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Guan X, Hu Y, Hao J, Lu M, Zhang Z, Hu W, Li D, Li C. Stress, Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype and Atherosclerosis: Novel Insight into Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Transition in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:411-425. [PMID: 38814419 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our work is to establish more distinct association between specific stress and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypes to alleviate atherosclerotic plaque burden and delay atherosclerosis (AS) progression. RECENT FINDING In recent years, VSMCs phenotypic transition has received significant interests. Different stresses were found to be associated with VSMCs phenotypic transition. However, the explicit correlation between VSMCs phenotype and specific stress has not been elucidated clearly yet. We discover that VSMCs phenotypic transition, which is widely involved in the progression of AS, is associated with specific stress. We discuss approaches targeting stresses to intervene VSMCs phenotypic transition, which may contribute to develop innovative therapies for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuya Guan
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yuanlong Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jiaqi Hao
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Wenxian Hu
- Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Zhao W, Song F, Cao Y. Effects of Halloysite Nanotubes and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Kruppel-like Factor 15-Mediated Downstream Events in Mouse Hearts After Intravenous Injection. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:408-421. [PMID: 38411850 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are nanomaterials (NMs) derived from natural clays and have been considered as biocompatible NMs for biomedical uses. However, the cardiovascular toxicity of HNTs has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we compared the cardiotoxicity of HNTs and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), focusing on the changes in Kruppel-like factor (KLF)-mediated signaling pathways. Mice were intravenously injected with 50 µg NMs, once a day, for 5 days, and then mouse hearts were removed for experiments. While HNTs or MWCNTs did not induce obvious pathological changes, RNA-sequencing data suggested the alterations of KLF gene expression. We further confirmed an increase of Klf15 positive cells, accompanied by changes in Klf15-related gene ontology (GO) terms. We noticed that most of the changed GO terms are related with the regulation of gene expression, and we confirmed that the NMs increased myoneurin (Mynn) but decreased snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (Snai1), two transcription factors (TFs) related with Klf15. Besides, the changed GO terms also include metal ion binding and positive regulation of glucose import, and we verified an increase of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1) and insulin receptor (Insr). However, HNTs and MWCNTs only showed minimal impact on cell death signaling pathways, and no increase in apoptotic sites was observed after NM treatment. We concluded that intravenous administration of HNTs and MWCNTs activated a protective TF, namely Klf15 in mouse aortas, to alter gene expression and signaling pathways related with metal ion binding and glucose import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yujia Cheng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Fengmei Song
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
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Chen S, Su Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Xiu P, Luo W, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Liang H, Lee APW, Shao L, Xiu J. Insights into the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on atherosclerosis: mechanisms involved and influence factors. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:140. [PMID: 37118804 PMCID: PMC10148422 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease and is driven by lipid accumulation and chronic inflammation in the arteries, which leads to stenosis and thrombosis. Researchers have been working to design multifunctional nanomedicines with the ability to target, diagnose, and treat atherosclerosis, but recent studies have also identified that nanomaterials can cause atherosclerosis. Therefore, this review aims to outline the molecular mechanisms and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials that promote atherosclerosis. By analyzing the toxicological effects of nanomaterials on cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis such as vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and immune cells, we aim to provide new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and raise awareness of nanotoxicology to advance the clinical translation and sustainable development of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Peiming Xiu
- Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Alex Pui-Wai Lee
- Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Jiancheng Xiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Song F, Li S, Dai X, Yang F, Cao Y. Activation of KLF6 by titanate nanofibers and regulatory roles of KLF6 on ATF3 in the endothelial monolayer and mouse aortas. Mol Omics 2023; 19:150-161. [PMID: 36538054 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although titanium (Ti)-based nanomaterials (NMs) were traditionally considered as biologically inert materials, it was recently reported that Ti-based NMs induce adverse vascular effects by inhibiting Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) and/or KLF4, vasoprotective KLFs with well-documented regulatory activity in NO signaling. However, the potential roles of other KLFs are not clear. KLF6 was recently identified as an important KLF involved in regulating endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and angiogenesis, therefore, this study investigated the influence of titanate nanofibers (TiNFs) on KLF6-mediated events. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) showed that TiNFs altered the expression of a panel of KLF6-related genes: KLF6-mediated gene ontology (GO) terms were altered, categories including cytokine-mediated signaling pathways, transcription factor (TF) functions and membrane-bound organelles. Additionally, RT-PCR confirmed that TiNFs increased KLF6 activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a TF involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ELISA confirmed the increase of soluble monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (sMCP-1), a KLF6-related inflammatory cytokine. Interestingly, the activation of klf6, atf3 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (ccl2; mcp-1 encoding gene) was observed in aortas of mice following one-time intravenous injection but not intratracheal instillation of TiNFs (100 μg per mouse), indicating a need for direct contact with NMs to activate klf6-mediated pathways in vivo. In endothelial cells, KLF6 knockdown inhibited the expression of ATF3 but not CCL2, suggesting the regulatory role of KLF6 in ATF3 expression. Overall, this study uncovered a previously unknown role of KLF6 in TiNF-induced vascular effects both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Song
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Xuyan Dai
- Economic College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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McCourt KM, Cochran J, Abdelbasir SM, Carraway ER, Tzeng TRJ, Tsyusko OV, Vanegas DC. Potential Environmental and Health Implications from the Scaled-Up Production and Disposal of Nanomaterials Used in Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1082. [PMID: 36551049 PMCID: PMC9775545 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors often combine biological recognition elements with nanomaterials of varying compositions and dimensions to facilitate or enhance the operating mechanism of the device. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. Here we attempt to foster connections between the domains of biosensors development and human and environmental toxicology to encourage a holistic approach to the development and scale-up of biosensors. We begin by exploring the toxicity of nanomaterials commonly used in biosensor design. From our analysis, we introduce five factors with a role in nanotoxicity that should be considered at the biosensor development stages to better manage toxicity. Finally, we contextualize the discussion by presenting the relevant stages and routes of exposure in the biosensor life cycle. Our review found little consensus on how the factors presented govern nanomaterial toxicity, especially in composite and alloyed nanomaterials. To bridge the current gap in understanding and mitigate the risks of uncontrolled nanomaterial release, we advocate for greater collaboration through a precautionary One Health approach to future development and a movement towards a circular approach to biosensor use and disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli M McCourt
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics (GARD), Michigan State University, East Lancing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jarad Cochran
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Sabah M Abdelbasir
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 87, Helwan 11421, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth R Carraway
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Tzuen-Rong J Tzeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Diana C Vanegas
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics (GARD), Michigan State University, East Lancing, MI 48824, USA
- Interdisciplinary Group for Biotechnology Innovation and Ecosocial Change (BioNovo), Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
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Li H, Tao X, Song E, Song Y. Iron oxide nanoparticles oxidize transformed RAW 264.7 macrophages into foam cells: Impact of pulmonary surfactant component dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134617. [PMID: 35430205 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are one of the most important components in airborne particulate matter that originally generated from traffic emission, iron ore mining, coal combustion and melting of engine fragments. Once IONPs entered respiratory tract and deposit in the alveoli, they may interact with pulmonary surfactant (PS) that distributed in the alveolar lining. Thereafter, it is necessary to investigate the interaction of inhaled IONPs and PS, which helps the understanding of health risk of respiratory health induced by IONPs. Using dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major components of PS, as a lipid model, we explored the interaction of DPPC with typical IONPs, Fe3O4 NPs and amino-functionalized analogue (Fe3O4-NH2 NPs). DPPC was readily adsorbed on the surface of both IONPs. Although DPPC corona depressed the cellular uptake of IONPs, IONPs@DPPC complexes caused higher cytotoxicity toward RAW 264.7 macrophages, compared to pristine IONPs. Mechanistic studies have shown that IONPs react with intracellular hydrogen peroxide, which promotes the Fenton reaction, to generate hydroxyl radicals. Iron ions could oxidize lipids to form lipid peroxides, and lipid hydroperoxides will decompose to generate hydroxyl radicals, which further promote cellular oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, and the release of inflammatory factors. These findings demonstrated the phenomenon of coronal component oxidation, which contributed to IONPs-induced cytotoxicity. This study offered a brand-new toxicological mechanism of IONPs at the molecular level, which is helpful for further understanding the adverse effects of IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China.
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7
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Cao Y. Nutrient molecule corona: An update for nanomaterial-food component interactions. Toxicology 2022; 476:153253. [PMID: 35811011 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of biological molecules to nanomaterials (NMs) will significantly impact NMs' behavior in complex microenvironments. Previously we proposed the need to consider the interactions between food components and NMs for the evaluation of oral toxicity of NMs. This review updated this concept as nutrient molecule corona, that the adsorption of nutrient molecules alters the uptake of nutrient molecules and/or NMs, as well as the signaling pathways to induce a combined toxicity due to the biologically active nature of nutrient molecules. Even with the presence of protein corona, nutrient molecules may still bind to NMs to change the identities of NMs in vivo. Furthermore, this review proposed the binding of excessive nutrient molecules to NMs to induce a combined toxicity under pathological conditions such as metabolic diseases. The structures of nutrient molecules and physicochemical properties of NMs determine nutrient molecule corona formation, and these aspects should be considered to limit the unwanted effects brought by nutrient molecule corona. In conclusion, similar to other biological molecule corona, the formation of nutrient molecule corona due to the presence of food components or excessive nutrient molecules in pathophysiological microenvironments will alter the behaviors of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
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Repar N, Jovičić EJ, Kump A, Birarda G, Vaccari L, Erman A, Kralj S, Nemec S, Petan T, Drobne D. Oleic Acid Protects Endothelial Cells from Silica-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136972. [PMID: 35806014 PMCID: PMC9267005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have great potential for use in medicine, but they may cause side effects due to oxidative stress. In our study, we investigated the effects of silica-coated SPIONs on endothelial cells and whether oleic acid (OA) can protect the cells from their harmful effects. We used viability assays, flow cytometry, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results show that silica-coated SPIONs are internalized by endothelial cells, where they increase the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause cell death. Exposure to silica-coated SPIONs induced accumulation of lipid droplets (LD) that was not dependent on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)-mediated LD biogenesis, suggesting that silica-coated SPIONs suppress LD degradation. Addition of exogenous OA promoted LD biogenesis and reduced SPION-dependent increases in oxidative stress and cell death. However, exogenous OA protected cells from SPION-induced cell damage even in the presence of DGAT inhibitors, implying that LDs are not required for the protective effect of exogenous OA. The molecular phenotype of the cells determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the destructive effect of silica-coated SPIONs and the ameliorative role of OA in the case of oxidative stress. Thus, exogenous OA protects endothelial cells from SPION-induced oxidative stress and cell death independent of its incorporation into triglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Repar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Eva Jarc Jovičić
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.J.J.); (A.K.); (T.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kump
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.J.J.); (A.K.); (T.P.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (G.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Slavko Kralj
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sebastjan Nemec
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.K.); (S.N.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (E.J.J.); (A.K.); (T.P.)
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (N.R.); (D.D.)
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Tang X, Song F, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Cao Y. Intratracheal instillation of graphene oxide decreases anti-virus responses and lipid contents via suppressing Toll-like receptor 3 in mouse livers. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1822-1831. [PMID: 35727742 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed a causal relationship between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and lipid droplet biogenesis. Interestingly, it has been reported before that nanomaterials (NMs) were capable to modulate TLRs, but it remains unclear if NMs could affect lipid levels via TLR signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the influences of airway exposure to graphene oxide (GO) on TLR3 signaling pathways and lipid levels in mouse livers. Intratracheal instillation of GO (0.1, 1, and 5 mg/kg, once a day, totally 5 days) induced inflammatory cell infiltrations as indicated by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and fibrosis as indicated by Masson staining in lungs, accompanying with decreased TLR3 proteins. Consistently, a TLR3-regulated anti-virus protein, namely interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1), as well as two TLR3-regulated lipid proteins, namely radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2) and perilipin 2 (PLIN2), were decreased in lungs. The protein levels of interferon-β in serum were also decreased. In livers, GO exposure induced disorganization of liver cells but not fibrosis. In agreement with the trends observed in lungs, TLR3, IFIT1, RSAD2, and PLIN2 proteins were decreased in livers. As a possible consequence, GO exposure dose-dependently decreased lipid levels in livers as indicated by oil red O and BODIPY 493/503 staining. We concluded that airway exposure to GO decreased anti-virus responses and lipid levels in mouse livers via the suppression of TLR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Fengmei Song
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Weichao Zhao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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10
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Chetyrkina MR, Fedorov FS, Nasibulin AG. In vitro toxicity of carbon nanotubes: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16235-16256. [PMID: 35733671 PMCID: PMC9152879 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) toxicity-related issues provoke many debates in the scientific community. The controversial and disputable data about toxicity doses, proposed hazard effects, and human health concerns significantly restrict CNT applications in biomedical studies, laboratory practices, and industry, creating a barrier for mankind in the way of understanding how exactly the material behaves in contact with living systems. Raising the toxicity question again, many research groups conclude low toxicity of the material and its potential safeness at some doses for contact with biological systems. To get new momentum for researchers working on the intersection of the biological field and nanomaterials, i.e., CNT materials, we systematically reviewed existing studies with in vitro toxicological data to propose exact doses that yield toxic effects, summarize studied cell types for a more thorough comparison, the impact of incubation time, and applied toxicity tests. Using several criteria and different scientific databases, we identified and analyzed nearly 200 original publications forming a "golden core" of the field to propose safe doses of the material based on a statistical analysis of retrieved data. We also differentiated the impact of various forms of CNTs: on a substrate and in the form of dispersion because in both cases, some studies demonstrated good biocompatibility of CNTs. We revealed that CNTs located on a substrate had negligible impact, i.e., 90% of studies report good viability and cell behavior similar to control, therefore CNTs could be considered as a prospective conductive substrate for cell cultivation. In the case of dispersions, our analysis revealed mean values of dose/incubation time to be 4-5 μg mL-1 h-1, which suggested the material to be a suitable candidate for further studies to get a more in-depth understanding of its properties in biointerfaces and offer CNTs as a promising platform for fundamental studies in targeted drug delivery, chemotherapy, tissue engineering, biosensing fields, etc. We hope that the present systematic review will shed light on the current knowledge about CNT toxicity, indicate "dark" spots and offer possible directions for the subsequent studies based on the demonstrated here tabulated and statistical data of doses, cell models, toxicity tests, viability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fedor S Fedorov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Nobel Str. 3 143026 Moscow Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Nobel Str. 3 143026 Moscow Russia
- Aalto University FI-00076 15100 Espoo Finland
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Li S, Yan D, Huang C, Yang F, Cao Y. TiO 2 nanosheets promote the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into foam cells in vitro and in vivo through the up-regulation of nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127704. [PMID: 34799167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials have been shown to promote atherosclerosis through endothelial dysfunction. This study investigated the toxicity of TiO2 nanosheets (NSs) to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), one of the pivotal cells involved in all stages of atherosclerosis. Only a high concentration of TiO2 NSs (128 μg/mL) modestly induced cytotoxicity by decreasing thiols. RNA-sequencing data revealed that 64 μg/mL TiO2 NSs significantly down-regulated 94 genes and up-regulated 174 genes, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to SMC function and lipid metabolism were altered. TiO2 NSs increased nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 (NFKB2), which led to a decrease in VSMC marker actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2). On the other hand, macrophage marker CD36 and fatty acid synthase (FASN) proteins were increased. Additionally, TiO2 NSs induced inflammatory cytokines and lipid accumulation, and these effects were curtailed by NFKB inhibitor - triptolide. Furthermore, repeated TiO2 NS injection (5 mg/kg BW, once a day for 5 continuous days) into ICR mice led to increased NFKB2, CD36 and FASN, with a decreased ACTA2. Our results suggested that TiO2 NSs promoted the transformation of VSMCs into foam cells through the up-regulation of NFKB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Dejian Yan
- Institute of Advanced Materials, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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12
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Xie M, Huang C, Liang Y, Li S, Sheng L, Cao Y. MoS2 nanosheets and bulk materials altered lipid profiles in 3D Caco-2 spheroids. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Luo Y, Li J, Huang C, Wang X, Long D, Cao Y. Graphene oxide links alterations of anti-viral signaling pathways with lipid metabolism via suppressing TLR3 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Omics 2022; 18:779-790. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00086e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main cells constructing blood vessels, are important in the regulation of the pathophysiology of vascular systems; however, relatively few studies have investigated the influence of nanomaterials (NMs) on VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Luo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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14
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Pei L, Yang W, Cao Y. Influences of Unmodified and Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes on Lipid Profiles in THP-1 Macrophages: A Lipidomics Study. Int J Toxicol 2021; 41:16-25. [PMID: 34886715 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211056633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the possible roles of surface modifications in determining multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-promoted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated lipid-laden macrophage foam cell formation are still in debate, we compared unmodified and carboxylated MWCNT-induced cytotoxicity, lipid profile changes, and expression of ER stress genes in THP-1 macrophages. Particularly, we focused on lipid profile changes by using lipidomics approaches. We found that unmodified and carboxylated MWCNTs significantly decreased cellular viability and appeared to damage the cellular membrane to a similar extent. Likewise, the results from Oil Red O staining showed that both types of MWCNTs slightly but significantly induced lipid accumulation. In keeping with Oil Red O staining results, lipidomics data showed that both types of MWCNTs up-regulated most of the lipid classes. Interestingly, almost all lipid classes were relatively higher in carboxylated MWCNT-exposed THP-1 macrophages compared with unmodified MWCNT-exposed cells, indicating that carboxylated MWCNTs more effectively changed lipid profiles. But in contrast to our expectation, none of the MWCNTs significantly induced the expression of ER stress genes. Even, compared with carboxylated MWCNTs, unmodified MWCNTs induced higher expression of lipid genes, including macrophage scavenger receptor 1 and fatty acid synthase. Combined, our results suggested that even though carboxylation did not significantly affect MWCNT-induced lipid accumulation, carboxylated MWCNTs were more potent to alter lipid profiles in THP-1 macrophages, indicating the need to use omics techniques to understand the exact nanotoxicological effects of MWCNTs. However, the differential effects of unmodified and carboxylated MWCNTs on lipid profiles might not be related with the induction of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjie Pei
- 498598Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.,498598Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxiang Yang
- 498598Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China.,498598Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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15
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Luo Y, Wang X, Cao Y. Transcriptomic-based toxicological investigations of graphene oxide with modest cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells: changes of Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:1104-1115. [PMID: 34956614 PMCID: PMC8692726 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide uses of graphene oxide (GO) lead to the contact of GO with vascular systems, so it is necessary to investigate the toxicological effects of GO to endothelial cells. Recently, we reported that GO of small lateral size (<500 nm) was relatively biocompatible to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), but recent studies by using omics-techniques revealed that nanomaterials (NMs) even without acute cytotoxicity might induce other toxicological effects. This study investigated the effects of GO on HUVECs based on RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Even after exposure to 100 μg/ml GO, the cellular viability of HUVECs was higher than 70%. Furthermore, 25 μg/ml GO was internalized but did not induce ultrastructural changes or intracellular superoxide. These results combined indicated GO's relatively high biocompatibility. However, by analyzing the most significantly altered Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathways, we found that 25 μg/ml GO altered pathways related to immune systems' functions and the responses to virus. We further verified that GO exposure significantly decreased Toll-like receptor 3 and interleukin 8 proteins, indicating an immune suppressive effect. However, THP-1 monocyte adhesion was induced by GO with or without the presence of inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide. We concluded that GO might inhibit the immune responses to virus in endothelial cells at least partially mediated by the inhibition of TLR3. Our results also highlighted a need to investigate the toxicological effects of NMs even without acute cytotoxicity by omics-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Luo
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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16
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Nagarajan M, Maadurshni GB, Tharani GK, Udhayakumar I, Kumar G, Mani KP, Sivasubramanian J, Manivannan J. Exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induces cardiovascular toxicity and exacerbates pathogenesis - Role of oxidative stress and MAPK signaling. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109719. [PMID: 34699767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The precise toxico-pathogenic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the cardiovascular system under normal and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor milieu are unclear. In this study, we have investigated the dose-dependent effects of ZnO-NPs on developing chicken embryo and cell culture (H9c2 cardiomyoblast, HUVEC and aortic VSMC) models. In addition, the potentiation effect of ZnO-NPs on simulated risk factor conditions was evaluated using; 1. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced cardiac remodeling, 2. Angiotensin-II induced cardiac hypertrophy, 3. TNF-α induced HUVEC cell death and 4. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) induced aortic VSMC calcification models. The observed results illustrates that ZnO-NPs exposure down regulates vascular development and elevates oxidative stress in heart tissue. At the cellular level, ZnO-NPs exposure reduced the cell viability and increased the intracellular ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and caspase-3 activity in a dose-dependent manner in all three cell types. In addition, ZnO-NPs exposure significantly suppressed the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) generation, cardiac Ca2+ - ATPase activity and enhanced the cardiac mitochondrial swelling. Moreover, inhibition of p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways influence the cytotoxicity. Overall, ZnO-NPs exposure affects the cardiovascular system under normal conditions and it exacerbates the cardiovascular pathogenesis under selected risk factor milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manigandan Nagarajan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ganeshmurthy Kanniamal Tharani
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inbamani Udhayakumar
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Kumar
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Priya Mani
- Vascular Research Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health and Toxicology Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Gu M, Wang S, Cao W, Yan D, Cao Y. Comparison of P25 and nanobelts on Kruppel-like factor-mediated nitric oxide pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:651-659. [PMID: 34633093 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) materials activated endothelial cells via Kruppel-like factor (KLF)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) dysfunction, but the roles of physical properties of materials are not clear. In this study, we prepared nanobelts from P25 particles and compared their adverse effects to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TiO2 nanobelts had belt-like morphology but comparable surface areas as P25 particles. When applied to HUVECs, P25 particles or nanobelts did not induce cytotoxicity, although nanobelts were much more effective to increase intracellular Ti element concentrations compared the same amounts of P25 particles. Only nanobelts significantly induced THP-1 adhesion onto HUVECs. Consistently, nanobelts were more significant to induce the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) and the release of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), indicating that nanobelts were more potent to induce endothelial activation in vitro. As the mechanisms for endothelial activation, both P25 and nanobelts reduced the generation of intracellular NO as well as the expression of NO regulators KLF2 and KLF4. Combined, the results from this study indicated that the different morphologies of P25 particles and nanobelts only changed their internalization into HUVECs but showed minimal impact on KLF-mediated NO signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Gu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Wandi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Dejian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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18
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Liu Y, Hu Q, Huang C, Cao Y. Comparison of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and halloysite nanotubes on lipid profiles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. NANOIMPACT 2021; 23:100333. [PMID: 35559834 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tubular nanomaterials (NMs), such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), may be used in biomedicine, but previous studies showed that MWCNTs induced toxicity to endothelial cells (ECs). However, the influence of tubular NMs on EC lipid profiles has gained little attention, probably because ECs are not traditionally considered to be involved in regulating lipid homeostasis. This study compared the different effects of MWCNTs and HNTs on lipid profile changes in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). The results showed that MWCNTs but not HNTs of the same mass concentrations induced cytotoxicity, ultrastuctural changes and intracellular thiol depletion. Meanwhile, only MWCNTs promoted lipid accumulation due to the induction of ER stress leading to up-regulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN). Interestingly, lipidomics results showed that the main lipid classes induced by MWCNTs but not HNTs were ceramide (Cer) and phosphatidylinositol (PI), with most of the lipid classes unaltered or even decreased after NM exposure. Then, extra Cer and PI were added to explore the implications of increase of these lipids. Adding Cer promoted the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs to HUVECs, indicating the lipotoxic role of Cer. Whereas adding PI partially increased intracellular NO and decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) release due to MWCNT exposure, indicating the signaling role of PI. These results indicated novel roles of lipid dysfunction in NM-induced toxicity to ECs, even though ECs are not the professional cells for controlling lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Qilan Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
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19
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Alsaleh NB. Adverse cardiovascular responses of engineered nanomaterials: Current understanding of molecular mechanisms and future challenges. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102421. [PMID: 34166839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is spanning multiple fields of study from materials science to computer engineering and drug discovery. Since the early 21st century, nanotechnology and nano-enabled research have received great attention and governmental funding accompanied with interest to ensure human and environmental safety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Optimal functioning of the cardiovascular (CV) system is of utmost importance for the overall health of the body. Following exposure, ENMs essentially end up in the circulation (at least partially) and hence it is key to assess any associated adverse CV consequences. Accumulating research suggests that exposure to ENMs (different compositions and physicochemical properties) has the capacity to directly and indirectly interact with CV components resulting in adverse events and worsening of CV complications. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these events remain to be elucidated. In this article, we review state-of-art literature on ENM-associated adverse CV responses and discuss the potential underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser B Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Cao Y. Potential roles of Kruppel-like factors in mediating adverse vascular effects of nanomaterials: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:4-16. [PMID: 33837572 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of nanotechnology leads to the exposure of human beings to nanomaterials (NMs), and there is a health concern about the adverse vascular effects of NMs. Current data from epidemiology, controlled human exposure, and animal studies suggested that exposure to NMs could induce cardiopulmonary effects. In support of in vivo findings, in vitro studies showed that direct contact of vascular cells with NMs could induce endothelial cell (EC) activation and promote macrophage foam cell formation, although only limited studies showed that NMs could damage vascular smooth muscle cells and promote their phenotypic switch. It has been proposed that NMs induced adverse vascular effects via different mechanisms, but it is still necessary to understand the upstream events. Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a set of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factors (TFs) that can regulate various aspects of vascular biology, but currently, the roles of KLF2 in mediating the adverse vascular effects of NMs have gained little attention by toxicologists. This review summarized current knowledge about the adverse vascular effects of NMs and proposed the potential roles of KLFs in mediating these effects based on available data from toxicological studies as well as the current understanding about KLFs in vascular biology. Finally, the challenges in investigating the role of KLFs in vascular toxicology were also summarized. Considering the important roles of KLFs in vascular biology, further studies are needed to understand the influence of NMs on KLFs and the downstream events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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21
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Li S, Zheng X, Huang C, Cao Y. Titanate nanofibers reduce Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2)-eNOS pathway in endothelial monolayer: A transcriptomic study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Zhu P, Zhang T, Li J, Ma J, Ouyang X, Zhao X, Xu M, Wang D, Xu Q. Near-infrared emission Cu, N-doped carbon dots for human umbilical vein endothelial cell labeling and their biocompatibility in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:789-798. [PMID: 33269515 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are luminescent semiconductor nanomaterials (NMs) with various biomedical applications, but the high toxicity associated with traditional QDs, such as Cd-based QDs, limits their uses in biomedicine. As such, the development of biocompatible metal-free QDs has gained extensive research interests. In this study, we synthesized near-infrared emission Cu, N-doped carbon dots (CDs) with optimal emission at 640 nm and a fluorescence quantum yield of 27.1% (in N,N-dimethylformamide [DMF]) by solvothermal method using o-phenylenediamine and copper acetate monohydrate. We thoroughly characterized the CDs and showed that they were highly fluorescent and stable under different conditions, although in highly acidic (pH = 1-2) or alkaline (pH = 12-13) solutions, a redshift or blueshift of fluorescence emission peak of Cu, N-doped CDs was also observed. When exposed to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Cu, N-doped CDs only significantly induced cytotoxicity at very high concentrations (100 or 200 μg/ml), but their cytotoxicity appeared to be comparable with carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (NPs) at the same mass concentrations. As the mechanisms, 200 μg/ml Cu, N-doped CDs and CB NPs promoted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins IRE1α and chop, leading to increased cleaved caspase 3/pro-caspase 3 ratio, but CB NPs were more effective. At noncytotoxic concentration (50 μg/ml), Cu, N-doped CDs successfully labeled HUVECs. In summary, we successfully prepared highly fluorescent and relatively biocompatible CDs to label HUVECs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peide Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiong Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Junfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Xiangcheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Deqing Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Biogas Upgrading Utilization, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, China
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23
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Cheng X, Guo H, Xian Y, Xie X. Changes of lipid profiles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to zirconia nanoparticles with or without the presence of free fatty acids. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:765-774. [PMID: 33222186 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Guo
- Testing Department Chongqing Institute of Forensic Science Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Youqi Xian
- Application Department Thermo Fisher Scientific Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing People's Republic of China
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24
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Luo Y, Wang X, Cao Y. Transcriptomic analysis suggested the involvement of impaired lipid droplet biogenesis in graphene oxide-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109325. [PMID: 33221320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that direct contact with graphene oxide (GO) induced cytotoxic effects, but the importance of involvement of metabolic pathways, in particular lipid metabolism pathways, might be overlooked. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to GO with large size (denoted as GO-L) or small size (denoted as GO-S), and transcriptomics were used to understand the mechanisms of cytotoxicity of GO at systemic levels. It was shown that GO-L more significantly induced cytotoxicity compared with GO-S. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that compared with GO-S, GO-L had larger impact on gene ontology terms related with mitochondrial function as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related with cell death and growth. But GO-S showed greater influence on KEGG pathways related with lipid metabolism. Both types of GO showed minimal impact on oxidative stress but increased de novo lipogenesis protein fatty acid synthase (FASN). However, only GO-S significantly promoted acyl-CoA synthetase 3 (ACSL3), a key enzyme responsible for esterification of free fatty acids and lipid droplet biogenesis. Not surprisingly, GO-L but not GO-S impaired lipid droplet biogenesis, and increasing lipid levels by oleic acid or α-linolenic acid reduced the cytotoxicity of GO-L to HUVECs. Combined, the results from this study suggested that impaired lipid droplet biogenesis was involved in GO-induced cytotoxicity in HUVECs, and inducing lipid droplet biogenesis could prevent the cytotoxicity of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
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Yang T, Chen J, Gao L, Huang Y, Liao G, Cao Y. Induction of lipid droplets in THP-1 macrophages by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a diameter-dependent manner: A transcriptomic study. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Luo Y, Peng J, Huang C, Cao Y. Graphene oxide size-dependently altered lipid profiles in THP-1 macrophages. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 199:110714. [PMID: 32446100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies focused on biocompatibility of graphene oxide (GO) to macrophages, but the impact of GO on lipid profiles in macrophages was less investigated. Herein, we investigated the interactions between THP-1 macrophages and GO of different sizes (GO of size 500-5000 nm, denoted as GO-L; GO of size < 500 nm, denoted as GO-S). We found that after 24 h exposure, the internalization of GO appeared to be minimal, whereas up to 50 μg/mL of GO-L but not GO-S reduced lipid accumulation, accompanying with a significantly reduced release of soluble monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) but not interleukin-6 (IL-6). Moreover, lipidomic data showed that GO-L decreased the levels of 17 lipid classes, whereas GO-S only decreased the levels of 5 lipid classes. For comparison, 50 μg/mL carbon black (CB) significantly increased lipid accumulation with considerable particle internalization. GO-reduced lipid accumulation was not related with increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or induction of autophagy, and modulation of autophagy by chemicals showed no significant effect to alter the effects of GO-L on lipid accumulation. However, exposure to GO reduced the mRNA and protein levels of key components in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, a pathway that is related with lipid droplet biogenesis, and the modulation of PPARγ by chemicals altered the effects of GO-L on lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our results suggested that GO size-dependently altered lipid profiles in THP-1 macrophages that might be related with PPAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Lab of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
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Lin J, Jiang Y, Luo Y, Guo H, Huang C, Peng J, Cao Y. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) transformed THP-1 macrophages into foam cells: Impact of pulmonary surfactant component dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122286. [PMID: 32086094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant or its components can function as barriers toward nanomaterials (NMs) entering pulmonary systems. However, since pulmonary surfactant mainly consists of lipids, it may be necessary to investigate the effects of co-exposure to NMs and pulmonary surfactant or its components on lipid metabolism and related signaling pathways. Recently we found that multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) transformed THP-1 macrophages into lipid-laden foam cells via ER stress pathway. Here this study further investigated the impact of pulmonary surfactant component dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) on this process. Up to 64 μg/mL hydroxylated or carboxylated MWCNTs induced lipid accumulation and IL-6 release in THP-1 macrophages, accompanying with increased oxidative stress and p-chop proteins (biomarker for ER stress). Incubation with 100 μg/mL DPPC led to MWCNT surface coating but did not significantly alter MWCNT internalization, lipid burden or IL-6 release. However, lipidomics indicated that DPPC altered lipid profliles in MWCNT-exposed cells. DPPC also led to a higher level of de novo lipogenesis regulator FASN in cells exposed to hydroxylated MWCNTs, as well as a higher level of p-chop and scavenger receptor MSR1 in cells exposed to carboxylated MWCNTs. Combined, DPPC did not significantly affect MWCNT-induced lipid accumulation but altered lipid components and ER stress in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Lin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yingmei Luo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Chongqing Institute of Forensic Science, Chongqing 400021, China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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Sun Y, Gong J, Cao Y. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Activate Apoptotic Pathway Through ER Stress: Does Surface Chemistry Matter? Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9285-9294. [PMID: 31819430 PMCID: PMC6886751 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s217977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physicochemical properties play a crucial role in determining the toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Recently we found that MWCNTs with longer length and smaller diameters could induce toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, we further investigated the possible contribution of hydroxylation and carboxylation to the cytotoxicity of MWCNTs. METHODS The HUVECs were exposed to pristine (code XFM19), hydroxylated (code XFM20; content of hydroxyl groups 1.76 wt%) and carboxylated (code XFM21; content of carboxyl groups 1.23 wt%) MWCNTs, respectively. Then, the internalization, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and activation of apoptosis-ER stress pathway were measured. RESULTS In consequence, all types of MWCNTs could be internalized into the HUVECs, and the cellular viability was significantly reduced to a similar level. Moreover, the MWCNTs increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased glutathione (GSH) to similar levels, indicating their capacity of inducing oxidative stress. The Western blot results showed that all types of MWCNTs reduced BCL-2 and increased caspase-3, caspase-8, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-8. The expression of ER stress gene DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) and protein level of chop were only significantly induced by XFM20 and XFM21, whereas protein level of p-chop was promoted by XFM19 and XFM21. In addition, the pro-survival gene XBP-1s was significantly down-regulated by all types of MWCNTs. CONCLUSION These results suggested that MWCNTs could induce cytotoxicity to HUVECs via the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis-ER stress, whereas a low degree of hydroxylation or carboxylation did not affect the toxicity of MWCNTs to HUVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Solid Preparation Technology of Chinese Medicines, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Jiangxi, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Gong
- National Engineering Research Center for Solid Preparation Technology of Chinese Medicines, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Jiangxi, Nanchang330006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan411105, People’s Republic of China
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