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Shi DY, Zheng Y, Guo QS, Gong C, Xu X, Gao JP. Determination of total phenol and six polyphenolic components in the polyphenol extract of Cinnamomi cortex by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6561-6570. [PMID: 38009205 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01501g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) method was established for determining the total phenol and six polyphenolic components in the polyphenol extract of Cinnamomi cortex. The qNMR approach utilized DMSO-d6 as the deuterated solvent and potassium hydrogen phthalate as the internal standard for quantifying the total phenolic content, expressed as epicatechin equivalence in the sample. Two complementary qNMR methods with DMSO-d6 or D2O as solvent were established to simultaneously determine 6 polyphenol components in the cinnamon polyphenol extract, including epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epicatechingallate (ECG), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and gallic acid (GA). Method validation demonstrated excellent precision with intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) below 1.08% and interday RSD below 1.48%. The linear correlation coefficient (r) exceeded 0.999, and the limits of detection (LOD) were from 0.01 to 0.14 mg mL-1, while the limits of quantification (LOQ) were from 0.07 to 0.69 mg mL-1. Recovery rates for this method fell within the range of 98.2% to 101.7%. Furthermore, the method has been successfully applied for determining the polyphenolic content in authentic cinnamon polyphenol extracts obtained from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Shi
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Yu Zheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Qiang-Sheng Guo
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Can Gong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Jian-Ping Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Bara‐Estaún A, Harder MC, Lyall CL, Lowe JP, Suturina E, Hintermair U. Paramagnetic Relaxation Agents for Enhancing Temporal Resolution and Sensitivity in Multinuclear FlowNMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300215. [PMID: 36946535 PMCID: PMC10962566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity in FlowNMR spectroscopy for reaction monitoring often suffers from low levels of pre-magnetisation due to limited residence times of the sample in the magnetic field. While this in-flow effect is tolerable for high sensitivity nuclei such as 1 H and 19 F, it significantly reduces the signal-to-noise ratio in 31 P and 13 C spectra, making FlowNMR impractical for low sensititvity nuclei at low concentrations. Paramagnetic relaxation agents (PRAs), which enhance polarisation and spin-lattice relaxation, could eliminate the adverse in-flow effect and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Herein, [Co(acac)3 ], [Mn(acac)3 ], [Fe(acac)3 ], [Cr(acac)3 ], [Ni(acac)2 ]3, [Gd(tmhd)3 ] and [Cr(tmhd)3 ] are investigated for their effectiveness in improving signal intensity per unit time in FlowNMR applications under the additional constraint of chemical inertness towards catalytically active transition metal complexes. High-spin Cr(III) acetylacetonates emerged as the most effective compounds, successfully reducing 31 P T1 values four- to five-fold at PRA concentrations as low as 10 mM without causing adverse line broadening. Whereas [Cr(acac)3 ] showed signs of chemical reactivity with a mixture of triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine oxide and triphenylphosphate over the course of several hours at 80° C, the bulkier [Cr(tmhd)3 ] was stable and equally effective as a PRA under these conditions. Compatibility with a range of representative transition metal complexes often used in homogeneous catalysis has been investigated, and application of [Cr(tmhd)3 ] in significantly improving 1 H and 31 P{1 H} FlowNMR data quality in a Rh-catalysed hydroformylation reaction has been demonstrated. With the PRA added, 13 C relaxation times were reduced more than six-fold, allowing quantitative reaction monitoring of substrate consumption and product formation by 13 C{1 H} FlowNMR spectroscopy at natural abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bara‐Estaún
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Marie C. Harder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine L. Lyall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - John P. Lowe
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizaveta Suturina
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Dynamic Reaction Monitoring FacilityUniversity of Bath, Claverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
- Institute for SustainabilityUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
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Song CH, Jia W, Liu CM, Hua ZD, Meng X, Zhao YB, Li T, Cai LS, Zhao X. New trends of new psychoactive substances (NPS)-infused chocolate: Identification and quantification of trace level of NPS in complex matrix by GC-MS and NMR. Talanta 2023; 255:124257. [PMID: 36630788 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the identification and quantification of trace level of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in a complex chocolate matrix have been reported. Since the beginning of 2022, suspected NPS-infused chocolate samples confiscated in inbound packages have been continuously sent to our laboratory for analysis. The qualitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results were verified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and 19F NMR to distinguish between potential aromatic isomers. A total of 11 NPS including deoxymethoxetamine, 3-OH-PCP, 6-APB, 4-APB, 4-OH-MiPT, 3-FEA, 2-FEA, 3-MMC, bromazolam, 2-FDCK, and ADB-BUTINACA were detected in 65 seized chocolate samples. A general 1H quantitative NMR (1H qNMR) method for quantification of 297 types of NPS in complex chocolate matrixes was devised for the first time after rigorous analysis of various critical features of merit, including suitable deuterated solvent, internal standard, quantitative peaks, and instrument acquisition parameters. Validation of the method using six different types of NPS afforded limits of detection of 0.05-0.1 mg/mL, limits of quantification of 0.01-0.03 mg/mL, repeatability and reproducibility lower than 0.5% and 3.6%, recoveries of 91.7%∼104.4%, and absence of matrix effect. The quantitative analysis of 65 seized chocolate samples by 1H qNMR and 19F qNMR showed that the content of NPS was in the range of 0.5 mg/g∼44.1 mg/g. Generally, the developed qNMR method was simple, fast, precise, and can be performed without reference materials of NPS. Since the type and content of NPS are relatively random, chocolate consumers will face huge health risks. Therefore, this new trend of NPS-infused chocolate deserves and requires more attention from national NPS monitoring departments as well as forensic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Song
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P.R.C.; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China; Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cui-Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P.R.C.; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China; Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhen-Dong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P.R.C.; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China; Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P.R.C.; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China; Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan-Biao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P.R.C.; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China; Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, P.R.C.; National Anti-Drug Laboratory of China; Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Le-Si Cai
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing, 100101, China
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qNMR as an analytical technique for essential oils: quantitative analysis of Eucalyptus tereticornis leaf oil. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Li C, Li J, Lai J, Liu Y. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of esculin: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2434-2448. [PMID: 35599456 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐xiao Li
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jing‐chun Li
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jiang Lai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery Third People's Hospital of Chengdu Chengdu China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Dermatology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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Zhao J, Wang M, Saroja SG, Khan IA. NMR technique and methodology in botanical health product analysis and quality control. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 207:114376. [PMID: 34656935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Botanicals have played an important role in maintaining human health and well-being throughout history. During the past few decades in particular, the use of botanical health products has gained more popularity. Whereas, quality, safety and efficacy concerns have continuously been critical issues due to the intrinsic chemical complexity of botanicals. Chemical analytical technologies play an imperative role in addressing these issues. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful and useful tool for the investigation of botanical health products. In this review, NMR techniques and methodologies that have been successfully applied to the research and development of botanical health products in all stages, from plants to products, are discussed and summarized. Furthermore, applications of NMR together with other analytical techniques in a variety of domains of botanical health products investigation, such as plant species differentiation, adulteration detection, and bio-activity evaluation, are discussed and illustrated with typical examples. This article provides an overview of the potential uses of NMR techniques and methodologies in an attempt to further promote their recognition and utilization in the field of botanical health products analysis and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Mei Wang
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Seethapathy G Saroja
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research (NCNPR), School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Owczarek A, Kołodziejczyk-Czepas J, Marczuk P, Siwek J, Wąsowicz K, Olszewska MA. Bioactivity Potential of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Flower: Phytochemical Profile, Antiradical Capacity and Protective Effects on Human Plasma Components under Oxidative/Nitrative Stress In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121301. [PMID: 34959702 PMCID: PMC8706066 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) flower is a traditional medicine applied to alleviate symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). However, its flavonoid-based composition has not been sufficiently recognized, and the data supporting its traditional application are lacking. In the work, 43 constituents were detected by UHPLC-PDA-ESI-TQ-MS/MS (flavonoids, phenolic acids, flavanols, and coumarins), including 31 reported in the flower for the first time. The quantitative HPLC-PDA study (developed and validated for quality control purposes) indicated the fractionated extraction as an efficient method for enhancing the total polyphenol content (TPHC) in the extracts (up to 414.06 mg/g) and kaempferol glycosides as their dominant constituents (75.05-82.14% TPHC). The activity studies showed significant scavenging properties of the extracts and their constituents towards reactive oxygen species (especially against highly reactive hydroxyl radical, with capacities up to 7.85 mmol ascorbic acid equivalents/g). Moreover, the analytes relevantly protected human plasma biomolecules from peroxynitrite-induced oxidative/nitrative damage; at 1-50 µg/mL, they hindered the protein nitration and lipid peroxidation, decreasing the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (by up to 50%) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (by up to 70%), respectively. The extracts also averted the depletion of plasma thiols (by up to 67%) and improved the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of plasma. The demonstrated mechanisms might be partly responsible for the efficacy of the flower in CVI. Additionally, the anti-aggregatory and anticoagulant properties of the extracts were found only mild or negligible, which suggests that they may be safely applied with drugs impacting the coagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (M.A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Kołodziejczyk-Czepas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.-C.); (P.M.)
| | - Paulina Marczuk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (J.K.-C.); (P.M.)
| | - Julia Siwek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Wąsowicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Monika Anna Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (M.A.O.)
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Multinuclear NMR screening of pharmaceuticals using standardization by 2H integral of a deuterated solvent. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114530. [PMID: 34915326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NMR standardization approach that uses the 2H integral of deuterated solvent for quantitative multinuclear analysis of pharmaceuticals is described. As a proof of principle, the existing NMR procedure for the analysis of heparin products according to US Pharmacopeia monograph is extended to the determination of Na+ and Cl- content in this matrix. Quantification is performed based on the ratio of a 23Na (35Cl) NMR integral and 2H NMR signal of deuterated solvent, D2O, acquired using the specific spectrometer hardware. As an alternative, the possibility of 133Cs standardization using the addition of Cs2CO3 stock solution is shown. Validation characteristics (linearity, repeatability, sensitivity) are evaluated. A holistic NMR profiling of heparin products can now also be used for the quantitative determination of inorganic compounds in a single analytical run using a single sample. In general, the new standardization methodology provides an appealing alternative for the NMR screening of inorganic and organic components in pharmaceutical products.
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Yin T, Lu J, Liu Q, Zhu G, Zhang W, Jiang Z. Validated Quantitative 1H NMR Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Indole Alkaloids in Uncaria rhynchophylla. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31810-31817. [PMID: 34870003 PMCID: PMC8638010 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis, known as "Gou-Teng" in Chinese, is derived mainly from the dried hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla. Quantitative determination of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids is critical for controlling its quality. In the present study, a rapid, accurate, and precise method was developed for the simultaneous quantitation of four characteristic components, namely, rhynchophylline (1), isorhynchophylline (2), corynoxeine (3), and isocorynoxeine (4), through 1H NMR spectrometry techniques. This method was performed on a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer with optimized acquisition parameters for performing quantitative experiments within 14 min. The highly deshielded signal of NH was at δH 10-11 in the aprotic solvent DMSO-d 6, which enables satisfactory separation of the signals to be integrated. Validation of the quantitative method was also performed in terms of specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The method is linear in the concentration range of 25-400 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantification is 25 μg/mL. The intra- and interday relative standard deviation across three validation runs over the entire concentration range is less than 2.51%. The accuracy determined at three concentrations was within ±4.4% in terms of relative error. The proposed qNMR method was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for quantifying the alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) due to its unique advantages of high precision, rapid analysis, and nonrequirement of standard compounds for calibration curve preparation. Moreover, qNMR represents a feasible alternative to high-performance liquid chromatography-based methods for the quality control of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianpeng Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
- Faculty
of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Jingguang Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Guoyuan Zhu
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
| | - Zhihong Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute
for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau, China
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Khalil A, Kashif M. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Quantitative Analysis: A Review for Its Application in the Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Domains. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:997-1011. [PMID: 34752175 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a rapid and accurate analytical tool for qualification and quantification. The capacity of NMR of being quantitative can also justify the calibration of other analytical methods. In pharmaceutical domain, quantitative NMR (qNMR) can be applied in the identification and quantification of drug simultaneously. The early drug development stage requires a minimum sample for analysis. Thus, priority should be given to utilize this technique to attain results with least investment, rapid analysis time and minimum sample consumption. This technique is a significant phenomenon to identify impurities, drug substance, residual solvents of in-process control (IPC) samples and characterizing the formulations. From an analyst's perspective, qNMR proved to be a routine practice in pharmaceutical industry to qualify any drug product. The absolute and relative methods offer great help in quantifying the component of interest in the process control samples and finished products. This review highlights the evolution of NMR application in the pharmaceutical industry, where determining the purity of drug substance, drug product and establishing the identity of impurities and its level are the challenging aspects. NMR in medicinal field emerging as a numero uno for Covid-19 severity detection and its dire consequences, accelerated vaccine development and the mapping of SAR-COV-2 RNA and proteins via chemical shift assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Khalil
- Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif
- Analytical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Suzuki R, Kasuya Y, Sano A, Tomita J, Maruyama T, Kitamura M. Comparison of various commercially available cinnamon barks using NMR metabolomics and the quantification of coumarin by quantitative NMR methods. J Nat Med 2021; 76:87-93. [PMID: 34357482 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cinnamon bark is an important spice worldwide. In this study, the chemical diversity of various commercially available cinnamon barks that differed in their production areas and utility applications (culinary spice or medicines) were investigated by the use of 1H NMR metabolomics. Our results indicated that principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the 1H NMR spectra of the cinnamon bark methanolic extracts including the deduction of their species by nucleotide sequence analysis enabled differentiation of the cinnamon barks according to their species, production areas and utility applications. The constituents of Vietnam cinnamon were found to differ significantly from the other samples investigated based on PCA score plots and HCA constellation dendrograms. Coumarin was found to be a key compound for the discrimination of Vietnamese cinnamon by multivariate analysis of the 1H NMR spectral data and direct comparison of the 1H NMR spectra. In addition, coumarin was quantified using quantitative NMR methods. As a result, coumarin was contained in Vietnamese cinnamon at a higher level compared to other cinnamons. This study indicated that 1H NMR metabolomics could deduce spices, utility, and producing area of commercially available cinnamon barks. Furthermore, combining quantitative 1H NMR methods with 1H NMR metabolomics enable quantification of coumarin in cinnamon bark on a single measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kasuya
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Aiko Sano
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Junki Tomita
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
| | - Takuro Maruyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Masashi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama, 350-0295, Japan
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Feng Y, Li Q, Yang L, Zhang Y, Qiu D. The Use of 1H-qNMR Method for Simultaneous Determination of Osthol, Columbianadin, and Isoimperatorin in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:851-856. [PMID: 33241377 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsz031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to establish a method to identify and quantify the main active components in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix (APR) quickly, simply, and accurately. This paper reports a novel method which can determine osthol, isoimperatorin, and columbianadin using 1H-qNMR simultaneously and quantitatively. METHODS In comprehensive consideration of resolution of target signals and the solubility of materials, dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) was selected as an optimal 1H-qNMR solvent and pyrazine was used as internal standard substance (δ8.66 ppm). The quantitative peaks of three active components were determined using specific 1H resonances at δ7.54-7.56 ppm for osthol, δ6.83-6.85 ppm for columbianadin, and δ6.31-6.32 ppm for isoimperatorin. RESULTS The results show that the method has good precision, stability, and repeatability. The content of APR plant material from Huating is 9.8 mg/g, 5.6 mg/g, and 15.6 mg/g for osthol, columbianadin, and isoimperatorin, respectively. Furthermore, the experimental process is simple and the test time is short (1 min). CONCLUSIONS The proposed quantitative 1H-qNMR methodology can be used for the quality control of APR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Feng
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Lan Yang
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Daiyu Qiu
- Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
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Potential Activity Mechanisms of Aesculus hippocastanum Bark: Antioxidant Effects in Chemical and Biological In Vitro Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070995. [PMID: 34206691 PMCID: PMC8300635 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Aesculus hippocastanum is an herbal remedy used in conditions connected with vascular insufficiency; however, there is a lack of data concerning its mechanisms of action. The present work is a preliminary investigation into some of the potential directions of the bark activity. The phytochemically (qualitative UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS and quantitative UHPLC-PDA assays) characterized extract and its four main constituents (esculin, fraxin, (‒)-epicatechin and procyanidin A2) were first evaluated in terms of their antioxidant capacity. All analytes demonstrated dose-dependent scavenging potential towards the most common in vivo oxidants, with particularly advantageous capacity of the extract and its flavan-3-ol constituents against peroxynitrite (3.37–13.26 mmol AA/g), hydroxyl radical (5.03–8.91 mmol AA/g) and superoxide radical (3.50–5.50 mmol AA/g). Moreover, even at low concentrations (1–5 µg/mL), they protected components of human plasma against oxidative damage inflicted by peroxynitrite, preventing oxidation of plasma protein thiols and diminishing the tyrosine nitration and lipid peroxidation. High efficiency of the analytes was also demonstrated in preventing the peroxynitrite-induced nitrative changes of fibrinogen (up to 80% inhibition for (‒)-epicatechin at 50 µg/mL), an important protein of coagulation cascade. Additionally, the extract and its constituents had, at most, moderate inhibitory activity towards platelet aggregation induced by ADP and only negligible influence on clotting times. The results show that, among the investigated properties, the antioxidant activity might, to the highest extent, be responsible for the bark efficacy in vascular disorders, thus supporting its application in those conditions; they also indicate the directions for future research that would allow for better understanding of the bark activity.
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Graphene Assisted in the Analysis of Coumarins in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with 1H-qNMR. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092416. [PMID: 33919230 PMCID: PMC8122450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The content of active components in traditional Chinese medicine is relatively small, and it is difficult to detect some trace components with modern analytical instruments, so good pretreatment and extraction are very important in the experiment. Graphene was introduced by a dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) with graphene/1-dodecyl alcohol used as the extractant, and this method, combined with quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-qNMR), was used to simultaneously qualitative and quantitative osthole, columbianadin and isoimperatorin in Angelicae Pubescentis Radix. In this experiment, a magnetic stirrer was used for extraction, all NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Advance III 600 MHz spectrometer with dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) as deuterated solvent and pyrazine as the internal standard. The influencing factors and NMR parameters in the extraction process were investigated and optimized. In addition, the methodology of the established method was also examined. The quantitative signals of osthole, columbianadin and isoimperatorin were at a chemical shift of δ6.25–δ6.26 ppm, δ6.83–δ6.85 ppm, and δ6.31–δ6.32 ppm. The linear ranges of osthole, columbianadin and isoimperatorin were all 0.0455–2.2727 mg/mL, and R2 were 0.9994, 0.9994 and 0.9995, respectively. The limits of detection of osthole, columbianadin and isoimperatorin were 0.0660, 0.0720, 0.0620 mg, and the limits of quantification of osthole, columbianadin and isoimperatorin were 0.2201, 0.2401, 0.2066 mg/mL. The solution had good stability and repeatability within 24 h. The recoveries of osthole, columbianadin and isoimperatorin were 102.26%, 99.89%, 103.28%, respectively. The established method is simple and easy to operate, which greatly reduces the cumbersome pretreatment of samples and has high extraction efficiency.
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Hou Z, Liang Z, Li Y, Su F, Chen J, Zhang X, Yang D. Quantitative Determination and Validation of Four Phenolic Acids in Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge using 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666191231104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Although chromatography and spectrometry-based methods have been used to
analyse phenolic acids in Chinese traditional medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB), quantitative
nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) has never previously been used to analyse fresh SMB root extracts.
Objective:
To establish a fast and simple method of quantitating danshensu, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic
acid, and salvianolic acid B content in fresh SMB root using 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
Method:
Fresh SMB root was extracted using a 70% methanol aqueous solution and quantitatively
analysed for danshensu, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid B using 1H-NMR
spectroscopy. Different internal standards were compared and the results were validated using highperformance
liquid chromatography.
Results:
The established method was accurate and precise with good recovery. The LOD and LOQ
indicated the excellent sensitivity of the method. The robustness was testified by the modification of
four different parameters, and the differences among each parameter were all less than 2%.
Conclusion:
qNMR offers a fast, reliable, and accurate method of identifying and quantifying danshensu,
lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid B in fresh SMB root extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoni Hou
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou,China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou,China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou,China
| | - Feng Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou,China
| | - Jipeng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou,China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou,China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou,China
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Yu P, Li Q, Feng Y, Chen Y, Ma S, Ding X. Quantitative Analysis of Flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch by 1H-qNMR. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6655572. [PMID: 33532111 PMCID: PMC7834775 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6655572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a method for simultaneous determination of liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and isoliquiritinin glycyrrhizin using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance quantitative technology (1H-qNMR). Methodology. Deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the solvent, and dichloromethane was used as the internal standard. The probe temperature was 298.0 K, the pulse sequence was Zg30, the number of scans was 16, and relaxation delay (D1) was 10 s. Quantitative characteristic signal peaks were δ 4.891∼4.878 ppm, δ 8.187∼8.172 ppm, and δ 6.790∼6.776 ppm for liquiritin, isoliquiritin, and liquiritigenin, respectively. RESULTS The experimental result showed that the content of flavonoids in Licorice, from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, was the highest. CONCLUSION In this study, a new method for determination of three flavonoids in Licorice using 1H-qNMR was established. This experimental method has the advantages of accuracy, efficiency, and economy. It lays a foundation for the study on the determination of flavonoids content in licorice by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Sinan Ma
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Aesculus hippocastanum L. as a Stabilizer in Hemp Seed Oil Nanoemulsions for Potential Biomedical and Food Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020887. [PMID: 33477381 PMCID: PMC7830832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoemulsion systems receive a significant amount of interest nowadays due to their promising potential in biomedicine and food technology. Using a two-step process, we produced a series of nanoemulsion systems with different concentrations of hemp seed oil (HSO) stabilized with Aesculus hippocastanum L. extract (AHE). Water and commercially-available low-concentrated hyaluronic acid (HA) were used as the liquid phase. Stability tests, including an emulsifying index (EI), and droplet size distribution tests performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) proved the beneficial impact of AHE on the emulsion’s stability. After 7 days of storage, the EI for the water-based system was found to be around 100%, unlike the HA systems. The highest stability was achieved by an emulsion containing 5% HSO and 2 g/L AHE in water, as well as the HA solution. In order to obtain the detailed characteristics of the emulsions, UV-Vis and FTIR spectra were recorded, and the viscosity of the samples was determined. Finally, a visible microscopic analysis was used for the homogeneity evaluation of the samples, and was compared with the DLS results of the water system emulsion, which showed a desirable stability. The presented results demonstrate the possible use of oil emulsions based on a plant extract rich in saponins, such as AHE. Furthermore, it was found that the anti-inflammatory properties of AHE provide opportunities for the development of new emulsion formulations with health benefits.
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Makwana H, Pandya D. Isolation, characterization, and chromatographic estimation of esculin: A potential fluorescent marker from Launaea pinnatifida cass. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_243_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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A validated 1H-NMR method for quantitative analysis of DOTAP lipid in nanoliposomes containing soluble Leishmania antigen. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113809. [PMID: 33293176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a serious health problem that needs a suitable vaccine delivery system to control the disease. Cationic lipids such as 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) have been widely used in nanoliposomes' formulation to deliver antigen and adjuvant at the same time to induce protection against Leishmaniasis. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately quantify DOTAP concentration in the formulation and biological materials. Due to the poor UV absorbance of DOTAP, the use of the conventional HPLC-UV method was impossible. Currently, an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) or MS/MS detector in conjunction with HPLC is used to quantify DOTAP. These methods have several disadvantages, including time- consuming during extraction procedure and decrease or/and even remove some components of the formulation. According to the advantages of the quantitative 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopic method, a free extraction approach was developed to the assay of DOTAP in nanoliposomes containing Leishmania antigens. This method was carried out based on the relative ratio of signal integration of DOTAP [CH2 (CH2-CH = CH-CH2)] in δ 2 ppm to a definite amount of an internal standard called dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2). The q1H-NMR method showed good precision (intra-day RSD = 1.8 % and inter-day RSD = 2.5 %), linearity (in the ranges of 1.3-7.8 mg. mL-1 with correlation coefficients at 1), repeatability (RSD ≤ 2.39 %), and stability (RSD ≤ 2.32 %) for the quantification of the DOTAP without any extraction method. Considering all the experiments conducted in this study, NMR can be a feasible alternative to other traditional techniques for the simultaneous quantification of lipids in liposome formulations.
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Zhang Y, Li Q, Feng Y, Yang L, Qiu D, Guo Y. Multi-Index Quantitative Evaluation of Angelicae sinesis Radix Based on 1H-qNMR. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1633-1638. [PMID: 33247741 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As known to us, HPLC method was often used to determine the contents of Angelicae sinesis Radix. In view of the shortcomings of HPLC method, qNMR has prominent advantages in determining the contents of bioactive components in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of Angelicae sinesis Radix. OBJECTIVE In this study, a quick, simple, and accurate method was established to determine the components of ferulic acid, coniferyl ferulate, and ligustilide in Angelicae sinesis Radix. METHOD Using dimethyl sulfoxide-d6(DMSO-d6) as the test solvent and pyrazine as the internal standard substance, 1H-qNMR measurement was performed on a 600 MHz spectrometer. The quantitative resonance peaks of pyrazine, ferulic acid, ligustilide, and coniferyl ferulate were at δ8.66 ppm, δ6.35-6.37 ppm, δ5.53-5.55 ppm, and δ6.50-6.53 ppm, respectively. RESULTS The linear relationship, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, stability, and recovery were verified and the results were good. On the other hand, it was verified by HPLC, and the HPLC used for verification passed the methodological investigation of linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery, and the results were good. In addition, no significant difference in results was found between the 1H-qNMR and HPLC-UV methods in determining the content of three components in three batches of Angelicae sinesis Radix. CONCLUSIONS The method can be used for simultaneous determination of three active components, and providing a scientific basis for the overall quality evaluation and quality control of Angelicae sinesis Radix. HIGHTLIGHTS In this study, 1H-qNMR was used to determine ferulic acid, coniferyl ferulate and ligustilide in Angelicae Sinensis Radix for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanmei Feng
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiyu Qiu
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehong Guo
- Gansu Agricultural University, College of Agronomy, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
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21
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Development and validation of UHPLC-PDA method for simultaneous determination of bioactive polyphenols of horse-chestnut bark using numerical optimization with MS Excel Solver. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Quantitative Determination and Validation of Four Ketones in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Using Quantitative Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092043. [PMID: 32353926 PMCID: PMC7248917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia mltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) is native to China, whose dried root has been used as medicine. A few chromatographic- or spectrometric-based methods have already been used to analyze the lipid-soluble components in SMB. However, the methodology of qNMR on the extracts of fresh SMB root has not been verified so far. The purpose of this study was to establish a fast and simple method to quantify the tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone, and cryptotanshinone in fresh Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge root without any pre-purification steps using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The process is as follows: first, 70% methanol aqueous extracts of fresh Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge roots were quantitatively analyzed for tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone, and cryptotanshinone using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Different internal standards were tested and the validated method was compared with HPLC. 3,4,5-trichloropyridine was chosen as the internal standard. Twelve samples of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge were quantitatively analyzed by qNMR and HPLC respectively. Then, the results were analyzed by chemometric approaches. This NMR method offers a fast, stable, and accurate analysis of four ketones: tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, dihydrotanshinone, and cryptotanshinone in fresh roots of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge.
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Yang L, Li Q, Feng Y, Qiu D. Simultaneous Determination of Three Coumarins in Angelica dahurica by 1H-qNMR Method: A Fast and Validated Method for Crude Drug Quality Control. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8987560. [PMID: 32280555 PMCID: PMC7128064 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8987560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a quantitative 1H NMR method (1H-qNMR) for determining the contents of imperatorin, byakangelicin, and oxypeucedanin in A. dahurica in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been established. Dried plant material was extracted exhaustively with methanol by an ultrasonication-assisted extraction method. The 1H-qNMR measurements were performed on a 600 -MHz spectrometer with hydroquinone as the internal standard reference in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6) solvent. Quantification was carried out using the 1H resonance signals at 6.55 ppm for hydroquinone and 7.68, 7.38-7.39, and 6.38-6.39 ppm for imperatorin, byakangelicin, and oxypeucedanin, respectively. The linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, reproducibility, stability, and recovery of the methodology were evaluated, and results were good. The newly developed method has been applied to determine the three coumarins in A. dahurica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qian Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yanmei Feng
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Daiyu Qiu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Determination of etidronic acid in vegetable-washing water by a simple and validated quantitative 31P nuclear magnetic resonance method. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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