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Hernández-Tenorio R, Villanueva-Rodríguez M, Guzmán-Mar JL, Hinojosa-Reyes L, Hernández-Ramírez A, Vigil-Castillo HH. Priority list of pharmaceutical active compounds in aquatic environments of Mexico considering their occurrence, environmental and human health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024:104502. [PMID: 39002617 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are detected pollutants in aquatic environments worldwide at concentrations ranging from ng L-1 to µg L-1. Currently in Mexico, PhACs monitoring is poorly realized. In this study, a priority list of PhACs in Mexican aquatic environments has been proposed considering their occurrence, environmental and human health risks. Environmental risks were assessed as Risk Quotients (RQ) values using the PhACs concentrations detected in surface water, obtaining high risks (RQ > 1) against aquatic organisms, especially of naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, 17β-estradiol, carbamazepine, ketoprofen, caffeine, while potential human health risk (RQH) were assessed on the Mexican population using the concentrations quantified in groundwater, demonstrating potential risks (RQH > 0.2) on the population, particularly of DCF and CBZ. Thus, priority list of PhACs can be used as reference for environmental monitoring in Mexican water supplies as well as PhACs monitoring in countries of the Caribbean region and Central America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Hernández-Tenorio
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Sede Noreste, Vía de la Innovación 404, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km 10, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León, C.P. 66628, Mexico.
| | - Minerva Villanueva-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Guzmán-Mar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Laura Hinojosa-Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Aracely Hernández-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Héctor H Vigil-Castillo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, Av. Universidad s/n, 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Puhlmann N, Olsson O, Kümmerer K. How data on transformation products can support the redesign of sulfonamides towards better biodegradability in the environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171027. [PMID: 38378053 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Sulfonamide antibiotics (SUAs) released into the environment can affect environmental und human health, e.g., by accelerating the development and selection of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Benign by Design (BbD) of SUAs is an effective risk prevention approach. BbD principles aim for fast and complete mineralization or at least deactivation of the SUA after release into the aquatic environment. Main objective was to test if mixtures of transformation products (TPs) generated via photolysis of SUAs can be used as an efficient way to screen for similarly effective but better biodegradable SUA alternatives. Six SUAs were photolyzed (Hg ultraviolet (UV) light), and generated UV-mixtures analysed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an UV and tandem mass spectrometry detector. UV-mixtures were screened for antibiotic activity (luminescence bacteria test, LBT, on luminescence and growth inhibition of Aliivibrio Fischeri) and environmental biodegradability (manometric respirometry test, MRT, OECD 301F) using untreated parent SUAs in comparison. Additionally, ready environmental biodegradability of three commercially available hydroxylated sulfanilamide derivatives was investigated. SUA-TPs contributed to acute and chronic bacterial luminescence inhibition by UV-mixtures. LBT's third endpoint, growth inhibition, was not significant for UV-mixtures. However, it cannot be excluded for tested TPs as concentrations were lower than parents' concentrations and inhibition by most parental concentrations tested was also not significant. HPLC analysis of MRT samples revealed that one third of SUA-TPs was reduced during incubation. Three of these TPs, likely OH-SIX, OH-SMX and OH-STZ, were of interest for BbD because the sulfonamide moiety is still present. However, hydroxylated sulfanilamide derivatives, tested to investigate the effect of hydroxylation on biodegradability, were not readily biodegraded. Thus, improving mineralization through hydroxylation as a general rule couldn't be confirmed, and no BbD candidate could be identified. This study fills data gaps on bioactivity and environmental biodegradability of SUAs' TP-mixtures. Findings may support new redesign approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele Puhlmann
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Research and Education Hub, International Sustainable Chemistry Collaborative Centre ISC(3), Germany.
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Hernández-Tenorio R. Hydroxylated transformation products of pharmaceutical active compounds: Generation from processes used in wastewater treatment plants and its environmental monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140753. [PMID: 38006923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) are organic pollutants detected in wastewater and aquatic environments worldwide in concentrations ranging from ng L-1 to μg L-1. Wastewater effluents containing PhACs residues is discharged in municipal sewage and, subsequently collected in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) where are not entirely removed. Thus, PhACs and its transformation products (TPs) are discharged into water bodies. In the current work, the transformation of PhACs under treatments used in municipal WWTPs such as biological, photolysis, chlorination, and ozonation processes was reviewed. Data set of the major transformation pathways were obtained of studies that performed the PhACs removal and TPs monitoring during batch-scale experiments using gas and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS/MS). Several transformation pathways as dealkylation, hydroxylation, oxidation, acetylation, aromatic ring opening, chlorination, dehalogenation, photo-substitution, and ozone attack reactions were identified during the transformation of PhACs. Especially, hydroxylation reaction was identified as transformation pathway in all the processes. During the elucidation of hydroxylated TPs several isobaric compounds as monohydroxylated and dihydroxylated were identified. However, hydroxylated TPs monitoring in wastewater and aquatic environments is a topic scarcely studied due to that has no environmental significance, lack of available analytic standars of hydroxylated TPs and lack of analytic methods for their identification. Thus, screening strategy for environmental monitoring of hydroxylated TPs was proposed through target and suspect screening using GC/LC-MS/MS systems. In the next years, more studies on the hydroxylated TPs monitoring are necessary for its detection in WWTPs effluents as well as studies on their environmental effects in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Hernández-Tenorio
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño Del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Sede Noreste, Vía de La Innovación 404, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km 10, Parque PIIT, Apodaca, Nuevo León, C.P. 66628, Mexico.
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Beretsou VG, Nika MC, Manoli K, Michael C, Sui Q, Lundy L, Revitt DM, Thomaidis NS, Fatta-Kassinos D. Multiclass target analysis of contaminants of emerging concern including transformation products, soil bioavailability assessment and retrospective screening as tools to evaluate risks associated with reclaimed water reuse. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158391. [PMID: 36049679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 200 multiclass contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) encompassing 168 medicinal products and transformation products (TPs), 5 artificial sweeteners, 12 industrial chemicals, and 15 other compounds was investigated in influent and effluent wastewater samples collected during 7 consecutive days from 5 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Cyprus. The methodology included a generic solid-phase extraction protocol using mixed-bed cartridges followed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis. A total of 63 CECs were detected at least in one sample, with 52 and 55 out of the 200 compounds detected in influents and effluents, respectively. Ten (10) out of the 24 families of parent compounds and associated TPs were found in the wastewater samples (influent or effluent). 1-H-benzotriazole, carbamazepine, citalopram, lamotrigine, sucralose, tramadol, and venlafaxine (>80 % frequency of appearance in effluents) were assessed with respect to their bioavailability in soil as part of different scenarios of irrigation with reclaimed water following a qualitative approach. A high score of 12 (high probability) was predicted for 2 scenarios, a low score of 3 (rare occasions) for 2 scenarios, while the rest 28 scenarios had scores 5-8 (unlikely or limited possibility) and 9-11 (possibly). Retrospective screening was performed with the use of a target database of 2466 compounds and led to the detection of 158 additional compounds (medicinal products (65), medicinal products TPs (15), illicit drugs (7), illicit drugs TPs (3), industrial chemicals (11), plant protection products (25), plant protection products TPs (10), and various other compounds (22). This work aspires to showcase how the presence of CECs in wastewater could be investigated and assessed at WWTP level, including an expert-based methodology for assessing the soil bioavailability of CECs, with the aim to develop sustainable practices and enhance reclaimed water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki G Beretsou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria-Christina Nika
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Manoli
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Qian Sui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lian Lundy
- Middlesex University, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Michael Revitt
- Middlesex University, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, London NW4 4BT, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Center, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Puhlmann N, Olsson O, Kümmerer K. Transformation products of sulfonamides in aquatic systems: Lessons learned from available environmental fate and behaviour data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154744. [PMID: 35339561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides (SUAs) and their transformation products (TPs) contribute to environmental pollution. Importance of research on TPs' properties has been emphasised, e.g. allowing a comprehensive environmental risk assessment of their parent compounds. However, TPs' properties have been discussed in reviews on SUAs only marginally, if at all. For the first time, a scientific literature review aims to discuss the current state of knowledge on SUA-TPs including research gaps, and commonalities of SUA-TPs and TPs in general. Literature on SUA-TPs was consulted systematically to collect data on occurrence, physicochemical properties, degradability, and (eco)toxicity. TPs of 14 SUAs were reviewed, and aspects applicable for TPs in general were identified to guide future handling of TPs as a complex category of compounds. The data of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the main representative, was analysed in more detail to discuss insights on a chemical level. Literature search resulted in 607 SUA-TPs reported in 222 publications. Only for 4%, 31%, and 35% of these TPs, data on occurrence in aquatic systems, on degradation, and (eco)toxicity, respectively, was found. Several mixtures of SUA-TPs were more ecotoxic than their parent compounds, e.g. 10 of 15 mixtures of SMX-TPs. Only few TPs were tested as single substance. Although several TPs could be eliminated experimentally, their mineralisation rate remained often unknown. Thus, further transformation to persistent TPs could not be ruled out. Standardised biodegradability tests of individual TPs would monitor their mineralisation rate, but are almost completely lacking. Reasons are likely poor availability of TPs, but also the focus on abiotic water treatment. Data assessment demonstrated that data of high significance according to standard methods, e.g. OECD methods for chronic (eco)toxicity and ready biodegradability, is needed to assess environmental risks of prioritised TPs, but also to redesign their parent pharmaceutical for complete environmental mineralisation in a long-term (Benign by Design).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neele Puhlmann
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Olsson
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable Chemistry, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany; Research and Education Hub, International Sustainable Chemistry Collaborative Center ISC3, Germany.
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Lopez FJ, Pitarch E, Botero-Coy AM, Fabregat-Safont D, Ibáñez M, Marin JM, Peruga A, Ontañón N, Martínez-Morcillo S, Olalla A, Valcárcel Y, Varó I, Hernández F. Removal efficiency for emerging contaminants in a WWTP from Madrid (Spain) after secondary and tertiary treatment and environmental impact on the Manzanares River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152567. [PMID: 34952067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can be an important contamination source for receiving waters. In this work, a comprehensive study on the impact of a WWTP from Madrid on the aquatic environment has been performed, including a wide number of pharmaceuticals and pesticides, among them those included in the European Watch List. 24-h composite samples of influent (IWW) and effluent wastewater after secondary (EWW2) and after secondary + tertiary treatment (EWW3) were monitored along two campaigns. Average weekly concentrations in IWW and EWW2 and EWW3 allowed estimating the removal efficiency of the WWTP for pharmaceutical active substances (PhACs). In addition, the impact of EWW3 on the water quality of the Manzanares River was assessed, in terms of PhAC and pesticide concentrations, through analysis of the river water collected upstream and downstream of the discharge point. After a preliminary risk assessment, a detailed evaluation of the impact on the aquatic environment, including a toxicological study and screening of pharmaceutical metabolites, was made for the seven most relevant PhACs: sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin and clarithromycin (antibiotics), metoprolol (antihypertensive), diclofenac (anti-inflammatory/analgesic), irbesartan (antihypertensive), and the antidepressant venlafaxine. Among selected PhACs, irbesartan, clarithromycin and venlafaxine presented moderate or high risk in the river water downstream of the discharge. Albeit no acute toxicity was detected, more detailed studies should be carried out for these substances, including additional toxicological studies, to set up potential sublethal and chronic effects on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Lopez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - E Pitarch
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - A M Botero-Coy
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - D Fabregat-Safont
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - M Ibáñez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - J M Marin
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - A Peruga
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
| | - N Ontañón
- Drace Infraestructuras S.A, Av. del Camino de Santiago, 50, 28050 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Morcillo
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Olalla
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Y Valcárcel
- Group of Risks for the Environmental and Public Health (RiSAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933, Mostoles, Madrid, Spain; Medical Specialties and Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Varó
- Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Higher Council for Scientific Research (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castelló, Spain; Research Unit of Marine Ecotoxicology (IATS-IUPA), Ribera de Cabanes, S/N, 12595, Cabanes, Castelló, Spain
| | - F Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
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Nadal JC, Catalá-Icardo M, Borrull F, Herrero-Martínez JM, Marcé RM, Fontanals N. Weak anion-exchange mixed-mode materials to selectively extract acidic compounds by stir bar sorptive extraction from environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462748. [PMID: 34965484 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the first example of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based magnet coated with weak anion exchange (WAX) monolith as novel support for stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) is presented. Firstly, the PTFE magnets were properly modified and vinylized in order to immobilize polymer monoliths onto its surface. Then, a glycidyl methacrylate monolith was prepared and modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) to create weak anion exchanger via ring opening reaction of epoxy groups. The prepared covalently immobilized EDA-modified monoliths onto PTFE magnet exhibited good stability and reusability. Application of resulting material as stir bar for SBSE was investigated for a series of acidic compounds that includes acesulfame, saccharin, diclofenac or ibuprofen, among others as target compounds. Firstly, the SBSE conditions were optimized to promote the WAX interactions with the target compounds achieving recoveries from 37 to 75% and enable the selective extraction of these compounds as it provided values of% matrix effect from 17 to -13% when they were determined by SBSE followed by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. The analytical methodology, was then validated and applied for the determination of the target solutes in environmental water samples, which were found at concentration up to 2500 ng L-1 in river waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles Nadal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mónica Catalá-Icardo
- Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Campus de Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, Grao de Gandia, Valencia 46730, Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Núria Fontanals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Nadal JC, Dargo S, Borrull F, Cormack PAG, Fontanals N, Marcé RM. Hypercrosslinked polymer microspheres decorated with anion- and cation-exchange groups for the simultaneous solid-phase extraction of acidic and basic analytes from environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1661:462715. [PMID: 34871939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbents were introduced to improve the selectivity and retention of solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents. Mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbents integrate reversed-phase chemistry with ion-exchange groups to promote favourable interactions with ionic species. Nevertheless, a need to extract analytes with acidic and basic properties simultaneously within the same SPE cartridge led to the introduction of novel amphoteric/zwitterionic sorbents, which incorporate cation- and anion-exchange moieties within the same functional group attached to the polymeric network. In the present study, the development, preparation and SPE evaluation of two novel hypercrosslinked zwitterionic polymeric sorbents, functionalised with either strong anion-exchange (SAX) and weak cation-exchange (WCX) or weak anion-exchange (WAX) and strong cation-exchange (SCX) groups (namely HXLPP-SAX/WCX and the HXLPP-WAX/SCX), is presented for the simultaneous retention of acidic and basic compounds. The sorbents were prepared by a precipitation polymerisation route which yielded poly(divinylbenzene-co-vinylbenzylchloride) as a precursor polymer; subsequently, the precursor polymer was hypercrosslinked, to increase the specific surface areas and capacities of the sorbents, and then functionalised to impart the zwitterionic character. The HXLPP-SAX/WCX sorbent was decorated with quaternised sarcosine groups and the HXLPP-WAX/SCX sorbent was decorated with taurine moieties. The SPE parameters were optimised to exploit the ionic interactions between compounds and the functional groups. The optimal conditions involve a washing step to remove the compounds retained by hydrophobic interactions, thus increasing the selectivity. The optimised SPE protocol used the quaternised sarcosine-based sorbent followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, and was applied to determine compounds with acidic and basic properties from environmental samples, such as river water and effluent wastewater samples, with excellent selectivity and matrix effect values below -30% and apparent recovery results ranging from 52% to 105% for most of the compounds. The analytical method was validated for environmental water samples and used in the analysis of samples in which some of the target compounds were found at ng L-1 concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Carles Nadal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Stuart Dargo
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Peter A G Cormack
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Núria Fontanals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Marcé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sescelades Campus, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Wielens Becker R, Alves Jachstet L, Dallegrave A, Ruiz-Padillo A, Zanella R, Sirtori C. Multi-criteria decision-making techniques associated with (Q)SAR risk assessment for ranking surface water microcontaminants identified using LC-QTOF MS. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149002. [PMID: 34303982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been a focus of study for years, with investigations revealing the contamination of different environmental matrices (surface water, soil, air, and sediment) by diverse classes of microcontaminants. Understanding the contamination profiles requires identification and risk assessment of the microcontaminants. In the present work, analysis was made of the presence of 3250 compounds in 27 samples from the Conceição River (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil), using an SPE-LC-QTOF MS method. In total, 150 microcontaminants (confirmed and suspected) of different classes, especially pesticides and pharmaceuticals, were identified by an initial qualitative analysis. Subsequently, in silico predictions of eight endpoints, using quantitative structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) models, were employed to determine the risk of each previously screened microcontaminant. This large amount of (Q)SAR data, frequently with conflicting information in relation to the responses of the different endpoints, makes it difficult to define which microcontaminants should be prioritized for analysis. Therefore, in order to rank the identified microcontaminants by risk assessment, two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) ranking techniques (ToxPi and TOPSIS), associated with a weighting method, were performed to establish the order of priority for further quantitative analysis of the most hazardous microcontaminants. The two rankings were statistically similar, especially for the 20 highest priority microcontaminants. Nonetheless, sensitivity tests carried out for the ToxPi and TOPSIS outputs showed higher performance robustness of TOPSIS, compared to ToxPi. This is the first time that such an approach (screening/(Q)SAR/MCDM methods) has been performed in the context of microcontaminant environmental risk evaluation and demonstrated to be an available strategy to help rank the most concern microcontaminants identified in aqueous environment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Wielens Becker
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Alves Jachstet
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Dallegrave
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Padillo
- Mobility and Logistics Laboratory, Transportation Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Av., 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- Laboratório de Análises de Resíduos de Pesticidas (LARP) -Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla Sirtori
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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10
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Silori R, Tauseef SM. A Review of the Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Compounds as Emerging Contaminants in Treated Wastewater and Aquatic Environments. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412918666211119142030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
In recent years, pharmaceutical compounds have emerged as potential contaminants in
the aquatic matrices of the environment. High production, consumption, and limited removal
through conventional treatment processes/wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the major
causes for the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and aquatic environments
worldwide. A number of studies report adverse health effects and risks to aquatic life and the ecosystem because of the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the aquatic environment. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in treated
wastewater from various WWTPs, surface water and groundwater bodies. Additionally, this review
provides comprehensive information and pointers for research in wastewater treatment and waterbodies management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Silori
- HSE and Civil Engineering Department, UPES, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
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11
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Kreuzig R, Haller-Jans J, Bischoff C, Leppin J, Germer J, Mohr M, Bliedung A, Dockhorn T. Reclaimed water driven lettuce cultivation in a hydroponic system: the need of micropollutant removal by advanced wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:50052-50062. [PMID: 33945089 PMCID: PMC8445861 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
For a novel approach of resource-efficient water reuse, a municipal wastewater treatment plant was extended at pilot scale for advanced wastewater treatment, i.e., ozonation and biological activated carbon filtration, and a hydroponic system for reclaimed water driven lettuce cultivation. The treatment specific wastewater lines with the corresponding lettuce plants, differentiated into roots and shoots, were monitored for priority wastewater micropollutants, i.e., acesulfame (sweetener), caffeine (stimulant), carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole with acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (human pharmaceuticals), 1H-benzotriazole, and 4/5-methylbenzotriazole (industrial chemicals). As clearly demonstrated, conventional tertiary treatment could not efficiently clean up wastewater. Removal efficiencies ranged from 3% for carbamazepine to 100% for ibuprofen. The resulting pollution of the hydroponic water lines led to the accumulation of acesulfame, carbamazepine, and diclofenac in lettuce root systems at 32.0, 69.5, and 135 μg kg-1 and in the uptake of acesulfame and carbamazepine into lettuce shoots at 23.4 and 120 μg kg-1 dry weight, respectively. In contrast, both advanced treatment technologies when operating under optimized conditions achieved removal efficiencies of > 90% also for persistent micropollutants. Minimizing the pollution of reclaimed water thus met one relevant need for hydroponic lettuce cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kreuzig
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jaqueline Haller-Jans
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bischoff
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Johannes Leppin
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörn Germer
- Hans-Ruthenberg-Institut, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 13, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Mohr
- Bioprocess Engineering in Water Management and Circular Economy, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology, Nobelstraße 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexa Bliedung
- Institute of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstraße 2a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Dockhorn
- Institute of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstraße 2a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Ávila C, García-Galán MJ, Uggetti E, Montemurro N, García-Vara M, Pérez S, García J, Postigo C. Boosting pharmaceutical removal through aeration in constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125231. [PMID: 33550125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the removal efficiency of 13 wastewater-borne pharmaceuticals in a pilot constructed wetland (CW) operated under different aeration strategies (no aeration, intermittent and continuous). Aeration improved the removal of conventional wastewater parameters and the targeted micropollutants, compared to the non-aerated treatment. Reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) was slightly higher applying intermittent aeration than applying continuous aeration, the opposite was observed for the investigated pharmaceuticals. Seven targeted compounds were found in influent wastewater, and five of them (acetaminophen, diclofenac, ketoprofen, bezafibrate and gemfibrozil) were efficiently removed (> 83%) in the aerated systems. The overall risk of the investigated samples against aquatic ecosystems was moderate, decreasing in the order influent > no aeration > intermittent aeration > continuous aeration, based on the hazard quotient approach. Lorazepam, diclofenac and ketoprofen were the pharmaceuticals that could contribute the most to this potential environmental impact of the CW effluents after discharge. To the authors' knowledge this is the first sound study on the removal and fate of ketoprofen, bezafibrate, and lorazepam in aerated CWs, and provides additional evidence on the removal and fate of acetaminophen, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, and carbamazepine in this type of bioremediation systems at pilot plant scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ávila
- AIMEN Technology Center, c/ Relva, 27A - Torneiros, Pontevedra, 36410 Porriño, Spain; ICRA, Catalan Institute for Water Research, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit, 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - María Jesús García-Galán
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Manuel García-Vara
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA-Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, Barcelona 08034, Spain
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13
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Quality by design optimization of a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous analysis of structurally heterogeneous pharmaceutical compounds and its application to the rapid screening in wastewater and surface water samples by large volume direct injection. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1649:462225. [PMID: 34038785 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) optimization of the chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric detection of a wide group of structurally heterogeneous model pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) and transformation products (TPs), chosen to cover the challenging issues of the co-presence of compounds characterized by (i) a wide range of physicochemical properties, (ii) the same mass transitions, and (iii) different ionisation modes. Italian consumption of PhCs were also considered as election criteria of target analytes. Octadecyl and pentafluorophenyl stationary phases, acetonitrile/methanol ratios and acidity of the eluents, column temperature, initial organic phase percentage, and elution gradient were investigated by AQbD, aiming at optimizing critical resolutions, sensitivities, and analysis time. Statistically significant models were obtained in most cases with fitting and cross-validation coefficients in the ranges of 0.681-0.998 and 0.514-0.967, respectively. After optimization, the analysis of target analytes was performed in a single chromatographic run, adopting a mixed acquisition mode based on scheduled acquisition windows comprising both single polarity and continuous polarity switching. For most investigated analytes the method provided detection limits in the sub-ng/L to low ng/L range, meeting for macrolides the sensitivity requested by the "Watch List" 2018/840/EU. The optimized method was applied to the direct injection analysis of PhCs and TPs in four wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and surface water (SW) samples collected in the receiving water bodies. Absolute values of matrix effect were found to be far higher than 20% for most target analytes in most samples. Seventeen PhCs and two TPs were quantified in at least one sample, at the wide concentration range of about 1-3200 ng/L. The most occurring PhCs in both WWTP effluents and SWs were levofloxacin (202-1239 and 100-830 ng/L), furosemide (865-3234 and 230-880 ng/L), ketoprofen (295-1104 and 270-490 ng/L), and ibuprofen (886-3232 and 690-1440 ng/L).
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14
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García-Galán MJ, Matamoros V, Uggetti E, Díez-Montero R, García J. Removal and environmental risk assessment of contaminants of emerging concern from irrigation waters in a semi-closed microalgae photobioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110278. [PMID: 33038365 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficiency of a semi-closed, tubular, horizontal photobioreactor (PBR) to treat a mixture of irrigation and rural drainage water, focusing in the removal of different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and evaluating the environmental impact of the resulting effluent. Target CECs included pharmaceuticals, personal care products and flame retardants. Of the 13 compounds evaluated, 11 were detected in the feed water entering the PBR, and diclofenac (DCF) (1107 ng L-1) and N,N-diethyl-toluamide (DEET) (699 ng L-1) were those present at the greatest concentrations. The best removal efficiencies were achieved for the pharmaceuticals diazepam (94%), lorazepam (LZP) (83%) and oxazepam (OXA) (71%), and also for ibuprofen (IBU) (70%). For the rest of the CECs evaluated, attenuation was similar to that obtained after conventional wastewater treatment, ranging from basically no elimination (carbamazepine (CBZ) and tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)) to medium efficiencies (DCF and tributyl phosphate (TBP) (50%)). Environmental risk assessment based on hazard quotients (HQs) resulted in HQ values < 0.1 (no risk associated) for most of the compounds and most of the trophic levels considered. Values between 1 and 10 (moderate risk) were obtained for tonalide (AHTN) (fish) and CBZ (invertebrates). The most sensitive trophic level was green algae, whereas fish and aquatic plants were the most resilient. Our results suggest that microalgae-based treatments could become a green, cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment regarding the efficient elimination of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Jesús García-Galán
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Group of Environmental Pollution and Agriculture, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Díez-Montero
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan García
- GEMMA - Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Fonseca E, Hernández F, Ibáñez M, Rico A, Pitarch E, Bijlsma L. Occurrence and ecological risks of pharmaceuticals in a Mediterranean river in Eastern Spain. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106004. [PMID: 32745782 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are biologically active molecules that may exert toxic effects to a wide range of aquatic organisms. They are considered contaminants of emerging concern due to their common presence in wastewaters and in the receiving surface waters, and the lack of specific regulations to monitor their environmental occurrence and risks. In this work, the environmental exposure and risks of pharmaceuticals have been studied in the Mijares River, Eastern Mediterranean coast (Spain). A total of 57 surface water samples from 19 sampling points were collected in three monitoring campaigns between June 2018 and February 2019. A list of 40 compounds was investigated using a quantitative target UHPLC-MS/MS method. In order to complement the data obtained, a wide-scope screening of pharmaceuticals and metabolites was also performed by UHPLC-HRMS. The ecological risks posed by the pharmaceutical mixtures were evaluated using species sensitivity distributions built with chronic toxicity data for aquatic organisms. In this study, up to 69 pharmaceuticals and 9 metabolites were identified, out of which 35 compounds were assessed using the quantitative method. The highest concentrations in water corresponded to acetaminophen, gabapentin, venlafaxine, valsartan, ciprofloxacin and diclofenac. The compounds that were found to exert the highest toxic pressure on the aquatic ecosystems were principally analgesic/anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. These were: phenazone > azithromycin > diclofenac, and to a lower extent norfloxacin > ciprofloxacin > clarithromycin. The monitored pharmaceutical mixtures are expected to exert severe ecological risks in areas downstream of WWTP discharges, with the percentage of aquatic species affected ranging between 65% and 82% in 3 out of the 19 evaluated sites. In addition, five antibiotics were found to exceed antibiotic resistance thresholds, thus potentially contributing to resistance gene enrichment in environmental bacteria. This work illustrates the wide use and impact of pharmaceuticals in the area under study, and the vulnerability of surface waters if only conventional wastewater treatments are applied. Several compounds included in this study should be incorporated in future water monitoring programs to help in the development of future regulations, due to their potential risk to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Fonseca
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental (CICA), Universidad de Costa Rica, P.O. 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Félix Hernández
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - María Ibáñez
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Pitarch
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
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16
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Nadal JC, Borrull F, Furton KG, Kabir A, Fontanals N, Marcé RM. Selective monitoring of acidic and basic compounds in environmental water by capsule phase microextraction using sol-gel mixed-mode sorbents followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in tandem. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Zhang Y, Duan L, Wang B, Liu CS, Jia Y, Zhai N, Blaney L, Yu G. Efficient multiresidue determination method for 168 pharmaceuticals and metabolites: Optimization and application to raw wastewater, wastewater effluent, and surface water in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114113. [PMID: 32044613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
New analytical methods are needed to efficiently measure the growing list of priority pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. In this regard, a rapid, sensitive, and robust method was developed for quantitation of 168 pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The extraction protocol and instrumental efficiency were specifically addressed to increase analytical workload and throughput. The optimized protocols, which are five times more efficient than US EPA Method 1694, enabled analyte recoveries that ranged from 77% to 117% for 162 analytes with method quantitation limits (MQLs) as low as 0.1 ng L-1. To verify the suitability of the improved analytical method for environmental samples, 24-h composite samples of raw wastewater and wastewater effluent, along with downstream surface water, were analyzed. Overall, 143/168 target compounds were identified in at least one of the samples, and 130/168 analytes were present at concentrations above their MQLs. The total mass concentration of the measured analytes decreased by 93% during wastewater treatment. The analyte concentrations in the wastewater effluent were comparable to those measured in surface water 1 km downstream of the wastewater discharge point. Ultimately, the comprehensive method will serve as an important tool to inform the occurrence, fate, transport, and toxicity of a large suite of priority pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites in natural and engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Cristina Su Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanbo Jia
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd Beijing Branch Company, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Nannan Zhai
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd Beijing Branch Company, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lee Blaney
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21250, United States
| | - Gang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China
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18
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García-Galán MJ, Arashiro L, Santos LHMLM, Insa S, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Ferrer I, Garfí M. Fate of priority pharmaceuticals and their main metabolites and transformation products in microalgae-based wastewater treatment systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121771. [PMID: 32127240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the removal capacity of two high rate algae ponds (HRAPs) to eliminate 12 pharmaceuticals (PhACs) and 26 of their corresponding main metabolites and transformation products. The efficiency of these ponds, operating with and without primary treatment, was compared in order to study their capacity under the best performance conditions (highest solar irradiance). Concentrations of all the target compounds were determined in both water and biomass samples. Removal rates ranged from moderate (40-60 %) to high (>60 %) for most of them, with the exception of the psychiatric drugs carbamazepine, the β-blocking agent metoprolol and its metabolite, metoprolol acid. O-desmethylvenlafaxine, despite its very low biodegradability in conventional wastewater treatment plants, was removed to certain extent (13-39 %). Biomass concentrations suggested that bioadsorption/bioaccumulation to microalgae biomass was decisive regarding the elimination of non-biodegradable compounds such as venlafaxine and its main metabolites. HRAP treatment with and without primary treatment did not yield significant differences in terms of PhACs removal efficiency. The implementation of HRAPs as secondary treatment is a feasible alternative to CAS in terms of overall wastewater treatment, including organic micropollutants, with generally higher removal performances and implying a green, low-cost and more sustainable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús García-Galán
- GEMMA, Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Larissa Arashiro
- GEMMA, Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lúcia H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C. Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivet Ferrer
- GEMMA, Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Garfí
- GEMMA, Group of Environmental Engineering and Microbiology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Xie X, Huang S, Zheng J, Ouyang G. Trends in sensitive detection and rapid removal of sulfonamides: A review. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1634-1652. [PMID: 32043724 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamides in environmental water, food, and feed are a major concern for both aquatic ecosystems and public health, because they may lead to the health risk of drug resistance. Thus, numerous sensitive detection and rapid removal methodologies have been established. This review summarizes the sample preparation techniques and instrumental methods used for sensitive detection of sulfonamides. Additionally, adsorption and photocatalysis for the rapid removal of sulfonamides are also discussed. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on future sulfonamide analyses that have good performance, and on the basic methods for the rapid removal of sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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20
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Rogowska J, Cieszynska-Semenowicz M, Ratajczyk W, Wolska L. Micropollutants in treated wastewater. AMBIO 2020; 49:487-503. [PMID: 31292910 PMCID: PMC6965340 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Compounds such as pharmaceuticals, or personal care products are only partially removed in wastewater treatment processes. Large number of these compounds and their degradation products is out of any control. A small number of compounds are covered by legal regulations. Among the compounds non-regulated by law, the target compounds, as well as non-target compounds can be distinguished. In the scientific literature, number of reports on various target compounds' determination is increasingly growing. This paper provides an up-to-date review on micropollutants present in treated wastewater and their concentrations found in literature in the years 2015-2019. Because the obtained results of chemical analyses do not adequately reflect the risks to ecosystems and consequently humans, the results of chemical analyses have been supplemented by a review of ecotoxicological studies. In addition, legal issues linked to contamination of treated wastewater and research related to identification of non-target compounds in treated effluents have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Rogowska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Cieszynska-Semenowicz
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Ratajczyk
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Debowa Str. 23A, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland
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21
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Gorito AM, Barbosa MO, Almeida CMR, Pereira MFR, Silva AMT, Ribeiro ARL. Quenchers in advanced oxidation technologies for analysis of micropollutants by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry: Sodium sulphite or catalase? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:995-1004. [PMID: 31540003 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the possible effect of 2 quenchers commonly used in H2O2-based advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs), i.e. catalase and sodium sulphite (Na2SO3), on the analytical signal of 3 detectors coupled to liquid chromatography (LC): tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), fluorescence detection (LC-FD) and LC-diode array detection (LC-DAD). The observation of analytical interferences for a group of compounds when studying the removal by continuous mode UV/H2O2 of 26 micropollutants (MPs) from a spiked surface water (SW), for which the residual H2O2 in the samples was quenched by Na2SO3, triggered the need of understanding these effects and thus catalase was used as comparative quencher. From the 26 MPs having a wide range of polarity and pKa, those monitored after electrospray ionization (ESI) under positive ionization (PI) mode and presenting a pKa higher than 5.9 revealed a great signal suppression, but only when using Na2SO3 as H2O2 quencher. In this sense, we further explored this effect by selecting 2 MPs, metoprolol and diclofenac, which had respectively signal suppression and no interference in the LC-MS/MS response. These MPs were analysed before and after addition of H2O2 and catalase or Na2SO3 in reaction vials, using: (i) different detectors coupled to LC, namely LC-MS/MS with ESI under PI and negative ionization (NI) modes, LC-FD and LC-DAD; (ii) different environmental matrices (SW, drinking water, wastewater) and ultrapure water; and (iii) different magnitude levels (0.1-10 mg L-1). The results demonstrated a remarkable signal suppression in LC-MS/MS analyses under PI mode for those compounds with pKa higher than 5.9, confirming the interfering effect of H2O2/Na2SO3. To the best of our knowledge, the analytical interference in the LC-MS/MS analysis, after adding Na2SO3 to quench H2O2 in AOTs experiments was never reported before and the results presented herein support the recommendation to use catalase instead of Na2SO3 as quencher in AOTs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Gorito
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta O Barbosa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R L Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Wang D, Zhang X, Yan C. Occurrence and removal of sulfonamides and their acetyl metabolites in a biological aerated filter (BAF) of wastewater treatment plant in Xiamen, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33363-33372. [PMID: 31522397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most sulfonamides, widely used around the world, are excreted via feces and urine along with their metabolites in humans and animals. Therefore, understanding the potential removal pathway of sulfonamides and their metabolites in wastewater treatment systems is of importance. The occurrence and fate of four sulfonamides and their acetyl metabolites in wastewater and sludge in a biological aerated filter in Xiamen city were evaluated. Six of the target compounds were detected in wastewater, but only parent compounds were detected in sludge. The highest concentration in wastewater was acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (Ac-SMZ) with a concentration of 75.2 ng/L. Removal efficiency and mass load in wastewater treatment systems were calculated. In terms of the overall removal efficiency, they ranged from 24.4 to 100%. The removal efficiencies of sulfamerazine (SM1), sulfamethazine (SM2), and sulfadiazine (SD) were up to 100% while N-acetyl sulfamerazine (Ac-SM1) showed the lowest removal efficiency. Biodegradation was the dominant remove pathway according to the mass balance analysis while SD and SM2 were sludge adsorption. The results can provide an insight into the fate of target sulfonamides in BAF systems and provide data to assess their potential ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changzhou Yan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
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23
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Elpa DP, Prabhu GRD, Wu SP, Tay KS, Urban PL. Automation of mass spectrometric detection of analytes and related workflows: A review. Talanta 2019; 208:120304. [PMID: 31816721 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developments in mass spectrometry (MS) in the past few decades reveal the power and versatility of this technology. MS methods are utilized in routine analyses as well as research activities involving a broad range of analytes (elements and molecules) and countless matrices. However, manual MS analysis is gradually becoming a thing of the past. In this article, the available MS automation strategies are critically evaluated. Automation of analytical workflows culminating with MS detection encompasses involvement of automated operations in any of the steps related to sample handling/treatment before MS detection, sample introduction, MS data acquisition, and MS data processing. Automated MS workflows help to overcome the intrinsic limitations of MS methodology regarding reproducibility, throughput, and the expertise required to operate MS instruments. Such workflows often comprise automated off-line and on-line steps such as sampling, extraction, derivatization, and separation. The most common instrumental tools include autosamplers, multi-axis robots, flow injection systems, and lab-on-a-chip. Prototyping customized automated MS systems is a way to introduce non-standard automated features to MS workflows. The review highlights the enabling role of automated MS procedures in various sectors of academic research and industry. Examples include applications of automated MS workflows in bioscience, environmental studies, and exploration of the outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decibel P Elpa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Kheng Soo Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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24
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de Araujo FG, Bauerfeldt GF, Marques M, Martins EM. Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for the Detection and Quantification of Bromazepam, Clonazepam and Diazepam by UPLC-MS/MS in Surface Water. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:362-366. [PMID: 31104081 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical methods capable of determining micropollutants is essential for quality control of drinking water. Benzodiazepines, a class of pharmaceuticals with anxiolytic properties, have received increasing attention as micropollutants. The purpose of this study was to develop an analytical method for determination of three benzodiazepine drugs (bromazepam, clonazepam and diazepam) in surface water. For the extraction of the matrix analytes, SPE cartridges (C18, 500 mg/3 mL) were used. The method was validated according to the quality criteria of the USEPA 8000D Validation Guide. The developed and validated method showed recovery values between 57 and 100%, RSD < 20% and R2 > 0.9949. LD ranged between 2.70 and 5.00 ng L-1 for bromazepam and clonazepam respectively whereas LQ was 0.01 μg L-1 for all analytes. The matrix affected the signal intensity of clonazepam thus evidencing the matrix effect by analysis statistic (F test).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Goytacazes de Araujo
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Industrial Chemistry Department, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo (IFES), Av. Moroba, 248, Moroba, Aracruz, ES, 29192-733, Brazil.
| | - Glauco Favilla Bauerfeldt
- Chemistry Institute, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia Marques
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Monteiro Martins
- Post-Graduation Program in Chemistry (PPGQ), UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), R. São Francisco Xavier, 524, CEP, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-900, Brazil
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25
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Hernández F, Bakker J, Bijlsma L, de Boer J, Botero-Coy AM, Bruinen de Bruin Y, Fischer S, Hollender J, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Lamoree M, López FJ, Laak TLT, van Leerdam JA, Sancho JV, Schymanski EL, de Voogt P, Hogendoorn EA. The role of analytical chemistry in exposure science: Focus on the aquatic environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:564-583. [PMID: 30726704 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure science, in its broadest sense, studies the interactions between stressors (chemical, biological, and physical agents) and receptors (e.g. humans and other living organisms, and non-living items like buildings), together with the associated pathways and processes potentially leading to negative effects on human health and the environment. The aquatic environment may contain thousands of compounds, many of them still unknown, that can pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. Due to the unquestionable importance of the aquatic environment, one of the main challenges in the field of exposure science is the comprehensive characterization and evaluation of complex environmental mixtures beyond the classical/priority contaminants to new emerging contaminants. The role of advanced analytical chemistry to identify and quantify potential chemical risks, that might cause adverse effects to the aquatic environment, is essential. In this paper, we present the strategies and tools that analytical chemistry has nowadays, focused on chromatography hyphenated to (high-resolution) mass spectrometry because of its relevance in this field. Key issues, such as the application of effect direct analysis to reduce the complexity of the sample, the investigation of the huge number of transformation/degradation products that may be present in the aquatic environment, the analysis of urban wastewater as a source of valuable information on our lifestyle and substances we consumed and/or are exposed to, or the monitoring of drinking water, are discussed in this article. The trends and perspectives for the next few years are also highlighted, when it is expected that new developments and tools will allow a better knowledge of chemical composition in the aquatic environment. This will help regulatory authorities to protect water bodies and to advance towards improved regulations that enable practical and efficient abatements for environmental and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat S/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - J Bakker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - L Bijlsma
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat S/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - J de Boer
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A M Botero-Coy
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat S/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Y Bruinen de Bruin
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate E - Space, Security and Migration, Italy
| | - S Fischer
- Swedish Chemicals Agency (KEMI), P.O. Box 2, SE-172 13, Sundbyberg, Sweden
| | - J Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Kasprzyk-Hordern
- University of Bath, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - M Lamoree
- Vrije Universiteit, Department Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081, HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F J López
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat S/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - T L Ter Laak
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - J A van Leerdam
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - J V Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat S/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - E L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - P de Voogt
- KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Chemical Water Quality and Health, P.O. Box 1072, 3430, BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090, GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E A Hogendoorn
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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26
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Llorca M, Castellet-Rovira F, Farré MJ, Jaén-Gil A, Martínez-Alonso M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sarrà M, Barceló D. Fungal biodegradation of the N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:346-356. [PMID: 30577003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs such as Venlafaxine (VFX) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODMVFX) are emerging contaminants that are commonly detected in aquatic environments, since conventional wastewater treatment plants are unable to completely remove them. They can be precursors of hazardous by-products, such as the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), generated upon water chlorination, as they contain the dimethylamino moiety, necessary for the formation of NDMA. In this study, the capability of three white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus) to remove both antidepressants from water and to decrease NDMA formation potential was investigated. Furthermore, transformation by-products (TPs) generated along the treatment process were elucidated and also correlated with their NDMA formation potential. Very promising results were obtained for T. versicolor and G. lucidum, both being able to remove up to 100% of ODMVFX. In the case of VFX, which is very recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment, a 70% of removal was achieved by T. versicolor, along with a reduction in NDMA formation potential, thus decreasing the associated problems for human health and the environment. However, the NDMA formation potential remained practically constant during treatment with G. lucidum despite of the equally high VFX removal (70%). This difference was attributed to the generation of different TPs during both fungal treatments. For example, G. lucidum generated more ODMVFX, which actually has a higher NDMA formation potential than the parent compound itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llorca
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Castellet-Rovira
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María-José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Adrián Jaén-Gil
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Maira Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Sarrà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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He K, Yonetani T, Asada Y, Echigo S, Itoh S. Simultaneous determination of carbamazepine-N-glucuronide and carbamazepine phase I metabolites in the wastewater by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Botero-Coy AM, Martínez-Pachón D, Boix C, Rincón RJ, Castillo N, Arias-Marín LP, Manrique-Losada L, Torres-Palma R, Moncayo-Lasso A, Hernández F. 'An investigation into the occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals in Colombian wastewater'. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 642:842-853. [PMID: 30045524 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the presence of 20 pharmaceuticals in wastewater from Colombia is investigated. Several widely consumed compounds have been detected in wastewater samples from different origins and geographical areas in Colombia. The studied pharmaceuticals included antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatories, cholesterol lowering statin drugs, lipid regulators, and anti-depressants. The investigated samples were urban wastewater collected during one whole week before (influent) and after treatment (effluent) in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Bogotá and Medellin. Raw wastewater from the Hospital of Tumaco and from the city of Florencia were also collected. Analyses performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that most of the target analytes were present in all the wastewater samples. The highest concentrations (up to 50 μg/L) corresponded to acetaminophen, but several antibiotics, such as azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, and antihypertensive drugs, such as losartan and valsartan, were commonly present in influent wastewater (IWW) at levels above 1 μg/L. Moreover, the treatment applied in WWTPs seemed to not efficiently remove the compounds under study, because most pharmaceuticals were also present in effluent wastewater (EWW) at concentrations close to those of the IWW. Special emphasis was made in this work on the quality of data reported, performing a detailed study of quality control (QC) samples. The analytical approach used -direct injection of 5-fold diluted samples without any additional treatment - is simpler and faster than the commonly applied solid phase extraction (SPE). The use of 12 isotope-labelled internal standards ensured the satisfactory correction of matrix effects for the corresponding analytes. For the remaining 8 compounds, no drastic matrix effects were observed, and only four compounds (cloxacillin, doxycycline, losartan, tetracycline) presented QC recoveries near or slightly below 60%, revealing ionization suppression, particularly in the IWW. Data on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals reported in this paper are the basis for current studies that aim to develop efficient systems for the degradation/removal of these compounds from the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Botero-Coy
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - D Martínez-Pachón
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - C Boix
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - R J Rincón
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - N Castillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - L P Arias-Marín
- Grupo Bioprocesos Microbianos (Biomicro), Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L Manrique-Losada
- Grupo de Investigación en Materiales, Ambiente y Desarrollo (MADE), Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Colombia
| | - R Torres-Palma
- Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Moncayo-Lasso
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - F Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
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Abril C, Martín J, Malvar JL, Santos JL, Aparicio I, Alonso E. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a new clean-up procedure for the determination of parabens, perfluorinated compounds, UV filters, biocides, surfactants, and plasticizers in root vegetables. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5155-5163. [PMID: 29947903 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1165-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) clean-up has been developed and validated for the determination of 31 emerging pollutants in root vegetables. The target compounds were four preservatives, six perfluoroalkyl compounds, six UV filters, two biocides, eight anionic surfactants, three nonionic surfactants, and two plasticizers. The type and volume of the extraction solvent, those of the disperser solvent, the pH and NaCl content of the DLLME aqueous phase, the amount of sample, and the sonication time were optimized. Box-Behnken experimental design was applied to select the best extraction conditions. Matrix-matched calibration curves were used for quantification. Four internal standards were used to compensate for residual matrix effects. Good linearity (R2 > 0.990), accuracies (expressed as the relative recovery) of >82%, and precisions (expressed as the relative standard deviation) of <18% were achieved. Method quantification limits (MQLs), calculated from spiked samples as the concentrations corresponding to signal-to-noise ratios of 10, were in the range 0.1-25 ng g-1 dry weight (d.w.). MQL values for 26 of the 31 target compounds were lower than 5 ng g-1 d.w. The method was successfully applied to determine the target pollutants in carrots, potatoes, and turnips from a local market. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed method constitutes the first application of DLLME as a clean-up procedure for the multiresidue determination of emerging pollutants in vegetables. The method affords similar recoveries and method detection limits to previously reported methods but requires smaller solvent volumes and sample amounts and is less expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Abril
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Julia Martín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Malvar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Seville, Spain.
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Seville, C/ Virgen de África, 7, 41011, Seville, Spain
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30
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Gusmaroli L, Insa S, Petrovic M. Development of an online SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS method for the multiresidue analysis of the 17 compounds from the EU "Watch list". Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4165-4176. [PMID: 29691601 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, the quality of aquatic ecosystems has been threatened by increasing levels of pollutions, caused by the discharge of man-made chemicals, both via accidental release of pollutants as well as a consequence of the constant outflow of inadequately treated wastewater effluents. For this reason, the European Union is updating its legislations with the aim of limiting the release of emerging contaminants. The Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/495 published in March 2015 drafts a "Watch list" of compounds to be monitored Europe-wide. In this study, a methodology based on online solid-phase extraction (SPE) ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of the 17 compounds listed therein. The proposed method offers advantages over already available methods, such as versatility (all 17 compounds can be analyzed simultaneously), shorter time required for analysis, robustness, and sensitivity. The employment of online sample preparation minimized sample manipulation and reduced dramatically the sample volume needed and time required, dramatically the sample volume needed and time required, thus making the analysis fast and reliable. The method was successfully validated in surface water and influent and effluent wastewater. Limits of detection ranged from sub- to low-nanogram per liter levels, in compliance with the EU limits, with the only exception of EE2. Graphical abstract Schematic of the workflow for the analysis of the Watch list compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Gusmaroli
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, c/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Insa
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, c/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, H2O Building, c/ Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain. .,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Hou X, Lu X, Niu P, Tang S, Wang L, Guo Y. β-Cyclodextrin-modified three-dimensional graphene oxide-wrapped melamine foam for the solid-phase extraction of flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2207-2213. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiudan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Panhong Niu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Sheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Licheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Lanzhou P. R. China
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Serra-Compte A, Corcoll N, Huerta B, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sabater S, Barceló D, Álvarez-Muñoz D. Fluvial biofilms exposed to desiccation and pharmaceutical pollution: New insights using metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1382-1388. [PMID: 29054673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In many arid and semi-arid systems, biological communities in river ecosystems are submitted to flow interruption and desiccation, as well as to the impact of urban wastewaters. In this work, we studied (using a LC-LTQ-Orbitrap) the metabolomic response of biofilm communities exposed to both hydrological and chemical stressors. Fluvial biofilms were exposed to a mixture of 9 pharmaceuticals at a total concentration of 5000ng/L (mimicking concentrations and compounds found in polluted aquatic environments) and/or to seven days of desiccation, under laboratory conditions. The biosynthesis of fatty acids was the main metabolic pathway disrupted in biofilms. Endogenous biofilm's metabolites (metabolome) altered due to these stressors were identified. The metabolites that significantly changed only due to one of the stressors could be proposed as potential specific biomarkers. A biomarker of pharmaceutical exposure was the lysophosphatidic acid, which decreased a 160%, while for desiccation stearidonic acid (increased 160%), 16-Oxohexadecanoic acid (increased 340%) and palmitoleic acid (decreased 290%) were the biomarkers proposed. Besides, other metabolites showed different responses depending on the treatment, such as palmitic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid and azelaic acid. The Carbon:Phosphorus (C:P) molar ratio increased due to all stress factors, whereas the algal community composition changed mainly due to desiccation. A possible relationship between those changes observed in structural parameters and the metabolome of biofilms was explored. Overall, our findings support the use of metabolomics to unravel at molecular level the effects from chemical and physical stressors on complex microbial communities, such as biofilms, and pinpoint biomarkers of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serra-Compte
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Natàlia Corcoll
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Department Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belinda Huerta
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Álvarez-Muñoz
- ICRA-Catalan Institute for Water Research, H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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33
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Aparicio I, Martín J, Abril C, Santos JL, Alonso E. Determination of household and industrial chemicals, personal care products and hormones in leafy and root vegetables by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1533:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Garcia-Galan MJ, Sordet M, Buleté A, Garric J, Vulliet E. Evaluation of the influence of surfactants in the bioaccumulation kinetics of sulfamethoxazole and oxazepam in benthic invertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 592:554-564. [PMID: 28342560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The potential ecotoxicological effects of mixtures of contaminants in the aquatic environment are generating a global concern. Benthic invertebrates, such as the crustacean Gammarus fossarum, are key in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and are frequently used as sentinel species of water quality status. The aim of this work was to study the effects of a mixture of the most frequently detected surfactants in the bioconcentration kinetics of two pharmaceuticals in G. fossarum, evaluating their potential enhancing or suppressing effects. Laboratory exposure experiments for both pharmaceuticals and surfactants (concentration ratio 1:25) were set up for two individual compounds, the anxiolytic oxazepam and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Gammarid samples were processed using microQuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction. Pharmaceuticals concentration in the organisms was followed-up by means of nanoliquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Results indicated a similar mode of action of the surfactants in the bioconcentration kinetics of both drugs, decreasing the accumulation rate in the organism. Oxazepam showed a higher accumulation potential than sulfamethoxazole in all cases. Depuration experiments for oxazepam also demonstrated the high depurative capacity of gammarids, eliminating >50% of the concentration of oxazepam in <6h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Garcia-Galan
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; GEMMA, Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, c/ Jordi Girona 1-3, building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Martin Sordet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Audrey Buleté
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université Lyon1, ENS-Lyon. 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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35
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Fernández P, González M, Regenjo M, Ares A, Fernández A, Lorenzo R, Carro A. Analysis of drugs of abuse in human plasma using microextraction by packed sorbents and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1485:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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