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Sakamoto R, Murrell MP. Composite branched and linear F-actin maximize myosin-induced membrane shape changes in a biomimetic cell model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:840. [PMID: 38987288 PMCID: PMC11236970 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06528-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The architecture of the actin cortex determines the generation and transmission of stresses, during key events from cell division to migration. However, its impact on myosin-induced cell shape changes remains unclear. Here, we reconstitute a minimal model of the actomyosin cortex with branched or linear F-actin architecture within giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs, liposomes). Upon light activation of myosin, neither the branched nor linear F-actin architecture alone induces significant liposome shape changes. The branched F-actin network forms an integrated, membrane-bound "no-slip boundary" -like cortex that attenuates actomyosin contractility. By contrast, the linear F-actin network forms an unintegrated "slip boundary" -like cortex, where actin asters form without inducing membrane deformations. Notably, liposomes undergo significant deformations at an optimized balance of branched and linear F-actin networks. Our findings highlight the pivotal roles of branched F-actin in force transmission and linear F-actin in force generation to yield membrane shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 10 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, USA
- Systems Biology Institute, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael P Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 10 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Systems Biology Institute, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Physics, Yale University, 217 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Chatterjee P, Mukherjee S, Majumder P. Shaping Drosophila eggs: unveiling the roles of Arpc1 and cpb in morphogenesis. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38960936 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The Drosophila egg chamber (EC) starts as a spherical tissue at the beginning. With maturation, the outer follicle cells of EC collectively migrate in a direction perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis, to shape EC from spherical to ellipsoidal. Filamentous actin (F-actin) plays a significant role in shaping individual migratory cells to the overall EC shape, like in every cell migration. The primary focus of this article is to unveil the function of different Actin Binding Proteins (ABPs) in regulating mature Drosophila egg shape. We have screened 66 ABPs, and the genetic screening data revealed that individual knockdown of Arp2/3 complex genes and the "capping protein β" (cpb) gene have severely altered the egg phenotype. Arpc1 and cpb RNAi mediated knockdown resulted in the formation of spherical eggs which are devoid of dorsal appendages. Studies also showed the role of Arpc1 and cpb on the number of laid eggs and follicle cell morphology. Furthermore, the depletion of Arpc1 and cpb resulted in a change in F-actin quantity. Together, the data indicate that Arpc1 and cpb regulate Drosophila egg shape, F-actin management, egg-laying characteristics and dorsal appendages formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Sandipan Mukherjee
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Pralay Majumder
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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3
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Wetten PA, Arismendi Sosa AC, Mariani ML, Vargas PM, Michaut MA, Penissi AB. Dehydroleucodine and xanthatin, two natural anti-inflammatory lactones, inhibit mast cell degranulation by affecting the actin cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024; 81:215-226. [PMID: 37929805 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin remodeling is a critical regulator of mast cell secretion. In previous work, we have shown that dehydroleucodine and xanthatin, two natural α,β-unsaturated lactones, exhibit anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing properties. Based on this background, this study aimed to determine whether the mast cell stabilizing action of these lactones is associated with changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Rat peritoneal mast cells were preincubated in the presence of dehydroleucodine or xanthatin before incubation with compound 48/80. Comparative studies with sodium cromoglycate and latrunculin B were also made. After treatments, different assays were performed on mast cell samples: β-hexosaminidase release, cell viability studies, quantification of mast cells and their state of degranulation by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and actin staining for microscopy observation. Results showed that dehydroleucodine and xanthatin inhibited mast cell degranulation, evidenced by the inhibition of β-hexosaminidase release and decreased degranulated mast cell percentage. At the same time, both lactones altered the F-actin cytoskeleton in mast cells resulting, similarly to Latrunculin B, in a higher concentration of nuclear F-actin when activated by compound 48/80. For the first time, this study describes the biological properties of dehydroleucodine and xanthatin concerning to the rearrangement of actin filaments during stimulated exocytosis in mast cells. These data have important implications for developing new anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizing drugs and for designing new small molecules that may interact with the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Wetten
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - María Laura Mariani
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia M Vargas
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marcela Alejandra Michaut
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alicia Beatriz Penissi
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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4
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Miao PD, Li Y, Jiang YD. Celestial Insights: Unraveling the Role of miR-3682-3p in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00690. [PMID: 38334941 PMCID: PMC11042776 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a formidable oncological challenge, calling for innovative therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. MicroRNAs have emerged as key regulators in cancer, and miR-3682-3p shows potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC. We conducted a comprehensive study to uncover its role in HCC biology, revealing dysregulation and clinical associations. Target gene analysis provided insights into potential molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we explored its impact on the tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, and therapy responses. Our findings highlight miR-3682-3p as a promising candidate for further investigations and potential therapeutic strategies in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Dong Miao
- Dalian No.3 People's Hospital, Department of Interventional Radiology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian 7th People's Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yu-Dong Jiang
- Dalian No.3 People's Hospital, Department of Interventional Radiology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Mallipattu SK. The loss of profilin1 is catastrophic to podocytes. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e175594. [PMID: 38099501 PMCID: PMC10721137 DOI: 10.1172/jci175594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilin1 belongs to a family of small monomeric actin-binding proteins with diverse roles in fundamental actin-dependent cellular processes required for cell survival. Podocytes are postmitotic visceral epithelial cells critical for the structure and function of the kidney filtration barrier. There is emerging evidence that the actin-related mode of cell death known as mitotic catastrophe is an important pathway involved in podocyte loss. In this issue of the JCI, Tian, Pedigo, and colleagues demonstrate that profilin1 deficiency in podocytes triggered cell cycle reentry, resulting in abortive cytokinesis with a loss in ribosomal RNA processing that leads to podocyte loss and glomerulosclerosis. This study demonstrates the essential role of actin dynamics in mediating this fundamental mode of podocyte cell death.
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Gajardo T, Bernard M, Lô M, Turck E, Leveau C, El-Daher MT, Deslys A, Panikulam P, Menche C, Kurowska M, Le Lay G, Barbier L, Moshous D, Neven B, Farin HF, Fischer A, Ménasché G, de Saint Basile G, Vargas P, Sepulveda FE. Actin dynamics regulation by TTC7A/PI4KIIIα limits DNA damage and cell death under confinement. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:949-960. [PMID: 37390900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The actin cytoskeleton has a crucial role in the maintenance of the immune homeostasis by controlling various cellular processes, including cell migration. Mutations in TTC7A have been described as the cause of a primary immunodeficiency associated to different degrees of gut involvement and alterations in the actin cytoskeleton dynamics. OBJECTIVES This study investigates the impact of TTC7A deficiency in immune homeostasis. In particular, the role of the TTC7A/phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase type III α pathway in the control of leukocyte migration and actin dynamics. METHODS Microfabricated devices were leveraged to study cell migration and actin dynamics of murine and patient-derived leukocytes under confinement at the single-cell level. RESULTS We show that TTC7A-deficient lymphocytes exhibit an altered cell migration and reduced capacity to deform through narrow gaps. Mechanistically, TTC7A-deficient phenotype resulted from impaired phosphoinositide signaling, leading to the downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/RHOA regulatory axis and imbalanced actin cytoskeleton dynamics. TTC7A-associated phenotype resulted in impaired cell motility, accumulation of DNA damage, and increased cell death in dense 3-dimensional gels in the presence of chemokines. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight a novel role of TTC7A as a critical regulator of lymphocyte migration. Impairment of this cellular function is likely to contribute to the pathophysiology underlying progressive immunodeficiency in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Gajardo
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Bernard
- UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences and Letters Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie Lô
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Turck
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claire Leveau
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse El-Daher
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Deslys
- Leukomotion Lab, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Panikulam
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Constantin Menche
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mathieu Kurowska
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gregoire Le Lay
- UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences and Letters Research University, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Barbier
- UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences and Letters Research University, Paris, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Pediatric Immunology Hematology and Rheumatology Department, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Pediatric Immunology Hematology and Rheumatology Department, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Henner F Farin
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Main, Germany; Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alain Fischer
- Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Pediatric Immunology Hematology and Rheumatology Department, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Gaël Ménasché
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève de Saint Basile
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre d'Etude des Déficits Immunitaires, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- UMR 144, Institut Curie, Paris, France; Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Paris Sciences and Letters Research University, Paris, France; Leukomotion Lab, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | - Fernando E Sepulveda
- Molecular Basis of Altered Immune Homeostasis Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1163, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France; CNRS, Paris, France.
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Jin L, Ma J, Chen Z, Wang F, Li Z, Shang Z, Dong J. Osteoarthritis related epigenetic variations in miRNA expression and DNA methylation. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:163. [PMID: 37434153 PMCID: PMC10337191 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is chronic arthritis characterized by articular cartilage degradation. However, a comprehensive regulatory network for OA-related microRNAs and DNA methylation modifications has yet to be established. Thus, we aimed to identify epigenetic changes in microRNAs and DNA methylation and establish the regulatory network between miRNAs and DNA methylation. The mRNA, miRNA, and DNA methylation expression profiles of healthy or osteoarthritis articular cartilage samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including GSE169077, GSE175961, and GSE162484. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were analyzed by the online tool GEO2R. DAVID and STRING databases were applied for functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Potential therapeutic compounds for the treatment of OA were identified by Connectivity map (CMap) analysis. A total of 1424 up-regulated DEGs, 1558 down-regulated DEGs, 5 DEMs with high expression, 6 DEMs with low expression, 1436 hypermethylated genes, and 455 hypomethylated genes were selected. A total of 136 up-regulated and 65 downregulated genes were identified by overlapping DEGs and DEMs predicted target genes which were enriched in apoptosis and circadian rhythm. A total of 39 hypomethylated and 117 hypermethylated genes were obtained by overlapping DEGs and DMGs, which were associated with ECM receptor interactions and cellular metabolic processes, cell connectivity, and transcription. Moreover, The PPI network showed COL5A1, COL6A1, LAMA4, T3GAL6A, and TP53 were the most connective proteins. After overlapping of DEGs, DMGs and DEMs predicted targeted genes, 4 up-regulated genes and 11 down-regulated genes were enriched in the Axon guidance pathway. The top ten genes ranked by PPI network connectivity degree in the up-regulated and downregulated overlapping genes of DEGs and DMGs were further analyzed by the CMap database, and nine chemicals were predicted as potential drugs for the treatment of OA. In conclusion, TP53, COL5A1, COL6A1, LAMA4, and ST3GAL6 may play important roles in OA genesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hebei Medical University-National University of Ireland Galway Stem Cell Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Zhikuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Ziqi Shang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China.
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Lu C, Wu X, Wang X, Xiao Z, Ma L, Dai J, Jian F. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals ependymal subtypes related to cytoskeleton dynamics as the core driver of syringomyelia pathological development. iScience 2023; 26:106850. [PMID: 37275526 PMCID: PMC10232665 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Syringomyelia is a common clinical lesion associated with cerebrospinal fluid flow abnormalities. By a reversible model with chronic extradural compression to mimic human canalicular syringomyelia, we explored the spatiotemporal pathological alterations during syrinx development. The most dynamic alterations were observed in ependymal cells (EPCs), oligodendrocyte lineage, and microglia, as a response to neuroinflammation. Among different cell types, EPC subtypes experienced obvious dynamic alterations, which were accompanied by ultrastructural changes involving the ependymal cytoskeleton, cilia, and dynamic injury in parenchyma primarily around the central canal, corresponding to the single-cell transcripts. After effective decompression, the syrinx resolved with the recovery of pathological damage and overall neurological function, implying that for syringomyelia in the early stage, there was still endogenous repair potential coexisting with immune microenvironment imbalance. Ependymal remodeling and cilia restoration might be important for better resolution of syringomyelia and parenchymal injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Lu
- Division of Spine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (CCMU), Beijing, China
- Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, CCMU, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Function Reconstruction, CHINA-INI, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xianming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (CCMU), Beijing, China
- Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, CCMU, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Function Reconstruction, CHINA-INI, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Longbing Ma
- Division of Spine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (CCMU), Beijing, China
- Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, CCMU, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Function Reconstruction, CHINA-INI, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fengzeng Jian
- Division of Spine, Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University (CCMU), Beijing, China
- Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, CCMU, Beijing, China
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Function Reconstruction, CHINA-INI, Beijing, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China
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Wang X, Zhang C, Song H, Yuan J, Zhang X, Yuan Y, Zhang L, He J. Characterization of LIMA1 and its emerging roles and potential therapeutic prospects in cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1115943. [PMID: 37274282 PMCID: PMC10235525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin is the most abundant and highly conserved cytoskeletal protein present in all eukaryotic cells. Remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton is controlled by a variety of actin-binding proteins that are extensively involved in biological processes such as cell motility and maintenance of cell shape. LIM domain and actin-binding protein 1 (LIMA1), as an important actin cytoskeletal regulator, was initially thought to be a tumor suppressor frequently downregulated in epithelial tumors. Importantly, the deficiency of LIMA1 may be responsible for dysregulated cytoskeletal dynamics, altered cell motility and disrupted cell-cell adhesion, which promote tumor proliferation, invasion and migration. As research progresses, the roles of LIMA1 extend from cytoskeletal dynamics and cell motility to cell division, gene regulation, apical extrusion, angiogenesis, cellular metabolism and lipid metabolism. However, the expression of LIMA1 in malignant tumors and its mechanism of action have not yet been elucidated, and many problems and challenges remain to be addressed. Therefore, this review systematically describes the structure and biological functions of LIMA1 and explores its expression and regulatory mechanism in malignant tumors, and further discusses its clinical value and therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huangqin Song
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junlong Yuan
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yiran Yuan
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Institute of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiefeng He
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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10
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Begum HM, Shen K. Intracellular and microenvironmental regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential in cancer cells. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1595. [PMID: 36597256 PMCID: PMC10176868 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells have an abnormally high mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ), which is associated with enhanced invasive properties in vitro and increased metastases in vivo. The mechanisms underlying the abnormal ΔΨm in cancer cells remain unclear. Research on different cell types has shown that ΔΨm is regulated by various intracellular mechanisms such as by mitochondrial inner and outer membrane ion transporters, cytoskeletal elements, and biochemical signaling pathways. On the other hand, the role of extrinsic, tumor microenvironment (TME) derived cues in regulating ΔΨm is not well defined. In this review, we first summarize the existing literature on intercellular mechanisms of ΔΨm regulation, with a focus on cancer cells. We then offer our perspective on the different ways through which the microenvironmental cues such as hypoxia and mechanical stresses may regulate cancer cell ΔΨm . This article is categorized under: Cancer > Environmental Factors Cancer > Biomedical Engineering Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hydari Masuma Begum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Keyue Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- USC Stem Cell, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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11
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EVL Promotes Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells via Activating JNK Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:7585111. [PMID: 36684389 PMCID: PMC9851786 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7585111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were recognized as a suitable and promising source of stem cells in dental pulp regeneration. However, the mechanism by which hDPSCs differentiation into osteo-/odontogenic lineage remains unclear. Ena/VASP-like protein (EVL) has been found to be involved in diverse biological processes. In this study, we explored the role and underlying mechanism of EVL in osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Methods Expression of EVL was detected in hDPSCs by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) analyses during osteo-/odontogenic differentiation. The function of EVL in osteo-/odontogenic differentiation and involvement of MAPK signaling pathways were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and activity, alizarin red staining (ARS), and qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. Results The expression of EVL was upregulated during osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Overexpression of EVL significantly increased osteo-/odontogenic capacity of hDPSCs, which was reflected in increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation, and the expressions of genes related to osteo-/odontogenic differentiation, while downregulation of EVL inhibited it. In addition, EVL activated the JNK pathway and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK during differentiation procedure of hDPSCs. The EVL-enhanced differentiation of DPSCs was suppressed by blocking the JNK pathway, rather than the p38 MAPK pathway. Conclusion EVL promotes the osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs by activating the JNK pathway, providing a future target for osteo-/odontogenic differentiation and dental pulp regeneration.
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12
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Garcia G, Bar‐Ziv R, Averbukh M, Dasgupta N, Dutta N, Zhang H, Fan W, Moaddeli D, Tsui CK, Castro Torres T, Alcala A, Moehle EA, Hoang S, Shalem O, Adams PD, Thorwald MA, Higuchi‐Sanabria R. Large-scale genetic screens identify BET-1 as a cytoskeleton regulator promoting actin function and life span. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13742. [PMID: 36404134 PMCID: PMC9835578 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a three-dimensional scaffold of proteins that is a regulatory, energyconsuming network with dynamic properties to shape the structure and function of the cell. Proper actin function is required for many cellular pathways, including cell division, autophagy, chaperone function, endocytosis, and exocytosis. Deterioration of these processes manifests during aging and exposure to stress, which is in part due to the breakdown of the actin cytoskeleton. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in preservation of cytoskeletal form and function are not well-understood. Here, we performed a multipronged, cross-organismal screen combining a whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 screen in human fibroblasts with in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans synthetic lethality screening. We identified the bromodomain protein, BET-1, as a key regulator of actin function and longevity. Overexpression of bet-1 preserves actin function at late age and promotes life span and healthspan in C. elegans. These beneficial effects are mediated through actin preservation by the transcriptional regulator function of BET-1. Together, our discovery assigns a key role for BET-1 in cytoskeletal health, highlighting regulatory cellular networks promoting cytoskeletal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Garcia
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Raz Bar‐Ziv
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteThe University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maxim Averbukh
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nirmalya Dasgupta
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno‐oncology ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Naibedya Dutta
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteThe University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Wudi Fan
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteThe University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Darius Moaddeli
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - C. Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteThe University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Toni Castro Torres
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Athena Alcala
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erica A. Moehle
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteThe University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sally Hoang
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peter D. Adams
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno‐oncology ProgramSanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Max A. Thorwald
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ryo Higuchi‐Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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13
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Chen M, Pan Y, Liu H, Ning F, Lu Q, Duan Y, Gan X, Lu S, Hou H, Zhang M, Tian Y, Lash GE. Ezrin accelerates breast cancer liver metastasis through promoting furin-like convertase-mediated cleavage of Notch1. Cell Oncol 2022; 46:571-587. [PMID: 36580262 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00761-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ezrin, known as a crosslinker between the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton, is closely associated with breast cancer (BC) progression. Here, we explored a novel role of ezrin in breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM). METHODS The clinical relevance of ezrin was evaluated using in silico tools and confirmed in BC specimens. The effect of ezrin on proliferation, migration and invasion was examined in vitro and in vivo using murine primary liver-metastatic breast cancer cells (mLM). The molecular mechanism involved in ezrin-mediated activation of the Notch1 signaling pathway was elucidated using in vitro models. RESULTS Data-mining demonstrated that ezrin mRNA and protein expression is up-regulated in breast cancer cohorts and has prognostic significance. Ezrin overexpression promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1) is one of the most significantly enriched candidates of differentially expressed genes in ezrin overexpression and control mLM cells. Ezrin can positively regulate Hes1 mRNA and protein expression, and their coexpression was associated with poor prognosis in BC patients. Ezrin promoted BC cell proliferation in a Hes1-dependent manner without directly interacting with Hes1. The functional link between ezrin and Hes1 is dependent on Notch1 activation through promotion of furin-like convertase cleavage. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that ezrin drives BCLM through activation of the Notch signaling pathway via furin-like convertase. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanism of ezrin in breast cancer progression, with the goal of discovering a novel target for the treatment of BCLM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaojuan Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Hanbo Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Fen Ning
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Qinsheng Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yaoyun Duan
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xiaowen Gan
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Shenjiao Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Huomei Hou
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Surgery, Zhaoqing Medical College, Guangdong, 526070, China.
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
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14
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Diao X, Guo C, Li S. Identification of a novel anoikis-related gene signature to predict prognosis and tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Thorac Cancer 2022; 14:320-330. [PMID: 36507553 PMCID: PMC9870742 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent histotype of non-small cell lung cancer. Anoikis, an alternative form of programmed cell death, plays a pivotal role in cancer invasion and metastasis, preventing the detached cancer cells from readhering to other substrates for abnormal proliferation. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analyses of the prognostic implications of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in LUAD. METHODS ARGs were selected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Genecards dataset using differential expression analysis. The signature incorporating ARGs was identified using univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. Furthermore, a nomogram containing the signature and clinical information was developed through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the predictive validity of these risk models. Finally, functional analysis of the selected ARGs in signature and analysis of immune landscape were also conducted. RESULTS A 16-gene signature was integrated to stratify LUAD patients into different survival risk groups. The prognostic risk score generated from the signature and TNM stage were identified as independent prognostic factors and utilized to develop a nomogram. Both the signature and the nomogram showed satisfactory prediction performance in predicting overall survival (OS) of LUAD patients. The ARGs were enriched in several biological functions and signaling pathways. Finally, differences of immune landscape were investigated among the high- and low-risk groups stratified by the signature. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed potential relationships between ARGs and prognosis of LUAD. The prognostic predictors identified in present study could be utilized as potential biomarkers for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayao Diao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shanqing Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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15
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Molina-Pelayo C, Olguin P, Mlodzik M, Glavic A. The conserved Pelado/ZSWIM8 protein regulates actin dynamics by promoting linear actin filament polymerization. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/12/e202201484. [PMID: 35940847 PMCID: PMC9375228 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filament polymerization can be branched or linear, which depends on the associated regulatory proteins. Competition for actin monomers occurs between proteins that induce branched or linear actin polymerization. Cell specialization requires the regulation of actin filaments to allow the formation of cell type-specific structures, like cuticular hairs in Drosophila, formed by linear actin filaments. Here, we report the functional analysis of CG34401/pelado, a gene encoding a SWIM domain-containing protein, conserved throughout the animal kingdom, called ZSWIM8 in mammals. Mutant pelado epithelial cells display actin hair elongation defects. This phenotype is reversed by increasing actin monomer levels or by either pushing linear actin polymerization or reducing branched actin polymerization. Similarly, in hemocytes, Pelado is essential to induce filopodia, a linear actin-based structure. We further show that this function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 is conserved in human cells, where Pelado inhibits branched actin polymerization in a cell migration context. In summary, our data indicate that the function of Pelado/ZSWIM8 in regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics is conserved, favoring linear actin polymerization at the expense of branched filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Molina-Pelayo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Departamento de Biología, Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Olguin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA .,Departamento de Neurociencia, Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Neurociencia Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marek Mlodzik
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alvaro Glavic
- Departamento de Biología, Centro FONDAP de Regulación del Genoma, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Hilchey SP, Palshikar MG, Mendelson ES, Shen S, Rasam S, Emo JA, Qu J, Thakar J, Zand MS. Cyclosporine A Modulates LSP1 Protein Levels in Human B Cells to Attenuate B Cell Migration at Low O 2 Levels. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081284. [PMID: 36013463 PMCID: PMC9410508 DOI: 10.3390/life12081284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coordinated migration of B cells within and between secondary lymphoid tissues is required for robust antibody responses to infection or vaccination. Secondary lymphoid tissues normally expose B cells to a low O2 (hypoxic) environment. Recently, we have shown that human B cell migration is modulated by an O2-dependent molecular switch, centrally controlled by the hypoxia-induced (transcription) factor-1α (HIF1A), which can be disrupted by the immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporine A (CyA). However, the mechanisms by which low O2 environments attenuate B cell migration remain poorly defined. Proteomics analysis has linked CXCR4 chemokine receptor signaling to cytoskeletal rearrangement. We now hypothesize that the pathways linking the O2 sensing molecular switch to chemokine receptor signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement would likely contain phosphorylation events, which are typically missed in traditional transcriptomic and/or proteomic analyses. Hence, we have performed a comprehensive phosphoproteomics analysis of human B cells treated with CyA after engagement of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 with CXCL12. Statistical analysis of the separate and synergistic effects of CyA and CXCL12 revealed 116 proteins whose abundance is driven by a synergistic interaction between CyA and CXCL12. Further, we used our previously described algorithm BONITA to reveal a critical role for Lymphocyte Specific Protein 1 (LSP1) in cytoskeletal rearrangement. LSP1 is known to modulate neutrophil migration. Validating these modeling results, we show experimentally that LSP1 levels in B cells increase with low O2 exposure, and CyA treatment results in decreased LSP1 protein levels. This correlates with the increased chemotactic activity observed after CyA treatment. Lastly, we directly link LSP1 levels to chemotactic capacity, as shRNA knock-down of LSP1 results in significantly increased B cell chemotaxis at low O2 levels. These results directly link CyA to LSP1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation, demonstrating a previously unrecognized mechanism by which CyA modulates human B cell migration. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD036167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon P. Hilchey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mukta G. Palshikar
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Eric S. Mendelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Sailee Rasam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jason A. Emo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Martin S. Zand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Gao N, Raduka A, Rezaee F. Respiratory syncytial virus disrupts the airway epithelial barrier by decreasing cortactin and destabilizing F-actin. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259871. [PMID: 35848790 PMCID: PMC9481929 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children worldwide. Our group recently revealed that RSV infection disrupts the airway epithelial barrier in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying molecular pathways were still elusive. Here, we report the critical roles of the filamentous actin (F-actin) network and actin-binding protein cortactin in RSV infection. We found that RSV infection causes F-actin depolymerization in 16HBE cells, and that stabilizing the F-actin network in infected cells reverses the epithelial barrier disruption. RSV infection also leads to significantly decreased cortactin in vitro and in vivo. Cortactin-knockout 16HBE cells presented barrier dysfunction, whereas overexpression of cortactin protected the epithelial barrier against RSV. The activity of Rap1 (which has Rap1A and Rap1B forms), one downstream target of cortactin, declined after RSV infection as well as in cortactin-knockout cells. Moreover, activating Rap1 attenuated RSV-induced epithelial barrier disruption. Our study proposes a key mechanism in which RSV disrupts the airway epithelial barrier via attenuating cortactin expression and destabilizing the F-actin network. The identified pathways will provide new targets for therapeutic intervention toward RSV-related disease. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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18
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Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Statin-induced Increase in Actin Polymerization Modulates GPCR Dynamics and Compartmentalization. Biophys J 2022:S0006-3495(22)00708-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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19
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Sun J, Zhong X, Fu X, Miller H, Lee P, Yu B, Liu C. The Actin Regulators Involved in the Function and Related Diseases of Lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:799309. [PMID: 35371070 PMCID: PMC8965893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.799309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an important cytoskeletal protein involved in signal transduction, cell structure and motility. Actin regulators include actin-monomer-binding proteins, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins, nucleation proteins, actin filament polymerases and severing proteins. This group of proteins regulate the dynamic changes in actin assembly/disassembly, thus playing an important role in cell motility, intracellular transport, cell division and other basic cellular activities. Lymphocytes are important components of the human immune system, consisting of T-lymphocytes (T cells), B-lymphocytes (B cells) and natural killer cells (NK cells). Lymphocytes are indispensable for both innate and adaptive immunity and cannot function normally without various actin regulators. In this review, we first briefly introduce the structure and fundamental functions of a variety of well-known and newly discovered actin regulators, then we highlight the role of actin regulators in T cell, B cell and NK cell, and finally provide a landscape of various diseases associated with them. This review provides new directions in exploring actin regulators and promotes more precise and effective treatments for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhong
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Grandy C, Port F, Pfeil J, Gottschalk KE. Influence of ROCK Pathway Manipulation on the Actin Cytoskeleton Height. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030430. [PMID: 35159239 PMCID: PMC8834639 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton with its dynamic properties serves as the driving force for the movement and division of cells and gives the cell shape and structure. Disorders in the actin cytoskeleton occur in many diseases. Deeper understanding of its regulation is essential in order to better understand these biochemical processes. In our study, we use metal-induced energy transfer (MIET) as a tool to quantitatively examine the rarely considered third dimension of the actin cytoskeleton with nanometer accuracy. In particular, we investigate the influence of different drugs acting on the ROCK pathway on the three-dimensional actin organization. We find that cells treated with inhibitors have a lower actin height to the substrate while treatment with a stimulator for the ROCK pathway increases the actin height to the substrate, while the height of the membrane remains unchanged. This reveals the precise tuning of adhesion and cytoskeleton tension, which leads to a rich three-dimensional structural behaviour of the actin cytoskeleton. This finetuning is differentially affected by either inhibition or stimulation. The high axial resolution shows the importance of the precise finetuning of the actin cytoskeleton and the disturbed regulation of the ROCK pathway has a significant impact on the actin behavior in the z dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Grandy
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Port
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Pfeil
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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21
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Hao D, Wang X, Yang Y, Thomsen B, Holm LE, Qu K, Huang B, Chen H. Integrated Analysis of mRNA and MicroRNA Co-expressed Network for the Differentiation of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Cells After Polyphenol Resveratrol Treatment. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:777477. [PMID: 35036414 PMCID: PMC8759604 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.777477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has been confirmed to benefit human health. Resveratrol supplemented in the feeds of animals improved pork, chicken, and duck meat qualities. In this study, we identified differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) (n = 3,856) and microRNAs (miRNAs) (n = 93) for the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the co-expressed DE mRNAs and DE miRNAs in the primary bovine myoblasts after RSV treatment. The mRNA results indicated that RSV treatments had high correlations with turquoise module (0.91, P-value = 0.01) and blue module (0.93, P-value < 0.01), while only the turquoise module (0.96, P-value < 0.01) was highly correlated with the treatment status using miRNA data. After biological enrichment analysis, the 2,579 DE genes in the turquoise module were significantly enriched in the Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The top two GO terms were actin filament-based process (GO:0030029) and actin cytoskeleton organization (GO:0030036). The top two KEGG pathways were regulation of actin cytoskeleton (bta04810) and tight junction (bta04530). Then, we constructed the DE mRNA co-expression and DE miRNA co-expression networks in the turquoise module and the mRNA–miRNA targeting networks based on their co-expressions in the key module. In summary, the RSV-induced miRNAs participated in the co-expression networks that could affect mRNA expressions to regulate the primary myoblast differentiation. Our study provided a better understanding of the roles of RSV in inducing miRNA and of the characteristics of DE miRNAs in the key co-expressed module in regulation of mRNAs and revealed new candidate regulatory miRNAs and genes for the beef quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Xiao Wang
- Konge Larsen ApS, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Bo Thomsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars-Erik Holm
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaixing Qu
- Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, China
| | - Bizhi Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China.,College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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22
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Lamptey J, Czika A, Aremu JO, Pervaz S, Adu-Gyamfi EA, Otoo A, Li F, Wang YX, Ding YB. The role of fascin in carcinogenesis and embryo implantation. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112885. [PMID: 34662557 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton, with its actin bundling proteins, plays crucial roles in a host of cellular function, such as cancer metastasis, antigen presentation and trophoblast migration and invasion, as a result of cytoskeletal remodeling. A key player in cytoskeletal remodeling is fascin. Upregulation of fascin induces the transition of epithelial phenotypes to mesenchymal phenotypes through complex interaction with transcription factors. Fascin expression also regulates mitochondrial F-actin to promote oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in some cancer cells. Trophoblast cells, on the other hand, exhibit similar physiological functions, involving the upregulation of genes crucial for its migration and invasion. Owing to the similar tumor-like characteristics among cancer and trophoblats, we review recent studies on fascin in relation to cancer and trophoblast cell biology; and based on existing evidence, link fascin to the establishment of the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones Lamptey
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KCCR, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Armin Czika
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - John Ogooluwa Aremu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sadaf Pervaz
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Antonia Otoo
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Di Pisa F, Pesenti E, Bono M, Mazzarello AN, Bernardi C, Lisanti MP, Renzone G, Scaloni A, Ciccone E, Fais F, Bruno S, Scartezzini P, Ghiotto F. SH3BGRL3 binds to myosin 1c in a calcium dependent manner and modulates migration in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:41. [PMID: 34380438 PMCID: PMC8356473 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human SH3 domain Binding Glutamic acid Rich Like 3 (SH3BGRL3) gene is highly conserved in phylogeny and widely expressed in human tissues. However, its function is largely undetermined. The protein was found to be overexpressed in several tumors, and recent work suggested a possible relationship with EGFR family members. We aimed at further highlighting on these issues and investigated SH3BGRL3 molecular interactions and its role in cellular migration ability. Results We first engineered the ErbB2-overexpressing SKBR3 cells to express exogenous SH3BGRL3, as well as wild type Myo1c or different deletion mutants. Confocal microscopy analysis indicated that SH3BGRL3 co-localized with Myo1c and ErbB2 at plasma membranes. However, co-immunoprecipitation assays and mass spectrometry demonstrated that SH3BGRL3 did not directly bind ErbB2, but specifically recognized Myo1c, on its IQ-bearing neck region. Importantly, the interaction with Myo1c was Ca2+-dependent. A role for SH3BGRL3 in cell migration was also assessed, as RNA interference of SH3BGRL3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, used as a classical migration model, remarkably impaired the migration ability of these cells. On the other side, its over-expression increased cell motility. Conclusion The results of this study provide insights for the formulation of novel hypotheses on the putative role of SH3BGRL3 protein in the regulation of myosin-cytoskeleton dialog and in cell migration. It could be envisaged the SH3BGRL3-Myo1c interaction as a regulation mechanism for cytoskeleton dynamics. It is well known that, at low Ca2+ concentrations, the IQ domains of Myo1c are bound by calmodulin. Here we found that binding of Myo1c to SH3BGRL3 requires instead the presence of Ca2+. Thus, it could be hypothesized that Myo1c conformation may be modulated by Ca2+-driven mechanisms that involve alternative binding by calmodulin or SH3BGRL3, for the regulation of cytoskeletal activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-021-00379-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Di Pisa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Elisa Pesenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Bono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea N Mazzarello
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Cinzia Bernardi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | - Ermanno Ciccone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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24
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van Haastert PJM, Keizer-Gunnink I, Pots H, Ortiz-Mateos C, Veltman D, van Egmond W, Kortholt A. 45 years of cGMP research in Dictyostelium: Understanding the regulation and function of the cGMP pathway for cell movement and chemotaxis. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar8. [PMID: 34347507 PMCID: PMC8684759 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-04-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Dictyostelium, chemoattractants induce a fast cGMP response that mediates myosin filament formation in the rear of the cell. The major cGMP signaling pathway consists of a soluble guanylyl cyclase sGC, a cGMP-stimulated cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, and the cGMP-target protein GbpC. Here we combine published experiments with many unpublished experiments performed in the past 45 years on the regulation and function of the cGMP signaling pathway. The chemoattractants stimulate heterotrimeric Gαβγ and monomeric Ras proteins. A fraction of the soluble guanylyl cyclase sGC binds with high affinity to a limited number of membrane binding sites, which is essential for sGC to become activated by Ras and Gα proteins. sGC can also bind to F-actin; binding to branched F-actin in pseudopods enhances basal sGC activity, whereas binding to parallel F-actin in the cortex reduces sGC activity. The cGMP pathway mediates cell polarity by inhibiting the rear: in unstimulated cells by sGC activity in the branched F-actin of pseudopods, in a shallow gradient by stimulated cGMP formation in pseudopods at the leading edge, and during cAMP oscillation to erase the previous polarity and establish a new polarity axis that aligns with the direction of the passing cAMP wave.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henderikus Pots
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Douwe Veltman
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Egmond
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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25
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Trujillo-Cenóz O, Rehermann MI, Maciel C, Falco MV, Fabbiani G, Russo RE. The ependymal cell cytoskeleton in the normal and injured spinal cord of mice. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2592-2609. [PMID: 34288039 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton of ependymal cells is fundamental to organize and maintain the normal architecture of the central canal (CC). However, little is known about the plasticity of cytoskeletal components after spinal cord injury. Here, we focus on the structural organization of the cytoskeleton of ependymal cells in the normal and injured spinal cord of mice (both females and males) using immunohistochemical and electron microscopy techniques. We found that in uninjured animals, the actin cytoskeleton (as revealed by phalloidin staining) was arranged following the typical pattern of polarized epithelial cells with conspicuous actin pools located in the apical domain of ependymal cells. Transmission electron microscopy images showed microvilli tufts, long cilia, and characteristic intercellular membrane specializations. After spinal cord injury, F-actin rearrangements paralleled by fine structural modifications of the apical domain of ependymal cells were observed. These changes involved disruptions of the apical actin pools as well as fine structural modifications of the microvilli tufts. When comparing the control and injured spinal cords, we also found modifications in the expression of vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). After injury, vimentin expression disappeared from the most apical domains of ependymal cells but the number of GFAP-expressing cells within the CC increased. As in other polarized epithelia, the plastic changes in the cytoskeleton may be critically involved in the reaction of ependymal cells following a traumatic injury of the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Trujillo-Cenóz
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María I Rehermann
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Maciel
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María V Falco
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Fabbiani
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Raúl E Russo
- Departamento de Neurofisiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
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26
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Venit T, El Said NH, Mahmood SR, Percipalle P. A dynamic actin-dependent nucleoskeleton and cell identity. J Biochem 2021; 169:243-257. [PMID: 33351909 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is an essential regulator of cellular functions. In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, actin regulates chromatin as a bona fide component of chromatin remodelling complexes, it associates with nuclear RNA polymerases to regulate transcription and is involved in co-transcriptional assembly of nascent RNAs into ribonucleoprotein complexes. Actin dynamics are, therefore, emerging as a major regulatory factor affecting diverse cellular processes. Importantly, the involvement of actin dynamics in nuclear functions is redefining the concept of nucleoskeleton from a rigid scaffold to a dynamic entity that is likely linked to the three-dimensional organization of the nuclear genome. In this review, we discuss how nuclear actin, by regulating chromatin structure through phase separation may contribute to the architecture of the nuclear genome during cell differentiation and facilitate the expression of specific gene programs. We focus specifically on mitochondrial genes and how their dysregulation in the absence of actin raises important questions about the role of cytoskeletal proteins in regulating chromatin structure. The discovery of a novel pool of mitochondrial actin that serves as 'mitoskeleton' to facilitate organization of mtDNA supports a general role for actin in genome architecture and a possible function of distinct actin pools in the communication between nucleus and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadine Hosny El Said
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Raza Mahmood
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, 1009 Silver Center, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20C, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Involvement of LIMK2 in actin cytoskeleton remodeling during the definitive endoderm differentiation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:493-500. [PMID: 33977398 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
LIM kinases are involved in various cellular events such as migration, cycle, and differentiation, but whether they have a role in the specification of mammalian early endoderm remains unclear. In the present study, we found that depletion of LIMK2 severely inhibited the generation of definitive endoderm (DE) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and promoted an early neuroectodermal fate. Upon the silencing of LIMK2 during the endodermal differentiation, the assembly of actin stress fibers was disturbed, and the phosphorylation of cofilin was decreased. In addition, knockdown of LIMK2 during DE differentiation also interfered the upregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes and cell migration. Collectively, the results highlight that the serine/threonine kinase LIMK2, acting as a key regulator in actin remodeling, plays a critical role in endodermal lineage determination.
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28
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Grimm F, Rehman J, Stoldt S, Khan TA, Schlötel JG, Nizamov S, John M, Belov VN, Hell SW. Rhodamines with a Chloronicotinic Acid Fragment for Live Cell Superresolution STED Microscopy*. Chemistry 2021; 27:6070-6076. [PMID: 33496998 PMCID: PMC8048976 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Formylation of 2,6-dichloro-5-R-nicotinic acids at C-4 followed by condensation with 3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylaniline gave analogs of the popular TAMRA fluorescent dye with a 2,6-dichloro-5-R-nicotinic acid residues (R=H, F). The following reaction with thioglycolic acid is selective, involves only one chlorine atom at the carbon between pyridine nitrogen and the carboxylic acid group and affords new rhodamine dyes absorbing at 564/ 573 nm and emitting at 584/ 597 nm (R=H/ F, in aq. PBS). Conjugates of the dyes with "small molecules" provided specific labeling (covalent and non-covalent) of organelles as well as of components of the cytoskeleton in living cells and were combined with fluorescent probes prepared from 610CP and SiR dyes and applied in two-color STED microscopy with a 775 nm STED laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Grimm
- Abberior GmbHHans Adolf Krebs Weg 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Jasmin Rehman
- Abberior GmbHHans Adolf Krebs Weg 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- Department of NanobiophotonicsMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC)Am Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Taukeer A. Khan
- Department of NanobiophotonicsMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC)Am Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Jan Gero Schlötel
- Abberior-Instruments GmbHHans Adolf Krebs Weg 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Shamil Nizamov
- Abberior GmbHHans Adolf Krebs Weg 137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Michael John
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular ChemistryGeorg-August UniversityTammannstr. 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Vladimir N. Belov
- Department of NanobiophotonicsMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC)Am Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
| | - Stefan W. Hell
- Department of NanobiophotonicsMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC)Am Fassberg 1137077GöttingenGermany
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29
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Jiang X, Qin Y, Kun L, Zhou Y. The Significant Role of the Microfilament System in Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620390. [PMID: 33816252 PMCID: PMC8010179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin is the structural protein of microfilaments, and it usually exists in two forms: monomer and polymer. Among them, monomer actin is a spherical molecule composed of a polypeptide chain, also known as spherical actin. The function of actin polymers is to produce actin filaments, so it is also called fibroactin. The actin cytoskeleton is considered to be an important subcellular filament system. It interacts with numerous relevant proteins and regulatory cells, regulating basic functions, from cell division and muscle contraction to cell movement and ensuring tissue integrity. The dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton has immense influence on the progression and metastasis of cancer as well. This paper explores the significance of the microfilament network, the dynamic changes of its structure and function in the presence of a tumor, the formation process around the actin system, and the relevant proteins that may be target molecules for anticancer drugs so as to provide support and reference for interlinked cancer treatment research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liu Kun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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30
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Zeng Y, Wang J, Huang Q, Ren Y, Li T, Zhang X, Yao R, Sun J. Cucurbitacin IIa: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4155-4170. [PMID: 33724593 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin IIa was first found in plants and it belongs to tetracyclo triterpenoids. It is one of the most important active components in cucurbitaceae plants. Studies have found that cucurbitacin IIa has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antihepatitis B virus, inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication, and antidepressant effect. However, the underlying mechanisms, intracellular targets, and structure-activity relationships of cucurbitacin IIa remain to be completely elucidated. This review summarizes the current advances concerning the phytochemistry and pharmacology of cucurbitacin IIa. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and CNKI were used to find relevant information about cucurbitacin IIa using keywords such as "Cucurbitacin IIa," "Pharmacology," and "Phytochemistry." These pharmacological effects involve the actin cytoskeleton aggregation, the regulation of JAK2/STAT3, ERBB-MAPK, CaMKII α/CREB/BDNF signal pathways, as well as the regulation of survivin, caspases, and other cell cycles, apoptosis, autophagy-related cytokines, and kinases. It has high development and use value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingna Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Renchuan Yao
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jianyang, China
| | - Jilin Sun
- Sichuan Fu Zheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jianyang, China
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31
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Chignon A, Rosa M, Boulanger MC, Argaud D, Devillers R, Bon-Baret V, Mkannez G, Li Z, Rufiange A, Gaudreault N, Gosselin D, Thériault S, Bossé Y, Mathieu P. Enhancer-associated aortic valve stenosis risk locus 1p21.2 alters NFATC2 binding site and promotes fibrogenesis. iScience 2021; 24:102241. [PMID: 33748722 PMCID: PMC7970363 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies for calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) previously reported strong signal for noncoding variants at 1p21.2. Previous study using Mendelian randomization suggested that the locus controls the expression of PALMD encoding Palmdelphin (PALMD). However, the molecular regulation at the locus and the impact of PALMD on the biology of the aortic valve is presently unknown. 3D genetic mapping and CRISPR activation identified rs6702619 as being located in a distant-acting enhancer, which controls the expression of PALMD. DNA-binding assay showed that the risk variant modified the DNA shape, which prevented the recruitment of NFATC2 and lowered the expression of PALMD. In co-expression network analysis, a module encompassing PALMD was enriched in actin-based process. Mass spectrometry and functional assessment showed that PALMD is a regulator of actin polymerization. In turn, lower level of PALMD promoted the activation of myocardin-related transcription factor and fibrosis, a key pathobiological process underpinning CAVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chignon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Mickael Rosa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Chloé Boulanger
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Déborah Argaud
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Devillers
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Valentin Bon-Baret
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ghada Mkannez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Zhonglin Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Rufiange
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Gaudreault
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - David Gosselin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, G1V-4G5, Québec City, QC, Canada
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32
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Melchionna R, Trono P, Tocci A, Nisticò P. Actin Cytoskeleton and Regulation of TGFβ Signaling: Exploring Their Links. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020336. [PMID: 33672325 PMCID: PMC7926735 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tissues, to maintain their architecture and function, respond to injuries by activating intricate biochemical and physical mechanisms that regulates intercellular communication crucial in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Coordination of the communication occurs through the activity of different actin cytoskeletal regulators, physically connected to extracellular matrix through integrins, generating a platform of biochemical and biomechanical signaling that is deregulated in cancer. Among the major pathways, a controller of cellular functions is the cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which remains a complex and central signaling network still to be interpreted and explained in cancer progression. Here, we discuss the link between actin dynamics and TGFβ signaling with the aim of exploring their aberrant interaction in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Melchionna
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Trono
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tocci
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (R.M.); (P.T.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652662539
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33
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Vuononvirta J, Marelli-Berg FM, Poobalasingam T. Metabolic regulation of T lymphocyte motility and migration. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 77:100888. [PMID: 32814624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to fulfill their effector and patrolling functions, lymphocytes traffic through the body and need to adapt to different tissue microenvironments. First, mature lymphocytes egress the bone marrow and the thymus into the vascular system. Circulating lymphocytes can exit the vasculature and penetrate into the tissues, either for patrolling in search for pathogens or to eliminate infection and activate the adaptive immune response. The cytoskeletal reorganization necessary to sustain migration require high levels of energy thus presenting a substantial bioenergetic challenge to migrating cells. The metabolic regulation of lymphocyte motility and trafficking has only recently begun to be investigated. In this review we will summarize current knowledge of the crosstalk between cell metabolism and the cytoskeleton in T lymphocytes, and discuss the concept that lymphocyte metabolism may reprogram in response to migratory stimuli and adapt to the different environmental cues received during recirculation in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Vuononvirta
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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34
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Balta E, Kramer J, Samstag Y. Redox Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Cell Migration and Adhesion: On the Way to a Spatiotemporal View. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:618261. [PMID: 33585453 PMCID: PMC7875868 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.618261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells is a dynamic, fibrous network that is regulated by the concerted action of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). In particular, rapid polarization of cells in response to internal and external stimuli is fundamental to cell migration and invasion. Various isoforms of ABPs in different tissues equip cells with variable degrees of migratory and adhesive capacities. In addition, regulation of ABPs by posttranslational modifications (PTM) is pivotal to the rapid responsiveness of cells. In this context, phosphorylation of ABPs and its functional consequences have been studied extensively. However, the study of reduction/oxidation (redox) modifications of oxidation-sensitive cysteine and methionine residues of actin, ABPs, adhesion molecules, and signaling proteins regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics has only recently emerged as a field. The relevance of such protein oxidations to cellular physiology and pathophysiology has remained largely elusive. Importantly, studying protein oxidation spatiotemporally can provide novel insights into localized redox regulation of cellular functions. In this review, we focus on the redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, its challenges, and recently developed tools to study its physiological and pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Balta
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Kramer
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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35
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Rao BD, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Effect of tertiary amine local anesthetics on G protein-coupled receptor lateral diffusion and actin cytoskeletal reorganization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183547. [PMID: 33417968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although widely used clinically, the mechanism underlying the action of local anesthetics remains elusive. Direct interaction of anesthetics with membrane proteins and modulation of membrane physical properties by anesthetics are plausible mechanisms proposed, although a combination of these two mechanisms cannot be ruled out. In this context, the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in local anesthetic action is a relatively new area of research. We show here that representative tertiary amine local anesthetics induce a reduction in two-dimensional diffusion coefficient of the serotonin1A receptor, an important neurotransmitter GPCR. The corresponding change in mobile fraction is varied, with tetracaine exhibiting the maximum reduction in mobile fraction, whereas the change in mobile fraction for other local anesthetics was not appreciable. These results are supported by quantitation of cellular F-actin, using a confocal microscopic approach previously developed by us, which showed that a pronounced increase in F-actin level was induced by tetracaine. These results provide a novel perspective on the action of local anesthetics in terms of GPCR lateral diffusion and actin cytoskeleton reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagyashree D Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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36
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Reis K, Arbiser JL, Hjerpe A, Dobra K, Aspenström P. Inhibitors of cytoskeletal dynamics in malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2020; 11:4637-4647. [PMID: 33400741 PMCID: PMC7747860 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) are highly aggressive mesenchymal tumors that originate from mesothelial cells lining serosal cavities; i.e., the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium. Classically, there is a well-established link between asbestos exposure, oxidative stress, release of reactive oxygen species, and chronic inflammatory mediators that leads to progression of MMs. MMs have an intermediate phenotype, with co-expression of mesenchymal and epithelial markers and dysregulated communication between the mesothelium and the microenvironment. We have previously shown that the organization and function of key cytoskeletal components can distinguish highly invasive cell lines from those more indolent. Here, we used these tools to study three different types of small-molecule inhibitors, where their common feature is their influence on production of reactive oxygen species. One of these, imipramine blue, was particularly effective in counteracting some key malignant properties of highly invasive MM cells. This opens a new possibility for targeted inhibition of MMs based on well-established molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Reis
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jack L Arbiser
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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37
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van Haastert PJM. Unified control of amoeboid pseudopod extension in multiple organisms by branched F-actin in the front and parallel F-actin/myosin in the cortex. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243442. [PMID: 33296414 PMCID: PMC7725310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trajectory of moving eukaryotic cells depends on the kinetics and direction of extending pseudopods. The direction of pseudopods has been well studied to unravel mechanisms for chemotaxis, wound healing and inflammation. However, the kinetics of pseudopod extension-when and why do pseudopods start and stop- is equally important, but is largely unknown. Here the START and STOP of about 4000 pseudopods was determined in four different species, at four conditions and in nine mutants (fast amoeboids Dictyostelium and neutrophils, slow mesenchymal stem cells, and fungus B.d. chytrid with pseudopod and a flagellum). The START of a first pseudopod is a random event with a probability that is species-specific (23%/s for neutrophils). In all species and conditions, the START of a second pseudopod is strongly inhibited by the extending first pseudopod, which depends on parallel filamentous actin/myosin in the cell cortex. Pseudopods extend at a constant rate by polymerization of branched F-actin at the pseudopod tip, which requires the Scar complex. The STOP of pseudopod extension is induced by multiple inhibitory processes that evolve during pseudopod extension and mainly depend on the increasing size of the pseudopod. Surprisingly, no differences in pseudopod kinetics are detectable between polarized, unpolarized or chemotactic cells, and also not between different species except for small differences in numerical values. This suggests that the analysis has uncovered the fundament of cell movement with distinct roles for stimulatory branched F-actin in the protrusion and inhibitory parallel F-actin in the contractile cortex.
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38
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Gjorgjieva T, Xie X, Commins P, Pasricha R, Mahmood SR, Gunsalus KC, Naumov P, Percipalle P. Loss of β-Actin Leads to Accelerated Mineralization and Dysregulation of Osteoblast-Differentiation Genes during Osteogenic Reprogramming. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002261. [PMID: 33304760 PMCID: PMC7709978 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actin plays fundamental roles in both the cytoplasm and the cell nucleus. In the nucleus, β-actin regulates neuronal reprogramming by consolidating a heterochromatin landscape required for transcription of neuronal gene programs, yet it remains unknown whether it has a role in other differentiation models. To explore the potential roles of β-actin in osteogenesis, β-actin wild-type (WT) and β-actin knockout (KO) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are reprogrammed to osteoblast-like cells using small molecules in vitro. It is discovered that loss of β-actin leads to an accelerated mineralization phenotype (hypermineralization), accompanied with enhanced formation of extracellular hydroxyapatite microcrystals, which originate in the mitochondria in the form of microgranules. This phenotype is a consequence of rapid upregulation of mitochondrial genes including those involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in reprogrammed KO cells. It is further found that osteogenic gene programs are differentially regulated between WT and KO cells, with clusters of genes exhibiting different temporal expression patterns. A novel function for β-actin in osteogenic reprogramming through a mitochondria-based mechanism that controls cell-mediated mineralization is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gjorgjieva
- Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Xin Xie
- Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Patrick Commins
- Program in ChemistryDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Renu Pasricha
- Core Technology PlatformsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Raza Mahmood
- Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Kristin C. Gunsalus
- Center for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNY10003USA
| | - Panče Naumov
- Program in ChemistryDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Program in BiologyDivision of Science and MathematicsNew York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)P.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSE‐106 91Sweden
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39
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Rust MB, Khudayberdiev S, Pelucchi S, Marcello E. CAPt'n of Actin Dynamics: Recent Advances in the Molecular, Developmental and Physiological Functions of Cyclase-Associated Protein (CAP). Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586631. [PMID: 33072768 PMCID: PMC7543520 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclase-associated protein (CAP) has been discovered three decades ago in budding yeast as a protein that associates with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-producing adenylyl cyclase and that suppresses a hyperactive RAS2 variant. Since that time, CAP has been identified in all eukaryotic species examined and it became evident that the activity in RAS-cAMP signaling is restricted to a limited number of species. Instead, its actin binding activity is conserved among eukaryotes and actin cytoskeleton regulation emerged as its primary function. However, for many years, the molecular functions as well as the developmental and physiological relevance of CAP remained unknown. In the present article, we will compile important recent progress on its molecular functions that identified CAP as a novel key regulator of actin dynamics, i.e., the spatiotemporally controlled assembly and disassembly of actin filaments (F-actin). These studies unraveled a cooperation with ADF/Cofilin and Twinfilin in F-actin disassembly, a nucleotide exchange activity on globular actin monomers (G-actin) that is required for F-actin assembly and an inhibitory function towards the F-actin assembly factor INF2. Moreover, by focusing on selected model organisms, we will review current literature on its developmental and physiological functions, and we will present studies implicating CAP in human pathologies. Together, this review article summarizes and discusses recent achievements in understanding the molecular, developmental and physiological functions of CAP, which led this protein emerge as a novel CAPt'n of actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Rust
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,DFG Research Training Group, Membrane Plasticity in Tissue Development and Remodeling, GRK 2213, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, University of Marburg and Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sharof Khudayberdiev
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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40
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van Haastert PJM. Symmetry Breaking during Cell Movement in the Context of Excitability, Kinetic Fine-Tuning and Memory of Pseudopod Formation. Cells 2020; 9:E1809. [PMID: 32751539 PMCID: PMC7465517 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The path of moving eukaryotic cells depends on the kinetics and direction of extending pseudopods. Amoeboid cells constantly change their shape with pseudopods extending in different directions. Detailed analysis has revealed that time, place and direction of pseudopod extension are not random, but highly ordered with strong prevalence for only one extending pseudopod, with defined life-times, and with reoccurring events in time and space indicative of memory. Important components are Ras activation and the formation of branched F-actin in the extending pseudopod and inhibition of pseudopod formation in the contractile cortex of parallel F-actin/myosin. In biology, order very often comes with symmetry. In this essay, I discuss cell movement and the dynamics of pseudopod extension from the perspective of symmetry and symmetry changes of Ras activation and the formation of branched F-actin in the extending pseudopod. Combining symmetry of Ras activation with kinetics and memory of pseudopod extension results in a refined model of amoeboid movement that appears to be largely conserved in the fast moving Dictyostelium and neutrophils, the slow moving mesenchymal stem cells and the fungus B.d. chytrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J M van Haastert
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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41
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Alexandrova AY, Chikina AS, Svitkina TM. Actin cytoskeleton in mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition of cancer cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 356:197-256. [PMID: 33066874 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During development of metastasis, tumor cells migrate through different tissues and encounter different extracellular matrices. An ability of cells to adapt mechanisms of their migration to these diverse environmental conditions, called migration plasticity, gives tumor cells an advantage over normal cells for long distant dissemination. Different modes of individual cell motility-mesenchymal and amoeboid-are driven by different molecular mechanisms, which largely depend on functions of the actin cytoskeleton that can be modulated in a wide range by cellular signaling mechanisms in response to environmental conditions. Various triggers can switch one motility mode to another, but regulations of these transitions are incompletely understood. However, understanding of the mechanisms driving migration plasticity is instrumental for finding anti-cancer treatment capable to stop cancer metastasis. In this review, we discuss cytoskeletal features, which allow the individually migrating cells to switch between mesenchymal and amoeboid migrating modes, called mesenchymal-to-amoeboid transition (MAT). We briefly describe main characteristics of different cell migration modes, and then discuss the triggering factors that initiate MAT with special attention to cytoskeletal features essential for migration plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Y Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra S Chikina
- Cell Migration and Invasion and Spatio-Temporal Regulation of Antigen Presentation teams, UMR144/U932 Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Tatyana M Svitkina
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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42
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Abstract
Profilin is a ubiquitously expressed protein well known as a key regulator of actin polymerisation. The actin cytoskeleton is involved in almost all cellular processes including motility, endocytosis, metabolism, signal transduction and gene transcription. Hence, profilin's role in the cell goes beyond its direct and essential function in regulating actin dynamics. This review will focus on the interactions of Profilin 1 and its ligands at the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cells and the regulation of profilin activity within those cell compartments. We will discuss the interactions of profilin in cell signalling pathways and highlight the importance of the cell context in the multiple functions that this small essential protein has in conjunction with its role in cytoskeletal organisation and dynamics. We will review some of the mechanisms that control profilin expression and the implications of changed expression of profilin in the light of cancer biology and other pathologies.
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43
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Antoine M, Vandenbroere I, Ghosh S, Erneux C, Pirson I. IRSp53 is a novel interactor of SHIP2: A role of the actin binding protein Mena in their cellular localization in breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2020; 73:109692. [PMID: 32535200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A tight control of the machineries regulating membrane bending and actin dynamics is very important for the generation of membrane protrusions, which are crucial for cell migration and invasion. Protein/protein and protein/phosphoinositides complexes assemble and disassemble to coordinate these mechanisms, the scaffold properties of the involved proteins playing a prominent role in this organization. The PI 5-phosphatase SHIP2 is a critical enzyme modulating PI(3,4,5)P3, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4)P2 content in the cell. The scaffold properties of SHIP2 contribute to the specific targeting or retention of the protein in particular subcellular domains. Here, we identified IRSp53 as a new binding interactor of SHIP2 proline-rich domain. Both proteins are costained in HEK293T cells protrusions, upon transfection. We showed that the SH3-binding polyproline motif recognized by IRSp53 in SHIP2 is different from the regions targeted by other PRR binding partners i.e., CIN85, ITSN or even Mena a common interactor of both SHIP2 and IRSp53. We presented evidence that IRSp53 phosphorylation on S366 did not influence its interaction with SHIP2 and that Mena is not necessary for the association of SHIP2 with IRSp53 in MDA-MB-231 cells. The absence of Mena in MDA-MB-231 cells decreased the intracellular content in F-actin and modified the subcellular localization of SHIP2 and IRSp53 by increasing their relative content at the plasma membrane. Together our data suggest that SHIP2, through interaction with the cell protrusion regulators IRSp53 and Mena, participate to the formation of multi-protein complexes. This ensures the appropriate modulations of PIs which is important for regulation of membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Antoine
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Vandenbroere
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Somadri Ghosh
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Pirson
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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44
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Belov VN, Stoldt S, Rüttger F, John M, Seikowski J, Schimpfhauser J, Hell SW. Synthesis of Fluorescent Jasplakinolide Analogues for Live-Cell STED Microscopy of Actin. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7267-7275. [PMID: 32418421 PMCID: PMC7281785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
nanometer thickness of filaments and the dynamic behavior of
actin—a protein playing a crucial role in cellular function
and motility—make it attractive for observation with super-resolution
optical microscopy. We developed the solution-phase synthesis of des-bromo-des-methyl-jasplakinolide-lysine,
used as the “recognition unit” (ligand) for F-actin
in living cells. The first amino acid—Fmoc-O-TIPS-β-tyrosine—was prepared in 78% yield (two steps
in one pot). The new solution-phase synthesis involves 2-phenylisopropyl
protection of the carboxyl group and does not require excesses of
commercially unavailable amino acids. The overall yield of the target
intermediate obtained in nine steps is about 8%. The 2-phenylisopropyl
group can be cleaved from carboxyl with 2–3% (v/v) of TFA in
acetonitrile (0–10 °C), without affecting TIPS protection
of the phenolic hydroxyl in β-tyrosine and N-Boc protection in lysine. Des-bromo-des-methyl-jasplakinolide-lysine
was coupled with red-emitting fluorescent dyes 580CP and 610CP (via 6-aminohexanoate
linker). Actin in living cells was labeled with 580CP and 610CP probes, and the optical resolution measured
as full width at half-maximum of line profiles across actin fibers
was found to be 300–400 nm and 100 nm under confocal and STED
conditions, respectively. The solution-phase synthesis of des-bromo-des-methyl-jasplakinolide-lysine
opens a way to better fluorescent probe perspective for actin imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Belov
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Facility for Synthetic Chemistry, MPIBPC, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stoldt
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Rüttger
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Seikowski
- Facility for Synthetic Chemistry, MPIBPC, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schimpfhauser
- Facility for Synthetic Chemistry, MPIBPC, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan W Hell
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIBPC), Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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45
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Lei Y, Wei Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Bu Y, Zhang C. Proline-rich 11 (PRR11) drives F-actin assembly by recruiting the actin-related protein 2/3 complex in human non-small cell lung carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5335-5349. [PMID: 32169900 PMCID: PMC7170533 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is extremely dynamic and supports diverse cellular functions in many physiological and pathological processes, including tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms that regulate the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3) complex and thereby promote actin polymerization and organization in cancer cells are not well-understood. We previously implicated the proline-rich 11 (PRR11) protein in lung cancer development. In this study, using immunofluorescence staining, actin polymerization assays, and siRNA-mediated gene silencing, we uncovered that cytoplasmic PRR11 is involved in F-actin polymerization and organization. We found that dysregulation of PRR11 expression results in F-actin rearrangement and nuclear instability in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Results from molecular mechanistic experiments indicated that PRR11 associates with and recruits the ARP2/3 complex, facilitates F-actin polymerization, and thereby disrupts the F-actin cytoskeleton, leading to abnormal nuclear lamina assembly and chromatin reorganization. Inhibition of the ARP2/3 complex activity abolished irregular F-actin polymerization, lamina assembly, and chromatin reorganization due to PRR11 overexpression. Notably, experiments with truncated PRR11 variants revealed that PRR11 regulates F-actin through different regions. We found that deletion of either the N or C terminus of PRR11 abrogates its effects on F-actin polymerization and nuclear instability and that deletion of amino acid residues 100-184 or 100-200 strongly induces an F-actin structure called the actin comet tail, not observed with WT PRR11. Our findings indicate that cytoplasmic PRR11 plays an essential role in regulating F-actin assembly and nuclear stability by recruiting the ARP2/3 complex in human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhili Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Chundong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Li T, Liu X, Xu B, Wu W, Zang Y, Li J, Wei L, Qian Y, Xu H, Xie M, Wang Q, Wang L. SKA1 regulates actin cytoskeleton remodelling via activating Cdc42 and influences the migration of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12799. [PMID: 32232899 PMCID: PMC7162805 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Spindle and kinetochore–associated protein 1(SKA1), originally identified as a protein essential for proper chromosome segregation, has been recently linked to multiple malignancies. This study aimed to explore the biological, clinical role and molecular mechanism of SKA1 in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods SKA1 expression was detected in 145 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) specimens by immunohistochemistry. Biological behaviour assays were used to determine the role of SKA1 in PDAC progression in vitro and in vivo. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), SKA1’s downstream proteins were examined. Moreover, cytochalasin B and ZCL278 were used to explore the changes of SKA1‐induced signalling and cell morphology, with further confirmation by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays. Results Increased SKA1 expression was significantly correlated with tumour size and cellular differentiation degree in PDAC tissues. Furthermore, elevated levels of SKA1 reflected shorter overall survival (P = .019). As for biological behaviour, SKA1 acted as a tumour promotor in PDAC, overexpression of SKA1 facilitates cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SKA1 enhanced pancreatic cancer aggressiveness by inhibiting G2/M arrest and regulating actin cytoskeleton organization via activating Cdc42. Conclusions This study revealed novel roles for SKA1 as an important regulator of actin cytoskeleton organization and an oncogene in PDAC cells, which may provide insights into developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lumin Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lai WF, Wong WT. Roles of the actin cytoskeleton in aging and age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101021. [PMID: 31968269 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the cytoskeleton is essential to diverse cellular processes such as phagocytosis and intracellular trafficking. Disruption of the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton leads to age-associated symptoms and diseases, ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. In addition, changes in the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton disrupt the functioning of not only somatic and stem cells but also gametes, resulting in aberrant embryonic development. Strategies to preserve the integrity and dynamics of the cytoskeleton are, therefore, potentially therapeutic to age-related disorders. The objective of this article is to revisit the current understanding of the roles played by the actin cytoskeleton in aging, and to review the opportunities and challenges for the transition of basic research into intervention development. It is hoped that, with the snapshot of evidence regarding changes in actin dynamics with advanced age, insights into future research directions can be attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University, PR China; School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China; Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
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48
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Stankevicins L, Ecker N, Terriac E, Maiuri P, Schoppmeyer R, Vargas P, Lennon-Duménil AM, Piel M, Qu B, Hoth M, Kruse K, Lautenschläger F. Deterministic actin waves as generators of cell polarization cues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:826-835. [PMID: 31882452 PMCID: PMC6969493 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907845117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells "patrol" the human body to detect pathogens. In their search, dendritic cells perform a random walk by amoeboid migration. The efficiency of pathogen detection depends on the properties of the random walk. It is not known how the dendritic cells control these properties. Here, we quantify dendritic cell migration under well-defined 2-dimensional confinement and in a 3-dimensional collagen matrix through recording their long-term trajectories. We find 2 different migration states: persistent migration, during which the dendritic cells move along curved paths, and diffusive migration, which is characterized by successive sharp turns. These states exhibit differences in the actin distributions. Our theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that this kind of motion can be generated by spontaneous actin polymerization waves that contribute to dendritic cell polarization and migration. The relative distributions of persistent and diffusive migration can be changed by modification of the molecular actin filament nucleation and assembly rates. Thus, dendritic cells can control their migration patterns and adapt to specific environments. Our study offers an additional perspective on how dendritic cells tune their searches for pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Stankevicins
- Bio Interfaces, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicolas Ecker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Terriac
- Bio Interfaces, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- International Foundations of Medicine (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Rouven Schoppmeyer
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Vargas
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, CNRS, UMR 144, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Bin Qu
- International Foundations of Medicine (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Kruse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Lautenschläger
- Bio Interfaces, Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany;
- Department of Natural Sciences, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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49
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Argentati C, Morena F, Tortorella I, Bazzucchi M, Porcellati S, Emiliani C, Martino S. Insight into Mechanobiology: How Stem Cells Feel Mechanical Forces and Orchestrate Biological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5337. [PMID: 31717803 PMCID: PMC6862138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-talk between stem cells and their microenvironment has been shown to have a direct impact on stem cells' decisions about proliferation, growth, migration, and differentiation. It is well known that stem cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms change their internal architecture and composition in response to external physical stimuli, thanks to cells' ability to sense mechanical signals and elicit selected biological functions. Likewise, stem cells play an active role in governing the composition and the architecture of their microenvironment. Is now being documented that, thanks to this dynamic relationship, stemness identity and stem cell functions are maintained. In this work, we review the current knowledge in mechanobiology on stem cells. We start with the description of theoretical basis of mechanobiology, continue with the effects of mechanical cues on stem cells, development, pathology, and regenerative medicine, and emphasize the contribution in the field of the development of ex-vivo mechanobiology modelling and computational tools, which allow for evaluating the role of forces on stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Argentati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Francesco Morena
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Ilaria Tortorella
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Martina Bazzucchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Serena Porcellati
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, Center of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabata Martino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.A.); (F.M.); (I.T.); (M.B.); (S.P.); (C.E.)
- CEMIN, Center of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, Via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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50
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Choi HW, Wang L, Powell AF, Strickler SR, Wang D, Dempsey DA, Schroeder FC, Klessig DF. A genome-wide screen for human salicylic acid (SA)-binding proteins reveals targets through which SA may influence development of various diseases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13084. [PMID: 31511554 PMCID: PMC6739329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is the major metabolite and active ingredient of aspirin; both compounds reduce pain, fever, and inflammation. Despite over a century of research, aspirin/SA's mechanism(s) of action is still only partially understood. Here we report the results of a genome-wide, high-throughput screen to identify potential SA-binding proteins (SABPs) in human HEK293 cells. Following photo-affinity crosslinking to 4-azidoSA and immuno-selection with an anti-SA antibody, approximately 2,000 proteins were identified. Among these, 95 were enriched more than 10-fold. Pathway enrichment analysis with these 95 candidate SABPs (cSABPs) revealed possible involvement of SA in multiple biological pathways, including (i) glycolysis, (ii) cytoskeletal assembly and/or signaling, and (iii) NF-κB-mediated immune signaling. The two most enriched cSABPs, which corresponded to the glycolytic enzymes alpha-enolase (ENO1) and pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2), were assessed for their ability to bind SA and SA's more potent derivative amorfrutin B1 (amoB1). SA and amoB1 bound recombinant ENO1 and PKM2 at low millimolar and micromolar concentrations, respectively, and inhibited their enzymatic activities in vitro. Consistent with these results, low millimolar concentrations of SA suppressed glycolytic activity in HEK293 cells. To provide insights into how SA might affect various human diseases, a cSABP-human disorder/disease network map was also generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, Korea
| | - Lei Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | | | | | - Dekai Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- College of life sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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