitive transcription factor (NFκB) and mitogen activated protein kinases (ERK and p38) resulting in decreased production of neuroexcitatory/proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and increased formation of the neuroprotective/anti-inflammatory IL-10. The second involves inhibition of redox-mediated posttranslational tyrosine nitration and modification (inactivation) of glia-restricted proteins known to play key roles in regulating synaptic glutamate homeostasis: the glutamate transporter GLT-1 and glutamine synthetase. Our results unravel a mechanistic link into biomolecular signaling pathways employed by A3AR activation in neuropathic pain while providing the foundation to consider use of A3AR agonists as therapeutic agents in patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Janes
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina 98122, Italy Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0810, USA
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32
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Stern AH. Hazard identification of the potential for dieldrin carcinogenicity to humans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 131:188-214. [PMID: 24727642 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although dieldrin׳s use in the U.S. was partially banned in the 1970s and its use was completely eliminated in 1987, dieldrin continues to be a common contaminant at hazardous waste sites. The USEPA׳s current cancer potency estimate for dieldrin was derived in 1987 and is based on the production of mouse liver tumors. Because of its environmental persistence and its relatively high USEPA cancer potency estimate, dieldrin functions as a cleanup "driver" in many hazardous site remediations. Since 1987, new risk assessment perspectives and new data on dieldrin׳s carcinogenic potential have arisen. This review presents a reassessment of dielrin׳s human cancer potential in light of these new data and new perspectives. Based on this reassessment, dieldrin may be carcinogenic through multiple modes of action. These modes of action may operate within the same tissue, or may be specific to individual tissues. Of the several possible carcinogenic modes of action for dieldrin, one or more may be more relevant to human cancer risk than others, but the relative importance of each is unknown. In addition, neither the details of the possible modes of action, nor the shape of the tumor dose-response curves associated with each are sufficiently well known to permit quantitative cancer dose-response modeling. Thus, the mouse liver tumor data used by the USEPA in its 1987 assessment remain the only quantitative data available for cancer dose-response modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Stern
- New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection - NJDEP, Office of Science, P.O. Box 420, MC 428-01, Trenton, NJ 08626, United States.
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33
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Ng SF, Lin RCY, Maloney CA, Youngson NA, Owens JA, Morris MJ. Paternal high-fat diet consumption induces common changes in the transcriptomes of retroperitoneal adipose and pancreatic islet tissues in female rat offspring. FASEB J 2014; 28:1830-41. [PMID: 24421403 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-244046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that paternal high-fat diet (HFD) consumption programs β-cell dysfunction in female rat offspring, together with transcriptome alterations in islets. Here we investigated the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RpWAT) transcriptome using gene and pathway enrichment and pathway analysis to determine whether commonly affected network topologies exist between these two metabolically related tissues. In RpWAT, 5108 genes were differentially expressed due to a paternal HFD; the top 5 significantly enriched networks identified by pathway analysis in offspring of HFD fathers compared with those of fathers fed control diet were: mitochondrial and cellular response to stress, telomerase signaling, cell death and survival, cell cycle, cellular growth and proliferation, and cancer. A total of 187 adipose olfactory receptor genes were down-regulated. Interrogation against the islet transcriptome identified specific gene networks and pathways, including olfactory receptor genes that were similarly affected in both tissues (411 common genes, P<0.05). In particular, we highlight a common molecular network, cell cycle and cancer, with the same hub gene, Myc, suggesting early onset developmental changes that persist, shared responses to programmed systemic factors, or crosstalk between tissues. Thus, paternal HFD consumption triggers unique gene signatures, consistent with premature aging and chronic degenerative disorders, in both RpWAT and pancreatic islets of daughters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau-Fang Ng
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2052.
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