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Ye WW, Meng XY, Zhao Q, Chen JY, Liu C, Chen F, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Echinacoside exerts its protective effects in a type 2 diabetes mellitus injury model via the AKT pathway. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2023; 25:880-889. [PMID: 36573490 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2157269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH) is the main compound of Cistanche deserticola, which possesses antioxidant, antitumor, antifatigue, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the protective effects of echinacoside on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced injury in T2DM injury db/db mice model and insulin-resistant LO2 cell model. The results demonstrated that ECH probably alleviated T2DM-induced injury by mediating the AKT pathway, which provided a new direction for the treatment of T2DM-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiang-Ying Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian-Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai 200237, China
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Zhou L, Yao M, Tian Z, Song Y, Sun Y, Ye J, Li G, Sng KS, Xu L, Cui X, Wang Y. Echinacoside attenuates inflammatory response in a rat model of cervical spondylotic myelopathy via inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:697-714. [PMID: 32014501 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction with few treatment options. Although mitochondrial dynamics are linked to a wide range of pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases, a connection between aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and CSM remains to be illuminated. In addition, mechanisms underlying the emerging anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of echinacoside (ECH), the main active ingredient of Cistanche salsa, are poorly understood. We hypothesized that excessive mitochondrial fission plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory responses in CSM, and ECH might alleviate such responses by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. To this end, we assessed the effects of ECH and Mdivi-1, a selective inhibitor of dynamin-related protein (Drp1), in a rat model of chronic cervical cord compression and activated BV2 cells. Our results showed that rats with Mdivi-1 intervention had improved motor function compared with vehicle-treated rats. Indeed, Mdivi-1 treatment attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as activation of the nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and Drp1 in lesions. Compared with vehicle-treated rats, compression sites of Mdivi-1-treated animals exhibited elongated mitochondrial morphologies and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Similarly, ECH-treated rats exhibited neurological recovery and suppression of inflammatory response or related signals in the lesion area after treatment. Interestingly, ECH treatment partly reversed aberrant mitochondrial fragmentation and oxidative stress within the lesion area. In vitro data suggested that ECH suppressed activated microglia by modulating activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, we observed that ECH markedly inhibited Drp1 translocation onto mitochondria, whereby it regulated mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production, which act as regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB signaling. Thus, our findings reveal that mitochondrial dynamics modulate inflammatory responses during CSM. Moreover, ECH may attenuate neuroinflammation in rats subjected to chronic cervical cord compression by regulating Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and activation of downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Zhou
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Rehabilitation Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zirui Tian
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongjia Song
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yueli Sun
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gan Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kim Sia Sng
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Leqin Xu
- Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, 361009, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Hutler Wolkowicz IR, Aronzon CM, Pérez Coll CS. Lethal and sublethal toxicity of the industrial chemical epichlorohydrin on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) embryos and larvae. J Hazard Mater 2013; 263 Pt 2:784-791. [PMID: 24231313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lethal and sublethal toxicity of the major chemical used in epoxide compounds, epichlorohydrin (ECH) was evaluated on the early life cycle of the common South American toad, Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae). The stages evaluated were (according to Del Conte and Sirlin): early blastula (S.3-S.4), gastrula (S.10-S.12), rotation (S.15), tail bud (S.17), muscular response (S.18), gill circulation (S.20), open mouth (S.21), opercular folds (S.23) and complete operculum (S.25). The LC50 and EC50 values for lethal and sublethal effects were calculated. The early blastula was the most sensitive stage to ECH both for continuously and pulse-exposures (LC50-24h=50.9 mg L(-1)), while S.20 was the most resistant (LC50-24h=104.9 mg L(-1)). Among sublethal effects, early blastula was also the most sensitive stage (LOEC-48 h=20 mg L(-1)) and it has a Teratogenic Index of 2.5, which indicates the teratogenic potential of the substance. The main abnormalities were persistent yolk plugs, cell dissociation, tumors, hydropsy, oral malformations, axial/tail flexures, delayed development and reduced body size. ECH also caused neurotoxicity including scarce response to stimuli, reduction in the food intake, general weakness, spasms and shortening, erratic or circular swimming. Industrial contamination is considered an important factor on the decline of amphibian populations. Considering the available information about ECH's toxicity and its potential hazard to the environment, this work shows the first results of its developmental toxicity on a native amphibian species, Rhinella arenarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ianina R Hutler Wolkowicz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1 piso (1650), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Takahashi PY, Ryu E, Olson JE, Anderson KS, Hathcock MA, Haas LR, Naessens JM, Pathak J, Bielinski SJ, Cerhan JR. Hospitalizations and emergency department use in Mayo Clinic Biobank participants within the employee and community health medical home. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:963-9. [PMID: 24001488 PMCID: PMC4151531 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the participants in the Mayo Clinic Biobank for their representativeness to the entire Employee and Community Health program (ECH) primary care population with regard to hospital utilization. PATIENTS AND METHODS Participants enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Biobank from April 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, were linked to the ECH population. These individuals were categorized into risk tiers (0-4) on the basis of the number of health conditions present as of December 31, 2010. Outcomes were ascertained through December 31, 2011. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for risk of hospitalization, emergency department (ED) visits, and for risk of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits were estimated. RESULTS The 8927 Biobank participants were part of ECH (N=84,872). Compared with the entire ECH population, the Biobank-ECH participants were more likely to be female (64.3% vs 54.6%), older (median age, 58 years vs 47 years), and categorized to tier 0 (6.4% vs 24.0%). There were strong positive associations between tier (tier 4 vs combined tiers 0 and 1) and risk of hospitalization (HR, 5.8; 95% CI, 4.6-7.5) and ED visits (HR, 5.4; 95% CI, 4.2-6.8) among Biobank-ECH participants. Similar associations for risk of hospitalization (HR, 8.5; 95% CI, 7.8-9.3) and ED visits (HR, 6.9; 95% CI, 6.4-7.5) were observed for the entire ECH population. CONCLUSION Although the Biobank-ECH participants were older and had more chronic conditions compared with the overall ECH population, the associations of risk tier with utilization outcomes were similar, supporting the use of the Biobank participants to assess biomarkers for health care outcomes in the primary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Y Takahashi
- Division of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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