1
|
Zhou Z, Ma A, Moore TM, Wolf DM, Yang N, Tran P, Segawa M, Strumwasser AR, Ren W, Fu K, Wanagat J, van der Bliek AM, Crosbie-Watson R, Liesa M, Stiles L, Acin-Perez R, Mahata S, Shirihai O, Goodarzi MO, Handzlik M, Metallo CM, Walker DW, Hevener AL. Drp1 controls complex II assembly and skeletal muscle metabolism by Sdhaf2 action on mitochondria. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0389. [PMID: 38569044 PMCID: PMC10990287 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The dynamin-related guanosine triphosphatase, Drp1 (encoded by Dnm1l), plays a central role in mitochondrial fission and is requisite for numerous cellular processes; however, its role in muscle metabolism remains unclear. Here, we show that, among human tissues, the highest number of gene correlations with DNM1L is in skeletal muscle. Knockdown of Drp1 (Drp1-KD) promoted mitochondrial hyperfusion in the muscle of male mice. Reduced fatty acid oxidation and impaired insulin action along with increased muscle succinate was observed in Drp1-KD muscle. Muscle Drp1-KD reduced complex II assembly and activity as a consequence of diminished mitochondrial translocation of succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2 (Sdhaf2). Restoration of Sdhaf2 normalized complex II activity, lipid oxidation, and insulin action in Drp1-KD myocytes. Drp1 is critical in maintaining mitochondrial complex II assembly, lipid oxidation, and insulin sensitivity, suggesting a mechanistic link between mitochondrial morphology and skeletal muscle metabolism, which is clinically relevant in combatting metabolic-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alice Ma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy M. Moore
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dane M. Wolf
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mayuko Segawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander R. Strumwasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Wenjuan Ren
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | | | - Rachelle Crosbie-Watson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebecca Acin-Perez
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sushil Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Orian Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michal Handzlik
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian M. Metallo
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David W. Walker
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrea L. Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Iris Cantor UCLA Women’s Health Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System GRECC, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Neikirk K, Lopez EG, Marshall AG, Alghanem A, Krystofiak E, Kula B, Smith N, Shao J, Katti P, Hinton A. Call to action to properly utilize electron microscopy to measure organelles to monitor disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151365. [PMID: 37864884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the current methods for quantifying mitochondrial ultrastructure, including cristae morphology, mitochondrial contact sites, and recycling machinery and a guide to utilizing electron microscopy to effectively measure these organelles. Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial ultrastructure is essential for understanding mitochondrial biology and developing therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial-related diseases. Techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and serial block face-scanning electron microscopy, as well as how they can be combined with other techniques including confocal microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and correlative light and electron microscopy are discussed. Beyond their limitations and challenges, we also offer specific magnifications that may be best suited for TEM analysis of mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and recycling machinery. Finally, perspectives on future quantification methods are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edgar-Garza Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ahmad Alghanem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Ali Al Arini, Ar Rimayah, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bartosz Kula
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642, USA
| | - Nathan Smith
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester 14642, USA
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lian H, Park D, Chen M, Schueder F, Lara-Tejero M, Liu J, Galán JE. Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2 coordinates a cell-intrinsic itaconate-dependent defence pathway against intracellular Salmonella. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1880-1895. [PMID: 37640963 PMCID: PMC10962312 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Cell-intrinsic defences constitute the first line of defence against intracellular pathogens. The guanosine triphosphatase RAB32 orchestrates one such defence response against the bacterial pathogen Salmonella, through delivery of antimicrobial itaconate. Here we show that the Parkinson's disease-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) orchestrates this defence response by scaffolding a complex between RAB32 and aconitate decarboxylase 1, which synthesizes itaconate from mitochondrial precursors. Itaconate delivery to Salmonella-containing vacuoles was impaired and Salmonella replication increased in LRRK2-deficient cells. Loss of LRRK2 also restored virulence of a Salmonella mutant defective in neutralizing this RAB32-dependent host defence pathway in mice. Cryo-electron tomography revealed tether formation between Salmonella-containing vacuoles and host mitochondria upon Salmonella infection, which was significantly impaired in LRRK2-deficient cells. This positions LRRK2 centrally within a host defence mechanism, which may have favoured selection of a common familial Parkinson's disease mutant allele in the human population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lian
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghyun Park
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Science Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meixin Chen
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Florian Schueder
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maria Lara-Tejero
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Science Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jorge E Galán
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wrobel CJJ, Schroeder FC. Repurposing degradation pathways for modular metabolite biosynthesis in nematodes. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:676-686. [PMID: 37024728 PMCID: PMC10559835 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes repurpose products from biochemical degradation pathways for the combinatorial assembly of complex modular structures that serve diverse signaling functions. Building blocks from neurotransmitter, amino acid, nucleoside and fatty acid metabolism are attached to scaffolds based on the dideoxyhexose ascarylose or glucose, resulting in hundreds of modular ascarosides and glucosides. Genome-wide association studies have identified carboxylesterases as the key enzymes mediating modular assembly, enabling rapid compound discovery via untargeted metabolomics and suggesting that modular metabolite biosynthesis originates from the 'hijacking' of conserved detoxification mechanisms. Modular metabolites thus represent a distinct biosynthetic strategy for generating structural and functional diversity in nematodes, complementing the primarily polyketide synthase- and nonribosomal peptide synthetase-derived universe of microbial natural products. Although many aspects of modular metabolite biosynthesis and function remain to be elucidated, their identification demonstrates how phenotype-driven compound discovery, untargeted metabolomics and genomic approaches can synergize to facilitate the annotation of metabolic dark matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chester J J Wrobel
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rojas‐Gómez A, Dosil SG, Chichón FJ, Fernández‐Gallego N, Ferrarini A, Calvo E, Calzada‐Fraile D, Requena S, Otón J, Serrano A, Tarifa R, Arroyo M, Sorrentino A, Pereiro E, Vázquez J, Valpuesta JM, Sánchez‐Madrid F, Martín‐Cófreces NB. Chaperonin CCT controls extracellular vesicle production and cell metabolism through kinesin dynamics. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12333. [PMID: 37328936 PMCID: PMC10276179 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proteostasis includes gene transcription, protein translation, folding of de novo proteins, post-translational modifications, secretion, degradation and recycling. By profiling the proteome of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from T cells, we have found the chaperonin complex CCT, involved in the correct folding of particular proteins. By limiting CCT cell-content by siRNA, cells undergo altered lipid composition and metabolic rewiring towards a lipid-dependent metabolism, with increased activity of peroxisomes and mitochondria. This is due to dysregulation of the dynamics of interorganelle contacts between lipid droplets, mitochondria, peroxisomes and the endolysosomal system. This process accelerates the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies leading to higher EV production through the dynamic regulation of microtubule-based kinesin motors. These findings connect proteostasis with lipid metabolism through an unexpected role of CCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Rojas‐Gómez
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Sara G. Dosil
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Francisco J. Chichón
- Cryoelectron Microscopy UnitCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Department of Macromolecular StructureCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Nieves Fernández‐Gallego
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Alessia Ferrarini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Enrique Calvo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Diego Calzada‐Fraile
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Silvia Requena
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Joaquin Otón
- Structural Studies DivisionMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUK
- ALBA Synchrotron Light SourceBarcelonaSpain
| | - Alvaro Serrano
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Rocio Tarifa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Montserrat Arroyo
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
| | | | | | - Jesus Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - José M. Valpuesta
- Department of Macromolecular StructureCentro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Francisco Sánchez‐Madrid
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| | - Noa B. Martín‐Cófreces
- Immunology ServiceHospital Universitario de la Princesa, UAM, IIS‐IPMadridSpain
- Area of Vascular Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Intercellular CommunicationFundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares‐Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV)MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iannuzzi C, Liccardo M, Sirangelo I. Overview of the Role of Vanillin in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuropathophysiological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031817. [PMID: 36768141 PMCID: PMC9915872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, bioactive natural products play key roles in drug development due to their safety profile and strong antioxidant power. Vanillin is a natural phenolic compound found in several vanilla beans and widely used for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. Besides its industrial applications, vanillin possesses several beneficial effects for human health, such as antioxidant activity in addition to anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-metastatic, and anti-depressant properties. Moreover, vanillin exhibits neuroprotective effects on multiple neurological disorders and neuropathophysiological conditions. This study reviews the mechanisms of action by which vanillin prevents neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo systems, in order to provide the latest views on the beneficial properties of this molecule in chronic neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Paraskevaidis I, Farmakis D, Papingiotis G, Tsougos E. Inflammation and Heart Failure: Searching for the Enemy-Reaching the Entelechy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10010019. [PMID: 36661914 PMCID: PMC9866611 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of heart-failure (HF) development and progression has long been recognized. High blood levels of pro-inflammatory and inflammatory markers are present and associated with adverse outcomes in patients with HF. In addition, there seems to be an interrelation between inflammation and neurohormonal activation, the cornerstone of HF pathophysiology and management. However, clinical trials involving anti-inflammatory agents have shown inconclusive or even contradictory results in improving HF outcomes. In the present review, we try to shed some light on the reciprocal relationship between inflammation and HF in an attempt to identify the central regulating factors, such as inflammatory cells and soluble mediators and the related inflammatory pathways as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Paraskevaidis
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- 6th Department of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Farmakis
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22-895235
| | - Georgios Papingiotis
- Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Tsougos
- 6th Department of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bassot A, Morio B, Bortoli S, Coumoul X. Le B-A-BA de la mitochondrie, une cheffe d’orchestre intracellulaire très dynamique. CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIÉTÉTIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cnd.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
9
|
Zaman M, Shutt TE. The Role of Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics in MFN2-Mediated Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:858286. [PMID: 35399520 PMCID: PMC8989266 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.858286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mitofusin 2 protein (MFN2), encoded by the MFN2 gene, was first described for its role in mediating mitochondrial fusion. However, MFN2 is now recognized to play additional roles in mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), mitochondrial motility, lipid transfer, and as a tether to other organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets. The tethering role of MFN2 is an important mediator of mitochondrial-ER contact sites (MERCs), which themselves have many important functions that regulate mitochondria, including calcium homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Exemplifying the importance of MFN2, pathogenic variants in MFN2 are established to cause the peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Subtype 2A (CMT2A). However, the mechanistic basis for disease is not clear. Moreover, additional pathogenic phenotypes such as lipomatosis, distal myopathy, optic atrophy, and hearing loss, can also sometimes be present in patients with CMT2A. Given these variable patient phenotypes, and the many cellular roles played by MFN2, the mechanistic underpinnings of the cellular impairments by which MFN2 dysfunction leads to disease are likely to be complex. Here, we will review what is known about the various functions of MFN2 that are impaired by pathogenic variants causing CMT2A, with a specific emphasis on the ties between MFN2 variants and MERCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mashiat Zaman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Timothy E. Shutt,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Benaroya H. Understanding mitochondria and the utility of optimization as a canonical framework for identifying and modeling mitochondrial pathways. Rev Neurosci 2022; 33:657-690. [PMID: 35219282 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of our current understanding of mitochondrial function as a framework to motivate the hypothesis that mitochondrial behavior is governed by optimization principles that are constrained by the laws of the physical and biological sciences. Then, mathematical optimization tools can generally be useful to model some of these processes under reasonable assumptions and limitations. We are specifically interested in optimizations via variational methods, which are briefly summarized. Within such an optimization framework, we suggest that the numerous mechanical instigators of cell and intracellular functioning can be modeled utilizing some of the principles of mechanics that govern engineered systems, as well as by the frequently observed feedback and feedforward mechanisms that coordinate the multitude of processes within cells. These mechanical aspects would need to be coupled to governing biochemical rules. Of course, biological systems are significantly more complex than engineered systems, and require considerably more experimentation to ascertain and characterize parameters and subsequent behavior. That complexity requires well-defined limitations and assumptions for any derived models. Optimality is being motivated as a framework to help us understand how cellular decisions are made, especially those that transition between physiological behaviors and dysfunctions along pathophysiological pathways. We elaborate on our interpretation of optimality and cellular decision making within the body of this paper, as we revisit these ideas in the numerous different contexts of mitochondrial functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haym Benaroya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ganguly S, Ghoshal B, Banerji I, Bhattacharjee S, Chakraborty S, Goswami A, Mukherjee K, Bhattacharyya SN. Leishmania survives by exporting miR-146a from infected to resident cells to subjugate inflammation. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/6/e202101229. [PMID: 35210329 PMCID: PMC8881743 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, infects and resides within tissue macrophage cells. It is not clear how the parasite infected cells crosstalk with the noninfected cells to regulate the infection process. During infection, Leishmania adopts a dual strategy for its survival by regulating the intercellular transport of host miRNAs to restrict inflammation. The parasite, by preventing mitochondrial function of host cells, restricts the entry of liver cell derived miR-122-containing extracellular vesicles in infected macrophages to curtail the inflammatory response associated with miR-122 entry. On contrary, the parasite up-regulates the export of miR-146a from the infected macrophages. The miR-146a, associated with the extracellular vesicles released by infected cells, restricts miR-122 production in hepatocytes while polarizing neighbouring naïve macrophages to the M2 state by affecting the cytokine expression. On entering the recipient macrophages, miR-146a dominates the miRNA antagonist RNA-binding protein HuR to inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNAs having HuR-interacting AU-rich elements whereas up-regulates anti-inflammatory IL-10 by exporting the miR-21 to polarize the recipient cells to M2 stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Ganguly
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Bartika Ghoshal
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ishani Banerji
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shreya Bhattacharjee
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sreemoyee Chakraborty
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Avijit Goswami
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Suvendra N Bhattacharyya
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Romano R, Coelho-Junior HJ, Damiano FP, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Circulating Mitochondrial DNA and Inter-Organelle Contact Sites in Aging and Associated Conditions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040675. [PMID: 35203322 PMCID: PMC8870554 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in cell bioenergetics, regulation of redox homeostasis, and cell death/survival signaling. An immunostimulatory property of mitochondria has also been recognized which is deployed through the extracellular release of entire or portioned organelle and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) unloading. Dynamic homo- and heterotypic interactions involving mitochondria have been described. Each type of connection has functional implications that eventually optimize mitochondrial activity according to the bioenergetic demands of a specific cell/tissue. Inter-organelle communications may also serve as molecular platforms for the extracellular release of mitochondrial components and subsequent ignition of systemic inflammation. Age-related chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased extracellular release of mitochondrial components—in particular, cell-free mtDNA. The close relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence further supports the central role of mitochondria in the aging process and its related conditions. Here, we provide an overview of (1) the mitochondrial genetic system and the potential routes for generating and releasing mtDNA intermediates; (2) the pro-inflammatory pathways elicited by circulating mtDNA; (3) the participation of inter-organelle contacts to mtDNA homeostasis; and (4) the link of these processes with senescence and age-associated conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-3015-5559; Fax: +39-06-3051-911
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Junior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco P. Damiano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (R.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (F.P.D.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Innokentev A, Kanki T. Mitophagy in Yeast: Molecular Mechanism and Regulation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123569. [PMID: 34944077 PMCID: PMC8700587 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that selectively degrades mitochondria. Mitochondria, known as the “powerhouse of the cell”, supply the majority of the energy required by cells. During energy production, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts. The ROS damage mitochondria, and the damaged mitochondria further produce mitochondrial ROS. The increased mitochondrial ROS damage cellular components, including mitochondria themselves, and leads to diverse pathologies. Accordingly, it is crucial to eliminate excessive or damaged mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, in which mitophagy is believed to play a major role. Recently, the molecular mechanism and physiological role of mitophagy have been vigorously studied in yeast and mammalian cells. In yeast, Atg32 and Atg43, mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, were identified as mitophagy receptors in budding yeast and fission yeast, respectively. Here we summarize the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in yeast, as revealed by the analysis of Atg32 and Atg43, and review recent progress in our understanding of mitophagy induction and regulation in yeast.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Wen Y, Li S, Lu X, Xu R, Li C. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Contacts: A Potential Therapy Target for Cardiovascular Remodeling-Associated Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774989. [PMID: 34858991 PMCID: PMC8631538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular remodeling occurs in cardiomyocytes, collagen meshes, and vascular beds in the progress of cardiac insufficiency caused by a variety of cardiac diseases such as chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic overload heart disease, myocarditis, and myocardial infarction. The morphological changes that occur as a result of remodeling are the critical pathological basis for the occurrence and development of serious diseases and also determine morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the inhibition of remodeling is an important approach to prevent and treat heart failure and other related diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are tightly linked by ER-mitochondria contacts (ERMCs). ERMCs play a vital role in different signaling pathways and provide a satisfactory structural platform for the ER and mitochondria to interact and maintain the normal function of cells, mainly by involving various cellular life processes such as lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial function, ER stress, and autophagy. Studies have shown that abnormal ERMCs may promote the occurrence and development of remodeling and participate in the formation of a variety of cardiovascular remodeling-associated diseases. This review focuses on the structure and function of the ERMCs, and the potential mechanism of ERMCs involved in cardiovascular remodeling, indicating that ERMCs may be a potential target for new therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular remodeling-induced diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ya Wen
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Jinan Tianqiao People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Parakh S, Atkin JD. The Mitochondrial-associated ER membrane (MAM) compartment and its dysregulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 112:105-113. [PMID: 33707063 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria connect at multiple contact sites to form a unique cellular compartment, termed the 'mitochondria-associated ER membranes' (MAMs). MAMs are hubs for signalling pathways that regulate cellular homeostasis and survival, metabolism, and sensitivity to apoptosis. MAMs are therefore involved in vital cellular functions, but they are dysregulated in several human diseases. Whilst MAM dysfunction is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, its role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is poorly understood. However, in ALS both ER and mitochondrial dysfunction are well documented pathophysiological events. Moreover, alterations to lipid metabolism in neurons regulate processes linked to neurodegenerative diseases, and a link between dysfunction of lipid metabolism and ALS has also been proposed. In this review we discuss the structural and functional relevance of MAMs in ALS and how targeting MAM could be therapeutically beneficial in this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Parakh
- Macquarie University Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Macquarie University Centre for MND Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3065, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garcia BM, Machado TS, Carvalho KF, Nolasco P, Nociti RP, Del Collado M, Capo Bianco MJD, Grejo MP, Augusto Neto JD, Sugiyama FHC, Tostes K, Pandey AK, Gonçalves LM, Perecin F, Meirelles FV, Ferraz JBS, Vanzela EC, Boschero AC, Guimarães FEG, Abdulkader F, Laurindo FRM, Kowaltowski AJ, Chiaratti MR. Mice born to females with oocyte-specific deletion of mitofusin 2 have increased weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis. Mol Hum Reprod 2020; 26:938-952. [PMID: 33118034 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring born to obese and diabetic mothers are prone to metabolic diseases, a phenotype that has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in oocytes. In addition, metabolic diseases impact the architecture and function of mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs), changes which associate with mitofusin 2 (MFN2) repression in muscle, liver and hypothalamic neurons. MFN2 is a potent modulator of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin signaling, with a key role in mitochondrial dynamics and tethering with the ER. Here, we investigated whether offspring born to mice with MFN2-deficient oocytes are prone to obesity and diabetes. Deletion of Mfn2 in oocytes resulted in a profound transcriptomic change, with evidence of impaired mitochondrial and ER function. Moreover, offspring born to females with oocyte-specific deletion of Mfn2 presented increased weight gain and glucose intolerance. This abnormal phenotype was linked to decreased insulinemia and defective insulin signaling, but not mitochondrial and ER defects in offspring liver and skeletal muscle. In conclusion, this study suggests a link between disrupted mitochondrial/ER function in oocytes and increased risk of metabolic diseases in the progeny. Future studies should determine whether MERC architecture and function are altered in oocytes from obese females, which might contribute toward transgenerational transmission of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Garcia
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Thiago S Machado
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Karen F Carvalho
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Nolasco
- Translational Cardiovascular Biology Unit, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Ricardo P Nociti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maite Del Collado
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maria J D Capo Bianco
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Mateus P Grejo
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - José Djaci Augusto Neto
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia H C Sugiyama
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Katiane Tostes
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Anand K Pandey
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Departament of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125004, India
| | - Luciana M Gonçalves
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio V Meirelles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - José Bento S Ferraz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Emerielle C Vanzela
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Boschero
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Francisco E G Guimarães
- Departamento de Física e Ciências dos Materiais, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Fernando Abdulkader
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Translational Cardiovascular Biology Unit, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-904, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Chiaratti
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Picard M, Sandi C. The social nature of mitochondria: Implications for human health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:595-610. [PMID: 32651001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sociality has profound evolutionary roots and is observed from unicellular organisms to multicellular animals. In line with the view that social principles apply across levels of biological complexity, a growing body of data highlights the remarkable social nature of mitochondria - life-sustaining endosymbiotic organelles with their own genome that populate the cell cytoplasm. Here, we draw from organizing principles of behavior in social organisms to reveal that similar to individuals among social networks, mitochondria communicate with each other and with the cell nucleus, exhibit group formation and interdependence, synchronize their behaviors, and functionally specialize to accomplish specific functions within the organism. Mitochondria are social organelles. The extension of social principles across levels of biological complexity is a theoretical shift that emphasizes the role of communication and interdependence in cell biology, physiology, and neuroscience. With the help of emerging computational methods capable of capturing complex dynamic behavioral patterns, the implementation of social concepts in mitochondrial biology may facilitate cross-talk across disciplines towards increasingly holistic and accurate models of human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klecker T, Westermann B. Asymmetric inheritance of mitochondria in yeast. Biol Chem 2020; 401:779-791. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMitochondria are essential organelles of virtually all eukaryotic organisms. As they cannot be made de novo, they have to be inherited during cell division. In this review, we provide an overview on mitochondrial inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a powerful model organism to study asymmetric cell division. Several processes have to be coordinated during mitochondrial inheritance: mitochondrial transport along the actin cytoskeleton into the emerging bud is powered by a myosin motor protein; cell cortex anchors retain a critical fraction of mitochondria in the mother cell and bud to ensure proper partitioning; and the quantity of mitochondria inherited by the bud is controlled during cell cycle progression. Asymmetric division of yeast cells produces rejuvenated daughter cells and aging mother cells that die after a finite number of cell divisions. We highlight the critical role of mitochondria in this process and discuss how asymmetric mitochondrial partitioning and cellular aging are connected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Klecker
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Morales I, Sanchez A, Puertas-Avendaño R, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Perez-Barreto A, Rodriguez M. Neuroglial transmitophagy and Parkinson's disease. Glia 2020; 68:2277-2299. [PMID: 32415886 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is essential for the health of dopaminergic neurons because mitochondrial damage is a keystone of Parkinson's disease. The aim of the present work was to study the degradation of mitochondria in the degenerating dopaminergic synapse. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats and YFP-Mito-DAn mice with fluorescent mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons were injected in the lateral ventricles with 6-hydroxydopamine, a toxic that inhibits the mitochondrial chain of dopaminergic neurons and blockades the axonal transport. Dopaminergic terminals closest to the lateral ventricle showed an axonal fragmentation and an accumulation of damaged mitochondria in 2-9 μ saccular structures (spheroids). Damaged mitochondria accumulated in spheroids initiated (showing high Pink1, parkin, ubiquitin, p-S65-Ubi, AMBRA1, and BCL2L13 immunoreactivity and developing autophagosomes) but did not complete (mitochondria were not polyubiquitinated, autophagosomes had no STX17, and no lysosomes were found in spheroids) the mitophagy process. Then, spheroids were penetrated by astrocytic processes and DAergic mitochondria were transferred to astrocytes where they were polyubiquitinated (UbiK63+) and linked to mature autophagosomes (STX17+) which became autophagolysosomes (Lamp1/Lamp2 which co-localized with LC3). Present data provide evidence that the mitophagy of degenerating dopaminergic terminals starts in the dopaminergic spheroids and finishes in the surrounding astrocytes (spheroid-mediated transmitophagy). The neuron-astrocyte transmitophagy could be critical for preventing the release of damaged mitochondria to the extracellular medium and the neuro-inflammatory activity which characterizes Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Puertas-Avendaño
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Adrian Perez-Barreto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, La Laguna University, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Impact of global structure on diffusive exploration of organelle networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4984. [PMID: 32188905 PMCID: PMC7080787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate diffusive search on planar networks, motivated by tubular organelle networks in cell biology that contain molecules searching for reaction partners and binding sites. Exact calculation of the diffusive mean first-passage time on a spatial network is used to characterize the typical search time as a function of network connectivity. We find that global structural properties — the total edge length and number of loops — are sufficient to largely determine network exploration times for a variety of both synthetic planar networks and organelle morphologies extracted from living cells. For synthetic networks on a lattice, we predict the search time dependence on these global structural parameters by connecting with percolation theory, providing a bridge from irregular real-world networks to a simpler physical model. The dependence of search time on global network structural properties suggests that network architecture can be designed for efficient search without controlling the precise arrangement of connections. Specifically, increasing the number of loops substantially decreases search times, pointing to a potential physical mechanism for regulating reaction rates within organelle network structures.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Membrane phase behavior in cells permits transient concentration of specific proteins and lipids into dynamic nanoscopic domains. Here, we tested the existence and role of such phase behavior in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Employing hypotonic cell swelling, we created large intracellular vesicles (LICVs) from internal organelles. ER LICVs maintained stable interorganelle contacts, with known protein tethers concentrated at the contact sites. Cooled ER LICVs underwent reversible phase separation into microscopically visible domains with different lipid order and membrane fluidity. The phase-separated domains specified sites of contact between the ER and different organelles. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of synthesis of secretory and membrane proteins and contacts every organelle of the cell, exchanging lipids and metabolites in a highly regulated manner. How the ER spatially segregates its numerous and diverse functions, including positioning nanoscopic contact sites with other organelles, is unclear. We demonstrate that hypotonic swelling of cells converts the ER and other membrane-bound organelles into micrometer-scale large intracellular vesicles (LICVs) that retain luminal protein content and maintain contact sites with each other through localized organelle tethers. Upon cooling, ER-derived LICVs phase-partition into microscopic domains having different lipid-ordering characteristics, which is reversible upon warming. Ordered ER lipid domains mark contact sites with ER and mitochondria, lipid droplets, endosomes, or plasma membrane, whereas disordered ER lipid domains mark contact sites with lysosomes or peroxisomes. Tethering proteins concentrate at ER–organelle contact sites, allowing time-dependent behavior of lipids and proteins to be studied at these sites. These findings demonstrate that LICVs provide a useful model system for studying the phase behavior and interactive properties of organelles in intact cells.
Collapse
|
22
|
Benigni A, Cassis P, Conti S, Perico L, Corna D, Cerullo D, Zentilin L, Zoja C, Perna A, Lionetti V, Giacca M, Trionfini P, Tomasoni S, Remuzzi G. Sirt3 Deficiency Shortens Life Span and Impairs Cardiac Mitochondrial Function Rescued by Opa1 Gene Transfer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1255-1271. [PMID: 31269804 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, are recognized as nondispensable regulators of aging processes. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is the main mitochondrial deacetylase that maintains mitochondrial bioenergetics, an essential prerequisite for healthy aging. In this study, using Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3-/-) mice, we sought to establish whether Sirt3 deficiency affected life span, an endpoint that has never been tested formally in mammals, and uncover the mechanisms involved in organ damage associated with aging. Results:Sirt3-/- mice experienced a shorter life span than wild-type mice and severe cardiac damage, characterized by hypertrophy and fibrosis, as they aged. No alterations were found in organs other than the heart. Sirt3 deficiency altered cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics and caused hyperacetylation of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), a SIRT3 target. These changes were associated with aberrant alignment of trans-mitochondrial cristae in cardiomyocytes, and cardiac dysfunction. Gene transfer of deacetylated Opa1 restored cristae alignment in Sirt3-/- mice, ameliorated cardiac reserve capacity, and protected the heart against hypertrophy and fibrosis. The translational relevance of these findings is in the data showing that SIRT3 silencing in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes led to mitochondrial dysfunction and altered contractile phenotype, both rescued by Opa1 gene transfer. Innovation: Our findings indicate that future approaches to heart failure could include SIRT3 as a plausible therapeutic target. Conclusion: SIRT3 has a major role in regulating mammalian life span. Sirt3 deficiency leads to cardiac abnormalities, due to defective trans-mitochondrial cristae alignment and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. Correcting cardiac OPA1 hyperacetylation through gene transfer diminished heart failure in Sirt3-/- mice during aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 1255-1271.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariela Benigni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paola Cassis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Sara Conti
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Corna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Domenico Cerullo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Zentilin
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Perna
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.,UOS Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Toscana "G. Monasterio", Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piera Trionfini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Susanna Tomasoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy.,L. Sacco' Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mitochondrial interaction with the endosomal compartment in endocytosis and mitochondrial transfer. Mitochondrion 2019; 49:284-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
24
|
Kowaltowski AJ, Menezes-Filho SL, Assali EA, Gonçalves IG, Cabral-Costa JV, Abreu P, Miller N, Nolasco P, Laurindo FRM, Bruni-Cardoso A, Shirihai OS. Mitochondrial morphology regulates organellar Ca 2+ uptake and changes cellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. FASEB J 2019; 33:13176-13188. [PMID: 31480917 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901136r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial size and shape have been implicated in several physiologic processes, but their role in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake regulation and overall cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is largely unknown. Here we show that modulating mitochondrial dynamics toward increased fusion through expression of a dominant negative (DN) form of the fission protein [dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)] markedly increased both mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity and Ca2+ uptake rates in permeabilized C2C12 cells. Similar results were seen using the pharmacological fusion-promoting M1 molecule. Conversely, promoting a fission phenotype through the knockdown of the fusion protein mitofusin (MFN)-2 strongly reduced the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake speed and capacity in these cells. These changes were not dependent on modifications in mitochondrial calcium uniporter expression, inner membrane potentials, or the mitochondrial permeability transition. Implications of mitochondrial morphology modulation on cellular calcium homeostasis were measured in intact cells; mitochondrial fission promoted lower basal cellular calcium levels and lower endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium stores, as indicated by depletion with thapsigargin. Indeed, mitochondrial fission was associated with ER stress. Additionally, the calcium-replenishing process of store-operated calcium entry was impaired in MFN2 knockdown cells, whereas DRP1-DN-promoted fusion resulted in faster cytosolic Ca2+ increase rates. Overall, our results show a novel role for mitochondrial morphology in the regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, which impacts cellular Ca2+ homeostasis.-Kowaltowski, A. J., Menezes-Filho, S. L., Assali, E. A., Gonçalves, I. G., Cabral-Costa, J. V., Abreu, P., Miller, N., Nolasco, P., Laurindo, F. R. M., Bruni-Cardoso, A., Shirihai, O. Mitochondrial morphology regulates organellar Ca2+ uptake and changes cellular Ca2+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio L Menezes-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Essam A Assali
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isabela G Gonçalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Phablo Abreu
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathanael Miller
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patricia Nolasco
- Laboratório de Biologia Vascular, Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional (LIM-64), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Laboratório de Biologia Vascular, Biologia Cardiovascular Translacional (LIM-64), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen H, Zheng J, Ma J. Vanillin ameliorates changes in HIF-1α expression and neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019; 37:21-29. [PMID: 30741707 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-180879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the search for treating neurological dysfunctions after spinal cord injury (SCI), methods of neuroprotection are of interest to intervene with the caspase pathway. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of vanillin in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a sham-operated group, and two groups where SCI was produced by ischemia/reperfusion which received either saline or vanillin (286 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] 30 min prior to surgery). Neurological function was estimated by the Tarlov scale at 1, 12, and 24 h after surgery. Additionally, we estimated the levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and mitochondrial proteins in the homogenates of spinal tissues and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical assays of spinal tissues. RESULTS Motor dysfunction was found to be significantly improved in the vanillin treated group compared to SCI rats. This was accompanied by altered levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and expressions of mitochondrial proteins in the SCI rats which were ameliorated by the vanillin treatment. Vanillin also significantly reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells in spinal cord tissues compared to the sham group (p < 0.01) and decreased the number of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS In the SCI rat model vanillin exerted neuroprotective effects of reducing apoptosis and attenuating the expression of HIF-1α in spinal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiuqin Zheng
- Department of Central Sterile Supply, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Conceptual Evolution of Cell Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133292. [PMID: 31277491 PMCID: PMC6651758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last 100 years, cell signaling has evolved into a common mechanism for most physiological processes across systems. Although the majority of cell signaling principles were initially derived from hormonal studies, its exponential growth has been supported by interdisciplinary inputs, e.g., from physics, chemistry, mathematics, statistics, and computational fields. As a result, cell signaling has grown out of scope for any general review. Here, we review how the messages are transferred from the first messenger (the ligand) to the receptor, and then decoded with the help of cascades of second messengers (kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, ions, and small molecules such as cAMP, cGMP, diacylglycerol, etc.). The message is thus relayed from the membrane to the nucleus where gene expression ns, subsequent translations, and protein targeting to the cell membrane and other organelles are triggered. Although there are limited numbers of intracellular messengers, the specificity of the response profiles to the ligands is generated by the involvement of a combination of selected intracellular signaling intermediates. Other crucial parameters in cell signaling are its directionality and distribution of signaling strengths in different pathways that may crosstalk to adjust the amplitude and quality of the final effector output. Finally, we have reflected upon its possible developments during the coming years.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang T, Liu J, Shen S, Tong Q, Ma X, Lin L. SIRT3 promotes lipophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy to protect hepatocytes against lipotoxicity. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:329-344. [PMID: 31160717 PMCID: PMC7206074 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0356-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipophagy is a lysosomal lipolytic pathway that complements the actions of cytosolic neutral lipases. Chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA) triggers lipid droplets (LDs) breakdown, to initiate lipolysis via either cytosolic lipases or macroautophagy. SIRT3, a mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, regulates the acetylation status and activity of many substrates involving in energy metabolism. However, the role of SIRT3 in regulating lipophagy is controversial. The current study showed that SIRT3 expression was decreased and the macroautophagy flux was blocked in the primary hepatocytes from high-fat diet fed mice and P/O (palmitic acid and oleic acid mixture) treated AML12 mouse hepatocytes, compared with the corresponding controls. SIRT3 overexpression promoted macroautophagy in LDs from P/O-treated hepatocytes through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and unc-51-like kinase 1, to boost LDs digestion. Gain of SIRT3 expression stimulated the formation of lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP-2A)-heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC70)-perilipin-2 (PLN2) complex, to promote CMA process and reduce the stability of LDs in hepatocytes. Moreover, SIRT3 reduced the expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, to suppress lipogenesis. In addition, SIRT3 overexpression promoted LDs dispersion on detyrosinated microtubules, and directly deacetylated long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to enhance mitochondrial energetics. Taken together, SIRT3 ameliorates lipotoxicity in hepatocytes, which might be a potential target for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shengnan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qiang Tong
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Thai PN, Seidlmayer LK, Miller C, Ferrero M, Dorn GW, Schaefer S, Bers DM, Dedkova EN. Mitochondrial Quality Control in Aging and Heart Failure: Influence of Ketone Bodies and Mitofusin-Stabilizing Peptides. Front Physiol 2019; 10:382. [PMID: 31024341 PMCID: PMC6467974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Aging and heart failure (HF) are each characterized by increased mitochondrial damage, which may contribute to further cardiac dysfunction. Mitophagy in response to mitochondrial damage can improve cardiovascular health. HF is also characterized by increased formation and consumption of ketone bodies (KBs), which may activate mitophagy and provide an endogenous mechanism to limit the adverse effects of mitochondrial damage. However, the role of KBs in activation of mitophagy in aging and HF has not been evaluated. Methods: We assessed mitophagy by measuring mitochondrial Parkin accumulation and LC3-mediated autophagosome formation in cardiomyocytes from young (2.5 months), aged (2.5 years), and aged rabbits with HF (2.5 years) induced by aortic insufficiency and stenosis. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and redox balance were monitored using genetically encoded sensors ORP1-roGFP2 and GRX1-roGFP2, targeted to mitochondrial or cytosolic compartments, respectively. Results: Young rabbits exhibited limited mitochondrial Parkin accumulation with small (~1 μm2) puncta. Those small Parkin puncta increased four-fold in aged rabbit hearts, accompanied by elevated LC3-mediated autophagosome formation. HF hearts exhibited fewer small puncta, but many very large Parkin-rich regions (4-5 μm2) with completely depolarized mitochondria. Parkin protein expression was barely detectable in young animals and was much higher in aged and maximal in HF hearts. Expression of mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) was reduced by almost 50% in HF, consistent with improper fusion-fission, contributing to mitochondrial Parkin build-up. The KB β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) enhanced mitophagy in young and aging myocytes, but not in HF where β-OHB further increased the number of cells with giant Parkin-rich regions. This β-OHB effect on Parkin-rich areas was prevented by cell-permeable TAT-MP1Gly peptide (thought to promote MFN2-dependent fusion). Basal levels of mitochondrial ROS were highest in HF, while cytosolic ROS was highest in aged compared to HF myocytes, suggesting that cytosolic ROS promotes Parkin recruitment to the mitochondria. Conclusion: We conclude that elevated KB levels were beneficial for mitochondrial repair in the aging heart. However, an impaired MFN2-DRP1-mediated fusion-fission process in HF reduced this benefit, as well as Parkin degradation and mitophagic signaling cascade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phung N. Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lea K. Seidlmayer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maura Ferrero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gerald W. Dorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Pharmacogenomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Saul Schaefer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Donald M. Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elena N. Dedkova
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
González Montoro A, Auffarth K, Hönscher C, Bohnert M, Becker T, Warscheid B, Reggiori F, van der Laan M, Fröhlich F, Ungermann C. Vps39 Interacts with Tom40 to Establish One of Two Functionally Distinct Vacuole-Mitochondria Contact Sites. Dev Cell 2018; 45:621-636.e7. [PMID: 29870720 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The extensive subcellular network of membrane contact sites plays central roles in organelle biogenesis and communication, yet the precise contributions of the involved machineries remain largely enigmatic. The yeast vacuole forms a membrane contact site with mitochondria, called vacuolar and mitochondrial patch (vCLAMP). Formation of vCLAMPs involves the vacuolar Rab GTPase Ypt7 and the Ypt7-interacting Vps39 subunit of the HOPS tethering complex. Here, we uncover the general preprotein translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) subunit Tom40 as the direct binding partner of Vps39 on mitochondria. We identify Vps39 mutants defective in TOM binding, but functional for HOPS. Cells that cannot form vCLAMPs show reduced growth under stress conditions and impaired survival upon starvation. Unexpectedly, our mutant analysis revealed the existence of two functionally independent vacuole-mitochondria MCSs: one formed by the Ypt7-Vps39-Tom40 tether and a second one by Vps13-Mcp1, which is redundant with ER-mitochondrial contacts formed by ERMES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén González Montoro
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Auffarth
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Carina Hönscher
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Maria Bohnert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany; Institute of Biology II, Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg 66421, Germany
| | - Florian Fröhlich
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Molecular Membrane Biology Section, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, Osnabrück 49076, Germany
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section University of Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 13, Osnabrück 49076, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee DG, Kam MK, Kim KM, Kim HS, Kwon OS, Lee HS, Lee DS. Peroxiredoxin 5 prevents iron overload-induced neuronal death by inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 102:10-19. [PMID: 29906559 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for neuronal as well as cellular functions. However, Iron overload has been known to cause neuronal toxicity through mitochondrial fission, dysregulation of Ca2+, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms of iron-induced oxidative stress and mitochondria- and ER-related iron toxicity in neuronal cells are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that iron overload induces ROS production earlier in the ER than in the mitochondria, and peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5), which is a kind of antioxidant induced by iron overload, prevents iron overload-induced mitochondrial fragmentation mediated by contact with ER and translocation of Drp1, by inhibiting ROS production and calcium/calcineurin pathway in HT-22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. Moreover, Prx5 also prevented iron overload-induced ER-stress and cleavage of caspase-3, which consequently attenuated neuronal cell death. Therefore, we suggested that iron overload induces oxidative stress in the ER earlier than in the mitochondria, thereby increasing ER stress and calcium levels, and consequently causing mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal cell death. So we thought that this study is essential for understanding iron toxicity in neurons, and Prx5 may serve as a new therapeutic target to prevent iron overload-induced diseases and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gil Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kam
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seop Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Shin Kwon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Shik Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
McLelland GL, Goiran T, Yi W, Dorval G, Chen CX, Lauinger ND, Krahn AI, Valimehr S, Rakovic A, Rouiller I, Durcan TM, Trempe JF, Fon EA. Mfn2 ubiquitination by PINK1/parkin gates the p97-dependent release of ER from mitochondria to drive mitophagy. eLife 2018; 7:32866. [PMID: 29676259 PMCID: PMC5927771 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance as signaling hubs, the function of mitochondria-ER contact sites in mitochondrial quality control pathways remains unexplored. Here we describe a mechanism by which Mfn2, a mitochondria-ER tether, gates the autophagic turnover of mitochondria by PINK1 and parkin. Mitochondria-ER appositions are destroyed during mitophagy, and reducing mitochondria-ER contacts increases the rate of mitochondrial degradation. Mechanistically, parkin/PINK1 catalyze a rapid burst of Mfn2 phosphoubiquitination to trigger p97-dependent disassembly of Mfn2 complexes from the outer mitochondrial membrane, dissociating mitochondria from the ER. We additionally demonstrate that a major portion of the facilitatory effect of p97 on mitophagy is epistatic to Mfn2 and promotes the availability of other parkin substrates such as VDAC1. Finally, we reconstitute the action of these factors on Mfn2 and VDAC1 ubiquitination in a cell-free assay. We show that mitochondria-ER tethering suppresses mitophagy and describe a parkin-/PINK1-dependent mechanism that regulates the destruction of mitochondria-ER contact sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gian-Luca McLelland
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas Goiran
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wei Yi
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Geneviève Dorval
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,iPSC-CRISPR Platform, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carol X Chen
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,iPSC-CRISPR Platform, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nadine D Lauinger
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,iPSC-CRISPR Platform, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andrea I Krahn
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sepideh Valimehr
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Isabelle Rouiller
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,iPSC-CRISPR Platform, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,iPSC-CRISPR Platform, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Definition of a High-Confidence Mitochondrial Proteome at Quantitative Scale. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2836-2852. [PMID: 28658629 PMCID: PMC5494306 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria perform central functions in cellular bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling, and their dysfunction has been linked to numerous diseases. The available studies cover only part of the mitochondrial proteome, and a separation of core mitochondrial proteins from associated fractions has not been achieved. We developed an integrative experimental approach to define the proteome of east mitochondria. We classified > 3,300 proteins of mitochondria and mitochondria-associated fractions and defined 901 high-confidence mitochondrial proteins, expanding the set of mitochondrial proteins by 82. Our analysis includes protein abundance under fermentable and nonfermentable growth, submitochondrial localization, single-protein experiments, and subcellular classification of mitochondria-associated fractions. We identified mitochondrial interactors of respiratory chain supercomplexes, ATP synthase, AAA proteases, the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS), and the coenzyme Q biosynthesis cluster, as well as mitochondrial proteins with dual cellular localization. The integrative proteome provides a high-confidence source for the characterization of physiological and pathophysiological functions of mitochondria and their integration into the cellular environment. Classification of > 3,300 proteins of mitochondria and associated fractions High-confidence mitochondrial proteome with absolute quantification and topology Interactors of oxidative phosphorylation complexes and cristae organizing system Identification of system linking respiratory chain and AAA quality control
Collapse
|
33
|
Morciano G, Marchi S, Morganti C, Sbano L, Bittremieux M, Kerkhofs M, Corricelli M, Danese A, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Wieckowski MR, Bultynck G, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Role of Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes in Calcium Regulation in Cancer-Specific Settings. Neoplasia 2018; 20:510-523. [PMID: 29626751 PMCID: PMC5916088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) are highly specialized subcellular compartments that are shaped by ER subdomains juxtaposed to mitochondria but are biochemically distinct from pure ER and pure mitochondria. MAMs are enriched in enzymes involved in lipid synthesis and transport, channels for calcium transfer, and proteins with oncogenic/oncosuppressive functions that modulate cell signaling pathways involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes. The term "cancer" denotes a group of disorders that result from uncontrolled cell growth driven by a mixture of genetic and environmental components. Alterations in MAMs are thought to account for the onset as well as the progression and metastasis of cancer and have been a focus of investigation in recent years. In this review, we present the current state of the art regarding MAM-resident proteins and their relevance, alterations, and deregulating functions in different types of cancer from a cell biology and clinical perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S.: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Morganti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Sbano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mart Bittremieux
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mariangela Corricelli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Danese
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Lab. Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1 Box 802, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology and LTTA center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, E.S.: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy; CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Picard M, McEwen BS, Epel ES, Sandi C. An energetic view of stress: Focus on mitochondria. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:72-85. [PMID: 29339091 PMCID: PMC5964020 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Energy is required to sustain life and enable stress adaptation. At the cellular level, energy is largely derived from mitochondria - unique multifunctional organelles with their own genome. Four main elements connect mitochondria to stress: (1) Energy is required at the molecular, (epi)genetic, cellular, organellar, and systemic levels to sustain components of stress responses; (2) Glucocorticoids and other steroid hormones are produced and metabolized by mitochondria; (3) Reciprocally, mitochondria respond to neuroendocrine and metabolic stress mediators; and (4) Experimentally manipulating mitochondrial functions alters physiological and behavioral responses to psychological stress. Thus, mitochondria are endocrine organelles that provide both the energy and signals that enable and direct stress adaptation. Neural circuits regulating social behavior - as well as psychopathological processes - are also influenced by mitochondrial energetics. An integrative view of stress as an energy-driven process opens new opportunities to study mechanisms of adaptation and regulation across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University, Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, The H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Bruce S McEwen
- Laboratory for Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fukuda T, Kanki T. Mechanisms and Physiological Roles of Mitophagy in Yeast. Mol Cells 2018; 41:35-44. [PMID: 29370687 PMCID: PMC5792711 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are responsible for supplying of most of the cell's energy via oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondria also can be deleterious for a cell because they are the primary source of reactive oxygen species, which are generated as a byproduct of respiration. Accumulation of mitochondrial and cellular oxidative damage leads to diverse pathologies. Thus, it is important to maintain a population of healthy and functional mitochondria for normal cellular metabolism. Eukaryotes have developed defense mechanisms to cope with aberrant mitochondria. Mitochondria autophagy (known as mitophagy) is thought to be one such process that selectively sequesters dysfunctional or excess mitochondria within double-membrane autophagosomes and carries them into lysosomes/vacuoles for degradation. The power of genetics and conservation of fundamental cellular processes among eukaryotes make yeast an excellent model for understanding the general mechanisms, regulation, and function of mitophagy. In budding yeast, a mitochondrial surface protein, Atg32, serves as a mitochondrial receptor for selective autophagy that interacts with Atg11, an adaptor protein for selective types of autophagy, and Atg8, a ubiquitin-like protein localized to the isolation membrane. Atg32 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally to control mitophagy. Moreover, because Atg32 is a mitophagy-specific protein, analysis of its deficient mutant enables investigation of the physiological roles of mitophagy. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functional importance of mitophagy in yeast at multiple levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fukuda
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510,
Japan
| | - Tomotake Kanki
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ruiz M, Bégou M, Launay N, Ranea-Robles P, Bianchi P, López-Erauskin J, Morató L, Guilera C, Petit B, Vaurs-Barriere C, Guéret-Gonthier C, Bonnet-Dupeyron MN, Fourcade S, Auwerx J, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Pujol A. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics malfunction are linked in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:611-630. [PMID: 29027761 PMCID: PMC8028267 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a fatal hypomyelinating disorder characterized by early impairment of motor development, nystagmus, choreoathetotic movements, ataxia and progressive spasticity. PMD is caused by variations in the proteolipid protein gene PLP1, which encodes the two major myelin proteins of the central nervous system, PLP and its spliced isoform DM20, in oligodendrocytes. Large duplications including the entire PLP1 gene are the most frequent causative mutation leading to the classical form of PMD. The Plp1 overexpressing mouse model (PLP‐tg66/66) develops a phenotype very similar to human PMD, with early and severe motor dysfunction and a dramatic decrease in lifespan. The sequence of cellular events that cause neurodegeneration and ultimately death is poorly understood. In this work, we analyzed patient‐derived fibroblasts and spinal cords of the PLP‐tg66/66 mouse model, and identified redox imbalance, with altered antioxidant defense and oxidative damage to several enzymes involved in ATP production, such as glycolytic enzymes, creatine kinase and mitochondrial proteins from the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. We also evidenced malfunction of the mitochondria compartment with increased ROS production and depolarization in PMD patient's fibroblasts, which was prevented by the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐cysteine. Finally, we uncovered an impairment of mitochondrial dynamics in patient's fibroblasts which may help explain the ultrastructural abnormalities of mitochondria morphology detected in spinal cords from PLP‐tg66/66 mice. Altogether, these results underscore the link between redox and metabolic homeostasis in myelin diseases, provide insight into the pathophysiology of PMD, and may bear implications for tailored pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Ruiz
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Mélina Bégou
- Inserm, UMR 1107, NEURO-DOL, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, NEURO-DOL, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathalie Launay
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Patrizia Bianchi
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Jone López-Erauskin
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Laia Morató
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Cristina Guilera
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Bérengère Petit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | - Stéphane Fourcade
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris (APHP), Reference Center for Rare Diseases "Leukodystrophies," Child Neurology and Metabolic Disorders Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France.,Inserm, Paris Diderot University UMR 1141, DHU PROTECT, Sorbonne Paris-Cite, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aurora Pujol
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Spain.,Institute of Neuropathology, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Matsumoto T, Uchiumi T, Monji K, Yagi M, Setoyama D, Amamoto R, Matsushima Y, Shiota M, Eto M, Kang D. Doxycycline induces apoptosis via ER stress selectively to cells with a cancer stem cell-like properties: importance of stem cell plasticity. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:397. [PMID: 29184058 PMCID: PMC5868058 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity can be traced back to a small subset of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which can be derived from a single stem cell and show chemoresistance. Recent studies showed that CSCs are sensitive to mitochondrial targeting antibiotics such as doxycycline. However, little is known about how cancer cells undergo sphere formation and how antibiotics inhibit CSC proliferation. Here we show that under sphere-forming assay conditions, prostate cancer cells acquired CSC-like properties: promoted mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, expression of characteristic CSC markers and resistance to anticancer agents. Furthermore, those CSC-like properties could reversibly change depending on the culture conditions, suggesting some kinds of CSCs have plasticity in tumor microenvironments. The sphere-forming cells (i.e. cancer stem-like cells) showed increased contact between mitochondria and mitochondrial associated-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAM). Mitochondrial targeting doxycycline induced activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) mediated expression of ER stress response and led to p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA)-dependent apoptosis only in the cancer stem-like cells. We also found that doxycycline effectively suppressed the sphere formation in vitro and blocked CD44v9-expressing tumor growth in vivo. In summary, these data provide new molecular findings that monolayer cancer cells acquire CSC-like properties in a reversible manner. These findings provide important insights into CSC biology and a potential new treatment of targeting mitochondria dependency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Monji
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikako Yagi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Rie Amamoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Seinan Jo Gakuin University, 1-3-5 Ibori, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-0835, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsushima
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Nguyen et al. (2017) show that lipid droplets serve a dual purpose during starvation. First, they act as an energy source by supplying fatty acids for mitochondrial β oxidation. Second, they sequester toxic lipids that arise during autophagic degradation of membranous organelles, thereby protecting mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Klecker
- Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Ralf J Braun
- Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vincent AE, Turnbull DM, Eisner V, Hajnóczky G, Picard M. Mitochondrial Nanotunnels. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:787-799. [PMID: 28935166 PMCID: PMC5749270 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Insight into the regulation of complex physiological systems emerges from understanding how biological units communicate with each other. Recent findings show that mitochondria communicate at a distance with each other via nanotunnels, thin double-membrane protrusions that connect the matrices of non-adjacent mitochondria. Emerging evidence suggest that mitochondrial nanotunnels are generated by immobilized mitochondria and transport proteins. This review integrates data from the evolutionarily conserved structure and function of intercellular projections in bacteria with recent developments in mitochondrial imaging that permit nanotunnel visualization in eukaryotes. Cell type-specificity, timescales, and the selective size-based diffusion of biomolecules along nanotunnels are also discussed. The joining of individual mitochondria into dynamic networks of communicating organelles via nanotunnels and other mechanisms has major implications for organelle and cellular behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neurosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Veronica Eisner
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, The Merritt Center and Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ellenrieder L, Rampelt H, Becker T. Connection of Protein Transport and Organelle Contact Sites in Mitochondria. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2148-2160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
41
|
The Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection: How and Why? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061126. [PMID: 28538669 PMCID: PMC5485950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, peroxisomes have emerged as key regulators in overall cellular lipid and reactive oxygen species metabolism. In mammals, these organelles have also been recognized as important hubs in redox-, lipid-, inflammatory-, and innate immune-signaling networks. To exert these activities, peroxisomes must interact both functionally and physically with other cell organelles. This review provides a comprehensive look of what is currently known about the interconnectivity between peroxisomes and mitochondria within mammalian cells. We first outline how peroxisomal and mitochondrial abundance are controlled by common sets of cis- and trans-acting factors. Next, we discuss how peroxisomes and mitochondria may communicate with each other at the molecular level. In addition, we reflect on how these organelles cooperate in various metabolic and signaling pathways. Finally, we address why peroxisomes and mitochondria have to maintain a healthy relationship and why defects in one organelle may cause dysfunction in the other. Gaining a better insight into these issues is pivotal to understanding how these organelles function in their environment, both in health and disease.
Collapse
|
42
|
Marchi S, Patergnani S, Missiroli S, Morciano G, Rimessi A, Wieckowski MR, Giorgi C, Pinton P. Mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis and cell death. Cell Calcium 2017; 69:62-72. [PMID: 28515000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria cannot be considered as static structures, as they intimately communicate, forming very dynamic platforms termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). In particular, the ER transmits proper Ca2+ signals to mitochondria, which decode them into specific inputs to regulate essential functions, including metabolism, energy production and apoptosis. Here, we will describe the different molecular players involved in the transfer of Ca2+ ions from the ER lumen to the mitochondrial matrix and how modifications in both ER-mitochondria contact sites and Ca2+ signaling can alter the cell death execution program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Marchi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Dept. of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Eisenberg-Bord M, Schuldiner M. Mitochatting - If only we could be a fly on the cell wall. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1469-1480. [PMID: 28433686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, cellular metabolic hubs, perform many essential processes and are required for the production of metabolites such as ATP, iron-sulfur clusters, heme, amino acids and nucleotides. To fulfill their multiple roles, mitochondria must communicate with all other organelles to exchange small molecules, ions and lipids. Since mitochondria are largely excluded from vesicular trafficking routes, they heavily rely on membrane contact sites. Contact sites are areas of close proximity between organelles that allow efficient transfer of molecules, saving the need for slow and untargeted diffusion through the cytosol. More globally, multiple metabolic pathways require coordination between mitochondria and additional organelles and mitochondrial activity affects all other cellular entities and vice versa. Therefore, uncovering the different means of mitochondrial communication will allow us a better understanding of mitochondria and may illuminate disease processes that occur in the absence of proper cross-talk. In this review we focus on how mitochondria interact with all other organelles and emphasize how this communication is essential for mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Contact Sites edited by Christian Ungermann and Benoit Kornmann.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Eisenberg-Bord
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Braun RJ, Westermann B. With the Help of MOM: Mitochondrial Contributions to Cellular Quality Control. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:441-452. [PMID: 28291566 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles because they have key roles in cellular energy metabolism and many other metabolic pathways. Several quality control systems have evolved to ensure that dysfunctional mitochondria are either repaired or eliminated. The activities of these pathways are crucial for cellular health because they maintain functional mitochondria. In addition, the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the mitochondria-associated degradation pathway (MAD) share some of their core components, are functionally tightly interconnected, and mutually modulate their activities. Thus, the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) actively supports quality control systems in extramitochondrial compartments. Furthermore, mitochondrial quality surveillance systems also act on cytosolic or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) substrates and modulate immune responses. Therefore, mitochondria contribute to cellular quality control and homeostasis on several levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J Braun
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Westermann
- Institut für Zellbiologie, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ba Q, Yang G. Intracellular organelle networks: Understanding their organization and communication through systems-level modeling and analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-016-1436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
46
|
Filadi R, Theurey P, Pizzo P. The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling in health and disease: Molecules, functions and significance. Cell Calcium 2017; 62:1-15. [PMID: 28108029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The close apposition between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria represents a key platform, capable to regulate different fundamental cellular pathways. Among these, Ca2+ signaling and lipid homeostasis have been demonstrated over the last years to be deeply modulated by ER-mitochondria cross-talk. Given its importance in cell life/death decisions, increasing evidence suggests that alterations of the ER-mitochondria axis could be responsible for the onset and progression of several diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer and obesity. However, the molecular identity of the proteins controlling this inter-organelle apposition is still debated. In this review, we summarize the main cellular pathways controlled by ER-mitochondria appositions, focusing on the principal molecules reported to be involved in this interplay and on those diseases for which alterations in organelles communication have been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Pierre Theurey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Over Six Decades of Discovery and Characterization of the Architecture at Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 997:13-31. [PMID: 28815519 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of proteins regulating ER-mitochondria tethering including phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2) and mitofusin-2 has pushed contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria into the spotlight of cell biology. While the field is developing rapidly and controversies have come and gone multiple times during its history, it is sometimes overlooked that significant research has been done decades ago with the original discovery of these structures in the 1950s and the first characterization of their function (and coining of the term mitochondria-associated membrane, MAM) in 1990. Today, an ever-increasing array of proteins localize to the MAM fraction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to regulate the interaction of this organelle with mitochondria. These mitochondria-ER contacts, sometimes referred to as MERCs, regulate a multitude of biological functions, including lipid metabolism, Ca2+ signaling, bioenergetics, inflammation, autophagy, mitochondrial structure, and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
48
|
Belgareh-Touzé N, Cavellini L, Cohen MM. Ubiquitination of ERMES components by the E3 ligase Rsp5 is involved in mitophagy. Autophagy 2016; 13:114-132. [PMID: 27846375 PMCID: PMC5240830 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1252889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo permanent fission and fusion events. These processes play an essential role in maintaining normal cellular function. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial encounter structure (ERMES) is a marker of sites of mitochondrial division, but it is also involved in a plethora of other mitochondrial functions. However, it remains unclear how these different functions are regulated. We show here that Mdm34 and Mdm12, 2 components of ERMES, are ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase Rsp5. This ubiquitination is not involved in mitochondrial dynamics or in the distribution and turnover of ERMES. Nevertheless, the ubiquitination of Mdm34 and Mdm12 was required for efficient mitophagy. We thus report here the first identification of ubiquitinated substrates participating in yeast mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naïma Belgareh-Touzé
- a UMR8226, CNRS/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , Paris , France
| | - Laetitia Cavellini
- a UMR8226, CNRS/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , Paris , France
| | - Mickael M Cohen
- a UMR8226, CNRS/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique , Paris , France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Global Fitness Profiling Identifies Arsenic and Cadmium Tolerance Mechanisms in Fission Yeast. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:3317-3333. [PMID: 27558664 PMCID: PMC5068951 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.033829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals and metalloids such as cadmium [Cd(II)] and arsenic [As(III)] are widespread environmental toxicants responsible for multiple adverse health effects in humans. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metal-induced cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis, as well as the detoxification and tolerance pathways, are incompletely understood. Here, we use global fitness profiling by barcode sequencing to quantitatively survey the Schizosaccharomyces pombe haploid deletome for genes that confer tolerance of cadmium or arsenic. We identified 106 genes required for cadmium resistance and 110 genes required for arsenic resistance, with a highly significant overlap of 36 genes. A subset of these 36 genes account for almost all proteins required for incorporating sulfur into the cysteine-rich glutathione and phytochelatin peptides that chelate cadmium and arsenic. A requirement for Mms19 is explained by its role in directing iron–sulfur cluster assembly into sulfite reductase as opposed to promoting DNA repair, as DNA damage response genes were not enriched among those required for cadmium or arsenic tolerance. Ubiquinone, siroheme, and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate biosynthesis were also identified as critical for Cd/As tolerance. Arsenic-specific pathways included prefoldin-mediated assembly of unfolded proteins and protein targeting to the peroxisome, whereas cadmium-specific pathways included plasma membrane and vacuolar transporters, as well as Spt–Ada–Gcn5-acetyltransferase (SAGA) transcriptional coactivator that controls expression of key genes required for cadmium tolerance. Notable differences are apparent with corresponding screens in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, underscoring the utility of analyzing toxic metal defense mechanisms in both organisms.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ellenrieder L, Opaliński Ł, Becker L, Krüger V, Mirus O, Straub SP, Ebell K, Flinner N, Stiller SB, Guiard B, Meisinger C, Wiedemann N, Schleiff E, Wagner R, Pfanner N, Becker T. Separating mitochondrial protein assembly and endoplasmic reticulum tethering by selective coupling of Mdm10. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13021. [PMID: 27721450 PMCID: PMC5476798 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) connects the mitochondrial outer membrane with the ER. Multiple functions have been linked to ERMES, including maintenance of mitochondrial morphology, protein assembly and phospholipid homeostasis. Since the mitochondrial distribution and morphology protein Mdm10 is present in both ERMES and the mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery (SAM), it is unknown how the ERMES functions are connected on a molecular level. Here we report that conserved surface areas on opposite sides of the Mdm10 β-barrel interact with SAM and ERMES, respectively. We generated point mutants to separate protein assembly (SAM) from morphology and phospholipid homeostasis (ERMES). Our study reveals that the β-barrel channel of Mdm10 serves different functions. Mdm10 promotes the biogenesis of α-helical and β-barrel proteins at SAM and functions as integral membrane anchor of ERMES, demonstrating that SAM-mediated protein assembly is distinct from ER-mitochondria contact sites. The protein Mdm10 is known to be present in the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) and in mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery (SAM). Here, the authors examine how this protein interacts with SAM and EMRES, showing that the SAM-mediated protein machinery is independent of ERMES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Ellenrieder
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Lars Becker
- Division of Biophysics, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49034, Germany
| | - Vivien Krüger
- Division of Biophysics, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49034, Germany
| | - Oliver Mirus
- Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt D-60438, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Straub
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Katharina Ebell
- Division of Biophysics, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49034, Germany
| | - Nadine Flinner
- Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt D-60438, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Stiller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Bernard Guiard
- Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Chris Meisinger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt D-60438, Germany.,Buchmann Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt D-60438, Germany
| | - Richard Wagner
- Division of Biophysics, School of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück D-49034, Germany.,Life Sciences &Chemistry, Focus Area Health, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen D-28759, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| |
Collapse
|