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Telgmann L, Horn H. The behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds and contrast agents during wastewater treatment - Combining sampling strategies and analytical techniques: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174344. [PMID: 38964417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and the respective consequences for the aquatic environment have been the focus of many studies over the last thirty years. Various aspects in this field were investigated, considering diverse pharmaceutical groups and employing a wide range of research methodologies. Various questions from the perspectives of different research areas were devised and answered, resulting in a large mix of individual findings and conclusions. Collectively, the results of the studies offer a comprehensive overview. The large variety of methods and strategies, however, demands close attention when comparing and combining information from heterogeneous projects. This review critically examines the application of diverse sampling techniques as well as analytical methods in investigations concerning the behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and contrast agents (CAs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combination of sampling and analysis is discussed with regard to its suitability for specific scientific problems. Different research focuses need different methods and answer different questions. An overview of studies dealing with the fate and degradation of PhACs and CAs in WWTPs is presented, discussing their strategic approaches and findings. This review includes surveys of anticancer drugs, antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, antidiabetics, beta blockers, hormonal contraceptives, lipid lowering agents, antidepressants as well as contrast agents for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Telgmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Department Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
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2
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Alqarni AM. Analytical Methods for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Solid and Liquid Environmental Matrices: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:3900. [PMID: 39202981 PMCID: PMC11357415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the various compounds regarded as emerging contaminants (ECs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are of particular concern. Their continuous release into the environment has a negative global impact on human life. This review summarizes the sources, occurrence, persistence, consequences of exposure, and toxicity of PPCPs, and evaluates the various analytical methods used in the identification and quantification of PPCPs in a variety of solid and liquid environmental matrices. The current techniques of choice for the analysis of PPCPs are state-of-the-art liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS2). However, the complexity of the environmental matrices and the trace levels of micropollutants necessitate the use of advanced sample treatments before these instrumental analyses. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) with different sorbents is now the predominant method used for the extraction of PPCPs from environmental samples. This review also addresses the ongoing analytical method challenges, including sample clean-up and matrix effects, focusing on the occurrence, sample preparation, and analytical methods presently available for the determination of environmental residues of PPCPs. Continuous development of innovative analytical methods is essential for overcoming existing limitations and ensuring the consistency and diversity of analytical methods used in investigations of environmental multi-class compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmalik M Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Senthil Kumar P, G P, Elavarasan N, Sreeja BS. A selective analysis of sulfamethoxazole - Trimethoprim in tablet formulations using graphene oxide-zinc oxide quantum dots based nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138814. [PMID: 37149102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, simultaneous analysis on electrochemical detection of SMX and TMP in tablet formulation has been made using graphene oxide (GO) and ZnO QDs (GO-ZnO QDs) based nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The functional group presence was observed using FTIR study. The electrochemical characterization for GO, ZnO QDs and GO-ZnO QDs was studied using cyclic voltammetry using [Fe(CN)6]3- medium. In order to estimate the electrochemical redox behavior of SMX and TMP from tablet, the developed electrodes GO/GCE, ZnO QDs/GCE and GO-ZnO QDs/GCE are initially tested for electrochemical activity towards the SMX tablet in BR pH 7 medium. Later their electrochemical sensing has been monitored using square wave voltammetry (SWV). On observing the characteristic behavior of developed electrodes, GO/GCE exhibited detection potential of +0.48 V for SMX and +1.37 V for TMP whereas, ZnO QDs/GCE with +0.78V for SMX and for TMP 1.01 V respectively. Similarly, for GO-ZnO QDs/GCE, its 0.45 V for SMX and 1.11 V for TMP are observed using cyclic voltammetry. The obtained potential results on detecting SMX and TMP are in good agreement with previous results. Under optimized conditions, the response has been monitored with linear concentration range 50 μg/L to 300 μg/L for GO/GCE, ZnO QDs/GCE and GO-ZnO QDs/GCE in SMX tablet formulations. Their detection limits for the individual detection using GO-ZnO/GCE for SMX and TMP are found to be 0.252 ng/L and 19.10 μg/L and for GO/GCE it was 0.252 pg/L and 2.059 ng/L respectively. It was observed that ZnO QDs/GCE could not provide the electrochemical sensing towards SMX and TMP which may be due to the ZnO QPs can act as a blocking layer impeding the electron transfer process. Thus, the sensor performance lead to promising biomedical applications in real-time monitoring on evaluating selective analysis with SMX and TMP in tablet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Padmalaya G
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Elavarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B S Sreeja
- Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sun C, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Feng XS. Triclosan and related compounds in the environment: Recent updates on sources, fates, distribution, analytical extraction, analysis, and removal techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161885. [PMID: 36731573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) has been widely used in daily life because of its broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. The residue of TCS and related compounds in the environment is one of the critical environmental safety problems, and the pandemic of COVID-19 aggravates the accumulation of TCS and related compounds in the environment. Therefore, detecting TCS and related compound residues in the environment is of great significance to human health and environmental safety. The distribution of TCS and related compounds are slightly different worldwide, and the removal methods also have advantages and disadvantages. This paper summarized the research progress on the source, distribution, degradation, analytical extraction, detection, and removal techniques of TCS and related compounds in different environmental samples. The commonly used analytical extraction methods for TCS and related compounds include solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase microextraction, liquid-phase microextraction, and so on. The determination methods include liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, gas chromatography and related methods, sensors, electrochemical method, capillary electrophoresis. The removal techniques in various environmental samples mainly include biodegradation, advanced oxidation, and adsorption methods. Besides, both the pros and cons of different techniques have been compared and summarized, and the development and prospect of each technique have been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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5
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Larder CE, Iskandar MM, Sabally K, Kubow S. Complementary and efficient methods for di- and tri-peptide analysis and amino acid quantification from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of collagen hydrolysate. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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D Tecuapa-Flores E, Hernández JG, Roquero-Tejeda P, Arenas-Alatorre JA, Thangarasu P. Rapid electrochemical recognition of trimethoprim in human urine samples using new modified electrodes (CPE/Ag/Au NPs) analysing tunable electrode properties: experimental and theoretical studies. Analyst 2021; 146:7653-7669. [PMID: 34806723 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01408k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical effluents are a serious environmental issue, which require to be treated by a suitable technique; thus, the electrochemical process is actively considered as a viable method for the treatment. In this work, new carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) were fabricated by compressing gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs), namely, CPE/Ag NPs, CPE/Au NPs, and CPE/Ag/Au NPs and then completely characterized by different analytical methods. The performance of the electrodes was studied after determining their surface area (×10-6 cm2) as 4.17, 5.05, 5.27, and 5.12, producing high anodic currents for K4[Fe(CN)6] compared to the commercial electrode. This agrees with the results of impedance study, where the electron transfer rate constants (kapp, ×10-3 cm s-1) were determined to be 28.7, 42.6, 41.0, and 101.4 for CPE, CPE/Ag NPs, CPE/Au NPs, and CPE/Ag/Au NPs, respectively, through the Bode plot-phase shifts. This is consistent with the charge transfer resistance (RCT, Ω), resulting as 171 for CPE/Ag/Au NPs < 395 for CPE/Ag NPs < 427 for CPE/Au NPs and < 742 for CPE. Therefore, these electrodes were employed to detect trimethoprim (TMP) since metallic NPs contribute good crystallinity, stability, conduciveness, and surface plasmon resonance to the CPE, convalescing the sensitivity; comprehensively, they were applied for its detection in real water and human urine samples, and the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 0.026, 0.032, and 0.026 μmol L-1 for CPE/Ag NPs, CPE/Au NPs, and CPE/Ag/Au NPs, respectively. In contrast, unmodified CPE was unable to detect TMP due to the lack of efficiency. The developed technique shows excellent electrochemical recovery of 92.3 and 97.1% in the urine sample. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to explain the impact of the metallic center in graphite through density of states (DOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo D Tecuapa-Flores
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - José Guadalupe Hernández
- Centro Tecnológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES-Aragón), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, CP 57130, Mexico
| | - Pedro Roquero-Tejeda
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Jesús A Arenas-Alatorre
- Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Pandiyan Thangarasu
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
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7
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A new electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim antibiotics based on graphene and ZnO nanorods modified glassy carbon electrode. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Srinivasan V, Kathiravan A, Kathiresan M, Krishnan G, Jhonsi MA. Facile synthesis of carbon nanocubes and its applications for sensing antibiotics. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Su YL, You HC, Cheng SH, Lin CY. Fabrication of bacteriochlorin shell/gold core nanoparticles for the sensitive determination of trichlosan using differential pulse voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1123:44-55. [PMID: 32507239 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The triclosan contamination in daily life has attracted great attention, and there is rare electroanalytical assay based on π-system dyes. In this work, a facile preparation and electroanalytical application of an organic dispersion containing bacteriochlorin dyes (LS11) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was proposed. The organic-inorganic hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) showing a core-shell structure with a uniform layer of dye molecules. The as-prepared nanocomposites were successfully coated onto glassy carbon electrodes, and the surface characteristics of the top most layer of the modified electrodes were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and water contact angle experiments. The nanocomposite film-modified electrodes exhibited good electrochemical activity towards oxidation of triclosan. The oxidation of adsorbed triclosan occurred at a reduced overpotential, and the anodic current responses under a pre-concentration step prior to the potential scan were used for quantitative analysis. A good linear relationship from 0.01 μM to 0.5 μM was obtained using differential pulse voltammetry. The sensitivity and detection limit (S/N = 3) were 23.69 μA μM-1 and 0.03 μM, respectively. The proposed assay was applied to detect triclosan in two personal hygiene products using standard addition method, and the results showed good recoveries that ranged from 96.6% to 101.5% and from 99.3% to 103.8% for a toothpaste sample and a hand wash sample, respectively. A reference HPLC-UV method was used to evaluate the proposed electroanalytical method, and a good agreement was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan, 545
| | - Huei-Chi You
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan, 545
| | - Shu-Hua Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan, 545.
| | - Ching-Yao Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou Hsien, Taiwan, 545.
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10
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High performance liquid chromatographic determination of triclosan, triclocarban and methyl-triclosan in wastewater using mini-bar micro-solid phase extraction. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Jung D, Gerelkhuu Z, Huy BT, Lee YI. Fluorescence Optosensing of Triclosan by Upconversion Nanoparticles with Potassium Permanganate. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:7931-7937. [PMID: 31459881 PMCID: PMC6649309 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is greatly significant to develop a simple and rapid sensing method for triclosan (TCS) because it is a widely used and a chronically toxic compound that adversely affects biological organisms and human health. This paper presents the design and development of a novel simple optosensor that uses carboxylic group-functionalized NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coated with potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The sensor enables the rapid, non-autofluorescence, sensitive, and selective detection of TCS based on the "turn off-on fluorescence" technique through fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Under an near-infrared radiation excitation (980 nm), the "turn-off fluorescence" process involves the transfer of fluorescence resonance energy between the UCNPs and KMnO4, whereas the "turn-on fluorescence" process occurs when KMnO4 is reduced in the presence of TCS. TCS was detected by recovering the green emission of UCNPs. Under optimized conditions, the resulting sensor offered an excellent response to TCS with 0.2 μM of a limit of detection. The developed sensor showed higher selectivity to TCS than other phenolic compounds. Moreover, the analytical performance of the proposed probe was practically demonstrated to successfully monitor trace levels of TCS in samples of tap water and personal care products. The developed simple and sensitive method may offer a new approach for determining TCS in environmental applications.
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Semreen MH, Shanableh A, Semerjian L, Alniss H, Mousa M, Bai X, Acharya K. Simultaneous Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Solid-phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study from Sharjah Sewage Treatment Plant. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030633. [PMID: 30754718 PMCID: PMC6385045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the optimization and validation of a highly selective and sensitive analytical method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE LC-MS/MS) for the determination of some frequently prescribed pharmaceuticals in urban wastewater received and treated by Sharjah sewage treatment plant (STP). The extraction efficiency of different SPE cartridges was tested and the simultaneous extraction of pharmaceuticals was successfully accomplished using hydrophilic-lipophilic-balanced reversed phase Waters® Oasis HLB cartridge (200 mg/ 6 mL) at pH 3. The analytes were separated on an Aquity BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm) using gradient elution and mass spectrometric analysis were performed in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) selecting two precursor ions to produce ion transition for each pharmaceutical using positive electrospray ionization (+ESI) mode. The correlation coefficient values in the linear calibration plot for each target compound exceeded 0.99 and the recovery percentages of the investigated pharmaceuticals were more than 84%. Limit of detection (LOD) varied between 0.1–1.5 ng/L and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.3–5 ng/L for all analytes. The precision of the method was calculated as the relative standard deviation (RSD%) of replicate measurements and was found to be in the ranges of 2.2% to 7.7% and 2.2% to 8.6% for inter and intra-day analysis, respectively. All of the obtained validation parameters satisfied the requirements and guidelines of analytical method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Semreen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdallah Shanableh
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Lucy Semerjian
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Hasan Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mouath Mousa
- Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Xuelian Bai
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
| | - Kumud Acharya
- Desert Research Institute, 755 E Flamingo Rd, Las Vegas, NV 89119, United States.
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Rucins M, Baron D, Plotniece A, Petr J. Determination of Hormone Antagonists in Waste-Water Samples by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Li G, Deng R, Peng G, Yang C, He Q, Lu Y, Shi H. Magnetic solid-phase extraction for the analysis of bisphenol A, naproxen and triclosan in wastewater samples. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:2220-2227. [PMID: 29757174 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Fe3O4 graphene oxide nanocomposite was synthesized by chemical coprecipitation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction. A simple, rapid, convenient and environmentally friendly method was developed for separation and pre-concentration of trace amounts of bisphenol A, naproxen and triclosan in wastewater samples by high performance liquid chromatography with magnetic Fe3O4 graphene oxide nanocomposite as the adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction. Various parameters possibly influencing the extraction performance such as amount of the adsorbent, extraction time, sample pH and elution conditions were optimized. Under the optimal working conditions, the developed method showed good linearity (R > 0.9997) in the range of 1-200 μg/L, and the limits of detection are between 0.5 and 0.8 μg/L. The enrichment factors are in the range of 81-89. The repeatability of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation, is 3.36-4.26%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ruoyu Deng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Guilong Peng
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China E-mail:
| | - Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region of Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Mathematics and Physics, Armed Police College, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Huilan Shi
- College of Eco-environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
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15
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Rodríguez-Gil JL, Cáceres N, Dafouz R, Valcárcel Y. Caffeine and paraxanthine in aquatic systems: Global exposure distributions and probabilistic risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:1058-1071. [PMID: 28892846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents one of the most complete applications of probabilistic methodologies to the risk assessment of emerging contaminants. Perhaps the most data-rich of these compounds, caffeine, as well as its main metabolite (paraxanthine), were selected for this study. Information for a total of 29,132 individual caffeine and 7442 paraxanthine samples was compiled, including samples where the compounds were not detected. The inclusion of non-detect samples (as censored data) in the estimation of environmental exposure distributions (EEDs) allowed for a realistic characterization of the global presence of these compounds in aquatic systems. EEDs were compared to species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), when possible, in order to calculate joint probability curves (JPCs) to describe the risk to aquatic organisms. This way, it was determined that unacceptable environmental risk (defined as 5% of the species being potentially exposed to concentrations able to cause effects in>5% of the cases) could be expected from chronic exposure to caffeine from effluent (28.4% of the cases), surface water (6.7% of the cases) and estuary water (5.4% of the cases). Probability of exceedance of acute predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) for paraxanthine were higher than 5% for all assessed matrices except for drinking water and ground water, however no experimental effects data was available for paraxanthine, resulting in a precautionary deterministic hazard assessment for this compound. Given the chemical similarities between both compounds, real effect thresholds, and thus risk, for paraxanthine, would be expected to be close to those observed for caffeine. Negligible Human health risk from exposure to caffeine via drinking or groundwater is expected from the compiled data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Rodríguez-Gil
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - N Cáceres
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Seguridad y Bienestar Animal, S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Dafouz
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Research and Teaching Group in Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment (TAyER), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nursery and Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Archana G, Dhodapkar R, Kumar A. Ecotoxicological risk assessment and seasonal variation of some pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the sewage treatment plant and surface water bodies (lakes). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:446. [PMID: 28799017 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the seasonal variation and environmental quality control data for five fingerprint pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (acetaminophen ciprofloxacin, caffeine, irgasan and benzophenone) in the influent and the effluent of the sewage treatment plant (STP) and surface water bodies (six major lakes) in and around Nagpur, one of the "A class city" in the central India over a period of 1 year. The target compounds were analysed using developed offline solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC-PDA) method. All the five PPCPs were found in the influent, whereas four were found in the effluent of the STP. However, in the surface water bodies, three PPCPs were detected in all the seasons. Above PPCPs were present in the concentration range of 1-174 μg L-1 in the surface water bodies, 12-373 μg L-1 in the influent and 11-233 μg L-1 in the effluent of the STP. Amongst the five PPCPs, caffeine was found to be in higher concentration as compared to others. The seasonal trends indicate higher concentrations of PPCPs in summer season and lowest in the rainy season. Additionally, physico-chemical characterisations (inorganic and organic parameters) of the collected samples were performed to access the anthropogenic pollution. Ecotoxicological risk assessment was done to appraise the degree of toxicity of the targeted compounds. Hazard quotient (HQ) values were found to be < 1 indicating no adverse effect on the targeted organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Archana
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India
| | - Rita Dhodapkar
- Wastewater Technology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, [CSIR], Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
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17
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de Vasconcelos EC, Dalke CR, de Oliveira CMR. Influence of Select Antibiotics on Vibrio fischeri and Desmodesmus subspicatus at μg L -1 Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:157-164. [PMID: 28271212 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is a contemporary reality and it is necessary to understand more about the effects of this presence on organisms. The purpose of this work was to assess the ecotoxicity of antibiotics metronidazole, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, and sulphamethoxazole (single and mixture) in Vibrio fischeri and Desmodesmus subspicatus at μg L-1 concentrations. The evaluation of the toxic effect of the antibiotics on V. fischeri and D. subspicatus was based on fluorescence and bioluminescence tests, respectively, using nominal concentrations. When tested individually, the four antibiotics gave rise to a toxic effect on the evaluated organisms. Sulphamethoxazole caused a higher toxic effect on V. fischeri and D. subspicatus from 7.81 to 500 μg L-1. Trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole showed hormesis for the concentrations, which ranged from 7.81 to 62.5 μg L-1. The mixture of antibiotics induced a toxic effect on the V. fischeri and D. subspicatus organisms (from 0.03 to 1 μg L-1 concentrations) than when the antibiotics were evaluated individually. These results were significant since water quality problems are widespread all over the word, and emerging pollutants such as antibiotics have been detected in the aquatic environment in very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C de Vasconcelos
- Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, CEP 81280-330, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - C R Dalke
- Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, CEP 81280-330, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - C M R de Oliveira
- Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, CEP 81280-330, Curitiba, Brazil
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18
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Montaseri H, Forbes PB. A review of monitoring methods for triclosan and its occurrence in aquatic environments. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Dhodapkar R, Kumar A. Offline solid-phase extraction for preconcentration of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in environmental water and their simultaneous determination using the reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:512. [PMID: 27502523 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports a precise and simple offline solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of five representative and commonly present pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), a new class of emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment. The target list of analytes including ciprofloxacin, acetaminophen, caffeine benzophenone and irgasan were separated by a simple HPLC method. The column used was a reversed-phase C18 column, and the mobile phase was 1 % acetic acid and methanol (20:80 v/v) under isocratic conditions, at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1). The analytes were separated and detected within 15 min using the photodiode array detector (PDA). The linearity of the calibration curves were obtained with correlation coefficients 0.98-0.99.The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy and ruggedness demonstrated the reproducibility, specificity and sensitivity of the developed method. Prior to the analysis, the SPE was performed using a C18 cartridge to preconcentrate the targeted analytes from the environmental water samples. The developed method was applied to evaluate and fingerprint PPCPs in sewage collected from a residential engineering college campus, polluted water bodies such as Nag river and Pili river and the influent and effluent samples from a sewage treatment plant (STP) situated at Nagpur city, in the peak summer season. This method is useful for estimation of pollutants present in microquantities in the surface water bodies and treated sewage as compared to nanolevel pollutants detected by mass spectrometry (MS) detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Dhodapkar
- Waste water Technology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR), Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Chemistry Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, 440010, India.
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20
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Abdul Karim N’I, Wan Ibrahim WA, Sanagi MM, Abdul Keyon AS. Online preconcentration by electrokinetic supercharging for separation of endocrine disrupting chemical and phenolic pollutants in water samples. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2649-2656. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul ’I. Abdul Karim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Wan A. Wan Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Mohd M. Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Bahru Malaysia
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21
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Sgobbi LF, Razzino CA, Machado SA. A disposable electrochemical sensor for simultaneous detection of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim antibiotics in urine based on multiwalled nanotubes decorated with Prussian blue nanocubes modified screen-printed electrode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Abstract
This chapter includes the aspects of carbamazepine. The drug is synthesized by the use of 5H-dibenz[b,f]azepine and phosgene followed by subsequent reaction with ammonia. Carbamazepine is generally used for the treatment of seizure disorders and neuropathic pain, it is also important as off-label for a second-line treatment for bipolar disorder and in combination with an antipsychotic in some cases of schizophrenia when treatment with a conventional antipsychotic alone has failed. Other uses may include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, phantom limb syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, borderline personality disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The chapter discusses the drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics and presents various methods of analysis of this drug such electrochemical analysis, spectroscopic analysis, and chromatographic techniques of separation. It also discusses its physical properties such as solubility characteristics, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and thermal methods of analysis. The chapter is concluded with a discussion on its biological properties such as activity, toxicity, and safety.
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23
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Zhang S, He P, Zhang G, Lei W, He H. Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes/Graphite Nanosheets Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Acetaminophen and Dopamine. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:657-62. [PMID: 26165288 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Graphite nanosheets prepared by thermal expansion and successive sonication were utilized for the construction of a multi-walled carbon nanotubes/graphite nanosheets based amperometric sensing platform to simultaneously determine acetaminophen and dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid in physiological conditions. The synergistic effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite nanosheets catalyzed the electrooxidation of acetaminophen and dopamine, leading to a remarkable potential difference up to 200 mV. The as-prepared modified electrode exhibited linear responses to acetaminophen and dopamine in the concentration ranges of 2.0 × 10(-6) - 2.4 × 10(-4) M (R = 0.999) and 2.0 × 10(-6) - 2.0 × 10(-4) M (R = 0.998), respectively. The detection limits were down to 2.3 × 10(-7) M for acetaminophen and 3.5 × 10(-7) M for dopamine (S/N = 3). Based on the simple preparation and prominent electrochemical properties, the obtained multi-walled carbon nanotubes/graphite nanosheets modified electrode would be a good candidate for the determination of acetaminophen and dopamine without the interference of ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials
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24
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Riad SM, Salem H, Elbalkiny HT, Khattab FI. Validated univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods for the determination of pharmaceuticals mixture in complex wastewater. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 140:451-461. [PMID: 25637816 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Five, accurate, precise, and sensitive univariate and multivariate spectrophotometric methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of a ternary mixture containing Trimethoprim (TMP), Sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) and Oxytetracycline (OTC) in waste water samples collected from different cites either production wastewater or livestock wastewater after their solid phase extraction using OASIS HLB cartridges. In univariate methods OTC was determined at its λmax 355.7 nm (0D), while (TMP) and (SMZ) were determined by three different univariate methods. Method (A) is based on successive spectrophotometric resolution technique (SSRT). The technique starts with the ratio subtraction method followed by ratio difference method for determination of TMP and SMZ. Method (B) is successive derivative ratio technique (SDR). Method (C) is mean centering of the ratio spectra (MCR). The developed multivariate methods are principle component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS). The specificity of the developed methods is investigated by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the three drugs. The obtained results are statistically compared with those obtained by the official methods, showing no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision at p=0.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa M Riad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham Salem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Menia, Egypt
| | - Heba T Elbalkiny
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 11787 6th October City, Egypt.
| | - Fatma I Khattab
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Wang L, Sun Y, Liu Q. Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Product Components in Wastewater Using Capillary Electrophoresis Coupled with Solid Phase Extraction. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.966377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Salinas-Vargas ME, Cañizares-Macías MP. On-line solid–phase extraction using a C18 minicolumn coupled to a flow injection system for determination of caffeine in green and roasted coffee beans. Food Chem 2014; 147:182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Mohapatra DP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Picard P, Surampalli RY. Analysis and advanced oxidation treatment of a persistent pharmaceutical compound in wastewater and wastewater sludge-carbamazepine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 470-471:58-75. [PMID: 24140682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are considered as emerging environmental problem due to their continuous input and persistence to the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. Among them, carbamazepine (CBZ) has been detected at the highest frequency, which ends up in aquatic systems via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other sources. The identification and quantification of CBZ in wastewater (WW) and wastewater sludge (WWS) is of major interest to assess the toxicity of treated effluent discharged into the environment. Furthermore, WWS has been subjected for re-use either in agricultural application or for the production of value-added products through the route of bioconversion. However, this field application is disputable due to the presence of these organic compounds and in order to protect the ecosystem or end users, data concerning the concentration, fate, behavior as well as the perspective of simultaneous degradation of these compounds is urgently necessary. Many treatment technologies, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed in order to degrade CBZ in WW and WWS. AOPs are technologies based on the intermediacy of hydroxyl and other radicals to oxidize recalcitrant, toxic and non-biodegradable compounds to various by-products and eventually to inert end products. The purpose of this review is to provide information on persistent pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine, its ecological effects and removal during various AOPs of WW and WWS. This review also reports the different analytical methods available for quantification of CBZ in different contaminated media including WW and WWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Mohapatra
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S K Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - P Picard
- Phytronix Technologies, 4535 Boulevard Wilfrid Hamel, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - R Y Surampalli
- US Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA
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28
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da Silva IS, Vidal DTR, do Lago CL, Angnes L. Fast simultaneous determination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole by capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1405-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iranaldo Santos da Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
- Companhia de Saneamento Ambiental do Maranhão; São Luis MA Brazil
| | - Denis Tadeu Rajh Vidal
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Claudimir Lucio do Lago
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Departamento de Química Fundamental; Instituto de Química; Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
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29
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Maijó I, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. DETERMINATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN RIVER WATER BY SWEEPING-MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CAPILLARY CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.629386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maijó
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Carme Aguilar
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
| | - Marta Calull
- a Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry , Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona , Spain
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