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Hussain A, Kausar T, Siddique T, Kabir K, An QU, Rukhsar F, Gorsi FI, Yaqub S, Kauser S, Rehman A, Najam A, Haroon H, Rafiu A, Korma SA, Mahdi AA. Physiological and biochemical variations of naturally ripened mango (Mangifera Indica L.) with synthetic calcium carbide and ethylene. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2121. [PMID: 38267498 PMCID: PMC10808196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the increasing consumer demands for fruits, the implementation of artificial ripening techniques using synthetic chemicals has become increasingly commonplace among less ethical fruit production companies in today's global market. The objective of present work was to establish a difference in the physiological and biochemical and profiles of naturally ripened mangoes vs. those ripened by application of synthetic calcium carbide and ethylene. The application of calcium carbide at 10 g/kg mangoes resulted early ripening in 2 days, with a 3-day shelf life, as compared with 5 and 6 days, for mangoes ripened by ethylene and naturally, respectively. Higher levels of calcium carbide reduced moisture, fiber, protein and carbohydrates content and increased the ash content of mangoes, as compared to higher levels of ethylene, whereas in naturally ripened mangoes the content percentages were 80.21, 3.57, 3.05 6.27 and 4.74, respectively. Artificial ripening resulted in significant loss of ascorbic, citric and malic acid, as values were recorded 35.94, 2.12 and 0.63 mg/g, respectively, in mangoes ripened with 10 g/kg of calcium carbide. However, in naturally ripened mangoes the amounts of these acids were recorded significantly (p < 0.05) high as 52.29, 3.76 and 1.37 mg/g, respectively. There was an increase in total soluble solids (TSS) and reducing sugars, and a decrease in titratable acidity in calcium carbide (10 g/kg) treated mangoes. Elemental analyses revealed high levels of minerals in naturally ripened mangoes, with significant values of iron (0.45 mg/100 g), zinc (0.24 mg/100 g) and copper (0.17 mg/100 g). The organoleptic quality of the fruit decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as a result of the use of calcium carbide. Although use of artificial ripening techniques provides speedy ripening of mangoes, there are obvious limitations. Consequently, natural ripening should be promoted in order to have safer and more nutritious mangoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiq Hussain
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan.
- Punjab Food Authority, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Tusneem Kausar
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Khurram Kabir
- Punjab Food Authority, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul An
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Rukhsar
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Iftikhar Gorsi
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Yaqub
- Punjab Food Authority, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Samina Kauser
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Najam
- Punjab Food Authority, Lahore, 54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Haroon
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Agbaje Rafiu
- Food Processing and Value Addition Programme, Centre for Agricultural Development and Sustainable Environment, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Amer Ali Mahdi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
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Tracing the geographical origin of Spanish mango (Mangifera indica L.) using stable isotopes ratios and multi-element profiles. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Rocha WFDC, do Prado CB, Blonder N. Comparison of Chemometric Problems in Food Analysis Using Non-Linear Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:E3025. [PMID: 32630676 PMCID: PMC7411792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food analysis is a challenging analytical problem, often addressed using sophisticated laboratory methods that produce large data sets. Linear and non-linear multivariate methods can be used to process these types of datasets and to answer questions such as whether product origin is accurately labeled or whether a product is safe to eat. In this review, we present the application of non-linear methods such as artificial neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing maps, and multi-layer artificial neural networks in the field of chemometrics related to food analysis. We discuss criteria to determine when non-linear methods are better suited for use instead of traditional methods. The principles of algorithms are described, and examples are presented for solving the problems of exploratory analysis, classification, and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werickson Fortunato de Carvalho Rocha
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Av. N. S. das Graças, 50, Xerém, Duque de Caxias 25250-020, RJ, Brazil; (W.F.C.R.); (C.B.d.P.)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8390 Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Charles Bezerra do Prado
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Av. N. S. das Graças, 50, Xerém, Duque de Caxias 25250-020, RJ, Brazil; (W.F.C.R.); (C.B.d.P.)
| | - Niksa Blonder
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8390 Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Cerrillos L, Fernández R, Machado MJ, Morillas I, Dahiri B, Paz S, Gonzalez-Weller D, Gutiérrez A, Rubio C, Hardisson A, Moreno I, Fernández-Palacín A. Placental levels of metals and associated factors in urban and sub-urban areas of Seville (Spain). J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 54:21-26. [PMID: 31109614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to metals among women, revealed their adverse effects on pregnancy. The fetus is exposed to these toxic elements only via the placenta which are able to accumulate there or cross it, compromising the protective functions of this organ. Numerous studies have shown associations between the prenatal exposition to some metals and an impact on cognitive, motor and intellectual development of the child. Sixty two placental samples were taken at delivery to determine the mineral content (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn) by ICP-OES. Among these metals, essential ones (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Zn) can have health beneficial effects at low levels however, in high concentration are potentially toxic. On the other hand, elements such as Al, Cd, Pb, are classified as toxic metals, no matter what its concentration is. The aim of this study is to find the potential relationships between these metals levels, newborn's parameters, pregnancy details and the epidemiologic information obtained using a questionnaire data from the participant pregnant women from Seville (Spain). The main maternal determinant of detectable placenta Cd levels was smoking during pregnancy. Other maternal factors that may affect placenta metal levels were gestational age (Al, B, Ba, and Pb) or dietary supplement (Fe). It has to be stressed that our results have to be interpreted with caution, because of the small study group and the low exposure levels, along with the lack of information on potential sources of exposure to these metals. The use of placenta samples obtained at delivery can be considered strength of this study since the concentration of some metals in placenta can indicate the extent of maternal exposure during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cerrillos
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - R Fernández
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M J Machado
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Morillas
- Department of Genetics, Reproduction and Fetal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - B Dahiri
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology and Legal Medicine. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna. Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Paz
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology and Legal Medicine. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna. Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - D Gonzalez-Weller
- Nutrition, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Gutiérrez
- Nutrition, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - C Rubio
- Nutrition, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Hardisson
- Nutrition, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - I Moreno
- Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology and Legal Medicine. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna. Campus de Ofra s/n, 38071 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - A Fernández-Palacín
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Avda. Dr. Fedriani, s/n, 41009, Sevilla, Spain
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Amer MM, Sabry BA, Marrez DA, Hathout AS, Fouzy ASM. Exposure assessment of heavy metal residues in some Egyptian fruits. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:538-543. [PMID: 31249787 PMCID: PMC6584767 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals Cu, and Ni were present in all fruit samples obtained from Egyptian governorates. Washing of grapes and peeling of orange samples greatly reduced the level of Cu and Ni. Estimated daily intake of the fruit samples were considered higher than that of the tolerable daily intake.
Heavy metals are considered a main public health hazards, they are known to accumulate in fruits, which are heavily consumed by humans because of their unique sweet taste and potential health benefits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the possible contamination levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in some selected fruits obtained from four Egyptian governorates and to compare the contamination levels with those of the recommended permissible limits. Results revealed that Pb and Cd were absent in all fruit samples, while Cr was only detected in grapes obtained from Cairo and Fayoum governorates and exceeded the maximum permissible limit (0.10 mg kg−1). Nickel and Cu were detected in all fruit samples. Nickel was reduced more than copper after washing process of grapes especially in samples obtained from Alexandria and Giza governorates. After peeling process, Cu was extremely reduced in orange samples obtained from the following governorates in descending order Cairo, Alexandria, El-Fayoum and Giza. Estimated daily intake of heavy metals in fruit samples were found to be higher than that of the tolerable daily intake, indicating potential risk to human health. Therefore, to decrease the risk to human health, fruits must be washed well before eating to decrease heavy metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- May M Amer
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassem A Sabry
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diaa A Marrez
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal S Hathout
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S M Fouzy
- Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Barbosa Gámez I, Caballero Montoya KP, Ledesma N, Sáyago Ayerdi SG, García Magaña MDL, Bishop von Wettberg EJ, Montalvo-González E. Changes in the nutritional quality of five Mangifera species harvested at two maturity stages. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4987-4994. [PMID: 28406526 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are 69 species of edible Mangifera recognized in Southeast Asia. Most of these species have not been characterized for nutritional properties. This paper describes the nutritional quality of the pulp of several Mangifera species - Mangifera casturi, Mangifera lalijiwa, Mangifera odorata, Mangifera zeylanica and two cultivars of Mangifera indica, 'Tommy-Kent' and 'Tommy Atkins' - at two maturity stages. RESULTS The results showed that nutritional quality varied with maturity stage and among species. The immature pulp of all species had higher content of total dietary fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E, total soluble polyphenols and antioxidant capacity. In mature pulp, the protein, ash, fat, soluble carbohydrate and B vitamin values were higher in all species. The species with the best nutritional quality were, in order from highest to lowest, M. casturi, M. odorata, M. zeylanica, M. indica cultivars and M. lalijiwa. CONCLUSION The fruit pulp of three species had higher nutritional quality at both maturity stages in comparison with M. indica cultivars. These other Mangifera species can be nutritionally important in communities facing food insecurity and have potential as emerging crops. The decline of these valuable species in their natural habitats is an increasing concern, and their nutritional properties justify greater efforts to protect them. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Barbosa Gámez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Karla P Caballero Montoya
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Noris Ledesma
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Kushlan Tropical Science Institute, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Sonia G Sáyago Ayerdi
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | | | - Eric J Bishop von Wettberg
- Department of Biological Sciences and International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Efigenia Montalvo-González
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
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Barea-Álvarez M, Delgado-Andrade C, Haro A, Olalla M, Seiquer I, Rufián-Henares JÁ. Subtropical fruits grown in Spain and elsewhere: A comparison of mineral profiles. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nutritional properties and phenolic content of a bakery product substituted with a mango (Mangifera indica) ‘Ataulfo’ processing by-product. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Wang Q, Liu J, Cheng S. Heavy metals in apple orchard soils and fruits and their health risks in Liaodong Peninsula, Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:4178. [PMID: 25433544 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the heavy metal concentrations in soils and fruits and their possible human health risk in apple orchards of Liaodong Peninsula-a well-known fruit-producing area of China. The soil pollution index (PI) and health risk assessment methods (daily intake of metals (DIM) and health risk index (HRI)) were employed to explore the soil pollution levels and the potential health hazards of heavy metals in fruits. The results showed that all orchard soils were with low PI values (PI ≤1) for Cd and Zn, while 2.78 and 5.56% of the soil samples exceeded the allowable levels of Cr and Cu for orchard soil, respectively. The Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations for the apple flesh samples were all lower than the national maximum permissible concentrations. While 6.34% of apple peel samples for Cd, 76.5% of apple peel samples and 65.6% of apple flesh samples for Cr, and 28.1% of apple peel samples for Zn exceeded the national maximum permissible levels, respectively. Furthermore, both the DIM and the HRI values for all the apple flesh samples were within the safe limits, indicating that no health risk was found for heavy metals in the fruits of the study area. In order to protect the consumers from fruits that might cause health risks, results from this study suggested that the regular survey of heavy metal pollution levels should be conducted for the orchards of Liaodong Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wet Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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Grembecka M, Szefer P. Comparative assessment of essential and heavy metals in fruits from different geographical origins. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:9139-60. [PMID: 23695079 PMCID: PMC3787803 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to estimate and compare essential and heavy metals contents in 98 commercially available fresh fruits from different geographic regions using multivariate techniques. The concentrations of 12 elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phophorus, cobalt (Co), manganese, iron, chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), zinc and copper) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry with deuterium-background correction. Phosphorus was determined in the form of phosphomolybdate by a spectrophotometric method. Reliability of the procedure was checked by analysis of the certified reference materials tea (NCS DC 73351), cabbage (IAEA-359) and spinach leaves (NIST-1570). Recoveries of the elements analysed varied between 85.5 and 103%, and precisions for the reference materials were 0.13-6.08%. Based on recommended dietary allowance and adequate intake estimated for essential elements, it was concluded that accessory fruits such as pineapples, raspberries and strawberries supply organism with the highest amounts of bioelements. Although accessory fruits were also found to be the greatest source of Ni among all the analysed fruits, in all the fruits Ni was more abundant than Cr and Co. Significant correlation coefficients (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) were found between concentrations of some metals in fresh fruits. Application of ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate techniques such as factor analysis and cluster analysis enabled us to differentiate particular botanical families and types of fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grembecka
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland,
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