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Che H, Wang Z, Li Y, Nie Y, Tian X. A Stable and Sensitive Engineering Bacterial Sensor via Physical Biocontainment and Two-Stage Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8807-8813. [PMID: 38714342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Although engineering bacterial sensors have outstanding advantages in reflecting the actual bioavailability and continuous monitoring of pollutants, the potential escape risk of engineering microorganisms and lower detection sensitivity have always been one of the biggest challenges limiting their wider application. In this study, a core-shell hydrogel bead with functionalized silica as the core and alginate-polyacrylamide as the shell have been developed not only to realize zero escape of engineered bacteria but also to maintain cell activity in harsh environments, such as extremely acidic/alkaline pH, high salt concentration, and strong pressure. Particularly, after combining the selective preconcentration toward pollutants by functionalized core and the positive feedback signal amplification of engineering bacteria, biosensors have realized two-stage signal amplification, significantly improving the detection sensitivity and reducing the detection limit. In addition, this strategy was actually applied to the detection of As(III) and As(V) coexisting in environmental samples, and the detection sensitivity was increased by 3.23 and 4.39 times compared to sensors without signal amplification strategy, respectively, and the detection limits were as low as 0.39 and 0.86 ppb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachao Che
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu Hawai'i 96822, United States
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822, United States
| | - Yong Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yulun Nie
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xike Tian
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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2
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Alavi SE, Alharthi S, Alavi SF, Alavi SZ, Zahra GE, Raza A, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H. Microfluidics for personalized drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103936. [PMID: 38428803 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights the transformative impact of microfluidic technology on personalized drug delivery. Microfluidics addresses issues in traditional drug synthesis, providing precise control and scalability in nanoparticle fabrication, and microfluidic platforms show high potential for versatility, offering patient-specific dosing and real-time monitoring capabilities, all integrated into wearable technology. Covalent conjugation of antibodies to nanoparticles improves bioactivity, driving innovations in drug targeting. The integration of microfluidics with sensor technologies and artificial intelligence facilitates real-time feedback and autonomous adaptation in drug delivery systems. Key challenges, such as droplet polydispersity and fluidic handling, along with future directions focusing on scalability and reliability, are essential considerations in advancing microfluidics for personalized drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ebrahim Alavi
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4215, Australia.
| | - Sitah Alharthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Alavi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Seyed Zeinab Alavi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7718175911, Iran
| | - Gull E Zahra
- Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hasan Ebrahimi Shahmabadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7718175911, Iran.
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3
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Quan Z, Ohmiya Y, Liu YJ. Chemical Mechanism of Fireworm Bioluminescence - A Theoretical Proposition. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10851-10859. [PMID: 38103213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Odontosyllis undecimdonta is a marine worm, commonly known as a fireworm, that exhibits bluish-green bioluminescence (BL). The luciferin (L) and oxyluciferin (OL) during fireworm BL have been experimentally identified in vitro. The L and OL are the respective starting point and ending point of a series of complicated chemical reactions in the BL. However, the chemical mechanism of the fireworm BL remains largely unknown. Before the experiments provided strong evidence for the mechanism, based on our previously successful studies on several bioluminescent systems, we theoretically proposed the chemical mechanism of the fireworm BL in this article. By means of the spin-flip and time-dependent density functional calculations, we clearly described the complete process from L to OL: under the catalysis of luciferase, L undergoes deprotonation and reacts with 3O2 to form a dioxetanone anion via the single-electron transfer mechanism; the dioxetanone anion decomposes into the OL at the first singlet excited state (S1) by the gradually reversible charge-transfer-induced luminescence mechanism; and the S1-OL emits light and deexcites to OL in the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Quan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- Osaka Institute of Technology (OIT), 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
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4
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Madej-Kiełbik L, Gzyra-Jagieła K, Jóźwik-Pruska J, Dziuba R, Bednarowicz A. Biopolymer Composites with Sensors for Environmental and Medical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7493. [PMID: 36363084 PMCID: PMC9659006 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest economic and environmental sustainability problems is the over-reliance on petroleum chemicals in polymer production. This paper presents an overview of the current state of knowledge on biopolymers combined with biosensors in terms of properties, compounding methods and applications, with a focus on medical and environmental aspects. Therefore, this article is devoted to environmentally friendly polymer materials. The paper presents an overview of the current state of knowledge on biopolymers combined with biosensors in terms of properties, compounding methods and applications, with a special focus on medical and environmental aspects. The paper presents the current state of knowledge, as well as prospects. The article shows that biopolymers made from renewable raw materials are of great interest in various fields of science and industry. These materials not only replace existing polymers in many applications, but also provide new combinations of properties for new applications. Composite materials based on biopolymers are considered superior to traditional non-biodegradable materials due to their ability to degrade when exposed to environmental factors. The paper highlights the combination of polymers with nanomaterials which allows the preparation of chemical sensors, thus enabling their use in environmental or medical applications due to their biocompatibility and sensitivity. This review focuses on analyzing the state of research in the field of biopolymer-sensor composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longina Madej-Kiełbik
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Gzyra-Jagieła
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jagoda Jóźwik-Pruska
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Dziuba
- Department of World Economy and European Integration, University of Lodz, 41/43 Rewolucji 1905 Str., 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Bednarowicz
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Lodz Institute of Technology, 19/27 M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str., 90-570 Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
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5
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Zhu Y, Elcin E, Jiang M, Li B, Wang H, Zhang X, Wang Z. Use of whole-cell bioreporters to assess bioavailability of contaminants in aquatic systems. Front Chem 2022; 10:1018124. [PMID: 36247665 PMCID: PMC9561917 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1018124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Water contamination has become increasingly a critical global environmental issue that threatens human and ecosystems’ health. Monitoring and risk assessment of toxic pollutants in water bodies is essential to identifying water pollution treatment needs. Compared with the traditional monitoring approaches, environmental biosensing via whole-cell bioreporters (WCBs) has exhibited excellent capabilities for detecting bioavailability of multiple pollutants by providing a fast, simple, versatile and economical way for environmental risk assessment. The performance of WCBs is determined by its elements of construction, such as host strain, regulatory and reporter genes, as well as experimental conditions. Previously, numerous studies have focused on the design and construction of WCB rather than improving the detection process and commercialization of this technology. For investigators working in the environmental field, WCB can be used to detect pollutants is more important than how they are constructed. This work provides a review of the development of WCBs and a brief introduction to genetic construction strategies and aims to summarize key studies on the application of WCB technology in detection of water contaminants, including organic pollutants and heavy metals. In addition, the current status of commercialization of WCBs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Evrim Elcin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Division of Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Mengyuan Jiang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Boling Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaokai Zhang,
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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6
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Ashun E, Kang W, Thapa BS, Gurung A, Rahimnejad M, Jang M, Jeon BH, Kim JR, Oh SE. A novel gas production bioassay of thiosulfate utilizing denitrifying bacteria (TUDB) for the toxicity assessment of heavy metals contaminated water. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134902. [PMID: 35561773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study reports for the first-time the possibility of deploying gas production by thiosulfate utilizing denitrifying bacteria (TUDB) as a proxy to evaluate water toxicity. The test relies on gas production by TUDB due to inhibited metabolic activity in the presence of toxicants. Gas production was measured using a bubble-type respirometer. Optimization studies indicated that 300 mg NO3--N/L, 0.5 mL acclimated culture, and 2100 mg S2O32-/L were the ideal conditions facilitating the necessary volume of gas production for sensitive data generation. Determined EC50 values of the selected heavy metals were: Cr6+, 0.51 mg/L; Ag+, 2.90 mg/L; Cu2+, 2.90 mg/L; Ni2+, 3.60 mg/L; As3+, 4.10 mg/L; Cd2+, 5.56 mg/L; Hg2+, 8.06 mg/L; and Pb2+, 19.3 mg/L. The advantages of this method include operational simplicity through the elimination of cumbersome preprocessing procedures which are used to eliminate interferences caused by turbidity when the toxicity of turbid samples is determined via spectrophotometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Ashun
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochang Kang
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhim Sen Thapa
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Anup Gurung
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Mostafa Rahimnejad
- Biofuel and Renewable Energy Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busandeahak-ro, Geumjeong-Gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 192-1 Hyoja-dong, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Harpaz D, Veltman B, Katz D, Eltzov E. Whole-cell bacterial biosensor with the capability to detect red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, in date palm trees, Phoenix dactylifera: a proof of concept study. J Biotechnol 2022; 357:47-55. [PMID: 35963593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is considered a severe pest of palms. Usually, the early stages of infection are without visible signs. An attractive early sensing approach of non-visible infections is based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, a whole-cell bacterial biosensor was used for the identification of RPW in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). The cells are genetically modified to produce light in the presence of general stresses. The bioluminescent bacterial panel is based on three genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains that are sensitive to cytotoxicity (TV1061), genotoxicity (DPD2794), or quorum-sensing (K802NR). The bioluminescent bacterial panel detects the presence of VOCs and a change in the light signal is then generated, reflecting the health status of the date palm tree. The bioreporter bacteria cells are immobilized in calcium alginate tablets and placed in a sealed jar without direct contact with the tested sample, thereby exposing them only to the VOCs in the surrounding air. The immobilized bacteria cells were exposed to the air near infected by RPW or uninfected sugar canes, date palm tree pieces, and on date palm trees. Commercial plate reader was used for signal measurement. The findings show that quorum-sensing was induced by all the tested samples of infected sugar canes, date palm tree pieces, and date palm trees. While, cytotoxicity was induced only by infected date palm tree pieces, and genotoxicity was induced only by infected date palm trees. The bacterial monitoring results enable the identification of specific signatures that will allow a quick and accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Boris Veltman
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Daniel Katz
- Eden Farm, Agricultural R&D center, Emek HaMa'ayanot Regional Council, Beit Shean Valley 171000, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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8
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Recent advances of three-dimensional micro-environmental constructions on cell-based biosensors and perspectives in food safety. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Xie Y, Dai L, Yang Y. Microfluidic technology and its application in the point-of-care testing field. BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS: X 2022; 10:100109. [PMID: 35075447 PMCID: PMC8769924 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), countries around the world have suffered heavy losses of life and property. The global pandemic poses a challenge to the global public health system, and public health organizations around the world are actively looking for ways to quickly and efficiently screen for viruses. Point-of-care testing (POCT), as a fast, portable, and instant detection method, is of great significance in infectious disease detection, disease screening, pre-disease prevention, postoperative treatment, and other fields. Microfluidic technology is a comprehensive technology that involves various interdisciplinary disciplines. It is also known as a lab-on-a-chip (LOC), and can concentrate biological and chemical experiments in traditional laboratories on a chip of several square centimeters with high integration. Therefore, microfluidic devices have become the primary implementation platform of POCT technology. POCT devices based on microfluidic technology combine the advantages of both POCT and microfluids, and are expected to shine in the biomedical field. This review introduces microfluidic technology and its applications in combination with other technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xie
- Sansure Biotech Inc., Changsha, 410205, PR China
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Lizhong Dai
- Sansure Biotech Inc., Changsha, 410205, PR China
| | - Yijia Yang
- Sansure Biotech Inc., Changsha, 410205, PR China
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10
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Rathnayake IVN, Munagamage T, Pathirathne A, Megharaj M. Whole cell microalgal-cyanobacterial array biosensor for monitoring Cd, Cr and Zn in aquatic systems. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:1579-1593. [PMID: 34662298 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailable content of metals in aquatic systems has become critical in assessing the toxic effect of metals accumulating in the environment. Considering the need for rapid measurements, an optical microalgal-cyanobacterial array biosensor was developed using two strains of microalgae, Mesotaenium sp. and a strain of cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. to detect Cd2+, Cr6+ and Zn2+ in aquatic systems. Microalgal and cyanobacterial cells were immobilized in a 96-well microplate using sol-gel method using silica. Optimum operational conditions for the biosensor array such as exposure time, storage stability, pH, and multiple metal effect were tested. A 10 min exposure time yielded optimum fluorescence values. Metal toxicity increased with decreasing pH, resulting in low relative fluorescence (%) and decreased with increasing pH, resulting in higher relative fluorescence (%). The optimum storage time for biosensor strains were 4 weeks for microalgal cultures and 8 weeks for cyanobacterial culture, at 4 °C storage temperature. The metal mixtures showed less effect on the inhibition of relative fluorescence (%) of microalgal/cyanobacterial cultures, displaying an antagonistic behavior among the metals tested. As a single unit, this photosynthetic array biosensor will be a valuable tool in detecting multi-metals in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V N Rathnayake
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ 11600, Sri Lanka E-mail:
| | - Thilini Munagamage
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ 11600, Sri Lanka E-mail:
| | - A Pathirathne
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, GQ 11600, Sri Lanka
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, School of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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11
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Axelrod T, Eltzov E, Lerman M, Harpaz D, Marks RS. Cigarette smoke toxicity modes of action estimated by a bioluminescent bioreporter bacterial panel. Talanta 2021; 226:122076. [PMID: 33676644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is considered to be a risk factor for several chronic diseases and even premature death. However, despite the importance of this detrimental habit, little seems known in terms of the overall toxicity potential of its ingredients in humans. In this study, a panel of genetically modified bioluminescent bioreporter bacteria was used to evaluate its usefulness in estimating the cigarette smoke's complex molecular mixture on a bacterial toxicity-bioreporter panel, both filtered or unfiltered. This work enabled to confirm the usefulness of cigarette filters, with better protection found in higher priced brands despite both having genotoxic and cytotoxic attributes. Quorum sensing interference was also shown, which may explain why cigarette smokers are at greater risk for pulmonary infections. Moreover, the findings of this study support the fact that the filter is a dominating contributor to reducing the harm caused by cigarette smoke. Increased efforts should be conducted to reduce the harmful effects of cigarette smoke, via increasingly effective filters. To conclude, the panel of bioreporter bacteria was found to be useful in the evaluation of the general effect of the toxic mixture found in cigarette smoke and therefore has the potential to be used in cigarette research, helping researchers pinpoint the reduction of toxicity when working with filter improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Axelrod
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Merav Lerman
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel; Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 761001, Israel
| | - Robert S Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel; The Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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12
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Gall JL, Vasilijević S, Battaglini N, Mattana G, Noël V, Brayner R, Piro B. Algae-functionalized hydrogel-gated organic field-effect transistor. Application to the detection of herbicides. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Jia XX, Li S, Han DP, Chen RP, Yao ZY, Ning BA, Gao ZX, Fan ZC. Development and perspectives of rapid detection technology in food and environment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4706-4725. [PMID: 33523717 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1878101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Food safety become a hot issue currently with globalization of food trade and food supply chains. Chemical pollution, microbial contamination and adulteration in food have attracted more attention worldwide. Contamination with antibiotics, estrogens and heavy metals in water environment and soil environment have also turn into an enormous threat to food safety. Traditional small-scale, long-term detection technologies have been unable to meet the current needs. In the monitoring process, rapid, convenient, accurate analysis and detection technologies have become the future development trend. We critically synthesizing the current knowledge of various rapid detection technology, and briefly touched upon the problem which still exist in research process. The review showed that the application of novel materials promotes the development of rapid detection technology, high-throughput and portability would be popular study directions in the future. Of course, the ultimate aim of the research is how to industrialization these technologies and apply to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Peng Han
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Peng Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Yao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bao-An Ning
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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14
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Wang GH, Tsai TH, Kui CC, Cheng CY, Huang TL, Chung YC. Analysis of bioavailable toluene by using recombinant luminescent bacterial biosensors with different promoters. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:2. [PMID: 33407661 PMCID: PMC7789755 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we constructed recombinant luminescent Escherichia coli with T7, T3, and SP6 promoters inserted between tol and lux genes as toluene biosensors and evaluated their sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity for measuring bioavailable toluene in groundwater and river water. The luminescence intensity of each biosensor depended on temperature, incubation time, ionic strength, and concentrations of toluene and coexisting organic compounds. Toluene induced the highest luminescence intensity in recombinant lux-expressing E. coli with the T7 promoter [T7-lux-E. coli, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.05 μM], followed by that in E. coli with the T3 promoter (T3-lux-E. coli, LOD = 0.2 μM) and SP6 promoter (SP6-lux-E. coli, LOD = 0.5 μM). Luminescence may have been synergistically or antagonistically affected by coexisting organic compounds other than toluene; nevertheless, low concentrations of benzoate and toluene analogs had no such effect. In reproducibility experiments, the biosensors had low relative standard deviation (4.3-5.8%). SP6-lux-E. coli demonstrated high adaptability to environmental interference. T7-lux-E. coli biosensor-with low LOD, wide measurement range (0.05-500 μM), and acceptable deviation (- 14.3 to 9.1%)-is an efficient toluene biosensor. This is the first study evaluating recombinant lux E. coli with different promoters for their potential application in toluene measurement in actual water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guey-Horng Wang
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Teh-Hua Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kui
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 11581, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yu Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 11581, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 11581, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 11581, Taiwan.
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15
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Shemer B, Shpigel E, Hazan C, Kabessa Y, Agranat AJ, Belkin S. Detection of buried explosives with immobilized bacterial bioreporters. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:251-261. [PMID: 33095504 PMCID: PMC7888469 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The unchecked dispersal of antipersonnel landmines since the late 19th century has resulted in large areas contaminated with these explosive devices, creating a substantial worldwide humanitarian safety risk. The main obstacle to safe and effective landmine removal is the identification of their exact location, an activity that currently requires entry of personnel into the minefields; to date, there is no commercialized technology for an efficient stand-off detection of buried landmines. In this article, we describe the optimization of a microbial sensor strain, genetically engineered for the remote detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoloune (TNT)-based mines. This bioreporter, designed to bioluminescence in response to minute concentrations of either TNT or 2,4-dinitotoluene (DNT), was immobilized in hydrogel beads and optimized for dispersion over the minefield. Following modifications of the hydrogel matrix in which the sensor bacteria are encapsulated, as well as their genetic reporting elements, these sensor bacteria sensitively detected buried 2,4-dinitrotoluene in laboratory experiments. Encapsulated in 1.5 mm 2% alginate beads containing 1% polyacrylic acid, they also detected the location of a real metallic antipersonnel landmine under field conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the detection of a buried landmine with a luminescent microbial bioreporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shemer
- Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Etai Shpigel
- Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Carina Hazan
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Yossef Kabessa
- The Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Aharon J. Agranat
- The Department of Applied PhysicsThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Shimshon Belkin
- Institute of Life SciencesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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16
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Harpaz D, Alkan N, Eltzov E. The Incorporation of Amplified Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence in a CMOS-Based Biosensor Increased the Detection Sensitivity of a DNA Marker of the Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10120204. [PMID: 33322238 PMCID: PMC7764091 DOI: 10.3390/bios10120204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Half of the global agricultural fresh produce is lost, mainly because of rots that are caused by various pathogenic fungi. In this study, a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based biosensor was developed, which integrates specific DNA strands that allow the detection of enoyl-CoA-hydratase/isomerase, which is a quiescent marker of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides fungi. The developed biosensor mechanism is based on the metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) phenomenon, which is amplified by depositing silver onto a glass surface. A surface DNA strand is then immobilized on the surface, and in the presence of the target mRNA within the sample, the reporter DNA strand that is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme will also bind to it. The light signal that is later produced from the HRP enzyme and its substrate is enhanced and detected by the coupled CMOS sensor. Several parameters that affect the silver-deposition procedure were examined, including silver solution temperature and volume, heating mode, and the tank material. Moreover, the effect of blocking treatment (skim milk or bovine serum albumin (BSA)) on the silver-layer stability and nonspecific DNA absorption was tested. Most importantly, the effect of the deposition reaction duration on the silver-layer formation and the MEF amplification was also investigated. In the study findings a preferred silver-deposition reaction duration was identified as 5–8 min, which increased the deposition of silver on the glass surface up to 13-times, and also resulted in the amplification of the MEF phenomenon with a maximum light signal of 50 relative light units (RLU). It was found that MEF can be amplified by a customized silver-deposition procedure that results in increased detection sensitivity. The implementation of the improved conditions increased the biosensor sensitivity to 3.3 nM (4500 RLU) with a higher detected light signal as compared to the initial protocol (400 RLU). Moreover, the light signal was amplified 18.75-, 11.11-, 5.5-, 11.25-, and 3.75-times in the improved protocol for all the tested concentrations of the target DNA strand of 1000, 100, 10, 3.3, and 2 nM, respectively. The developed biosensor system may allow the detection of the pathogenic fungus in postharvest produce and determine its pathogenicity state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Noam Alkan
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Harpaz D, Marks RS, Kushmaro A, Eltzov E. Environmental pollutants induce noninherited antibiotic resistance to polymyxin B in Escherichia coli. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1631-1643. [PMID: 33251814 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance by bacteria are important to create alternative molecules. Objective: This study focuses on the impact of environmental pollutants on bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Materials & methods: The effect of various environmental pollutants on noninherited bacterial resistance to antibiotics was examined. Results: The tolerance to the polymyxin-B antibiotic was shown to be conferred to Escherichia coli, by pretreatment with subinhibitory concentrations of environmental toxicants. The cell survival to a sublethal dosage of antibiotics was tested. Exposure to low concentrations of toxic compounds (500 ppb copper, 2% [v/v] ethanol or 0.5 μg/ml trimethoprim) stimulated the bacterial heat shock systems and led to increased tolerance to polymyxin B. Conclusion: Environmental pollutants induce a temporary bacterial noninheritable resistance to antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food science & Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.,Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Robert S Marks
- Avram & Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.,The Ilse Katz Center for Meso & Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram & Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.,The Ilse Katz Center for Meso & Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
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18
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Lopreside A, Calabretta MM, Montali L, Zangheri M, Guardigli M, Mirasoli M, Michelini E. Bioluminescence goes portable: recent advances in whole-cell and cell-free bioluminescence biosensors. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 36:278-293. [PMID: 32945075 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advancements in synthetic biology, organic chemistry, and computational models have allowed the application of bioluminescence in several fields, ranging from well established methods for detecting microbial contamination to in vivo imaging to track cancer and stem cells, from cell-based assays to optogenetics. Moreover, thanks to recent technological progress in miniaturized and sensitive light detectors, such as photodiodes and imaging sensors, it is possible to implement laboratory-based assays, such as cell-based and enzymatic assays, into portable analytical devices for point-of-care and on-site applications. This review highlights some recent advances in the development of whole-cell and cell-free bioluminescence biosensors with a glance on current challenges and different strategies that have been used to turn bioassays into biosensors with the required analytical performance. Critical issues and unsolved technical problems are also highlighted, to give the reader a taste of this fascinating and challenging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lopreside
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Laura Montali
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Zangheri
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Guardigli
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mara Mirasoli
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy.,INBB, Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Via Medaglie d'Oro, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Michelini
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy (CIRI FRAME), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 41/E 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Smartphone-Based Whole-Cell Biosensor Platform Utilizing an Immobilization Approach on a Filter Membrane Disk for the Monitoring of Water Toxicants. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195486. [PMID: 32992697 PMCID: PMC7582319 DOI: 10.3390/s20195486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescent bacteria whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) have been widely used in a range of sensing applications in environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics. However, most of them use planktonic bacteria cells that require complicated signal measurement processes and therefore limit the portability of the biosensor device. In this study, a simple and low-cost immobilization method was examined. The bioluminescent bioreporter bacteria was absorbed on a filter membrane disk. Further optimization of the immobilization process was conducted by comparing different surface materials (polyester and parafilm) or by adding glucose and ampicillin. The filter membrane disks with immobilized bacteria cells were stored at −20 °C for three weeks without a compromise in the stability of its biosensing functionality for water toxicants monitoring. Also, the bacterial immobilized disks were integrated with smartphones-based signal detection. Then, they were exposed to water samples with ethanol, chloroform, and H2O2, as common toxicants. The sensitivity of the smartphone-based WCB for the detection of ethanol, chloroform, and H2O2 was 1% (v/v), 0.02% (v/v), and 0.0006% (v/v), respectively. To conclude, this bacterial immobilization approach demonstrated higher sensitivity, portability, and improved storability than the planktonic counterpart. The developed smartphone-based WCB establishes a model for future applications in the detection of environmental water toxicants.
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20
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Zamir D, Galsurker O, Alkan N, Eltzov E. Detection of quiescent fungi in harvested fruit using CMOS biosensor: A proof of concept study. Talanta 2020; 217:120994. [PMID: 32498883 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postharvest fruit decay is caused by fungal pathogens and leads to major losses. In this study, specific mRNA sequences that are upregulated in the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides during its quiescent stage in fruits, were identified using a CMOS sensor. The identification process was based on sandwich approach, where strands complementary to the C. gloeosporioides mRNA sequences (quiescent stage-specific) were immobilized on the CMOS surface, and exposed to the target complementary reporter strands. In the presence of a target sequence, the reporter strand (linked to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP)) was left in the system and a measurable light signal was produced. The complementary strands specifically anneal to the mRNA in the sample. The sensitivity of the technology was assessed by mRNA sequences isolated from C. gloeosporioides, and identified as 10 nM RNA. The effect of the pathogenicity state on the sensor performance was also evaluated. The CMOS sensor could detect quiescent fungi, which are barely detectable by other means. The unique capability of the proposed system to detect and recognize the fungus during both pathogenic and quiescent stages, will allow the development of new sensors that can monitor the amount of undetectable quiescent fungi in harvested fruit, enabling improved food management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolev Zamir
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Ortal Galsurker
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Noam Alkan
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Fruit, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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21
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Ma J, Veltman B, Tietel Z, Tsror L, Liu Y, Eltzov E. Monitoring of infection volatile markers using CMOS-based luminescent bioreporters. Talanta 2020; 219:121333. [PMID: 32887066 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) have been widely used in the environmental field, with only few applications proposed for use in agricultural. This study describes the development and optimization of a WCB for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that is produced specifically by infected potato tubers. First, the effect of calcium-alginate matrix formation (beads vs. tablets) on the membrane uniformity and sensing efficiency was evaluated. Then, important parameters in the immobilization process were examined for their effect on the sensitivity to the presence of VOCs. The highest sensitivity to the target VOC was obtained by 20 min polymerization of bacterial suspension with optical density of 0.2 at 600 nm, dissolved in low-viscosity sodium alginate (1.5% w/v) and exposure to VOC at 4 °C. After optimization, the lowest limit of detection for three infection-sourced VOCs (nonanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 1-octen-3-ol) was 0.17-, 2.03-, and 2.09-mg/L, respectively, and the sensor sensitivity was improved by 8.9-, 3.1- and 2-fold, respectively. Then, the new optimized immobilization protocol was implemented for the CMOS-based application, which increased the sensor sensitivity to VOC by 3-fold during real-time measurement. This is the first step in creating a sensor for real-time monitoring of crop quality by identifying changes in VOC patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Ma
- Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boris Veltman
- Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Food Quality and Safety, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, MP Negev, Israel
| | - Leah Tsror
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Negev, Israel
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; Agro-Nanotechnology Research Center, Agriculture Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel.
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22
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Hicks M, Bachmann TT, Wang B. Synthetic Biology Enables Programmable Cell-Based Biosensors. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:132-144. [PMID: 31585026 PMCID: PMC7004036 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors offer cheap, portable and simple methods of detecting molecules of interest but have yet to be truly adopted commercially. Issues with their performance and specificity initially slowed the development of cell-based biosensors. With the development of rational approaches to tune response curves, the performance of biosensors has rapidly improved and there are now many biosensors capable of sensing with the required performance. This has stimulated an increased interest in biosensors and their commercial potential. However the reliability, long term stability and biosecurity of these sensors are still barriers to commercial application and public acceptance. Research into overcoming these issues remains active. Here we present the state-of-the-art tools offered by synthetic biology to allow construction of cell-based biosensors with customisable performance to meet the real world requirements in terms of sensitivity and dynamic range and discuss the research progress to overcome the challenges in terms of the sensor stability and biosecurity fears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Hicks
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Till T. Bachmann
- Infection MedicineEdinburgh Medical School: Biomedical SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Baojun Wang
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems BiologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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23
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A "signal-on" chemiluminescence biosensor for thrombin detection based on DNA functionalized magnetic sodium alginate hydrogel and metalloporphyrinic metal-organic framework nanosheets. Talanta 2019; 207:120300. [PMID: 31594586 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A "signal-on" chemiluminescence biosensor was established for detecting thrombin. The thrombin aptamer1-functionalized magnetic sodium alginate (Malg-Apt1) hydrogel was synthesized by physical interaction between sodium alginate and Ca2+, and it was used in the biosensor for separating and enriching thrombin. Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used to chelate with Ca2+ to dissolve the hydrogel and release thrombin. A metalloporphyrinic metal-organic framework nanosheet, named as Cu-TCPP(Co) MOFs, was prepared as signal amplification strategy. Cu-TCPP(Co) MOFs/Au-ssDNA (ssDNA: single-strand DNA) was synthesized for controllable further amplification of chemiluminescent signal. The thrombin aptamer2-functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNTs-Apt2) were used as a matrix, and Cu-TCPP(Co) MOFs/Au-ssDNA was adsorbed on the MCNTs by the complementary pairing of the partial bases between ssDNA and Apt2. Compared with ssDNA, Apt2 has a stronger interaction with thrombin. Therefore, thrombin can trigger the release of Cu-TCPP(Co) MOFs/Au-ssDNA to achieve signal amplification. Under the optimal conditions, the biosensor could detect thrombin as low as 2.178 × 10-13 mol/L with the range from 8.934 × 10-13 to 5.956 × 10-10 mol/L and exhibited excellent selectively. Moreover, the "signal-on" chemiluminescence biosensor showed potential application for the detection of thrombin in body fluids.
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24
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Din G, Hasan F, Conway M, Denney B, Ripp S, Shah A. Engineering a bioluminescent bioreporter from an environmentally sourced mercury‐resistantEnterobacter cloacaestrain for the detection of bioavailable mercury. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1125-1134. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Din
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - F. Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - M. Conway
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - B. Denney
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - S. Ripp
- Center for Environmental Biotechnology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA
| | - A.A. Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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25
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Lobsiger N, Stark WJ. Strategies of Immobilizing Cells in Whole-cell Microbial Biosensor Devices Targeted for Analytical Field Applications. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:839-847. [PMID: 31204371 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19r004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the development of whole-cell biosensors with a special focus on device development and cell immobilization. Integration of biosensor functions in a device will pave the way for field applications in remote areas and resource-limited settings. Firstly, an introduction to the field of whole-cell biosensors is provided, followed by examples of genetic engineering of cells in order to fulfill sensor functions. A framework of requirements to enable future field applications of biosensors is elaborated. A special focus is on different cell immobilization techniques ranging from polymers, to microfluidic devices, immobilization on paper and combinations of these methods. Looking at globally successfully implemented point of care devices such as a home pregnancy test or a blood glucose meter, we conclude the review with thoughts on long-term stability, portability, ease of use and user safety design guidelines for whole-cell biosensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lobsiger
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemical- and Bioengineering, Functional Materials Laboratory
| | - Wendelin J Stark
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemical- and Bioengineering, Functional Materials Laboratory
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26
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Gupta N, Renugopalakrishnan V, Liepmann D, Paulmurugan R, Malhotra BD. Cell-based biosensors: Recent trends, challenges and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111435. [PMID: 31238280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Existing at the interface of biology and electronics, living cells have been in use as biorecognition elements (bioreceptors) in biosensors since the early 1970s. They are an interesting choice of bioreceptors as they allow flexibility in determining the sensing strategy, are cheaper than purified enzymes and antibodies and make the fabrication relatively simple and cost-effective. And with advances in the field of synthetic biology, microfluidics and lithography, many exciting developments have been made in the design of cell-based biosensors in the last about five years. 3D cell culture systems integrated with electrodes are now providing new insights into disease pathogenesis and physiology, while cardiomyocyte-integrated microelectrode array (MEA) technology is set to be standardized for the assessment of drug-induced cardiac toxicity. From cell microarrays for high-throughput applications to plasmonic devices for anti-microbial susceptibility testing and advent of microbial fuel cell biosensors, cell-based biosensors have evolved from being mere tools for detection of specific analytes to multi-parametric devices for real time monitoring and assessment. However, despite these advancements, challenges such as regeneration and storage life, heterogeneity in cell populations, high interference and high costs due to accessory instrumentation need to be addressed before the full potential of cell-based biosensors can be realized at a larger scale. This review summarizes results of the studies that have been conducted in the last five years toward the fabrication of cell-based biosensors for different applications with a comprehensive discussion on the challenges, future trends, and potential inputs needed for improving them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | | | - Dorian Liepmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Suite 2236, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India.
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Wasito H, Fatoni A, Hermawan D, Susilowati SS. Immobilized bacterial biosensor for rapid and effective monitoring of acute toxicity in water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:205-209. [PMID: 30529914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of biosensors by using microorganisms such as bacteria have short life cycles and provide other advantages. One colorimetric biosensor technique that has been developed is the use of a biosensor utilizing the incorporation of Prussian blue formation reactions mediated by E. coli bioreactors with ferricyanide. Immobilization is a method that allows the bacteria can be used for long-term without reducing its ability as bioreceptor. This study aimed to develop a novel and rapid immobilized bacterial biosensor for the detection of toxic compound in water and to evaluate their analytical performances. Immobilization of E. coli performed by trapping method using alginate material support. The bacterial suspension was mixed with sodium alginate (1:1 v/v), and the mixture was continuously dropped in CaCl2 solution to be a form of beads. The beads were used as bioreceptor to detect toxicants regarding cadmium, arsenic, mercury, chromium and lead solutions with Prussian blue as a colorimetric indicator. The linearity and sensitivity of detection of beads to the toxicants were tested, the stability of repeated use and storage were evaluated as well. The results showed that E. coli could be immobilized using alginate with response value was correlated with toxic concentration. The developed biosensor was more stable when used repeatedly and could be stored in a long time. The immobilization of E. coli in calcium alginate bead was successfully performed as a biosensor system for monitoring acute toxicity in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendri Wasito
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia; Biosensory Technology Division, Center for Maritime Biosciences Studies, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia.
| | - Amin Fatoni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia; Biosensory Technology Division, Center for Maritime Biosciences Studies, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia
| | - Dadan Hermawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia
| | - Sri Sutji Susilowati
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia
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Xurography-based microfluidic algal biosensor and dedicated portable measurement station for online monitoring of urban polluted samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 117:669-677. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nakamura H. Current status of water environment and their microbial biosensor techniques - Part II: Recent trends in microbial biosensor development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:3967-3989. [PMID: 29736704 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In Part I of the present review series, I presented the current state of the water environment by focusing on Japanese cases and discussed the need to further develop microbial biosensor technologies for the actual water environment. I comprehensively present trends after approximately 2010 in microbial biosensor development for the water environment. In the first section, after briefly summarizing historical studies, recent studies on microbial biosensor principles are introduced. In the second section, recent application studies for the water environment are also introduced. Finally, I conclude the present review series by describing the need to further develop microbial biosensor technologies. Graphical abstract Current water pollution indirectly occurs by anthropogenic eutrophication (Part I). Recent trends in microbial biosensor development for water environment are described in part II of the present review series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Nakamura
- Department of Liberal Arts, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan.
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Lachish River event monitored for toxicity using bioluminescent reporter organisms. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/ebtj-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Lachish River has suffered from recurring pollution incidents for the past decade. On October 11th, 2017, another contamination in the river was sighted, as thousands of dead fish were found floating. Samples from the river were retrieved and tested through a whole cell bioluminescent bacterial bioreporter system as well as conventional analytical methods, and the results from both methods were analyzed and compared, even though initially these two collecting events were not coordinated. The information acquired from the whole cell reporter was consistent with that obtained from conventional methods. Both approaches indicated a large concentration of microorganisms as deduced from K802NR E. coli strain reaction and coliforms count. The high water conductivity measured in collected samples were closer downstream, and attributed to the diffusion of salts from the Mediterranean Sea which affected bacterial viability as seen from the decreased reaction of E. coli strains TV1061 and DPD2794. In addition, the bacterial indicators’ kinetic patterns have shown indication for the presence of a genotoxic substance from only one of the collection sites, which was tested positive for the herbicide Metazachlor, itself known to have genotoxic effects. The correlation between both approaches, along with the biosensor’s ability to assess biological influences, suggests that the whole cell bioluminescent bacterial bioreporter bioassay as an easy, simple and efficient approach for water toxicity monitoring.
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Jiang B, Li G, Xing Y, Zhang D, Jia J, Cui Z, Luan X, Tang H. A whole-cell bioreporter assay for quantitative genotoxicity evaluation of environmental samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:384-392. [PMID: 28609744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Whole-cell bioreporters have emerged as promising tools for genotoxicity evaluation, due to their rapidity, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity and selectivity. In this study, a method for detecting genotoxicity in environmental samples was developed using the bioluminescent whole-cell bioreporter Escherichia coli recA::luxCDABE. To further test its performance in a real world scenario, the E. coli bioreporter was applied in two cases: i) soil samples collected from chromium(VI) contaminated sites; ii) crude oil contaminated seawater collected after the Jiaozhou Bay oil spill which occurred in 2013. The chromium(VI) contaminated soils were pretreated by water extraction, and directly exposed to the bioreporter in two phases: aqueous soil extraction (water phase) and soil supernatant (solid phase). The results indicated that both extractable and soil particle fixed chromium(VI) were bioavailable to the bioreporter, and the solid-phase contact bioreporter assay provided a more precise evaluation of soil genotoxicity. For crude oil contaminated seawater, the response of the bioreporter clearly illustrated the spatial and time change in genotoxicity surrounding the spill site, suggesting that the crude oil degradation process decreased the genotoxic risk to ecosystem. In addition, the performance of the bioreporter was simulated by a modified cross-regulation gene expression model, which quantitatively described the DNA damage response of the E. coli bioreporter. Accordingly, the bioluminescent response of the bioreporter was calculated as the mitomycin C equivalent, enabling quantitative comparison of genotoxicities between different environmental samples. This bioreporter assay provides a rapid and sensitive screening tool for direct genotoxicity assessment of environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghe Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Xing
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jianli Jia
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisong Cui
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Luan
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Tang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Roggo C, van der Meer JR. Miniaturized and integrated whole cell living bacterial sensors in field applicable autonomous devices. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 45:24-33. [PMID: 28088093 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Live-cell based bioreporters are increasingly being deployed in microstructures, which facilitates their handling and permits the development of instruments that could perform autonomous environmental monitoring. Here we review recent developments of on-chip integration of live-cell bioreporters, the coupling of their reporter signal to the devices, their longer term preservation and multi-analyte capacity. We show examples of instruments that have attempted to fully integrate bioreporters as their sensing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Roggo
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Eltzov E, Marks RS. Colorimetric stack pad immunoassay for bacterial identification. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:572-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Luo Y, Liu YJ. Bioluminophore and Flavin Mononucleotide Fluorescence Quenching of Bacterial Bioluminescence-A Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:16243-16249. [PMID: 27665749 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial bioluminescence with continuous glow has been applied to the fields of environmental toxin monitoring, drug screening, and in vivo imaging. Nonetheless, the chemical form of the bacterial bioluminophore is still a bone of contention. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), one of the light-emitting products, and 4a-hydroxy-5-hydro flavin mononucleotide (HFOH), an intermediate of the chemical reactions, have both been assumed candidates for the light emitter because they have similar molecular structures and fluorescence wavelengths. The latter is preferred in experiments and was assigned in our previous density functional study. HFOH displays weak fluorescence in solutions, but exhibits strong bioluminescence in the bacterial luciferase. FMN shows the opposite behavior; its fluorescence is quenched when it is bound to the luciferase. This is the first example of flavin fluorescence quenching observed in bioluminescent systems and is merely an observation, both the quenching mechanism and quencher are still unclear. Based on theoretical analysis of high-level quantum mechanics (QM), combined QM and molecular mechanics (QM/MM), and molecular dynamics (MD), this paper confirms that HFOH in its first singlet excited state is the bioluminophore of bacterial bioluminescence. More importantly, the computational results indicate that Tyr110 in the luciferase quenches the FMN fluorescence via an electron-transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Luo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
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