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Rozaini MNH, Khoo KS, Abdah MAAM, Ethiraj B, Alam MM, Anwar AF, Yunus NM, Liew CS, Lim JW, Ho CD, Tong WY. Potential application of 2D nano-layered MXene in analysing and remediating endocrine disruptor compounds and heavy metals in water. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:111. [PMID: 38466501 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of technologies and growth of the economy, it is inevitable that more complex processes are deployed, producing more heterogeneous wastewater that comes from biomedical, biochemical and various biotechnological industries. While the conventional way of wastewater treatment could effectively reduce the chemical oxygen demand, pH and turbidity of wastewater, trace pollutants, specifically the endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) that exist in µg L-1 or ng L-1 have further hardened the detection and removal of these biochemical pollutants. Even in small amounts, EDC could interfere human's hormone, causing severe implications on human body. Hence, this review elucidates the recent insights regarding the effectiveness of an advanced 2D material based on titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx), also known as MXene, in detecting and removing EDCs. MXene's highly tunable feature also allows its surface chemistry to be adjusted by adding chemicals with different functional groups to adsorb different kinds of EDCs for biochemical pollution mitigation. At the same time, the incorporation of MXene into sample matrices also further eases the analysis of trace pollutants down to ng L-1 levels, thereby making way for a more cleaner and comprehensive wastewater treatment. In that sense, this review also highlights the progress in synthesizing MXene from the conventional method to the more modern approaches, together with their respective key parameters. To further understand and attest to the efficacy of MXene, the limitations and current gaps of this potential agent are also accentuated, targeting to seek resolutions for a more sustainable application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nur' Hafiz Rozaini
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Baranitharan Ethiraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliya Fathima Anwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Normawati M Yunus
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Chin Seng Liew
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
| | - Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, 251301, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Institute of Medical Science Technology, A1-1, Jalan TKS 1, Taman Kajang Sentral, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Sartore DM, Vargas Medina DA, Bocelli MD, Jordan-Sinisterra M, Santos-Neto ÁJ, Lanças FM. Modern automated microextraction procedures for bioanalytical, environmental, and food analyses. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300215. [PMID: 37232209 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation frequently is considered the most critical stage of the analytical workflow. It affects the analytical throughput and costs; moreover, it is the primary source of error and possible sample contamination. To increase efficiency, productivity, and reliability, while minimizing costs and environmental impacts, miniaturization and automation of sample preparation are necessary. Nowadays, several types of liquid-phase and solid-phase microextractions are available, as well as different automatization strategies. Thus, this review summarizes recent developments in automated microextractions coupled with liquid chromatography, from 2016 to 2022. Therefore, outstanding technologies and their main outcomes, as well as miniaturization and automation of sample preparation, are critically analyzed. Focus is given to main microextraction automation strategies, such as flow techniques, robotic systems, and column-switching approaches, reviewing their applications to the determination of small organic molecules in biological, environmental, and food/beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Sartore
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Deyber A Vargas Medina
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcio D Bocelli
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Jordan-Sinisterra
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Álvaro J Santos-Neto
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Lanças
- Departamento de Química e Física Molecular, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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3
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Sánchez-Piñero J, Moreda-Piñeiro J, Concha-Graña E, Fernández-Amado M, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, López-Mahía P. Inhalation bioaccessibility estimation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from atmospheric particulate matter (PM 10): Influence of PM 10 composition and health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127847. [PMID: 32814136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed in 65 atmospheric particulate matter samples (PM10) collected at an Atlantic coastal European urban site. The proposed method consists on a physiologically based extraction (PBET) by using Gamble's solution followed by a vortex assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction (VALLME) and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The use of a micro-extraction technique combined with FLD detection, provides a simple, fast, sensitive, accurate and low-cost methodology to PAHs quantification in bioaccessible fractions. Accuracy of the bioaccessibility study was assessed by means of a mass balance approaches using a PM10 filter and a certified reference material (ERM-CZ100). High-moderate inhalation bioaccessibilities were found for phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Ft) and pyrene (Pyr) (average ratios in the 52-65% range); while dibenz (a,h)anthracene (DBahA), indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP) and benzo (g,h,i)perylene (BghiP) were observed to be less bioaccessibles (average ratios in the 11-14% range). Relationship between PM10 composition (major ions, trace metals, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and UV-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM)) and PAHs bioaccessibility ratios was also assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that PAHs bioaccessibility percentage is dependent on anthropogenic (eBC, UVPM and Sb concentrations) and marine sources of PM10. Predicted PAHs bioaccessibilities after applying a multiple linear regression model based on marine and anthropogenic source of PM10 could also be established. Health risk assessment of target PM10-associated PAHs via inhalation was assessed considering bioaccessibility concentrations by using hazard index (HI) and BaP equivalent concentration (BaPeq) approaches, suggesting no carcinogenic risk in the area during the sampling campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sánchez-Piñero
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Concha-Graña
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Amado
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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5
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Prieto-Blanco MC, Ballester-Caudet A, Souto-Varela FJ, López-Mahía P, Campíns-Falcó P. Rapid evaluation of ammonium in different rain events minimizing needed volume by a cost-effective and sustainable PDMS supported solid sensor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114911. [PMID: 32534238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of ammonium ion in rainwater is due to atmospheric processes which involve its scavenging from gas phase and particulate matter. The fractionated samplings of rainwater can provide information about these processes and their potential sources. However, only a low sample volume may be available, which constrained the analysis in general and more particularly in situ mode. For minimizing this limitation, this work proposes a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-salicylate sensor that produces a color change. The embedding of solid reagents into PDMS was optimized. Good analytical characteristics (analysis time of 10 min, sample volume of 500 μL, limit of detection 0.03 μgmL-1) were obtained. Furthermore, other features of the method such as carbon footprint, equipment cost, residues, toxicity and safety have to be taken into account to be assessed according to the Green Analytical Chemistry approach. In this sense, the hexagon tool was employed for comparing the proposed sensor with methods based on the same reaction as well as with general methods for the ammonium analysis in water (using luminol, ion selective electrode, Nessler and modified Roth method). The proposed method based on PDMS-salicylate sensor stands out from all the others by its sustainability, particularly, in terms of low carbon footprint, residues and cost. The method was applied to fractionated samplings in a suburban site (Galicia, Northwestern Spain) and a higher contribution of the rainout process was observed. When long-duration rain events were analyzed, a relationship between the sampling time and ammonium concentration could indicate a loss of ammonium ion over time. The research focuses on developing an innovative PDMS-sensor, for monitoring ammonium determination in rainwater under wide conditions (scavenging process).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Prieto-Blanco
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Ana Ballester-Caudet
- Grupo MINTOTA, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, E46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Souto-Varela
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Purificación López-Mahía
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Pilar Campíns-Falcó
- Grupo MINTOTA, Departament de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Valencia, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, E46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Vállez-Gomis V, Grau J, Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Salvador A. Reduced graphene oxide-based magnetic composite for trace determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cosmetics by stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461229. [PMID: 32540071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a sensitive and rapid analytical method for trace determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cosmetic samples. The proposed method is based on stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction (SBSDME). A magnetic composite made of CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles embedded into reduced graphene oxide sheets is used as sorbent phase. After the extraction, the target analytes are desorbed in toluene and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main parameters involved in the extraction procedure (i.e., composite amount, extraction time and desorption time) were evaluated and optimized to provide the best extraction efficiency. The method was successfully validated under the selected conditions, showing a linear range of at least up to 125 ng mL-1, instrumental and method limits of detection from 0.02 to 2.50 ng mL-1 and from 0.15 to 24.22 ng g-1, respectively, and relative standard deviations (RSD) below 10 % for all the target analytes. Standard addition combined with internal standard calibration was employed for quantification. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of ten PAHs in four cosmetic products of different matrix. Several analytes between 14 and 464 ng g-1 were found, some of them prohibited in cosmetic products. This work expands the analytical potential of SBSDME technique to other analytes and to the use of new sorbent phases, showing the great versatility of this approach depending on the characteristics of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Vállez-Gomis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
| | - José Grau
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
| | - Juan L Benedé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain.
| | - Amparo Salvador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
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On-line in-tube solid phase microextraction coupled to capillary liquid chromatography-diode array detection for the analysis of caffeine and its metabolites in small amounts of biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shi Z, Jiang J, Pang W, Ma H, Chu X, Zhou C, Zhang H. Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction using cotton based carbon fiber sorbent for the determination of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea infusion by gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Li C, Feng J, Wang X, Tian Y, Ji X, Luo C, Sun M. Melamine–Formaldehyde Aerogel Doped with Boron Nitride Nanosheets as the Coating of In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Yuan X, You F, Yong L, Yang C, Zhu L, Hu B, Liu T. Rapid determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 by microwave assisted extraction-high performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Ji X, Feng J, Wang X, Tian Y, Li C, Luo C, Sun M. Diamond nanoparticles coating for in-tube solid-phase microextraction to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:4480-4487. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan P. R. China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; University of Jinan; Jinan P. R. China
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Pang J, Yuan D, Huang X. On-line combining monolith-based in-tube solid phase microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography- fluorescence detection for the sensitive monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in complex samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1571:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents in Developing Microextraction Methods Based on Solidification of Floating Drop: Application to the Trace HPLC/FLD Determination of PAHs. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3548-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Fernández-Amado M, Prieto-Blanco M, López-Mahía P, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Prada-Rodríguez D. Ion-pair in-tube solid phase microextraction for the simultaneous determination of phthalates and their degradation products in atmospheric particulate matter. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1520:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Fernández-Amado M, Prieto-Blanco MC, López-Mahía P, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Prada-Rodríguez D. A comparative study of extractant and chromatographic phases for the rapid and sensitive determination of six phthalates in rainwater samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:52-65. [PMID: 28211335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six phthalic acid esters were determined in rainwater samples, from which a very low sample volume was collected. This method combines on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector. In order to obtain a short analysis time and to reduce the consumption of organic solvents, two chromatographic phases (C18 monolithic and cyanopropyl silica) are compared. Although three critical pairs are found, faster separation, good resolution and lower pressures are achieved using C18 monolithic column. In order to achieve a simple and sensitive method, two commercial capillaries (a porous polymer with divinylbenzene-4-vinylpyridine and a liquid-phase capillary with 95% poly(dimethylsiloxane)-5% poly(diphenylsiloxane)) are tested for the extraction process. Due to great differences of hydrophobicity among the six phthalates, the selection of a modifier is necessary for a good extraction. The best conditions are achieved using 5 mL of sample containing 40% methanol in a 70 cm-long porous polymer capillary. The procedural blanks are controlled and taken into account in the calculation of the detection limits. Except for dimethylphthalate, the method detection limits are in the range from 0.2 to 0.9 ng mL-1 and the inter-day precision is between 5.3% and 12.5%. The recoveries were within the range of 71%-101%. Rainwater samples are analyzed in order to examine the dilution effect and washout of phthalates in the atmosphere. Dibutyl phthalate is the predominant phthalate found and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is detected in all analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Amado
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - M C Prieto-Blanco
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - P López-Mahía
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - S Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - D Prada-Rodríguez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo QANAP, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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16
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A preconcentrator-separator two-in-one online system for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis. Talanta 2017; 167:573-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Magnetic solid phase extraction of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples with metal organic framework MIL-101 (Cr) modified zero valent iron nano-particles. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1487:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Serra-Mora P, Moliner-Martínez Y, Molins-Legua C, Herráez-Hernández R, Verdú-Andrés J, Campíns-Falcó P. Trends in Online Intube Solid Phase Microextraction. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Pang L, Zhang W, Zhang W, Chen P, Yu J, Zhu GT, Zhu S. Magnetic graphene solid-phase extraction in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10551g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic graphene nanocomposite was fabricated and applied to the extraction of PAHs in water, followed by GC-MS. The method showed a good linearity. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were in a range between 0.02–14.3 ng L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Wanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Weiya Zhang
- Testing & Technology Centre for Industrial Products
- Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau
- PR China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Gang-Tian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan
- PR China
| | - Shukui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology
- China University of Geosciences
- Wuhan
- PR China
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Wang S, Xu H. Inorganic-organic hybrid coating material for the online in-tube solid-phase microextraction of monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4610-4620. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ShuLing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan China
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21
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Nacham O, Clark KD, Pino V, Anderson JL, Ayala JH, Afonso AM. Magnetic ionic liquids as non-conventional extraction solvents for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 934:106-13. [PMID: 27506350 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the applicability of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) in the analytical determination of a group of heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Three different MILs, namely, benzyltrioctylammonium bromotrichloroferrate (III) (MIL A), methoxybenzyltrioctylammonium bromotrichloroferrate (III) (MIL B), and 1,12-di(3-benzylbenzimidazolium) dodecane bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)]imide bromotrichloroferrate (III) (MIL C), were designed to exhibit hydrophobic properties, and their performance examined in a microextraction method for hydrophobic analytes. The magnet-assisted approach with these MILs was performed in combination with high performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. The study of the extraction performance showed that MIL A was the most suitable solvent for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and under optimum conditions the fast extraction step required ∼20 μL of MIL A for 10 mL of aqueous sample, 24 mmol L(-1) NaOH, high ionic strength content of NaCl (25% (w/v)), 500 μL of acetone as dispersive solvent, and 5 min of vortex. The desorption step required the aid of an external magnetic field with a strong NdFeB magnet (the separation requires few seconds), two back-extraction steps for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons retained in the MIL droplet with n-hexane, evaporation and reconstitution with acetonitrile. The overall method presented limits of detection down to 5 ng L(-1), relative recoveries ranging from 91.5 to 119%, and inter-day reproducibility values (expressed as relative standard derivation) lower than 16.4% for a spiked level of 0.4 μg L(-1) (n = 9). The method was also applied for the analysis of real samples, including tap water, wastewater, and tea infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Trujillo-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química (Área de Química Analítica), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain.
| | - Omprakash Nacham
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Kevin D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Verónica Pino
- Departamento de Química (Área de Química Analítica), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain.
| | - Jared L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Juan H Ayala
- Departamento de Química (Área de Química Analítica), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain.
| | - Ana M Afonso
- Departamento de Química (Área de Química Analítica), Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), La Laguna, Tenerife, 38206, Spain.
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