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Chen H, Wang X, Lv M, She Y, Zhang Z, Cao X. Preparation of metal-organic framework @molecularly imprinted polymers for extracting N-nitrosamines in salted vegetables. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123942. [PMID: 38007915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the novel metal-organic framework @molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared and applied in extracting N-nitrosamines from salted vegetables. The imprinted polymers were coated on the surface of MIL-101 using multi-dummy template molecules (5-nonanol, benzhydrol and N-formylpyrrolidine). The characterization and adsorbing experiments showed that the hybrid imprinted polymers presented spherical particles with typically core-shell structure, and exhibited high adsorption capacity (maximum capacity: 46.85 mg/g) and fast equilibrium rate (only 5 min) for N-nitrosamines. Various parameters (sample loading solvent, pH, washing solvent, elution solvent and elution volume) affecting solid-phase extraction were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the solid-phase extraction process based on the hybrid polymers combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method was established and applied to analyze N-nitrosamines in different salted vegetables. The results showed that the developed method produced the linear relationship between the peak areas versus the N-nitrosamines concentrations of 0.2-10 µg/g with limit of detections from 20.6 to 76.1 ng/g. The spiked recovery of N-nitrosamines in the salted vegetable samples was in the range of 66-100.5 % with relative standard deviation from 0.1 to 3.4 %. Those results demonstrated that the established method was sensitive and efficient for directly enriching and analyzing trace N-nitrosamines in salted vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Meijin Lv
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China.
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2
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McDaniel TJ, Holtz JM, Bondzie EH, Overfelt M, Fedick PW, Mulligan CC. Rapid screening of high-priority N-nitrosamines in pharmaceutical, forensic, and environmental samples with paper spray ionization and filter cone spray ionization-mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37 Suppl 1:e9493. [PMID: 36775811 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The burgeoning concern of N-nitrosamine (NAM) contamination found in various pharmaceutical compositions has increased the demand for rapid and reliable screening methods to better assess the breadth of the problem. These carcinogenic compounds are also found in food, water, and soil, and they have been used in poison-related homicides. METHODS A combination of complementary, ambient ionization methods, paper spray ionization (PSI) and filter cone spray ionization (FCSI)-mass spectrometry (MS), was characterized towards trace-level residue screening of select NAMs (e.g., N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine) directly from complex and problematic matrices of interest, including prescription and over-the-counter tablets, drinking water, soil, and consumable goods. Spectral data for analyte confirmation and detection limit studies were collected using a Thermo LCQ Fleet ion trap mass spectrometer. RESULTS PSI-MS and FCSI-MS readily produced mass spectral data marked by their simplicity (e.g., predominantly protonated molecular ions observed) and congruence with traditional electrospray ionization mass spectra in under 2 min. per sample. Both methods proved robust to the complex matrices tested, yielding ion signatures for target NAMs, as well as active pharmaceutical ingredients for analyzed tablets, flavorants inherent to food products, etc. Low part-per-million detection limits were observed but were shown dependent on sample composition. CONCLUSIONS PSI-MS and FCSI-MS were successful in detecting trace-level NAMS in complex liquid- and solid-phase matrices with little to no prior preparation. This work suggests that these methodologies can provide a means for assessing problematic pharmaceutical adulterants/degradants for expedited quality control, as well as enhancing environmental stewardship efforts and forensic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica M Holtz
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | | | - Makoy Overfelt
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Patrick W Fedick
- Chemistry Division, Research Department, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division (NAWCWD), United States Navy Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR), China Lake, CA, USA
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3
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Shang Y, Meng X, Liu J, Song N, Zheng H, Han C, Ma Q. Applications of mass spectrometry in cosmetic analysis: An overview. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464175. [PMID: 37406420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a crucial tool in cosmetic analysis. It is widely used for ingredient screening, quality control, risk monitoring, authenticity verification, and efficacy evaluation. However, due to the diversity of cosmetic products and the rapid development of MS-based analytical methods, the relevant literature needs a more systematic collation of information on this subject to unravel the true potential of MS in cosmetic analysis. Herein, an overview of the role of MS in cosmetic analysis over the past two decades is presented. The currently used sample preparation methods, ionization techniques, and types of mass analyzers are demonstrated in detail. In addition, a brief perspective on the future development of MS for cosmetic analysis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Shang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xianshuang Meng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Naining Song
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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4
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Toma S, Omosebi A, Gao X, Abad K, Bhatnagar S, Qian D, Liu K, Thompson JG. Targeted electrochemical reduction of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines from emission control systems within CO 2 capture plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138915. [PMID: 37172623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
N-Nitrosamines are one of the environmentally significant byproducts from aqueous amine-based post-combustion carbon capture systems (CCS) due to their potential risk to human health. Safely mitigating nitrosamines before they are emitted from these CO2 capture systems is therefore a key concern before widescale deployment of CCS can be used to address worldwide decarbonization goals. Electrochemical decomposition is one viable route to neutralize these harmful compounds. The circulating emission control waterwash system, commonly installed at the end of the flue gas treatment trains to minimize amine solvent emissions, plays an important role to capture N-nitrosamines and control their emission into the environment. The waterwash solution is the last point where these compounds can be properly neutralized before becoming an environmental hazard. In this study, the decomposition mechanisms of N-nitrosamines in a simulated CCS waterwash with residual alkanolamines was investigated using several laboratory-scale electrolyzers utilizing carbon xerogel (CX) electrodes. H-cell experiments revealed that N-nitrosamines were decomposed through a reduction reaction and are converted into their corresponding secondary amines thereby neutralizing their environmental impact. Batch-cell experiments statistically examined the kinetic models of N-nitrosamine removal by a combined adsorption and decomposition processes. The cathodic reduction of the N-nitrosamines statistically obeyed the first-order reaction model. Finally, a prototype flow-through reactor using an authentic waterwash was used to successfully target and decompose N-nitrosamines to below the detectable level without degrading the amine solvent compounds allowing them to be return to the CCS and lower the system operating costs. The developed electrolyzer was able to efficiently remove greater than 98% of N-nitrosamines from the waterwash solution without producing any additional environmentally harmful compounds and offers an effective and safe route to mitigate these compounds from CO2 capture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shino Toma
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY, 40511, United States
| | - Ayokunle Omosebi
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY, 40511, United States
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 151 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Keemia Abad
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY, 40511, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 125 Chemistry/Physics Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Saloni Bhatnagar
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY, 40511, United States
| | - Dali Qian
- Electron Microscopy Center, College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, ASTeCC Building - A004, Lexington, KY, 40502, United States
| | - Kunlei Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 151 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States.
| | - Jesse G Thompson
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY, 40511, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 125 Chemistry/Physics Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States.
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5
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Schettino L, Benedé JL, Chisvert A. Determination of nine prohibited N-nitrosamines in cosmetic products by vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2963-2971. [PMID: 36756441 PMCID: PMC9850448 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of nine prohibited N-nitrosamines in cosmetic products is presented. N-nitrosamines are banned compounds in cosmetic products due to their harmful effects. Therefore, these compounds are not intentionally added to these products but, however, small amounts of them may be present due to unintentional causes, and thus sensitive methods for their analytical control are required. The proposed method is based on vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-DLLME) to extract and preconcentrate the analytes, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for their determination. The variables involved in the VA-DLLME process were optimized by using a Box-Behnken design and, due to the different polarity of the N-nitrosamines studied, several approaches for sample treatment were compared to achieve the best results. The method was successfully validated, showing a good linearity at least up to 20 ng mL-1, enrichment factors from 2 to 100 depending on the target analyte, limits of detection and quantification at the low μg kg-1 level, and good repeatability values (<13%). Finally, the proposed analytical method was applied to the determination of N-nitrosamines in commercial cosmetic samples of different nature, avoiding the matrix effect by means of standard addition calibration. Significant amounts of some of the N-nitrosamines, even exceeding the established regulatory limit, were found in the samples. The resulting method is fast, simple, and affordable to carry out the quality control of cosmetic products to ensure consumer safety for most laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Schettino
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Juan L. Benedé
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia46100 BurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- GICAPC Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia 46100 Burjassot Valencia Spain
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Chang SH, Ho HY, Chang CC, Zang CZ, Hsu YH, Lin MC, Tseng SH, Wang DY. Evaluation and optimization of a HS-SPME-assisted GC-MS/MS method for monitoring nitrosamine impurities in diverse pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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7
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Zhou H, Huang Q, Wu X, Zhan B, Chen D, Lei M, Zhang H. Rapid and selective determination of 9 nitrosamines in biological samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2249-2254. [PMID: 35670188 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive, selective and convenient method for the simultaneous determination of 9 nitrosamines (NAs) in biological samples was developed using isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP-MS). Multiple reaction monitoring-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (MRM-IDA-EPI) scan mode was performed to eliminate false positive results, and the whole detection procedure was characterized by less time consuming and simple sample preparation. 9 NAs were separated through a T3 column with the gradient elution of acetonitrile and water, and detected by UPLC-QTRAP-MS with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source in the positive mode. The quantitative analysis was carried out via the isotope internal standard method with a matrix calibration curve. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity for the 9 NAs was achieved in the range of 0.2-20 μg L-1 with correlation coefficients (r) higher than ≥0.9991, and the limits of detection and limits of quantitation were 0.02-0.1 μg L-1 (S/N = 3) and 0.06-0.3 μg L-1 (S/N = 10), respectively. Satisfactory recoveries ranging from 79.4% to 108.0% were obtained, and the precision of the proposed method, indicated by the relative standard deviations (RSDs), was 2.3-12.9%. The matrix effect study showed that NDMA, NMOR and NMEA presented a matrix suppression effect, NDPHA displayed a matrix enhancement effect, and the matrix effects of the other 5 analytes could be ignored. Real application of the developed method in 13 urine and 24 plasma samples demonstrated that NDBA, NPIP and NPYR occurred in both urine and plasma samples with the concentration of 0.038-0.60 μg L-1, while other NAs were not detected. Such a method was sensitive and selective, and could be applied to the rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of the 9 NAs in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhou
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xianglun Wu
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Bindong Zhan
- Quzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China.
| | - Meikang Lei
- The Comprehensive Technology and Service Center of Quzhou Customs, Quzhou 324003, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410005, China.
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Vazquez L, Celeiro M, Castiñeira-Landeira A, Dagnac T, Llompart M. Development of a solid phase microextraction gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methodology for the analysis of sixty personal care products in hydroalcoholic gels ˗ hand sanitizers ˗ in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1203:339650. [PMID: 35361419 PMCID: PMC8902396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lua Vazquez
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Celeiro
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Castiñeira-Landeira
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Galician Agency for Food Quality - Agronomic Research Centre (AGACAL-CIAM) - Unit of Organic Contaminants, Apartado 10, E-15080, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria Llompart
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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9
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Behl T, Rachamalla M, Najda A, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Chigurupati S, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Hobani YH, Mohan S, Goyal A, Katyal T, Solarska E, Bungau S. Applications of Adductomics in Chemically Induced Adverse Outcomes and Major Emphasis on DNA Adductomics: A Pathbreaking Tool in Biomedical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10141. [PMID: 34576304 PMCID: PMC8467560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adductomics novel and emerging discipline in the toxicological research emphasizes on adducts formed by reactive chemical agents with biological molecules in living organisms. Development in analytical methods propelled the application and utility of adductomics in interdisciplinary sciences. This review endeavors to add a new dimension where comprehensive insights into diverse applications of adductomics in addressing some of society's pressing challenges are provided. Also focuses on diverse applications of adductomics include: forecasting risk of chronic diseases triggered by reactive agents and predicting carcinogenesis induced by tobacco smoking; assessing chemical agents' toxicity and supplementing genotoxicity studies; designing personalized medication and precision treatment in cancer chemotherapy; appraising environmental quality or extent of pollution using biological systems; crafting tools and techniques for diagnosis of diseases and detecting food contaminants; furnishing exposure profile of the individual to electrophiles; and assisting regulatory agencies in risk assessment of reactive chemical agents. Characterizing adducts that are present in extremely low concentrations is an exigent task and more over absence of dedicated database to identify adducts is further exacerbating the problem of adduct diagnosis. In addition, there is scope of improvement in sample preparation methods and data processing software and algorithms for accurate assessment of adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; (T.B.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada;
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; (T.B.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; (T.B.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India; (T.B.); (A.S.); (S.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 33, Oman; (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Centro Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bacteriología Alimentaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15001, Peru;
- E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima 15001, Peru
| | - Yahya Hasan Hobani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amit Goyal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana 141104, India;
| | - Taruna Katyal
- RBMCH Division, ICMR Head Quarters, Ramalingaswami Bhawan, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Ewa Solarska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Street, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
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10
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Mustapha S, Jimoh T, Ndamitso M, Abdulkareem SA, Taye SD, Mohammed AK, Amigun AT. The Occurrence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Swimming Pools: An Overview. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2021; 15:11786302211036520. [PMID: 34376989 PMCID: PMC8335839 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211036520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of several disinfectant byproducts has been investigated in swimming pools. Until now, there are only a few studies on nitrosamine, particularly N-nitrosodimethylamine in swimming pool water. This could be due to the lack of a suitable method that is sensitive enough for the measurement of N-nitrosodimethylamine in pool waters. Other disinfectant byproducts formed in pool water widely documented are trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, halonitromethanes, and chloramines but inadequate information on N-nitrosodimethylamine. This paper provides a review of the nitrogenous disinfectant byproduct in swimming pools and its health implications. Anthropogenic substances introduced by swimmers such as sweat, lotions, and urine contribute to the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of secondary amines such as dimethylamine with mono/dichloroamines produced dimethyl hydrazine and further undergo oxidation to form N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of chlorine and other disinfectants with these anthropogenic sources in swimming pools cause cancer and asthma in human tissues. Thus, the assessment of N-nitrosodimethylamine in the swimming pool is less well documented. Therefore, the health consequences, mutagenic, and genotoxic potentials of N-nitrosodimethylamine should be the focus of more research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Mustapha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger, Nigeria
| | - Tijani Jimoh
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger, Nigeria
| | - Muhammed Ndamitso
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger, Nigeria
| | - Saka Ambali Abdulkareem
- Nanotechnology Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger, Nigeria
| | - Shuaib Damola Taye
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abdul Kabir Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Azeezah Taiwo Amigun
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Giménez-Campillo C, Pastor-Belda M, Campillo N, Hernández-Córdoba M, Viñas P. Development of a new methodology for the determination of N-nitrosamines impurities in ranitidine pharmaceuticals using microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2021; 223:121659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Alshehri YM, Alghamdi TS, Aldawsari FS. HS-SPME-GC-MS as an alternative method for NDMA analysis in ranitidine products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography for analysis of microbial contaminated cosmetic creams. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Bian Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Feng XS. Progress in the pretreatment and analysis of N-nitrosamines: an update since 2010. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3626-3660. [PMID: 32776791 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1803790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As highly toxic substances, N-nitrosamines (NAs) have been proved to cause carcinogenesis and mutagenesis in humans. Therefore, to carefully monitor safety and preserve human health, the development of rapid, accurate, and high-sensitivity determination methods of NAs is of substantial importance. This review provides a current-status comprehensive summary of the pretreatment and determination methods of NAs in various samples since 2010. Common pretreatment methods that have been used to extract and purify targets include solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction and various microextraction methods, such as solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction, among others. Determination methods include liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and electrochemical methods, among others. In addition, we discuss and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment and analytical methods and examine the prospects in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Rapid determination of nine N-nitrosamines in dry-cured mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) using salting out homogeneous phase extraction with acetonitrile followed by GC-MS/MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Majumdar S, Thakur D, Chowdhury D. DNA Carbon-Nanodots based Electrochemical Biosensor for Detection of Mutagenic Nitrosamines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1796-1803. [PMID: 35021669 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenic and Carcinogenic substances are a threat to any living organism, and its detection is of paramount importance. In this work, we fabricate for the first time a DNA-carbon dots based electrochemical biosensor for sensitive and selective detection of mutagenic nitrosamines like N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDEA). At first, on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), chitosan carbon dot was deposited, then, DNA was electro-statically immobilizing on the surface of carbon dots to fabricate the sensing electrode (DNA/chiCD/GCE modified electrode). In the presence of NDMA and NDEA, in differential pulse voltammetry technique, the absolute peak current increases, and thus it can detect NDMA and NDEA. The system DNA/chiCD/GCE modified electrode is highly selective and sensitive toward NDMA and NDEA. The detection limit was determined to be 9.9 × 10-9 M and 9.6 × 10-9 M, respectively. The possible reason for DNA/chiCD/GCE modified electrode showing such electrochemical selectivity toward nitrosamines is investigated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sristi Majumdar
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Debajit Thakur
- Life Sciences Division Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Devasish Chowdhury
- Material Nanochemistry Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati 781035, India
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17
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Yahaya A, Babatunde D, Olaniyan LW, Agboola O. Application of chromatographic techniques in the analysis of total nitrosamines in water. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03447. [PMID: 32154411 PMCID: PMC7056657 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of ozone, chloramine and chlorine dioxide for water treatment results in the formation N-nitrosamines in the treated water. These groups of chemicals and other nitrogen-containing compounds have been described as disinfection by-products (DBPs) which are known for their toxicity. Nitrosamines are a potential source of nitric oxide (NO) which can bind with metals present in the sample matrix leading to formation of metal - nitrosyl complexes and dissolved metals have the potential to increase the total nitrosamines in water. This phenomenon has not received the desired attention and determination of metal-nitrosyl complexes lack standard analytical technique. Chromatography linked to various detectors is the commonest of the techniques for nitrosamine analysis but it is beset with reduced sensitivity as a result of inappropriate choice of the column. Incidentally, chromatographic techniques have not been really adapted for the analysis of metal-nitrosyl complexes. Therefore, there is need for the survey of existing techniques vis-à-vis metal-nitrosamine analysis and to suggest possible areas for method optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrazaq Yahaya
- Department of Chemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
- Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Science, Faculty of Science, Arcadia Campus, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Lamidi W.B. Olaniyan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Oluranti Agboola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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18
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Alhooshani K. Determination of nitrosamines in skin care cosmetics using Ce-SBA-15 based stir bar-supported micro-solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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19
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Xian Y, Wu Y, Dong H, Liang M, Wang B, Wang L, Bai W, Zeng X, Qian M, Zhao X. Ice-bath assisted sodium hydroxide purification coupled with GC–MS/MS analysis for simultaneous quantification of ethyl carbamate and 12 N-nitrosoamines in yellow rice wine and beer. Food Chem 2019; 300:125200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Miralles P, van Gemert I, Chisvert A, Salvador A. Stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction mediated by magnetic nanoparticles-metal organic framework composite: Determination of N-nitrosamines in cosmetic products. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1604:460465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Costa R, Albergamo A, Arrigo S, Gentile F, Dugo G. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography applied to the characterization of lemon wax, a waste product from citrus industry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:262-268. [PMID: 31257037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel application of SPME-GC and UHPLC is presented for the elucidation of an unexplored citrus by-product, namely lemon wax. In view of the current environmental protection strategies, directed toward reuse and/or recovery of waste products, this study aimed to evaluate a possible utilization of a discarded fraction from citrus fruits processing. Headspace SPME coupled with GC-MS and GC-FID allowed determining a residual amount (162.25 mg kg-1) of lemon volatiles, by means of accurate calibration of 38 terpenoids through linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.99). SPME method development, was supported by statistical analysis, consisting of experimental design and multisample comparison, where parameters such as type of coating, temperature and time of fiber exposure, were manipulated towards optimization. The optimized method was validated, showing limits of quantification (LOQ) and of detection (LOD) in the ranges 0.24 - 2.65 ng g-1 and 0.11 - 0.87 ng g-1, respectively; recoveries ranged from 84.9% to 111.5%. After optimization and validation, the UHPLC-PDA method revealed the presence in lemon wax samples of six coumarins, the most abundant being bergamottin (964 mg kg-1), followed, in decreasing amount, by citropten, 8-geranyloxypsoralen, biacangelicin, oxypeucedanin, 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin; each analyte was calibrated by external standard methodology. Sensitivity (LOD, 31 - 112 ng g-1; LOQ, 102-370 ng⋅ g-1), accuracy (recovery, 81-94%), and precision (Retention time RSD, 0.03 - 0.09%; peak area RSD, 1.03-2.92%), were also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Science4Life s.r.l., a spin-off of the University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, ex Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Science4Life s.r.l., a spin-off of the University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, ex Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Gentile
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria - Olivicultura, Frutticultura Agrumicultura (CREA-OFA), Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Giacomo Dugo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; Science4Life s.r.l., a spin-off of the University of Messina, Polo Annunziata, ex Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Messina, Italy
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22
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NDMA impurity in valsartan and other pharmaceutical products: Analytical methods for the determination of N-nitrosamines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:536-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Determination of N-nitrosamines in Water by Automated Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Miralles P, Chisvert A, Salvador A. Determination of N
-nitrosamines in cosmetic products by vortex-assisted reversed-phase dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3143-3151. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Miralles
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Valencia; Burjassot Spain
| | - Amparo Salvador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Valencia; Burjassot Spain
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25
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Lim DS, Roh TH, Kim MK, Kwon YC, Choi SM, Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Yoon S, Kim HS, Lee BM. Risk assessment of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) in cosmetics. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:465-480. [PMID: 29694274 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1460782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines and their precursors found in cosmetics may be carcinogenic in humans. Thus the aim of this study was to carry out risk assessment for N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodiethanolamine [NDELA], N-nitrosodiethylamine [NDEA]) and amines (triethanolamine [TEA], diethanolamine [DEA]) levels in cosmetics determined using validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedures. NDELA and NDEA concentrations were present at levels of "not detected" (N.D.) to 596.5 μg/kg and N.D. to 40.9 μg/kg, respectively. TEA and DEA concentrations ranged from N.D. to 860 μg/kg and N.D. to 26.22 μg/kg, respectively. The nitrite concentration (3-2250 mg/l), number of nitrosating agents to a maximum 5, and pH (3.93-10.09) were also assessed. The impact of N-nitrosamine formation on the levels of TEA, DEA, nitrite, and other nitrosating agents was also examined. N-nitrosamine concentrations correlated with the number of nitrosating agents and nitrite concentrations. Data demonstrated that higher nitrite concentrations and a greater number of nitrosating agents increased NDELA and NDEA yields. Further, the presence of TEA and DEA exerted a significant influence on N-nitrosamine formation. Risk assessments, including the margin of exposure (MOE) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for N-nitrosamines and margin of safety (MOS) for amines, were calculated using product type, use pattern, and concentrations. Exposure to maximum amounts of NDELA and NDEA resulted in MOE > 10,000 (based upon the benchmark dose lower confidence limit 10%) and LCR <1 × 10-5, respectively. In addition, TEA and DEA concentrations in cosmetic samples resulted in MOS values >100. Therefore, no apparent safety concerns were associated with cosmetic products containing NDELA, NDEA, TEA, and DEA in this study. However, since amines and nitrosating agents produce carcinogenic nitrosamines, their use in cosmetics needs to be minimized to levels as low as technically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Soo Lim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Roh
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Min Kook Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Yong Chan Kwon
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Seul Min Choi
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Kwack
- b Department of Biochemistry and Health Science, College of Natural Sciences , Changwon National University , Changwon , Gyeongnam , South Korea
| | - Kyu Bong Kim
- c College of Pharmacy , Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
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26
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Lim DS, Lim SK, Kim MK, Kwon YC, Roh TH, Choi SM, Yoon S, Kim HS, Lee BM. Formation and inhibition of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cosmetics under pH, temperature, and fluorescent, ultraviolet, and visual light. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:241-253. [PMID: 29473797 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1440172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), a type of nitrosamine, is a possible human carcinogen that may form in cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to examine the formation and inhibition of NDELA through chemical reactions of secondary amines including mono-ethanolamine, di-ethanolamine (DEA), and tri-ethanolamine (TEA), and sodium nitrite (SN) under varying conditions such as pH, temperature, and fluorescent, ultraviolet (UV), and visual light (VIS) using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. In a mixture of TEA and SN under acidic conditions pH 2, residual NDELA concentrations rose significantly under various storage conditions in the following order: 50°C > 40°C > UV (2 W/m2) > VIS (4000 lux) > fluorescent light > 25°C > 10°C. In a mixture of DEA and SN under the same acidic pH 2 conditions, NDELA formation was significantly elevated in the following order: UV (2 W/m2) > VIS (4000 lux) > 50°C > 40°C > fluorescent light > 25°C > 10°C. Inhibition of NDELA formation by d-mannitol, vitamin C (Vit C), or vitamin E (Vit E) was determined under varying conditions of pH, temperature, and fluorescent, UV, and VIS. At high concentrations of 100 or 1000 µg/ml, Vit E significantly decreased residual NDELA compared with control levels under acidic pH 2, but not under basic pH 6. Among various antioxidants, Vit E reacted more effectively with many nitrosating agents such as nitrate and nitrite found in cosmetic products. Therefore, to reduce NDELA, it is recommended that cosmetics be stored under cool/amber conditions and that Vit E or Vit C inhibitors of nitrosation be optimally added to cosmetic formulations at concentrations between 100 and 1000 µg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck Soo Lim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Seung Kwang Lim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Min Kook Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Yong Chan Kwon
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Roh
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Seul Min Choi
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Sungpil Yoon
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
| | - Byung-Mu Lee
- a Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , South Korea
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27
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Huang Y, Ma Y, Hu H, Guo P, Miao L, Yang Y, Zhang M. Rapid and sensitive detection of trace malachite green and its metabolite in aquatic products using molecularly imprinted polymer-coated wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer-coated wooden-tip (MIPCWT) electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) method was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of trace malachite green (MG) and its metabolite in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Huang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528000
- China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou)
- Guangzhou 510070
- China
| | - Huawen Hu
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528000
- China
| | - Pengran Guo
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou)
- Guangzhou 510070
- China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528000
- China
| | - Yunyun Yang
- Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Ambient Mass Spectrometry
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals
- Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center Guangzhou)
- Guangzhou 510070
- China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan 528000
- China
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28
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Zhong Z, Li G. Current trends in sample preparation for cosmetic analysis. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:152-169. [PMID: 27333942 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The widespread applications of cosmetics in modern life make their analysis particularly important from a safety point of view. There is a wide variety of restricted ingredients and prohibited substances that primarily influence the safety of cosmetics. Sample preparation for cosmetic analysis is a crucial step as the complex matrices may seriously interfere with the determination of target analytes. In this review, some new developments (2010-2016) in sample preparation techniques for cosmetic analysis, including liquid-phase microextraction, solid-phase microextraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, pressurized liquid extraction, cloud point extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave digestion, are presented. Furthermore, the research and progress in sample preparation techniques and their applications in the separation and purification of allowed ingredients and prohibited substances are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Jeon SH, Shin JH, Kim YP, Ahn YG. Determination of volatile alkylpyrazines in microbial samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with head space-solid phase microextraction. J Anal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-016-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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