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Mizuno D, Kawahara M, Konoha-Mizuno K, Hama R, Ogawara T. The Role of Zinc in the Development of Vascular Dementia and Parkinson's Disease and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1296. [PMID: 38927502 PMCID: PMC11201809 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Synaptic zinc ions (Zn2+) play an important role in the development of vascular dementia (VD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this article, we reviewed the current comprehension of the Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity that leads to the pathogenesis of these neuronal diseases. Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity was investigated by using immortalised hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7 cells). This cell line is useful for the development of a rapid and convenient screening system for investigating Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity. GT1-7 cells were also used to search for substances that prevent Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity. Among the tested substances was a protective substance in the extract of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), and we determined its structure to be like carnosine (β-alanylhistidine). Carnosine may be a therapeutic drug for VD and PD. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms that involve the role of carnosine as an endogenous protector and its protective effect against Zn2+-induced cytotoxicity and discussed the prospects for the future therapeutic applications of this dipeptide for neurodegenerative diseases and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Mizuno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan; (K.K.-M.); (R.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shin-machi, Nishitokyo-shi 202-8585, Tokyo, Japan;
| | - Keiko Konoha-Mizuno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan; (K.K.-M.); (R.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Ryoji Hama
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan; (K.K.-M.); (R.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Terumasa Ogawara
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata-shi 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan; (K.K.-M.); (R.H.); (T.O.)
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Gu J, Guo C, Ruan J, Li K, Zhou Y, Gong X, Shi H. From ferroptosis to cuproptosis, and calcicoptosis, to find more novel metals-mediated distinct form of regulated cell death. Apoptosis 2024; 29:586-604. [PMID: 38324163 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD), also known as programmed cell death (PCD), plays a critical role in various biological processes, such as tissue injury/repair, development, and homeostasis. Dysregulation of RCD pathways can lead to the development of many human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Maintaining proper metal ion homeostasis is critical for human health. However, imbalances in metal levels within cells can result in cytotoxicity and cell death, leading to a variety of diseases and health problems. In recent years, new types of metal overload-induced cell death have been identified, including ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and calcicoptosis. This has prompted us to examine the three defined metal-dependent cell death types, and discuss other metals-induced ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis, as well as the roles of Zn2+ in metals' homeostasis and related RCD. We have reviewed the connection between metals-induced RCD and various diseases, as well as the underlying mechanisms. We believe that further research in this area will lead to the discovery of novel types of metal-dependent RCD, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and the development of new therapeutic strategies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Chuanzhi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jiacheng Ruan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Kongdong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Yang X, Li W, Ding M, Liu KJ, Qi Z, Zhao Y. Contribution of zinc accumulation to ischemic brain injury and its mechanisms about oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy: an update. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae012. [PMID: 38419293 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and presently, there is no effective neuroprotective therapy. Zinc is an essential trace element that plays important physiological roles in the central nervous system. Free zinc concentration is tightly regulated by zinc-related proteins in the brain under normal conditions. Disruption of zinc homeostasis, however, has been found to play an important role in the mechanism of brain injury following ischemic stroke. A large of free zinc releases from storage sites after cerebral ischemia, which affects the functions and survival of nerve cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, resulting in cell death. Ischemia-triggered intracellular zinc accumulation also disrupts the function of blood-brain barrier via increasing its permeability, impairing endothelial cell function, and altering tight junction levels. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been reported to be as major pathological mechanisms in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Studies have showed that the accumulation of intracellular free zinc could impair mitochondrial function to result in oxidative stress, and form a positive feedback loop between zinc accumulation and reactive oxygen species production, which leads to a series of harmful reactions. Meanwhile, elevated intracellular zinc leads to neuroinflammation. Recent studies also showed that autophagy is one of the important mechanisms of zinc toxicity after ischemic injury. Interrupting the accumulation of zinc will reduce cerebral ischemia injury and improve neurological outcomes. This review summarizes the role of zinc toxicity in cellular and tissue damage following cerebral ischemia, focusing on the mechanisms about oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mao Ding
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
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Liu Y, Li X, Liu S, Du J, Xu J, Liu Y, Guo L. The changes and potential effects of zinc homeostasis in periodontitis microenvironment. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3063-3077. [PMID: 35996971 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a very important and ubiquitous element, which is present in oral environment, daily diet, oral health products, dental restorative materials, and so on. However, there is a lack of attention to the role of both extracellular or intracellular zinc in the progression of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the characteristics of immunological microenvironment and host cells function in several key stages of periodontitis progression, and explores the regulatory effect of zinc during this process. We find multiple evidence indicate that zinc may be involved and play a key role in the stages of immune defense, inflammatory response and bone remodeling. Zinc supplementation in an appropriate dose range or regulation of zinc transport proteins can promote periodontal regeneration by either enhancing immune defense or up-regulating local cells proliferation and differentiation functions. Therefore, zinc homeostasis is essential in periodontal remodeling and regeneration. More attention is suggested to be focused on zinc homeostasis regulation and consider it as a potential strategy in the studies on periodontitis treatment, periodontal-guided tissue regeneration, implant material transformation, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Qi Z, Zhou X, Dong W, Timmins GS, Pan R, Shi W, Yuan S, Zhao Y, Ji X, Liu KJ. Neuronal Zinc Transporter ZnT3 Modulates Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.1011. [PMID: 37962463 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays important roles in both physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Accumulation of free zinc in ischemic tissue is recognized to contribute to blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following cerebral ischemia, but little is known either about the source of free zinc in microvessels or the mechanism by which free zinc mediates ischemia-induced BBB damage. We utilized cellular and animal models of ischemic stroke to determine the source of high levels of free zinc and the mechanism of free zinc-mediated BBB damage after ischemia. We report that cerebral ischemia elevated the level of extracellular fluid (ECF-Zn) of ischemic brain, leading to exacerbated BBB damage in a rat stroke model. Specifically suppressing zinc release from neurons, utilizing neuronal-specific zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) knockout mice, markedly reduced ECF-Zn and BBB permeability after ischemia. Intriguingly, the activity of zinc-dependent metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was modulated by ECF-Zn levels. Elevated ECF-Zn during ischemia directly bound to MMP-2 in extracellular fluid, increased its zinc content and augmented MMP-2 activity, leading to the degradation of tight junction protein in cerebral microvessels and BBB disruption. These findings suggest the role of neuronal ZnT3 in modulating ischemia-induced BBB disruption and reveal a novel mechanism of MMP-2 activation in BBB disruption after stroke, demonstrating ZnT3 as an effective target for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Qi
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Wen Dong
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Graham S Timmins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rong Pan
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Li W, Yang X, Ding M, Shi W, Huang Y, An Q, Qi Z, Zhao Y. Zinc accumulation aggravates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by promoting inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1065873. [PMID: 36970418 PMCID: PMC10030816 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1065873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular zinc accumulation has been shown to be associated with neuronal death after cerebral ischemia. However, the mechanism of zinc accumulation leading to neuronal death in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is still unclear. Intracellular zinc signals are required for the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The present study investigated whether intracellular accumulated zinc aggravates I/R injury through inflammatory response, and inflammation-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with vehicle or zinc chelator TPEN 15 mg/kg before a 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The expressions of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB inhibitory protein IκB-α, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were assessed at 6 or 24 h after reperfusion. Our results demonstrated that the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and NF-κB p65 increased after reperfusion, while the expression of IκB-α and IL-10 decreased, suggesting that cerebral ischemia triggers inflammatory response. Furthermore, TNF-α, NF-κB p65, and IL-10 were all colocalized with the neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN), suggesting that the ischemia-induced inflammatory response occurs in neurons. Moreover, TNF-α was also colocalized with the zinc-specific dyes Newport Green (NG), suggesting that intracellular accumulated zinc might be associated with neuronal inflammation following cerebral I/R. Chelating zinc with TPEN reversed the expression of TNF-α, NF-κB p65, IκB-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in ischemic rats. Besides, IL-6-positive cells were colocalized with TUNEL-positive cells in the ischemic penumbra of MCAO rats at 24 h after reperfusion, indicating that zinc accumulation following I/R might induce inflammation and inflammation-associated neuronal apoptosis. Taken together, this study demonstrates that excessive zinc activates inflammation and that the brain injury caused by zinc accumulation is at least partially due to specific neuronal apoptosis induced by inflammation, which may provide an important mechanism of cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqi Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mao Ding
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyou Huang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi An
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Qi Yongmei Zhao
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Qi Yongmei Zhao
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Ye Z, Liang R, Wang B, Yu L, Liu W, Wang X, Xiao L, Ma J, Zhou M, Chen W. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of urinary zinc with glucose-insulin homeostasis traits and type 2 diabetes: Exploring the potential roles of systemic inflammation and oxidative damage in Chinese urban adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120331. [PMID: 36195192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The link between zinc exposure and glucose metabolism or the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is controversial, and underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations of zinc exposure with glucose-insulin homeostasis traits and the long-term effects of zinc on the development of T2D, and further to estimate the potential roles of inflammation and oxidative damage in such relationships. We investigated 3890 urban adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort, and followed up every three years. Mixed linear model was applied to estimate dose-response associations between urinary zinc and glycemia traits [fasting plasma insulin (FPI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR), and β-cell dysfunction (homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function, HOMA-B)], as well as zinc and biomarkers for systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) and oxidative damage (8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine). Logistic regression model and Cox regression model were conducted to evaluate the relationships between urinary zinc and prevalence and incidence of T2D, respectively. We further performed mediation analysis to assess the roles of inflammation and oxidative damage biomarkers in above associations. At baseline, we observed significant dose-response relationships of elevated urinary zinc with increased FPI, FPG, HOMA-IR, and T2D prevalence and decreased HOMA-B, and such associations could be strengthened by increased C-reactive protein, 8-isoprostane, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Elevated C-reactive protein significantly mediated 9.09% and 17.67% of the zinc-related FPG and HOMA-IR increments, respectively. In longitudinal analysis, a significantly positive association between urinary zinc and T2D incidence was observed among subjects with persistent high urinary zinc levels when compared with those with persistent low zinc levels. Our results suggested that high levels of zinc exposure adversely affected on glucose-insulin homeostasis and further contributed to increased risk of T2D cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Moreover, inflammatory response might play an important role in zinc-related glucose metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ruyi Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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8
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Qi Z, Yuan S, Liu KJ, Ji X. Normobaric hyperoxia plays a neuroprotective role after cerebral ischemia by maintaining the redox homeostasis and the level of connexin43 in astrocytes. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1509-1518. [PMID: 35698913 PMCID: PMC9437237 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute cerebral ischemia is caused by an insufficient blood supply to brain tissue. Oxygen therapy, which is able to aid diffusion to reach the ischemic region, has been regarded as a possible treatment for cerebral ischemia. Recent animal and pilot clinical studies have reported that normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) showed neuroprotective effects if started soon after the onset of stroke. However, little is known about the role and mechanism of NBO treatment in astrocytes. Connexin43, one of the main gap junction proteins in astrocytes, is extremely sensitive to hypoxia and oxidative stress after cerebral ischemia. Aims In the present study, we used sutures to develop an ischemia/reperfusion model in rats to mimic clinical recanalization and investigated the role of connexin43 in NBO‐treated stroke rats, as well as the underlying mechanism of NBO therapy. Results Normobaric hyperoxia treatment maintained the homeostasis of oxidoreductases: glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and NADPH oxidase 4 (two important oxidoreductases) and rescued the ischemia/reperfusion‐induced downregulation of connexin43 protein in astrocytes. Furthermore, NBO treatment attenuated cerebral ischemia‐induced cytochrome c release from mitochondria and was involved in neuroprotective effects by regulating the GPX4 and connexin43 pathway, using Ferrostatin‐1 (an activator of GPX4) or Gap27 (an inhibitor of connexin43). Conclusions This study showed the neuroprotective effects of NBO treatment by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining the level of connexin43 in astrocytes, which could be used for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Qi
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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Gaburjakova J, Gaburjakova M. The Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor Provides a Suitable Pathway for the Rapid Transport of Zinc (Zn2+). Cells 2022; 11:cells11050868. [PMID: 35269490 PMCID: PMC8909583 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in cardiac muscle is suggested to act as a dynamic storage for Zn2+ release and reuptake, albeit it is primarily implicated in the Ca2+ signaling required for the cardiac cycle. A large Ca2+ release from the SR is mediated by the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2), and while this has a prominent conductance for Ca2+ in vivo, it also conducts other divalent cations in vitro. Since Zn2+ and permeant Mg2+ have similar physical properties, we tested if the RYR2 channel also conducts Zn2+. Using the method of planar lipid membranes, we evidenced that the RYR2 channel is permeable to Zn2+ with a considerable conductance of 81.1 ± 2.4 pS, which was significantly lower than the values for Ca2+ (127.5 ± 1.8 pS) and Mg2+ (95.3 ± 1.4 pS), obtained under the same asymmetric conditions. Despite similar physical properties, the intrinsic Zn2+ permeability (PCa/PZn = 2.65 ± 0.19) was found to be ~2.3-fold lower than that of Mg2+ (PCa/PMg = 1.146 ± 0.071). Further, we assessed whether the channel itself could be a direct target of the Zn2+ current, having the Zn2+ finger extended into the cytosolic vestibular portion of the permeation pathway. We attempted to displace Zn2+ from the RYR2 Zn2+ finger to induce its structural defects, which are associated with RYR2 dysfunction. Zn2+ chelators were added to the channel cytosolic side or strongly competing cadmium cations (Cd2+) were allowed to permeate the RYR2 channel. Only the Cd2+ current was able to cause the decay of channel activity, presumably as a result of Zn2+ to Cd2+ replacement. Our findings suggest that the RYR2 channel can provide a suitable pathway for rapid Zn2+ escape from the cardiac SR; thus, the channel may play a role in local and/or global Zn2+ signaling in cardiomyocytes.
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10
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Gao B, Wang X, Wang M, You K, Ahmed Suleiman GS, Ren XK, Guo J, Xia S, Zhang W, Feng Y. Superlow Dosage of Intrinsically Bioactive Zinc Metal-Organic Frameworks to Modulate Endothelial Cell Morphogenesis and Significantly Rescue Ischemic Disease. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1395-1408. [PMID: 35006685 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite long-term efforts for ischemia therapy, proangiogenic drugs hardly satisfy therapy/safety/cost/mass production multiple evaluations and meanwhile with a desire to minimize dosages, thereby clinical applications have been severely hampered. Recently, metal ion-based therapy has emerged as an effective strategy. Herein, intrinsically bioactive Zn metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were explored by bridging the dual superiorities of proangiogenic Zn2+ and facile/cost-effective/scalable MOFs. Zn-MOFs could enhance the morphogenesis of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. However, high dosage is inevitable and Zn-MOFs suffer from insolubility and low stability, which lead to the bioaccumulation of Zn-MOFs and seriously potential toxicity risks. To alleviate this, it is required to decrease the dosage, but this can be entrapped into the dosage/therapy/safety contradiction and disappointing therapy effect. To address these challenges, the bioavailability of Zn-MOFs is urgent to improve for the minimization of dosage and significant therapy/safety. The mitochondrial respiratory chain is Zn2+ active, which inspired us to codecorate EC-targeted and mitochondria-localizing-sequence peptides onto Zn-MOF surfaces. Interestingly, after codecoration, a 100-fold reduced dosage acquired equally powerful vascularization, and the superlow dosage significantly rescued ischemia (4.4 μg kg-1, about one order of magnitude lower than the published minimal value). Additionally, no obvious muscle injury was found after treatment. Potential toxicity risks were alleviated, benefiting from the superlow dosage. This advanced drug simultaneously satisfied comprehensive evaluations and dosage minimization. This work utilizes engineering thought to rationally design "all-around" bioactive MOFs and is expected to be applied for ischemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meiyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kexin You
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Gasim Sebit Ahmed Suleiman
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jintang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, 220 Chenglin Road, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Yakai Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Yaguan Road 135, Tianjin 300350, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin), Weijin Road 92, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Tang S, Tang T, Gao G, Wei Q, Sun K, Huang W. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis and the expression of MMPs by regulating Drp1-mediated mitophagy. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151796. [PMID: 34656826 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint degenerative disease commonly seen in the elderly. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-exosomes (BMSC-exosomes) are closely associated with the progression of OA. Here, we investigated whether BMSC-exosomes can affect OA development by regulating mitophagy. Primary rat chondrocytes were treated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to induce cell damage. The results of flow cytometry showed that AGEs treatment significantly promoted apoptosis of chondrocytes. AGEs treatment also enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-3 and MMP-13, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in chondrocytes. To investigate the impact of BMSC-exosomes on chondrocytes, chondrocytes were treated with BMSC-exosomes. AGEs-mediated increase of apoptosis and up-regulation of MMP-3, MMP-13, and Drp1 in chondrocytes were abrogated by BMSC-exosomes. Western blot analysis of autophagy-related proteins and Mito-Keima assay revealed that BMSC-exosome treatment elevated the expression of autophagy-related proteins, LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1, and promoted mitophagy in the AGEs-treated chondrocytes. Moreover, Drp1 overexpression repressed the expression of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1, and enhanced apoptosis and the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 in AGEs-treated chondrocytes. BMSC-exosomes reversed the impact of Drp1 overexpression on AGEs-treated chondrocytes. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that BMSC-exosomes inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis and the expression of MMPs, which attributes to regulate Drp1-mediated mitophagy. Thus, BMSC-exosomes may be a potential treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Guicheng Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Kuo Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wenzhou Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Orthopedics of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
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12
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Kim D, Kim EH, Bae ON. Comparative study of two isothiazolinone biocides, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT), on barrier function and mitochondrial bioenergetics using murine brain endothelial cell line (bEND.3). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:932-943. [PMID: 34315345 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1955786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Isothiazolinone (IT) biocides are potent antibacterial substances used as preservatives and disinfectants. These biocides exert differing biocidal effects and display environmental stability based upon chemical structure. In agreement with our recent study reporting that 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT) induced dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the potential adverse health effects of two IT biocides 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT) and 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) were compared using brain endothelial cells (ECs) derived from murine brain endothelial cell line (bEND.3). BIT possesses an unchlorinated IT ring structure and used as a preservative in cleaning products. DCOIT contains a chlorinated IT ring structure and employed as an antifouling agent in paints. Data demonstrated that DCOIT altered cellular metabolism at a lower concentration than BIT. Both BIT and DCOIT increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at the mitochondrial and cellular levels. However, the effect of DCOIT on glutathione (GSH) levels appeared to be greater than BIT. While mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was decreased in both BIT- and DCOIT-exposed cells, direct disturbance in mitochondrial bioenergetic flux was only observed in BIT-treated ECs. Taken together, IT biocides produced toxicity in brain EC and barrier dysfunction, but at different concentration ranges suggesting distinct differing mechanisms related to chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
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13
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The Multifaceted Roles of Zinc in Neuronal Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050489. [PMID: 33946782 PMCID: PMC8145363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a highly abundant cation in the brain, essential for cellular functions, including transcription, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling. However, zinc can also trigger injurious cascades in neurons, contributing to the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria, critical for meeting the high energy demands of the central nervous system (CNS), are a principal target of the deleterious actions of zinc. An increasing body of work suggests that intracellular zinc can, under certain circumstances, contribute to neuronal damage by inhibiting mitochondrial energy processes, including dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), leading to ATP depletion. Additional consequences of zinc-mediated mitochondrial damage include reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial permeability transition, and excitotoxic calcium deregulation. Zinc can also induce mitochondrial fission, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation, as well as inhibition of mitochondrial motility. Here, we review the known mechanisms responsible for the deleterious actions of zinc on the organelle, within the context of neuronal injury associated with neurodegenerative processes. Elucidating the critical contributions of zinc-induced mitochondrial defects to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration may provide insight into novel therapeutic targets in the clinical setting.
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Kim D, Kim EH, Choi S, Lim KM, Tie L, Majid A, Bae ON. A Commonly Used Biocide 2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-oneInduces Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction via Cellular Thiol Modification and Mitochondrial Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052563. [PMID: 33806369 PMCID: PMC7975974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiazolinone (IT) biocides are potent antibacterial substances commonly used as preservatives or disinfectants, and 2-n-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (OIT; octhilinone) is a common IT biocide that is present in leather products, glue, paints, and cleaning products. Although humans are exposed to OIT through personal and industrial use, the potentially deleterious effects of OIT on human health are still unknown. To investigate the effects of OIT on the vascular system, which is continuously exposed to xenobiotics through systemic circulation, we treated brain endothelial cells with OIT. OIT treatment significantly activated caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and reduced the bioenergetic function of mitochondria in a bEnd.3 cell-based in vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) model. Interestingly, OIT significantly altered the thiol redox status, as evidenced by reduced glutathione levels and protein S-nitrosylation. The endothelial barrier function of bEnd.3 cells was significantly impaired by OIT treatment. OIT affected mitochondrial dynamics through mitophagy and altered mitochondrial morphology in bEnd.3 cells. N-acetyl cysteine significantly reversed the effects of OIT on the metabolic capacity and endothelial function of bEnd.3 cells. Taken together, we demonstrated that the alteration of the thiol redox status and mitochondrial damage contributed to OIT-induced BBB dysfunction, and we hope that our findings will improve our understanding of the potential hazardous health effects of IT biocides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (D.K.); (E.-H.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (D.K.); (E.-H.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sungbin Choi
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (D.K.); (E.-H.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
| | - Ok-Nam Bae
- College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (D.K.); (E.-H.K.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-400-5805
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15
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Muthusamy S, Zhu D, Rajalakshmi K, Zhu W, Wang S, Lee KB, Zhao L. Successive Detection of Zinc Ion and Citrate Using a Schiff Base Chemosensor for Enhanced Prostate Cancer Diagnosis in Biosystems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1932-1941. [PMID: 35014462 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and quantitative detection of prostate cancer (PC) requires a chemosensor with an applicable sensing strategy. A star-shaped Schiff base triaminoguanidine-integrated thiophene fluorophore TAT was rationally designed with nitrogen and sulfur atoms to coordinate with Zn2+ as the initial step and to chelate with citrate as the following step. Formation of the complex TAT-Zn2+ induced an intramolecular charge transfer and caused a red-shifted, Zn2+ concentration-dependent fluorescence at 507 nm. Chelation of TAT-Zn2+ with citrate led to an emission band at 692 nm upon an aggregation-induced emission mechanism. The distinctive fluorescence emissions of Zn2+ and citrate biomarkers were demonstrated first in on-site paper-based test strips showing gradually enhanced colors at yellow and red channels and second in both in vitro and in vivo by using PC3 cells and BALB/c nude mouse animal models, respectively. The in vitro test confirmed the mitochondria organelle-targeting property of TAT, and the in vivo performance manifested the successful application of the probe in recognizing the prostate cancer. This is the first applicable chemosensor that could be in continuous recognition of dual PC biomarkers Zn2+ and citrate in cancer diagnosis with a mitochondria organelle-targeting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Muthusamy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kanagaraj Rajalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Kang-Bong Lee
- National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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16
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Krzywoszyńska K, Witkowska D, Świątek-Kozłowska J, Szebesczyk A, Kozłowski H. General Aspects of Metal Ions as Signaling Agents in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101417. [PMID: 33036384 PMCID: PMC7600656 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the current knowledge on the involvement of metal ions in signaling processes within the cell, in both physiological and pathological conditions. The first section is devoted to the recent discoveries on magnesium and calcium-dependent signal transduction-the most recognized signaling agents among metals. The following sections then describe signaling pathways where zinc, copper, and iron play a key role. There are many systems in which changes in intra- and extra-cellular zinc and copper concentrations have been linked to important downstream events, especially in nervous signal transduction. Iron signaling is mostly related with its homeostasis. However, it is also involved in a recently discovered type of programmed cell death, ferroptosis. The important differences in metal ion signaling, and its disease-leading alterations, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Krzywoszyńska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (D.W.); Tel.: +48-77-44-23-549 (K.K); +48-77-44-23-548 (D.W.)
| | - Danuta Witkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (D.W.); Tel.: +48-77-44-23-549 (K.K); +48-77-44-23-548 (D.W.)
| | - Jolanta Świątek-Kozłowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Szebesczyk
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
| | - Henryk Kozłowski
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, 68 Katowicka St., 45-060 Opole, Poland; (J.Ś.-K.); (A.S.); (H.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie St., 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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17
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Zhou L, Yao M, Tian Z, Song Y, Sun Y, Ye J, Li G, Sng KS, Xu L, Cui X, Wang Y. Echinacoside attenuates inflammatory response in a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy via inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:697-714. [PMID: 32014501 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction with few treatment options. Although mitochondrial dynamics are linked to a wide range of pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases, a connection between aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and CSM remains to be illuminated. In addition, mechanisms underlying the emerging anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of echinacoside (ECH), the main active ingredient of Cistanche salsa, are poorly understood. We hypothesized that excessive mitochondrial fission plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses in CSM, and ECH might alleviate such responses by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. To this end, we assessed the effects of ECH and Mdivi-1, a selective inhibitor of dynamin-related protein (Drp1), in a rat model of chronic cervical cord compression and activated BV2 cells. Our results showed that rats with Mdivi-1 intervention had improved motor function compared with vehicle-treated rats. Indeed, Mdivi-1 treatment attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as activation of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and Drp1 in lesions. Compared with vehicle-treated rats, compression sites of Mdivi-1-treated animals exhibited elongated mitochondrial morphologies and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, ECH-treated rats exhibited neurological recovery and suppression of inflammatory response or related signals in the lesion area after treatment. Interestingly, ECH treatment partly reversed aberrant mitochondrial fragmentation and oxidative stress within the lesion area. In vitro data suggested that ECH suppressed activated microglia by modulating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, we observed that ECH markedly inhibited Drp1 translocation onto mitochondria, whereby it regulated mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, which act as regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB signaling. Thus, our findings reveal that mitochondrial dynamics modulate inflammatory responses during CSM. Moreover, ECH may attenuate neuroinflammation in rats subjected to chronic cervical cord compression by regulating Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and activation of downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Zhou
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Rehabilitation Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zirui Tian
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjia Song
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yueli Sun
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gan Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kim Sia Sng
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leqin Xu
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, 361009, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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18
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Kawahara M, Sadakane Y, Mizuno K, Kato-Negishi M, Tanaka KI. Carnosine as a Possible Drug for Zinc-Induced Neurotoxicity and Vascular Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072570. [PMID: 32272780 PMCID: PMC7177235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the metal homeostasis is involved in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases including senile type of dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and vascular dementia. In particular, synaptic Zn2+ is known to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. In this article, we review the molecular pathways of Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity based on our and numerous other findings, and demonstrated the implications of the energy production pathway, the disruption of calcium homeostasis, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress pathway, and the stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) pathway. Furthermore, we have searched for substances that protect neurons from Zn2+-induced neurotoxicity among various agricultural products and determined carnosine (β-alanyl histidine) as a possible therapeutic agent for vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81–42–468–8299
| | - Yutaka Sadakane
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan;
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan;
| | - Midori Kato-Negishi
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (K.T.)
| | - Ken-ichiro Tanaka
- Department of Bio-Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (K.T.)
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