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Mazzarello AN, Gugiatti E, Cossu V, Bertola N, Bagnara D, Carta S, Ravera S, Salvetti C, Ibatici A, Ghiotto F, Colombo M, Cutrona G, Marini C, Sambuceti G, Fais F, Bruno S. Unexpected chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cell activation by bisphosphonates. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:27. [PMID: 38280019 PMCID: PMC10821833 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of the elderly, often presenting comorbidities like osteoporosis and requiring, in a relevant proportion of cases, treatment with bisphosphonates (BPs). This class of drugs was shown in preclinical investigations to also possess anticancer properties. We started an in vitro study of the effects of BPs on CLL B cells activated by microenvironment-mimicking stimuli and observed that, depending on drug concentration, hormetic effects were induced on the leukemic cells. Higher doses induced cytotoxicity whereas at lower concentrations, more likely occurring in vivo, the drugs generated a protective effect from spontaneous and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and augmented CLL B cell activation/proliferation. This CLL-activation effect promoted by the BPs was associated with markers of poor CLL prognosis and required the presence of bystander stromal cells. Functional experiments suggested that this phenomenon involves the release of soluble factors and is increased by cellular contact between stroma and CLL B cells. Since CLL patients often present comorbidities such as osteoporosis and considering the diverse outcomes in both CLL disease progression and CLL response to treatment among patients, illustrating this phenomenon holds potential significance in driving additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Mazzarello
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Gugiatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Cossu
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nadia Bertola
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Davide Bagnara
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sonia Carta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Salvetti
- Clinic of Hematology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adalberto Ibatici
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Colombo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Mazzarello AN, Koroveshi B, Guardo D, Lanza L, Ghiotto F, Bruno S, Cappelli E. Unexpected CD5 + B Cell Lymphocytosis during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Relevance for the Pathophysiology of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030998. [PMID: 36769644 PMCID: PMC9918123 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, cases of fortuitous discovery of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) during hospitalization for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been reported. These patients did not show a monoclonal B cell expansion before COVID-19 but were diagnosed with CLL upon a sudden lymphocytosis that occurred during hospitalization. The (hyper)lymphocytosis during COVID-19 was also described in patients with overt CLL disease. Contextually, lymphocytosis is an unexpected phenomenon since it is an uncommon feature in the COVID-19 patient population, who rather tend to experience lymphopenia. Thus, lymphocytosis that arises during COVID-19 infection is a thought-provoking behavior, strikingly in contrast with that observed in non-CLL individuals. Herein, we speculate about the possible mechanisms involved with the observed phenomenon. Many of the plausible explanations might have an adverse impact on these CLL patients and further clinical and laboratory investigations might be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brisejda Koroveshi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, ASL2 Liguria, S. Paolo Hospital, 17100 Savona, Italy
| | - Daniela Guardo
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorella Lanza
- Anatomical Pathology, ASL2 Liguria, Santa Corona Hospital, 17027 Pietra Ligure, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Enrico Cappelli
- Haematology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Bagnara D, Colombo M, Reverberi D, Matis S, Massara R, Cardente N, Ubezio G, Agostini V, Agnelli L, Neri A, Cardillo M, Vergani S, Ghiotto F, Mazzarello AN, Morabito F, Cutrona G, Ferrarini M, Fais F. Characterizing Features of Human Circulating B Cells Carrying CLL-Like Stereotyped Immunoglobulin Rearrangements. Front Oncol 2022; 12:894419. [PMID: 35837088 PMCID: PMC9275393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.894419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal CD5+ B cells with low surface immunoglobulins (IG). About 40% of CLL clones utilize quasi-identical B cell receptors, defined as stereotyped BCR. CLL-like stereotyped-IG rearrangements are present in normal B cells as a part of the public IG repertoire. In this study, we collected details on the representation and features of CLL-like stereotyped-IG in the IGH repertoire of B-cell subpopulations purified from the peripheral blood of nine healthy donors. The B-cell subpopulations were also fractioned according to the expression of surface CD5 molecules and IG light chain, IGκ and IGλ. IG rearrangements, obtained by high throughput sequencing, were scanned for the presence of CLL-like stereotyped-IG. CLL-like stereotyped-IG did not accumulate preferentially in the CD5+ B cells, nor in specific B-cell subpopulations or the CD5+ cell fraction thereof, and their distribution was not restricted to a single IG light chain type. CLL-like stereotyped-IG shared with the corresponding CLL stereotype rearrangements the IGHV mutational status. Instead, for other features such as IGHV genes and frequency, CLL stereotyped-IGs presented a CLL-like subset specific behavior which could, or could not, be consistent with CLL stereotyped-IGs. Therefore, as opposed to the immuno-phenotype, the features of the CLL stereotyped-IG repertoire suggest a CLL stereotyped subset-specific ontogeny. Overall, these findings suggest that the immune-genotype can provide essential details in tracking and defining the CLL cell of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bagnara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Davide Bagnara,
| | - Monica Colombo
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Matis
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosanna Massara
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Niccolò Cardente
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ubezio
- Transfusion Centre, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Agostini
- Transfusion Centre, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienza Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL)-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Martina Cardillo
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Stefano Vergani
- Developmental Immunology Unit, Division of Molecular Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fortunato Morabito
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hemato-Oncology Department, Augusta Victoria Hospital, East Jerusalem, Israel
- Biothecnology Research Unit, AO of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manlio Ferrarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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4
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Di Pisa F, Pesenti E, Bono M, Mazzarello AN, Bernardi C, Lisanti MP, Renzone G, Scaloni A, Ciccone E, Fais F, Bruno S, Scartezzini P, Ghiotto F. SH3BGRL3 binds to myosin 1c in a calcium dependent manner and modulates migration in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:41. [PMID: 34380438 PMCID: PMC8356473 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human SH3 domain Binding Glutamic acid Rich Like 3 (SH3BGRL3) gene is highly conserved in phylogeny and widely expressed in human tissues. However, its function is largely undetermined. The protein was found to be overexpressed in several tumors, and recent work suggested a possible relationship with EGFR family members. We aimed at further highlighting on these issues and investigated SH3BGRL3 molecular interactions and its role in cellular migration ability. Results We first engineered the ErbB2-overexpressing SKBR3 cells to express exogenous SH3BGRL3, as well as wild type Myo1c or different deletion mutants. Confocal microscopy analysis indicated that SH3BGRL3 co-localized with Myo1c and ErbB2 at plasma membranes. However, co-immunoprecipitation assays and mass spectrometry demonstrated that SH3BGRL3 did not directly bind ErbB2, but specifically recognized Myo1c, on its IQ-bearing neck region. Importantly, the interaction with Myo1c was Ca2+-dependent. A role for SH3BGRL3 in cell migration was also assessed, as RNA interference of SH3BGRL3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, used as a classical migration model, remarkably impaired the migration ability of these cells. On the other side, its over-expression increased cell motility. Conclusion The results of this study provide insights for the formulation of novel hypotheses on the putative role of SH3BGRL3 protein in the regulation of myosin-cytoskeleton dialog and in cell migration. It could be envisaged the SH3BGRL3-Myo1c interaction as a regulation mechanism for cytoskeleton dynamics. It is well known that, at low Ca2+ concentrations, the IQ domains of Myo1c are bound by calmodulin. Here we found that binding of Myo1c to SH3BGRL3 requires instead the presence of Ca2+. Thus, it could be hypothesized that Myo1c conformation may be modulated by Ca2+-driven mechanisms that involve alternative binding by calmodulin or SH3BGRL3, for the regulation of cytoskeletal activity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-021-00379-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Di Pisa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Elisa Pesenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maria Bono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea N Mazzarello
- Karches Center for Oncology Research, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Cinzia Bernardi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM-National Research Council, 80147, Naples, Italy
| | - Ermanno Ciccone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.,Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy. .,Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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5
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Bagnara D, Tang C, Brown JR, Kasar S, Fernandes S, Colombo M, Vergani S, Mazzarello AN, Ghiotto F, Bruno S, Morabito F, Rai KR, Kolitz JE, Barrientos JC, Allen SL, Fais F, Scharff MD, MacCarthy T, Chiorazzi N. Post-Transformation IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ Mutations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells: Implications for Mutational Mechanisms and Impact on Clinical Course. Front Oncol 2021; 11:640731. [PMID: 34113563 PMCID: PMC8186829 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.640731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of IGHV gene mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have had a major impact on the prognostication and treatment of this disease. A hallmark of IGHV-mutation status is that it very rarely changes clonally over time. Nevertheless, targeted and deep DNA sequencing of IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ regions has revealed intraclonal heterogeneity. We used a DNA sequencing approach that achieves considerable depth and minimizes artefacts and amplification bias to identify IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ subclones in patients with prolonged temporal follow-up. Our findings extend previous studies, revealing intraclonal IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ diversification in almost all CLL clones. Also, they indicate that some subclones with additional IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ mutations can become a large fraction of the leukemic burden, reaching numerical criteria for monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Notably, the occurrence and complexity of post-transformation IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ heterogeneity and the expansion of diversified subclones are similar among U-CLL and M-CLL patients. The molecular characteristics of the mutations present in the parental, clinically dominant CLL clone (CDC) differed from those developing post-transformation (post-CDC). Post-CDC mutations exhibit significantly lower fractions of mutations bearing signatures of activation induced deaminase (AID) and of error-prone repair by Polη, and most of the mutations were not ascribable to those enzymes. Additionally, post-CDC mutations displayed a lower percentage of nucleotide transitions compared with transversions that was also not like the action of AID. Finally, the post-CDC mutations led to significantly lower ratios of replacement to silent mutations in VH CDRs and higher ratios in VH FRs, distributions different from mutations found in normal B-cell subsets undergoing an AID-mediated process. Based on these findings, we propose that post-transformation mutations in CLL cells either reflect a dysfunctional standard somatic mutational process or point to the action of another mutational process not previously associated with IG V gene loci. If the former option is the case, post-CDC mutations could lead to a lesser dependence on antigen dependent BCR signaling and potentially a greater influence of off-target, non-IG genomic mutations. Alternatively, the latter activity could add a new stimulatory survival/growth advantage mediated by the BCR through structurally altered FRs, such as that occurring by superantigen binding and stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bagnara
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Catherine Tang
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Brown
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Siddha Kasar
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stacey Fernandes
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Monica Colombo
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Vergani
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Andrea N. Mazzarello
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fortunato Morabito
- Biotechnology Research Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hemato-Oncology Department, Augusta Victoria Hospital, East Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kanti R. Rai
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Kolitz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Jacqueline C. Barrientos
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Steven L. Allen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Molecular Pathology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matthew D. Scharff
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Thomas MacCarthy
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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6
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Gugiatti E, Tenca C, Ravera S, Fabbi M, Ghiotto F, Mazzarello AN, Bagnara D, Reverberi D, Zarcone D, Cutrona G, Ibatici A, Ciccone E, Darzynkiewicz Z, Fais F, Bruno S. A reversible carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) inhibitor offsets the proliferation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Haematologica 2018; 103:e531-e536. [PMID: 29930162 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.175414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gugiatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudya Tenca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marina Fabbi
- Biotherapies Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.,Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea N Mazzarello
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island, Experimental Immunology, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Davide Bagnara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island, Experimental Immunology, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Zarcone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adalberto Ibatici
- Hematology Unit and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ermanno Ciccone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Brander Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, NY, USA
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.,Molecular Pathology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy
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7
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Ronco C, Brendolan A, Crepaldi C, Frisone P, Ghiotto F, Zamboni S, Gastaldon F, La Greca G. On-Line Urea Monitoring: A Further Step towards Adequate Dialysis Prescription and Delivery. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889501800911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Aim Of This Study Is To Present A Clinical Experience Carried Out With A New Device Designed To Measure On-Line Urea Nitrogen Concentration In The Effluent Dialysate. The Biostat 1000® Urea Monitor (Baxter Healthcare, Dirfield, Iii, Usa) Was Utilized In The Present Study. The Monitor Is Based On The Principle That Multiple Urea Measurements In The Dialysate Effluent From The Dialyzer, Permit To Built A Double Exponential Regression Leading To The Urea Kinetic Parameters Of The Dialysis Session. Data Obtained With The Urea Monitor Were, In The Present Study, Compared With Those Obtained By Direct Measurements Carried Out In Blood And Dialysate And By The Collection Of The Whole Amount Of Spent Dialysate. The Monitor Provided An Accurate Value Of Predialysis Bun Without Any Blood Drawing. Urea Kinetics Were Established From Multiple Dialysate Measurements And No Blood Drawing Was Necessary. The Double Pool Kinetics Were Taken Into Account And Kt/V, Pcr And Sri° Obtained Were Comparable To Those Obtained From Direct Measurement. Since A Projected Value Of Kt/V Can Be Obtained, The Monitor Could Represent A Potential Source Of Information To Detect Possible Filter And Machine Dysfunction, As Well As High Rate Of Recirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Ronco
- Department Of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza - Italy
| | - A. Brendolan
- Department Of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza - Italy
| | - C. Crepaldi
- Department Of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza - Italy
| | - P. Frisone
- Department Of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza - Italy
| | - F. Ghiotto
- Department Of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza - Italy
| | - S. Zamboni
- Department Of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza - Italy
| | - F. Gastaldon
- Department Of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza - Italy
| | - G. La Greca
- Department Of Nephrology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza - Italy
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8
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Bruno S, Ledda B, Tenca C, Ravera S, Orengo AM, Mazzarello AN, Pesenti E, Casciaro S, Racchi O, Ghiotto F, Marini C, Sambuceti G, DeCensi A, Fais F. Metformin inhibits cell cycle progression of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22624-40. [PMID: 26265439 PMCID: PMC4673187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was believed to result from clonal accumulation of resting apoptosis-resistant malignant B lymphocytes. However, it became increasingly clear that CLL cells undergo, during their life, iterative cycles of re-activation and subsequent clonal expansion. Drugs interfering with CLL cell cycle entry would be greatly beneficial in the treatment of this disease. 1, 1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (metformin), the most widely prescribed oral hypoglycemic agent, inexpensive and well tolerated, has recently received increased attention for its potential antitumor activity. We wondered whether metformin has apoptotic and anti-proliferative activity on leukemic cells derived from CLL patients. Metformin was administered in vitro either to quiescent cells or during CLL cell activation stimuli, provided by classical co-culturing with CD40L-expressing fibroblasts. At doses that were totally ineffective on normal lymphocytes, metformin induced apoptosis of quiescent CLL cells and inhibition of cell cycle entry when CLL were stimulated by CD40-CD40L ligation. This cytostatic effect was accompanied by decreased expression of survival- and proliferation-associated proteins, inhibition of signaling pathways involved in CLL disease progression and decreased intracellular glucose available for glycolysis. In drug combination experiments, metformin lowered the apoptotic threshold and potentiated the cytotoxic effects of classical and novel antitumor molecules. Our results indicate that, while CLL cells after stimulation are in the process of building their full survival and cycling armamentarium, the presence of metformin affects this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bernardetta Ledda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudya Tenca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Orengo
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Nicola Mazzarello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island, Experimental Immunology, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Elisa Pesenti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Casciaro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialty, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Omar Racchi
- Hematology-Oncology Unit - Ospedale Villa Scassi, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Marini
- CNR Institute of Bioimages and Molecular Physiology, Milan, Section of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianmario Sambuceti
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy.,Department of Health Science, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea DeCensi
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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9
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Summers PA, Calladine JA, Ghiotto F, Dawson J, Sun XZ, Hamilton ML, Towrie M, Davies ES, McMaster J, George MW, Schröder M. Synthesis and Photophysical Study of a [NiFe] Hydrogenase Biomimetic Compound Covalently Linked to a Re-diimine Photosensitizer. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:527-36. [PMID: 26605700 PMCID: PMC4774970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The synthesis, photophysics, and
photochemistry of a linked dyad ([Re]-[NiFe2]) containing
an analogue ([NiFe2]) of the active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase,
covalently bound to a Re-diimine photosensitizer ([Re]), are described.
Following excitation, the mechanisms of electron transfer involving
the [Re] and [NiFe2] centers and the resulting decomposition
were investigated. Excitation of the [Re] center results in the population
of a diimine-based metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited state.
Reductive quenching by NEt3 produces the radically reduced
form of [Re], [Re]− (kq = 1.4 ± 0.1 × 107 M–1 s–1). Once formed, [Re]− reduces the
[NiFe2] center to [NiFe2]−, and this reduction was followed using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy.
The concentration dependence of the electron transfer rate constants
suggests that both inter- and intramolecular electron transfer pathways
are involved, and the rate constants for these processes have been
estimated (kinter = 5.9 ± 0.7 ×
108 M–1 s–1, kintra = 1.5 ± 0.1 × 105 s–1). For the analogous bimolecular system, only
intermolecular electron transfer could be observed (kinter = 3.8 ± 0.5 × 109 M–1 s–1). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic
studies confirms that decomposition of the dyad occurs upon prolonged
photolysis, and this appears to be a major factor for the low activity
of the system toward H2 production in acidic conditions. Excitation of the [Re] center in the linked-dyad complex
([Re]-[NiFe2]) populates the 3MLCT excited state,
and reductive quenching by NEt3 produces [Re]−. [Re]− reduces the [NiFe2] center to
[NiFe2]− via inter- and intramolecular
electron transfer pathways (kinter = 5.9
± 0.7 × 108 M−1 s−1, kintra = 1.5 ± 0.1 × 105 s−1). For the analogous bimolecular system,
where only intermolecular electron transfer could be observed, kinter = 3.8 ± 0.5 × 109 M−1 s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Summers
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo 315100, China
| | - James A Calladine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Dawson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Z Sun
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle L Hamilton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Dynamic Structural Science Consortium, Research Complex at Harwell , Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - E Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China , Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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10
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Bouyoucef SE, Uusitalo V, Kamperidis V, De Graaf M, Maaniitty T, Stenstrom I, Broersen A, Scholte A, Saraste A, Bax J, Knuuti J, Furuhashi T, Moroi M, Awaya T, Masai H, Minakawa M, Kunimasa T, Fukuda H, Sugi K, Berezin A, Kremzer A, Clerc O, Kaufmann B, Possner M, Liga R, Vontobel J, Mikulicic F, Graeni C, Benz D, Kaufmann P, Buechel R, Ferreira M, Cunha M, Albuquerque A, Ramos D, Costa G, Lima J, Pego M, Peix A, Cisneros L, Cabrera L, Padron K, Rodriguez L, Heres F, Carrillo R, Mena E, Fernandez Y, Huizing E, Van Dijk J, Van Dalen J, Timmer J, Ottervanger J, Slump C, Jager P, Venuraju S, Jeevarethinam A, Yerramasu A, Atwal S, Mehta V, Lahiri A, Arjonilla Lopez A, Calero Rueda MJ, Gallardo G, Fernandez-Cuadrado J, Hernandez Aceituno D, Sanchez Hernandez J, Yoshida H, Mizukami A, Matsumura A, Smettei O, Abazid R, Sayed S, Mlynarska A, Mlynarski R, Golba K, Sosnowski M, Winther S, Svensson M, Jorgensen H, Bouchelouche K, Gormsen L, Holm N, Botker H, Ivarsen P, Bottcher M, Cortes CM, Aramayo G E, Daicz M, Casuscelli J, Alaguibe E, Neira Sepulveda A, Cerda M, Ganum G, Embon M, Vigne J, Enilorac B, Lebasnier A, Valancogne L, Peyronnet D, Manrique A, Agostini D, Menendez D, Rajpal S, Kocherla C, Acharya M, Reddy P, Sazonova I, Ilushenkova Y, Batalov R, Rogovskaya Y, Lishmanov Y, Popov S, Varlamova N, Prado Diaz S, Jimenez Rubio C, Gemma D, Refoyo Salicio E, Valbuena Lopez S, Moreno Yanguela M, Torres M, Fernandez-Velilla M, Lopez-Sendon J, Guzman Martinez G, Puente A, Rosales S, Martinez C, Cabada M, Melendez G, Ferreira R, Gonzaga A, Santos J, Vijayan S, Smith S, Smith M, Muthusamy R, Takeishi Y, Oikawa M, Goral JL, Napoli J, Montana O, Damico A, Quiroz M, Damico A, Forcada P, Schmidberg J, Zucchiatti N, Olivieri D, Jeevarethinam A, Venuraju S, Dumo A, Ruano S, Rakhit R, Davar J, Nair D, Cohen M, Darko D, Lahiri A, Yokota S, Ottervanger J, Maas A, Mouden M, Timmer J, Knollema S, Jager P, Sanja Mazic S, Lazovic B, Marina Djelic M, Jelena Suzic Lazic J, Tijana Acimovic T, Milica Deleva M, Vesnina Z, Zafrir N, Bental T, Mats I, Solodky A, Gutstein A, Hasid Y, Belzer D, Kornowski R, Ben Said R, Ben Mansour N, Ibn Haj Amor H, Chourabi C, Hagui A, Fehri W, Hawala H, Shugushev Z, Patrikeev A, Maximkin D, Chepurnoy A, Kallianpur V, Mambetov A, Dokshokov G, Teresinska A, Wozniak O, Maciag A, Wnuk J, Dabrowski A, Czerwiec A, Jezierski J, Biernacka K, Robinson J, Prosser J, Cheung G, Allan S, Mcmaster G, Reid S, Tarbuck A, Martin W, Queiroz R, Falcao A, Giorgi M, Imada R, Nogueira S, Chalela W, Kalil Filho R, Meneghetti W, Matveev V, Bubyenov A, Podzolkov V, Shugushev Z, Maximkin D, Chepurnoy A, Baranovich V, Faibushevich A, Kolzhecova Y, Volkova O, Kallianpur V, Peix A, Cabrera L, Padron K, Rodriguez L, Fernandez J, Lopez G, Mena E, Fernandez Y, Dondi M, Paez D, Butcher C, Reyes E, Al-Housni M, Green R, Santiago H, Ghiotto F, Hinton-Taylor S, Pottle A, Mason M, Underwood S, Casans Tormo I, Diaz-Exposito R, Plancha-Burguera E, Elsaban K, Alsakhri H, Yoshinaga K, Ochi N, Tomiyama Y, Katoh C, Inoue M, Nishida M, Suzuki E, Manabe O, Ito Y, Tamaki N, Tahilyani A, Jafary F, Ho Hee Hwa H, Ozdemir S, Kirilmaz B, Barutcu A, Tan Y, Celik F, Sakgoz S, Cabada Gamboa M, Puente Barragan A, Morales Vitorino N, Medina Servin M, Hindorf C, Akil S, Hedeer F, Jogi J, Engblom H, Martire V, Pis Diez E, Martire M, Portillo D, Hoff C, Balche A, Majgaard J, Tolbod L, Harms H, Bouchelouche K, Soerensen J, Froekiaer J, Gormsen L, Nudi F, Neri G, Procaccini E, Pinto A, Vetere M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Falcao A, Chalela W, Giorgi M, Imada R, Soares J, Do Val R, Oliveira M, Kalil Filho R, Meneghetti J, Tekabe Y, Anthony T, Li Q, Schmidt A, Johnson L, Groenman M, Tarkia M, Kakela M, Halonen P, Kiviniemi T, Pietila M, Yla-Herttuala S, Knuuti J, Roivainen A, Saraste A, Nekolla S, Swirzek S, Higuchi T, Reder S, Schachoff S, Bschorner M, Laitinen I, Robinson S, Yousefi B, Schwaiger M, Kero T, Lindsjo L, Antoni G, Westermark P, Carlson K, Wikstrom G, Sorensen J, Lubberink M, Rouzet F, Cognet T, Guedj K, Morvan M, El Shoukr F, Louedec L, Choqueux C, Nicoletti A, Le Guludec D, Jimenez-Heffernan A, Munoz-Beamud F, Sanchez De Mora E, Borrachero C, Salgado C, Ramos-Font C, Lopez-Martin J, Hidalgo M, Lopez-Aguilar R, Soriano E, Okizaki A, Nakayama M, Ishitoya S, Sato J, Takahashi K, Burchert I, Caobelli F, Wollenweber T, Nierada M, Fulsche J, Dieckmann C, Bengel F, Shuaib S, Mahlum D, Port S, Gemma D, Refoyo E, Cuesta E, Guzman G, Lopez T, Valbuena S, Fernandez-Velilla M, Del Prado S, Moreno M, Lopez-Sendon J, Harbinson M, Donnelly L, Einstein AJ, Johnson LL, Deluca AJ, Kontak AC, Groves DW, Stant J, Pozniakoff T, Cheng B, Rabbani LE, Bokhari S, Caobelli F, Schuetze C, Nierada M, Fulsche J, Dieckmann C, Bengel F, Aguade-Bruix S, Pizzi M, Romero-Farina G, Terricabras M, Villasboas D, Castell-Conesa J, Candell-Riera J, Brunner S, Gross L, Todica A, Lehner S, Di Palo A, Niccoli Asabella A, Magarelli C, Notaristefano A, Ferrari C, Rubini G, Sellem A, Melki S, Elajmi W, Hammami H, Ziadi M, Montero J, Ameriso J, Villavicencio R, Benito Gonzalez TF, Mayorga Bajo A, Gutierrez Caro R, Rodriguez Santamarta M, Alvarez Roy L, Martinez Paz E, Barinaga Martin C, Martin Fernandez J, Alonso Rodriguez D, Iglesias Garriz I, Gemma D, Refoyo E, Cuesta E, Guzman G, Valbuena S, Rosillo S, Del Prado S, Torres M, Moreno M, Lopez-Sendon J, Taleb S, Cherkaoui Salhi G, Regbaoui Y, Ait Idir M, Guensi A, Puente A, Rosales S, Martinez C, Cabada M, Benito Gonzalez TF, Mayorga Bajo A, Gutierrez Caro R, Rodriguez Santamarta M, Alvarez Roy L, Martinez Paz E, Martin Lopez CE, Castano Ruiz M, Martin Fernandez J, Iglesias Garriz I. Poster Session 2: Monday 4 May 2015, 08:00-18:00 * Room: Poster Area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jev052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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11
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Summers PA, Dawson J, Ghiotto F, Hanson-Heine MWD, Vuong KQ, Stephen Davies E, Sun XZ, Besley NA, McMaster J, George MW, Schröder M. Photochemical Dihydrogen Production Using an Analogue of the Active Site of [NiFe] Hydrogenase. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4430-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic500089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Summers
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Dawson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Khuong Q. Vuong
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - E. Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Xue-Z. Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan McMaster
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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12
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Wang L, Poirier V, Ghiotto F, Bochmann M, Cannon RD, Carpentier JF, Sarazin Y. Kinetic Analysis of the Immortal Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters: A Case Study with Tin(II) Catalysts. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500124k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Wang
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis,
Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Valentin Poirier
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis,
Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Roderick D. Cannon
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis,
Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Yann Sarazin
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis,
Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Abstract
SUMMARY B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in human adults of the western world and no definitive cure is yet available. One key factor in CLL pathogenesis and disease progression is misbalanced Bcl-2 cell death machinery that is shifted towards protection from apoptosis. Thus, strategies to counteract the antiapoptotic action of the Bcl-2 family in CLL cells are being explored. The Bcl-2 family is composed of a growing number of proteins related to Bcl-2 by sequence homology and their interactions regulate the cell’s decision to die. The features of one particular subclass, the BH3-only proteins, are being studied and exploited for the development of therapeutic anticancer approaches that specifically target antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins overexpressed in tumors, including CLL. Preclinical and clinical efficacy and toxicity of the most effective among these ‘BH3 mimetics’ are presented, together with a model that accounts for the differential sensitivity of CLL and normal cells to Bcl-2 neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Fais
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Human Anatomy Section, Via De Toni 14, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Claudya Tenca
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Human Anatomy Section, Via De Toni 14, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Human Anatomy Section, Via De Toni 14, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Human Anatomy Section, Via De Toni 14, Genoa 16132, Italy
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14
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Colombo M, Cutrona G, Reverberi D, Bruno S, Ghiotto F, Tenca C, Stamatopoulos K, Hadzidimitriou A, Ceccarelli J, Salvi S, Boccardo S, Calevo MG, De Santanna A, Truini M, Fais F, Ferrarini M. Expression of immunoglobulin receptors with distinctive features indicating antigen selection by marginal zone B cells from human spleen. Mol Med 2013; 19:294-302. [PMID: 23877718 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) B cells, identified as surface (s)IgM(high)sIgD(low)CD23(low/-)CD21(+)CD38(-) B cells, were purified from human spleens, and the features of their V(D)J gene rearrangements were investigated and compared with those of germinal center (GC), follicular mantle (FM) and switched memory (SM) B cells. Most MZ B cells were CD27(+) and exhibited somatic hypermutations (SHM), although to a lower extent than SM B cells. Moreover, among MZ B-cell rearrangements, recurrent sequences were observed, some of which displayed intraclonal diversification. The same diversifying sequences were detected in very low numbers in GC and FM B cells and only when a highly sensitive, gene-specific polymerase chain reaction was used. This result indicates that MZ B cells could expand and diversify in situ and also suggested the presence of a number of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-expressing B cells in the MZ. The notion of antigen-driven expansion/selection in situ is further supported by the VH CDR3 features of MZ B cells with highly conserved amino acids at specific positions and by the finding of shared ("stereotyped") sequences in two different spleens. Collectively, the data are consistent with the notion that MZ B cells are a special subset selected by in situ antigenic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Colombo
- Direzione Scientifica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Bruno
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghiotto
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudya Tenca
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Agrobiotechnology, Center for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Hematology Department and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) Unit, G. Papanicolau Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Jenny Ceccarelli
- Direzione Scientifica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sandra Salvi
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Boccardo
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Calevo
- Division of Epidemiology and Statistic, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Truini
- Division of Pathology, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Manlio Ferrarini
- Direzione Scientifica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Ghiotto F, Pateraki C, Tanskanen J, Severn JR, Luehmann N, Kusmin A, Stellbrink J, Linnolahti M, Bochmann M. Probing the Structure of Methylalumoxane (MAO) by a Combined Chemical, Spectroscopic, Neutron Scattering, and Computational Approach. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4002878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghiotto
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis
Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
United Kingdom
| | - Chrysoula Pateraki
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis
Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
United Kingdom
| | - Jukka Tanskanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - John R. Severn
- UHMwPE Chemistry & Catalysis, DSM, NL-6160MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Luehmann
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science and Institute for Complex
Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - André Kusmin
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science and Institute for Complex
Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Stellbrink
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science and Institute for Complex
Systems, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis
Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
United Kingdom
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16
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Marcatili P, Ghiotto F, Tenca C, Chailyan A, Mazzarello AN, Yan XJ, Colombo M, Albesiano E, Bagnara D, Cutrona G, Morabito F, Bruno S, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N, Tramontano A, Fais F. Igs Expressed by Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells Show Limited Binding-Site Structure Variability. J I 2013; 190:5771-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Ghiotto F, Pateraki C, Severn JR, Friederichs N, Bochmann M. Rapid evaluation of catalysts and MAO activators by kinetics: what controls polymer molecular weight and activity in metallocene/MAO catalysts? Dalton Trans 2013; 42:9040-8. [PMID: 23462813 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst activators of different concentrations and preparative histories on the performance of 1-hexene polymerisations was investigated by kinetic methods, using rac-Me2Si(2-Me-Benz[e]Ind)2ZrCl2 as the standard catalyst precursor. Fast sampling and analysis allow the time dependence of monomer conversion and the growth of the number-average polymer molecular weight to be determined at a sufficiently short timescale to make this a feasible method for routine catalyst evaluation. Differences in productivity, polymer molecular weight and active species count are shown to be primarily a linear function of the trimethylaluminium concentration. The results in toluene and heptane as solvents are compared; the data show that the inferior performance in heptane is due to a substantially lower active species concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghiotto
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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18
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Bruno S, Ghiotto F, Tenca C, Mazzarello AN, Bono M, Luzzi P, Casciaro S, Recchia A, Decensi A, Morabito F, Fais F. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide promotes apoptosis of resting and proliferating B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and potentiates fludarabine and ABT-737 cytotoxicity. Leukemia 2012; 26:2260-8. [PMID: 22475870 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro effects of the synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR, fenretinide) on primary B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells from previously untreated CLL patients were investigated. 4HPR promoted the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and was accompanied by drop of Mcl-1 protein expression. The latter was not attributable to transcriptional downregulation but to protein degradation mediated by jun N-terminal kinase activation, and likely by NF-kB downregulation and Noxa upregulation. CLL cells stimulated in vitro with CD40L did not increase 4HPR chemoresistance if activation was accompanied by proliferation. Intra-patient analysis confirmed that the proliferating pool of CLL cells was more sensitive to the cytotoxic action of 4HPR than the activated but resting CLL subpopulation. The different 4HPR susceptibility of the two subpopulations was associated with higher Noxa expression in proliferating CLLs. Combination experiments revealed that 4HPR strongly potentiated ABT-737 cytotoxicity, especially in proliferating CLL cells that displayed amplified chemoresistance to ABT-737 alone. Synergic cytotoxicity was also demonstrated in combination with fludarabine, in both resting and stimulated CLL samples. This study entitles 4HPR to be assayed as a chemotherapeutic adjuvant for the treatment of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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19
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Scapolan O, Mazzarello AN, Bono M, Occhino M, Ogryzko V, Bestagno M, Scartezzini P, Bruno S, Fais F, Ghiotto F. A vector design that allows fast and convenient production of differently tagged proteins. Mol Biotechnol 2011; 52:16-25. [PMID: 22076571 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-011-9469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant-tagged proteins have a widespread use in experimental research as well as in clinical diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Well-stocked sets of differently tagged variants of a same protein would be of great help. However, the construction of differently tagging vectors is a demanding task since cloning procedures need several tailored DNA inserts. In this study, we describe a novel vector system that allows a cost- and time-effective production of differently tagged variants of a same protein by using the same DNA fragment and a set of vectors each carrying a different tag. The design of these expression vectors is based on an intronic region that becomes functional upon cloning the insert sequence, splicing of which attaches a certain tag to the protein termini. This strategy allows for the cloning of the fragment that codes for the protein of interest, without any further modification, into different vectors, previously built and ready-to-use, each carrying a tag that will be joined to the protein. Proof of principle for our expression system, presented here, is shown through the production of a functional anti-GD2 Fab fragment tagged with biotin or polyhistidine, or a combination of both, followed by the demonstration of the functional competencies of both the protein and the tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Scapolan
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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20
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Ghiotto F, Marcatili P, Tenca C, Calevo MG, Yan XJ, Albesiano E, Bagnara D, Colombo M, Cutrona G, Chu CC, Morabito F, Bruno S, Ferrarini M, Tramontano A, Fais F, Chiorazzi N. Mutation pattern of paired immunoglobulin heavy and light variable domains in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells. Mol Med 2011; 17:1188-95. [PMID: 21785810 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients display leukemic clones bearing either germline or somatically mutated immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV ) genes. Most information on CLL immunoglobulins (Igs), such as the definition of stereotyped B-cell receptors (BCRs), was derived from germline unmutated Igs. In particular, detailed studies on the distribution and nature of mutations in paired heavy- and light-chain domains of CLL clones bearing mutated Igs are lacking. To address the somatic hyper-mutation dynamics of CLL Igs, we analyzed the mutation pattern of paired IGHV-diversity-joining (IGHV-D-J ) and immunoglobulin kappa/lambda variable-joining (IGK/LV-J ) rearrangements of 193 leukemic clones that displayed ≥ 2% mutations in at least one of the two immunoglobulin variable (IGV ) genes (IGHV and/or IGK/LV ). The relationship between the mutation frequency in IGHV and IGK/LV complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and framework regions (FRs) was evaluated by correlation analysis. Replacement (R) mutation frequency within IGK/LV chain CDRs correlated significantly with mutation frequency of paired IGHV CDRs in λ but not κ isotype CLL clones. CDRs of IGKV-J rearrangements displayed a lower percentage of R mutations than IGHVs. The frequency/pattern of mutations in kappa CLL Igs differed also from that in κ-expressing normal B cells described in the literature. Instead, the mutation frequency within the FRs of IGHV and either IGKV or IGLV was correlated. Notably, the amount of diversity introduced by replaced amino acids was comparable between IGHVs and IGKVs. The data indicate a different mutation pattern between κ and λ isotype CLL clones and suggest an antigenic selection that, in κ samples, operates against CDR variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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21
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Colombo M, Cutrona G, Reverberi D, Fabris S, Neri A, Fabbi M, Quintana G, Quarta G, Ghiotto F, Fais F, Ferrarini M. Intraclonal cell expansion and selection driven by B cell receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Med 2011; 17:834-9. [PMID: 21541442 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutational status of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) genes utilized by chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) clones defines two disease subgroups. Patients with unmutated IGHV have a more aggressive disease and a worse outcome than patients with cells having somatic IGHV gene mutations. Moreover, up to 30% of the unmutated CLL clones exhibit very similar or identical B cell receptors (BcR), often encoded by the same IG genes. These "stereotyped" BcRs have been classified into defined subsets. The presence of an IGHV gene somatic mutation and the utilization of a skewed gene repertoire compared with normal B cells together with the expression of stereotyped receptors by unmutated CLL clones may indicate stimulation/selection by antigenic epitopes. This antigenic stimulation may occur prior to or during neoplastic transformation, but it is unknown whether this stimulation/selection continues after leukemogenesis has ceased. In this study, we focused on seven CLL cases with stereotyped BcR Subset #8 found among a cohort of 700 patients; in six, the cells expressed IgG and utilized IGHV4-39 and IGKV1-39/IGKV1D-39 genes, as reported for Subset #8 BcR. One case exhibited special features, including expression of IgM or IgG by different subclones consequent to an isotype switch, allelic inclusion at the IGH locus in the IgM-expressing cells and a particular pattern of cytogenetic lesions. Collectively, the data indicate a process of antigenic stimulation/selection of the fully transformed CLL cells leading to the expansion of the Subset #8 IgG-bearing subclone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Colombo
- Division of Medical Oncology C, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, IST, Genova, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
Most cell death in vertebrates proceeds through the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and results from unregulated increase of mitochondrial membrane permeability. Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl2-antagonist/killer protein (Bak), the effector proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, are, in their active state, the principal accomplices for this permeabilization process. How exactly Bax and Bak are activated has been a matter of major investigation in the last decade, and suitable tools offered by quantitative cytometric methodologies have significantly contributed to the understanding of the function of Bcl-2 family members. Here, we review the most relevant findings in this field and highlight one common trait that has emerged from the diverse new theories: a crucial role in the control of Bax/Bak activation has to be attributed to the BH3-only subset of the Bcl-2 family. BH3-only proteins exert their proapoptotic activity by hierarchical and tightly tuned interactions with other Bcl-2 family members and operate as sensors of intracellular/extracellular death signals and vectors of information to the core apoptotic machinery. Given their essential role in apoptosis, BH3-only molecules are proposed as molecular targets for the cure of diseases associated with abnormal cell death, as in the case with neurodegenerative conditions. As well, they are explored as possible tools for cancer therapy, according to the concept that molecules mimicking the BH3 domain of these proteins could selectively and efficiently cooperate in the cell killing by chemotherapeutic drugs. A few BH3 mimetics are currently being tested in clinical trials of hematologic and solid tumors. Nevertheless, the knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate responsiveness to BH3 therapy has to be further expanded and will benefit from recent advances in cytometric quantitative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
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23
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Fais F, Bruno S, Ghiotto F. Role of the B-cell receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: where do we stand? Ital J Anat Embryol 2010; 115:79-84. [PMID: 21072994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The past 15 years have witnessed an enormous effort in studying B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. A great number of researches brought significant novel information and a better understanding of the natural history of this disease. This mini review will focus on the studies related to the Immunoglobulin variable (IgV) genes rearrangements that compose the B-cell receptor (BcR) of the leukemic clones. These studies have defined a role for the antigen(s) in the paths that lead to leukemic clone generation/expansion and underscore the informative value represented by BcR analyses.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Clone Cells
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/physiology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Mutation/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Fais
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa.
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24
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Ghiotto F, Fais F, Tenca C, Tomati V, Morabito F, Casciaro S, Mumot A, Zoppoli G, Ciccone E, Parodi S, Bruno S. Apoptosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induced by a novel BH3 peptidomimetic. Cancer Biol Ther 2009; 8:263-71. [PMID: 19164937 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.8.3.7424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is the most common leukemia in human adults of the Western world and no definitive cure is yet available. The disease is characterized by accumulation of clonal malignant B lymphocytes resistant to apoptosis. Strategies to hit the anti-apoptotic drift of the Bcl-2 family in B-CLL cells are being explored. A novel peptidomimetic based on the BH3 domain of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim and recently shown to exert significant apoptotic activity on acute myeloid leukemia cells, both in vitro and in vivo, was assayed on ex-vivo derived leukemic cells from untreated B-CLL patients (n = 7). We found that this peptide, named 072RB, induced apoptosis of B-CLL samples at a concentration that does not affect viability of peripheral and bone marrow derived lymphocytes from healthy donors. Apoptosis was demonstrated by activation of Bak and Bax, externalization of plasma membranes phosphadydilserines, appearance of hypodiploid events in DNA flow cytometry histograms and was accompanied by dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Before the onset of marked apoptotic signs a progressive decline of the relevant anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-X(L) and Mcl-1 could be observed. The negative control peptide 072RBL94A was ineffective for B-CLL cells, supporting the sequence specificity of 072RB activity. No relationship was found between responsiveness to 072RB and Mcl-1/Bcl-X(L) basal levels or decrease magnitude, possibly because of the limited sample size of the study. Altogether, we demonstrate that 072RB induces significant apoptosis of B-CLL cells subsequent to Bcl-X(L) and Mcl-1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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25
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26
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Maffei M, Ghiotto F, Occhino M, Bono M, De Santanna A, Battini L, Gusella GL, Fais F, Bruno S, Ciccone E. Human cytomegalovirus regulates surface expression of the viral protein UL18 by means of two motifs present in the cytoplasmic tail. J Immunol 2008; 180:969-79. [PMID: 18178837 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UL18 is a trans-membrane viral protein expressed on human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected cells, and its surface expression determines the interaction of infected cells with lymphocytes expressing the CD85j (LIR-1/ILT2) receptor. We previously showed that the UL18-CD85j interaction elicits activation of T lymphocytes. However, in in vitro cell models UL18 displays mostly undetectable surface expression. Thus, we asked how surface expression of UL18 is regulated. Domain-swapping experiments and construction of specific mutants demonstrated that two motifs on its cytoplasmic tail, homologous to YXXPhi and KKXX consensus sequences, respectively, are responsible for impairing UL18 surface expression. However, the presence of the whole HCMV genome, granted by HCMV infection of human fibroblasts, restored surface expression of either UL18 or chimeric proteins carrying the UL18 cytoplasmic tail, starting from the third day after infection. It is of note that the two motifs responsible for cytoplasmic retention are identical in all 17 HCMV strains examined. We disclosed a control mechanism used by the HCMV to regulate the availability of UL18 on the infected-cell surface to allow interaction with its ligand on T and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Maffei
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
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27
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Occhino M, Ghiotto F, Soro S, Mortarino M, Bosi S, Maffei M, Bruno S, Nardini M, Figini M, Tramontano A, Ciccone E. Dissecting the structural determinants of the interaction between the human cytomegalovirus UL18 protein and the CD85j immune receptor. J Immunol 2008; 180:957-68. [PMID: 18178836 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.2.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UL18 is a glycoprotein encoded by the human cytomegalovirus genome and is thought to play a pivotal role during human cytomegalovirus infection, although its exact function is still a matter of debate. UL18 shares structural similarity with MHC class I and binds the receptor CD85j on immune cells. Besides UL18, CD85j binds MHC class I molecules. The binding properties of CD85j to MHC class I molecules have been thoroughly studied. Conversely, very little information is available on the CD85j/UL18 complex, namely that UL18 binds CD85j through its alpha3 domain with an affinity that is approximately 1000-fold higher than the MHC class I affinity for CD85j. Deeper knowledge of features of the UL18/CD85j complex would help to disclose the function of UL18 when it binds to CD85j. In this study we first demonstrated that the UL18alpha3 domain is not sufficient per se for binding and that beta2-microglobulin is necessary for UL18-CD85j interaction. We then dissected structural determinants of binding UL18 to CD85j. To this end, we constructed a three-dimensional model of the complex. The model was used to design mutants in selected regions of the putative interaction interface, the effects of which were measured on binding. Six regions in both the alpha2 and alpha3 domains and specific amino acids within them were identified that are potentially involved in the UL18-CD85j interaction. The higher affinity of UL18 to CD85j, compared with MHC class I, seems to be due not to additional interaction regions but to an overall better fit of the two molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Occhino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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28
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Balzano F, Cuzzola A, Diversi P, Ghiotto F, Uccello-Barretta G. Cationic Gold(I) Phosphanyl Thiolates: Aurophilic Interactions in the Solid State and in Solution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Ghiotto F, Fais F, Albesiano E, Sison C, Valetto A, Gaidano G, Reinhardt J, Kolitz JE, Rai K, Allen SL, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. Similarities and differences between the light and heavy chain Ig variable region gene repertoires in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Med 2007. [PMID: 17380195 DOI: 10.2119/2006-00080.ghiotto] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of Ig V(H)DJ(H) rearrangements expressed by B-CLL cells have provided insights into the antigen receptor repertoire of B-CLL cells and the maturation stages of B-lymphocytes that give rise to this disease. However, less information is available about the L chain V gene segments utilized by B-CLL cells and to what extent their characteristics resemble those of the H chain. We analyzed the V(L) and J(L) gene segments of 206 B-CLL patients, paying particular attention to frequency of use and association, mutation status, and LCDR3 characteristics. Approximately 40% of B-CLL cases express V(L) genes that differ significantly from their germline counterparts. Certain genes were virtually always mutated and others virtually never. In addition, preferential pairing of specific V(L) and J(L) segments was found. These findings are reminiscent of the expressed VH repertoire in B-CLL. However unlike the V(H) repertoire, V(L) gene use was not significantly different than that of normal B-lymphocytes. In addition, Vkappa genes that lie more upstream on the germline locus were less frequently mutated than those at the 3' end of the locus; this was not the case for Vlambda genes and is not for V(H) genes. These similarities and differences between the IgH and IgL V gene repertoires expressed in B-CLL suggest some novel features while also reinforcing concepts derived from studies of the IgH repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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30
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Ghiotto F, Fais F, Albesiano E, Sison C, Valetto A, Gaidano G, Reinhardt J, Kolitz JE, Rai K, Allen SL, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. Similarities and differences between the light and heavy chain Ig variable region gene repertoires in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Med 2007; 12:300-8. [PMID: 17380195 PMCID: PMC1829199 DOI: 10.2119/2006–00080.ghiotto] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 10/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of Ig V(H)DJ(H) rearrangements expressed by B-CLL cells have provided insights into the antigen receptor repertoire of B-CLL cells and the maturation stages of B-lymphocytes that give rise to this disease. However, less information is available about the L chain V gene segments utilized by B-CLL cells and to what extent their characteristics resemble those of the H chain. We analyzed the V(L) and J(L) gene segments of 206 B-CLL patients, paying particular attention to frequency of use and association, mutation status, and LCDR3 characteristics. Approximately 40% of B-CLL cases express V(L) genes that differ significantly from their germline counterparts. Certain genes were virtually always mutated and others virtually never. In addition, preferential pairing of specific V(L) and J(L) segments was found. These findings are reminiscent of the expressed VH repertoire in B-CLL. However unlike the V(H) repertoire, V(L) gene use was not significantly different than that of normal B-lymphocytes. In addition, Vkappa genes that lie more upstream on the germline locus were less frequently mutated than those at the 3' end of the locus; this was not the case for Vlambda genes and is not for V(H) genes. These similarities and differences between the IgH and IgL V gene repertoires expressed in B-CLL suggest some novel features while also reinforcing concepts derived from studies of the IgH repertoire.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/isolation & purification
- Gene Frequency
- Gene Rearrangement/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin M/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Multigene Family
- Mutation
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Reference Values
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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31
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Bagnara D, Callea V, Stelitano C, Morabito F, Fabris S, Neri A, Zanardi S, Ghiotto F, Ciccone E, Grossi CE, Fais F. IgV gene intraclonal diversification and clonal evolution in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2006; 133:50-8. [PMID: 16512828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Intraclonal diversification of immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) genes was evaluated in leukaemic cells from a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) case over a 2-year period at four time points. Intraclonal heterogeneity was analysed by sequencing 305 molecular clones derived from polymerase chain reaction amplification of B-CLL cell IgV heavy (H) and light (C) chain gene rearrangements. Sequences were compared with evaluating intraclonal variation and the nature of somatic mutations. Although IgV intraclonal variation was detected at all time points, its level decreased with time and a parallel emergence of two more represented V(H)DJ(H) clones was observed. They differed by nine nucleotide substitutions one of which only caused a conservative replacement aminoacid change. In addition, one V(L)J(L) rearrangement became more represented over time. Analyses of somatic mutations suggest antigen selection and impairment of negative selection of neoplastic cells. In addition, a genealogical tree representing a model of clonal evolution of the neoplastic cells was created. It is of note that, during the period of study, the patient showed clinical progression of disease. We conclude that antigen stimulation and somatic hypermutation may participate in disease progression through the selection and expansion of neoplastic subclone(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bagnara
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy Section, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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32
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Messmer BT, Albesiano E, Efremov DG, Ghiotto F, Allen SL, Kolitz J, Foa R, Damle RN, Fais F, Messmer D, Rai KR, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. Multiple distinct sets of stereotyped antigen receptors indicate a role for antigen in promoting chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 200:519-25. [PMID: 15314077 PMCID: PMC2211936 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the diversity of the expressed variable (V) region repertoire of the immunoglobulin (Ig)H chain of B-CLL cells is restricted. Although limited examples of marked constraint in the primary structure of the H and L chain V regions exist, the possibility that this level of restriction is a general principle in this disease has not been accepted. This report describes five sets of patients, mostly with unmutated or minimally mutated IgV genes, with strikingly similar B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) arising from the use of common H and L chain V region gene segments that share CDR3 structural features such as length, amino acid composition, and unique amino acid residues at recombination junctions. Thus, a much more striking degree of structural restriction of the entire BCR and a much higher frequency of receptor sharing exists among patients than appreciated previously. The data imply that either a significant fraction of B-CLL cells was selected by a limited set of antigenic epitopes at some point in their development and/or that they derive from a distinct B cell subpopulation with limited Ig V region diversity. These shared, stereotyped Ig molecules may be valuable probes for antigen identification and important targets for cross-reactive idiotypic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T Messmer
- North Shore-LIJ Research Institute, 350 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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33
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Saverino D, Ghiotto F, Merlo A, Bruno S, Battini L, Occhino M, Maffei M, Tenca C, Pileri S, Baldi L, Fabbi M, Bachi A, De Santanna A, Grossi CE, Ciccone E. Specific recognition of the viral protein UL18 by CD85j/LIR-1/ILT2 on CD8+ T cells mediates the non-MHC-restricted lysis of human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. J Immunol 2004; 172:5629-37. [PMID: 15100307 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune evasion mechanisms of human CMV are known; however, the immune control of infection remains poorly elucidated. We show that interaction between the viral protein UL18 on infected cells and the invariant receptor CD85j/LIR-1/ILT2 expressed on CTL is relevant for the control of infection. Resting and activated CD8(+) T cells lysed UL18 expressing cells, whereas cells infected with CMV defective for UL18 were not killed. Lysis was not dependent on CD8(+) T cell Ag specificity, MHC-unrestricted and specifically blocked by anti-CD85j and anti-UL18 mAb. Moreover, soluble recombinant UL18Fc immunoprecipitated CD85j from T cells. Activation is mediated by CD85j and its pathway is unrelated to CD3/TCR engagement. UL18 is detected in immunocompromised patients with productive infection and the mechanism used in vivo by human CMV to ensure survival of the immunocompetent host may be mediated by activation signals delivered by infected cells to T lymphocytes via UL18/CD85j interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Capsid Proteins/biosynthesis
- Capsid Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/virology
- HeLa Cells
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/physiology
- Humans
- Interphase/immunology
- Jurkat Cells
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Saverino
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
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34
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Wasil T, Albesiano E, Ghiotto F, Allen SL, Rai KR, Messner B, Chiorazzi N. Ig V gene mutation status correlates well with clinical course and outcome regardless of surface membrane isotype expressed by B-CLL cells. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Wasil
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; North Shore - LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, NY; Dipartmento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita di Genova, Italy; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY; North Shore-LIJ Research Institue, Manhasset, NY
| | - E. Albesiano
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; North Shore - LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, NY; Dipartmento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita di Genova, Italy; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY; North Shore-LIJ Research Institue, Manhasset, NY
| | - F. Ghiotto
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; North Shore - LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, NY; Dipartmento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita di Genova, Italy; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY; North Shore-LIJ Research Institue, Manhasset, NY
| | - S. L. Allen
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; North Shore - LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, NY; Dipartmento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita di Genova, Italy; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY; North Shore-LIJ Research Institue, Manhasset, NY
| | - K. R. Rai
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; North Shore - LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, NY; Dipartmento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita di Genova, Italy; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY; North Shore-LIJ Research Institue, Manhasset, NY
| | - B. Messner
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; North Shore - LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, NY; Dipartmento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita di Genova, Italy; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY; North Shore-LIJ Research Institue, Manhasset, NY
| | - N. Chiorazzi
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; North Shore - LIJ Research Institute, Manhasset, NY; Dipartmento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita di Genova, Italy; North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY; North Shore-LIJ Research Institue, Manhasset, NY
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35
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Ghiotto F, Fais F, Valetto A, Albesiano E, Hashimoto S, Dono M, Ikematsu H, Allen SL, Kolitz J, Rai KR, Nardini M, Tramontano A, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. Remarkably similar antigen receptors among a subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2004; 113:1008-16. [PMID: 15057307 PMCID: PMC379317 DOI: 10.1172/jci19399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2003] [Accepted: 01/06/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) expressed by leukemic lymphocytes from patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) suggest that B lymphocytes with some level of BCR structural restriction become transformed. While analyzing rearranged V(H)DJ(H) and V(L)J(L) genes of 25 non-IgM-producing B-CLL cases, we found five IgG(+) cases that display strikingly similar BCRs (use of the same H- and L-chain V gene segments with unique, shared heavy chain third complementarity-determining region [HCDR3] and light chain third complementarity-determining region [LCDR3] motifs). These H- and L-chain characteristics were not identified in other B-CLL cases or in normal B lymphocytes whose sequences are available in the public databases. Three-dimensional modeling studies suggest that these BCRs could bind the same antigenic epitope. The structural features of the B-CLL BCRs resemble those of mAb's reactive with carbohydrate determinants of bacterial capsules or viral coats and with certain autoantigens. These findings suggest that the B lymphocytes that gave rise to these IgG(+) B-CLL cells were selected for this unique BCR structure. This selection could have occurred because the precursors of the B-CLL cells were chosen for their antigen-binding capabilities by antigen(s) of restricted nature and structure, or because the precursors derived from a B cell subpopulation with limited BCR heterogeneity, or both.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghiotto
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, USA
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36
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Albesiano E, Messmer BT, Ghiotto F, Fais F, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. 69 MULTIPLE SETS OF STEREOTYPED IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGIONS SUGGEST A ROLE FOR ANTIGEN IN THE EVOLUTION OF B-CLL. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl2-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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37
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Damle RN, Batliwalla FM, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, Albesiano E, Sison C, Allen SL, Kolitz J, Vinciguerra VP, Kudalkar P, Wasil T, Rai KR, Ferrarini M, Gregersen PK, Chiorazzi N. Telomere length and telomerase activity delineate distinctive replicative features of the B-CLL subgroups defined by immunoglobulin V gene mutations. Blood 2003; 103:375-82. [PMID: 14504108 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) segregate into subgroups with very different survival times. Because clinical observations suggest that leukemic cells accumulate at different rates, we measured telomere length and telomerase activity in B-CLL cells to distinguish differences in cellular replication. Our data indicate that the telomeres of B-CLL cells are shorter than telomeres of B cells from healthy subjects, indicating that the leukemic cells have a prolonged proliferative history. Leukemic cells of the immunoglobulin V gene mutation subgroups differ in telomere length and telomerase activity. B lymphocytes from the subgroup with poor outcome and with limited IgV gene mutations have uniformly shorter telomeres and more telomerase activity than those from the subgroup with better outcome and with considerable mutations. Differences in telomere length appear to largely reflect the proliferative histories of precursors of the leukemic cells, although differences in cell division, masked by the action of telomerase, cannot be excluded. These results may provide insight into the stages of maturation and the activation pathways of the cells that give rise to B-CLL. In addition, they reinforce the concept that B-CLL is not simply an accumulative disease of slowly dividing B lymphocytes but possibly one of B cells with extensive proliferative histories.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte
- B-Lymphocytes/enzymology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Kinetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/enzymology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/enzymology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mutation
- Neutrophils/enzymology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Telomerase/metabolism
- Telomere/enzymology
- Telomere/ultrastructure
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra N Damle
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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38
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Bruno S, Ghiotto F, Fais F, Fagioli M, Luzi L, Pelicci PG, Grossi CE, Ciccone E. The PML gene is not involved in the regulation of MHC class I expression in human cell lines. Blood 2003; 101:3514-9. [PMID: 12506025 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-11-3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The promyelocytic leukemia gene, PML, is a growth and transformation suppressor. An additional role for PML as a regulator of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen presentation has been proposed in a murine model, which would account for evasion from host immunity of tumors bearing malfunctioning PML, such as acute promyelocytic leukemia. Here we investigated a possible role of PML for the control MHC class I expression in human cells. PML function was perturbed in human cell lines either by PML/RAR alpha transfection or by PML- specific RNA interference. Impairment of wild-type PML function was proved by a microspeckled disassembly of nuclear bodies (NBs), where the protein is normally localized, or by their complete disappearance. However, no MHC class I down-regulation was observed in both instances. We next constructed a PML mutant, PML mut ex3, that is a human homolog of the murine PML mutant, truncated in exon 3, that was shown to down-regulate murine MHC class I. PML mut ex3 transfected in human cell lines exerted a dominant-negative effect since no PML molecules were detected in NBs but, instead, in perinuclear and cytoplasmic larger dot-like structures. Nevertheless, no down-regulation of MHC class I expression was evident. Moreover, neither transfection with PML mut ex3 nor PML-specific RNA interference affected the ability of gamma-interferon to up-regulate MHC class I expression. We conclude that, in human cell lines, PML is not involved directly in the regulation of MHC class I expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, Genoa University, Genoa, Italy.
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39
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Damle RN, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, Albesiano E, Fais F, Yan XJ, Sison CP, Allen SL, Kolitz J, Schulman P, Vinciguerra VP, Budde P, Frey J, Rai KR, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells express a surface membrane phenotype of activated, antigen-experienced B lymphocytes. Blood 2002; 99:4087-93. [PMID: 12010811 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.11.4087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is considered an accumulative disease of antigen-naive CD5(+) B lymphocytes that circulate in the resting state. However, to evaluate the possibility that B-CLL cells resemble antigen-experienced and activated B cells, we analyzed the expression of markers of cellular activation and differentiation on CD5(+)CD19(+) cells from B-CLL patients and from age-matched healthy donors. The leukemic cells from all B-CLL patients, including those that lack significant numbers of V gene mutations, bear the phenotype of activated B cells based on the overexpression of the activation markers CD23, CD25, CD69, and CD71 and the underexpression of CD22, Fcgamma receptor IIb, CD79b, and immunoglobulin D that are down-regulated by cell triggering and activation. Furthermore, these leukemic cells resemble antigen-experienced lymphocytes in the underexpression of molecules that are down-regulated by cell triggering and in the uniform expression of CD27, an identifier of memory B cells. A comparison of the phenotypes of B-CLL patients with and without immunoglobulin V gene mutations suggests that the 2 subgroups differ both in specific marker expression (CD69, CD71, CD62 L, CD40, CD39, and HLA-DR) and in the time since antigenic stimulation, based on the reciprocal relationship of CD69 and CD71 expression. These findings imply that the leukemic cells from all B-CLL cases (irrespective of V gene mutations) exhibit features of activated and of antigen-experienced B lymphocytes and that the B-CLL cells that differ in immunoglobulin V genotype may have different antigen-encounter histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra N Damle
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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40
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Mazzocco M, Maffei M, Egeo A, Vergano A, Arrigo P, Di Lisi R, Ghiotto F, Scartezzini P. The identification of a novel human homologue of the SH3 binding glutamic acid-rich (SH3BGR) gene establishes a new family of highly conserved small proteins related to Thioredoxin Superfamily. Gene 2002; 291:233-9. [PMID: 12095696 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The SH3 binding glutamic acid-rich (SH3BGR) gene was cloned in an effort to identify genes located to human chromosome 21, within the congenital heart disease region, and expressed in the developing heart. After the identification of SH3BGR, two human homologous genes, SH3BGRL and SH3BGRL3, were identified and mapped to chromosome Xq13.3 and 1p34.3-35, respectively. SH3BGRL and SH3BGRL3 code for small proteins similar to the N-terminal region of the SH3BGR protein. SH3BGRL3 protein shows a significant similarity to Glutaredoxin 1 of Escherichia coli, and all the three proteins are predicted to belong to Thioredoxin-like protein Superfamily. Here we describe the identification and characterization of an additional human homologue of SH3BGR, named SH3BGRL2. The SH3BGRL2 gene maps to chromosome 6q13-15 and its messenger RNA has a large 3' untranslated region containing several AUUUA repeats. SH3BGRL2 codes for a protein of 107 amino acids, which, like SH3BGRL and SH3BGRL3 proteins, is highly homologous to the N-terminal region of the SH3BGR protein and appears to be related to Glutaredoxins and to PKC-interacting cousin of thioredoxin homology domain. We propose that the identification of SH3BGRL2 establishes a novel family of human genes, coding for highly conserved small proteins belonging to Thioredoxin-like protein Superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Mazzocco
- Divisione di Neonatologia, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, I-16128 Genoa, Italy
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41
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Mazzocco M, Arrigo P, Egeo A, Maffei M, Vergano A, Di Lisi R, Ghiotto F, Ciccone E, Cinti R, Ravazzolo R, Scartezzini P. A novel human homologue of the SH3BGR gene encodes a small protein similar to Glutaredoxin 1 of Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:540-5. [PMID: 11444877 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are ubiquitous GSH-dependent oxidoreductases, which catalyze the reduction of protein-glutathionyl-mixed disulfides and are considered to play an important role in the enzymatic regulation of redox-sensitive proteins. In this paper, we describe the identification and characterization of a new human homologue of the SH3BGR gene, named SH3BGRL3 (SH3 domain binding glutamic acid-rich protein like 3). SH3BGRL3 is widely expressed and codes for a highly conserved small protein, which shows a significant similarity to Glutaredoxin 1 (GRX1) of Escherichia coli and is predicted to belong to the Thioredoxin Superfamily. However, the SH3BGRL3 protein lacks both the conserved cysteine residues, which characterize the enzymatic active site of GRX. This structural feature raises the possibility that SH3BGRL3 could function as an endogenous modulator of GRX biological activity. EGFP-SH3BGRL3 fusion protein expressed in COS-7 cells localizes both to the nucleus and to the cytoplasm. The SH3BGRL3 gene was mapped to chromosome 1p34.3-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mazzocco
- Divisione di Neonatologia, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Mura delle Cappuccine 14, I-16128 Genoa, Italy
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42
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Damle RN, Fais F, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, Albesiano E, Wasil T, Batliwalla FM, Allen SL, Schulman P, Vinciguerra VP, Rai KR, Gregersen PK, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a proliferation of B cells at two distinct stages of differentiation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2001; 252:285-92. [PMID: 11125486 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-57284-5_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- CD5 Antigens/analysis
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Division
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- DNA Replication
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- NAD+ Nucleosidase/analysis
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Telomere/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Damle
- North Shore University Hospital-NYU School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA
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43
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Airoldi I, Guglielmino R, Ghiotto F, Corcione A, Facchetti P, Truini M, Pistoia V. Cytokine gene expression in neoplastic B cells from human mantle cell, follicular, and marginal zone lymphomas and in their postulated normal counterparts. Cancer Res 2001; 61:1285-90. [PMID: 11245421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines may promote tumor growth by paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. Little information is available because malignant cells differ from their normal counterparts for the cytokine repertoire they express. Here we have investigated by reverse transcription-PCR the expression of 22 cytokine genes in neoplastic B lymphocytes from six patients with mantle cell lymphoma, 10 with follicular lymphoma, and 5 with marginal zone lymphoma and in their normal counterparts, i.e., naive, germinal center, and memory B cells, purified from tonsils. The overall profiles of cytokine gene expression in neoplastic B cells and in the corresponding normal B-cell subsets were similar, but some "holes" in the repertoire of malignant versus normal B lymphocytes were detected. Different "hole" combinations were identified consistently in mantle cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and marginal zone lymphoma, thus representing molecular fingerprints of each individual lymphoma entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Airoldi
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Institut, Genova, Italy
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44
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Airoldi I, Saverino D, Favre A, Ghiotto F, Tacchetti C, Facchetti P, Piatti G, Li Pira G, Fenoglio D, Duse M, Ciccone E, Manca F, Plebani A, Grossi CE, Pistoia V. Cytokine gene expression and T-cell proliferative responses in lymph node mononuclear cells from children with early stage human immunodeficiency virus infection. Haematologica 2000; 85:1237-47. [PMID: 11114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The immunologic events taking place in secondary lymphoid tissue from children with early stage human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine gene expression and proliferative responses in lymph node (LN) biopsies from five children with early stage HIV infection, in the context of LN morphology and viral load. DESIGN AND METHODS The design of the study was approved by the local Ethical Committee. Cytokine gene expression was studied in LN biopsies and in paired peripheral blood (PB) samples from HIV-infected children by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. T-cell proliferation was assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Viral burden in germinal centers was assessed by video densitometric analysis following immunohistochemical staining for HIV p24. RESULTS Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA were not detected in any LN or PB sample from HIV-infected children. Interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA was found only in CD8+ cells. IL-12 p35, IL-10, transforming growth factor-(TGF)-beta1, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and IL-16 transcripts were detected in all samples. Proliferation of LN and PB mononuclear cells to polyclonal mitogens and soluble (recall and HIV-related) antigens was impaired as compared with the responses in a group of age-matched healthy controls. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Changes in cytokine gene expression and T-cell proliferative responses are already detectable in lymph nodes from HIV-infected children at an early stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Airoldi
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Institute, largo G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy.
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45
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Saverino D, Fabbi M, Ghiotto F, Merlo A, Bruno S, Zarcone D, Tenca C, Tiso M, Santoro G, Anastasi G, Cosman D, Grossi CE, Ciccone E. The CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 inhibitory receptor is expressed by all human T lymphocytes and down-regulates their functions. J Immunol 2000; 165:3742-55. [PMID: 11034379 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.7.3742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory molecule CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 has been detected previously on the surface of a small proportion of T lymphocytes. In this study, evidence is provided that, although only a fraction of CD3+ cells are stained by mAb specific for CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 on their surface, this inhibitory receptor is present in the cytoplasm of all T lymphocytes, and that it is detectable on the surface of all T cell clones by the M402 mAb. Biochemical analyses further demonstrate that CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 is present in all T clones analyzed, and that the protein is tyrosine-phosphorylated. Expression of mRNA coding for CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 has been assessed by RT-PCR. Notably, in the NKL cell line and in one T cell clone, amplification of the messenger required 30 cycles only, whereas, in other T cell clones, an amplification product was detected by increasing the number of cycles. CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 inhibits CD3/TCR-mediated activation in both CD4+ and CD8+ clones, and it down-regulates Ag recognition by CD8+ cells in a clonally distributed fashion. Addition of anti-ILT2 HP-F1 mAb in the cytolytic assay enhances target cell lysis mediated by Ag-specific CTL. This could be due to interference of the mAb with receptor/ligand interactions. In contrast, HP-F1 mAb cross-linking triggers inhibitory signals that reduce cytotoxicity. CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 also controls responses to recall Ags and, in low responders, its engagement sharply increases T cell proliferation. The inhibitory function of the molecule is also confirmed by its ability to reduce CD3/TCR-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/analysis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD
- CD3 Complex/physiology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Calcium Signaling/immunology
- Clone Cells/immunology
- Clone Cells/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/immunology
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/immunology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/immunology
- Interphase/immunology
- Intracellular Fluid/immunology
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saverino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Italy
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46
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Bruno S, Fabbi M, Tiso M, Santamaria B, Ghiotto F, Saverino D, Tenca C, Zarcone D, Ferrini S, Ciccone E, Grossi CE. Cell activation via CD44 occurs in advanced stages of squamous cell carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:893-900. [PMID: 10783309 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.5.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) derives from dysplastic or metaplastic stratified epithelia. The process of squamous cell carcinogenesis has been investigated for the potential role of the adhesion molecule CD44, whose standard form (CD44s) and isoforms generated by alternative splicing of variant exons are known to display altered expression during tumorigenesis in other systems. We have utilized an in vitro correlate of squamous cell carcinogenesis, in which progression stages from normal squamous epithelium to dysplastic lesions and to SCC are represented by primary cultures of normal keratinocytes, by human papilloma virus-immortalized keratinocytes (UP) and by HPVimmortalized/v-Ha-ras transfected tumorigenic keratinocytes (UPR). We investigated expression of CD44 and of variant isoforms, from mRNA to intracellular and surface protein levels, and found no relationship between expression of CD44 and stages of squamous cell carcinogenesis. However, when the function of CD44 was analyzed as Ca(2+) mobilization ability upon monoclonal antibody binding and crosslinking, signal transduction via CD44 was found only for the neoplastic stage (UPR cells). Ca(2+) mobilization was completely independent of density of surface CD44. We have performed similar analyses in an in vitro model of SCC in which four squamous tumor cell lines and UPR cells were sorted according to increasing resistance to external cytotoxic stimuli, i.e. starving conditions, treatment with the retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide and cytolytic activity of effector lymphokine-activated killer cells. No relationship between expression of CD44 and level of cell resistance against external cell death-inducing stimuli was found, while CD44-mediated Ca(2+) mobilization ability was restricted to the highly resistant tumor cell lines. Our results indicate that the role(s) of CD44 in squamous cell proliferative disorders can be evinced from the functional features of the molecule, rather than from its phenotypic repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bruno
- Section of Human Anatomy and Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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47
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Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F, Ghiotto F, Valetto A, Allen SL, Buchbinder A, Budman D, Dittmar K, Kolitz J, Lichtman SM, Schulman P, Vinciguerra VP, Rai KR, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. Ig V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1999; 94:1840-7. [PMID: 10477712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunophenotypic studies were performed on a cohort of randomly selected IgM(+) B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cases for which Ig V(H) and V(L) gene sequences were available. The cases were categorized based on V gene mutation status and CD38 expression and analyzed for treatment history and survival. The B-CLL cases could be divided into 2 groups. Those patients with unmutated V genes displayed higher percentages of CD38(+) B-CLL cells (>/=30%) than those with mutated V genes that had lower percentages of CD38(+) cells (<30%). Patients in both the unmutated and the >/=30% CD38(+) groups responded poorly to continuous multiregimen chemotherapy (including fludarabine) and had shorter survival. In contrast, the mutated and the <30% CD38(+) groups required minimal or no chemotherapy and had prolonged survival. These observations were true also for those patients who stratified to the Rai intermediate risk category. In the mutated and the <30% CD38(+) groups, males and females were virtually equally distributed, whereas in the unmutated and the >/=30% CD38(+) groups, a marked male predominance was found. Thus, Ig V gene mutation status and the percentages of CD38(+) B-CLL cells appear to be accurate predictors of clinical outcome in B-CLL patients. These parameters, especially CD38 expression that can be analyzed conveniently in most clinical laboratories, should be valuable adjuncts to the present staging systems for predicting the clinical course in individual B-CLL cases. Future evaluations of new therapeutic strategies and drugs should take into account the different natural histories of patients categorized in these manners.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD5 Antigens/genetics
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Male
- Mutation
- Prognosis
- Survival Analysis
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Damle
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
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48
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Fais F, Gaidano G, Capello D, Gloghini A, Ghiotto F, Roncella S, Carbone A, Chiorazzi N, Ferrarini M. Immunoglobulin V region gene use and structure suggest antigen selection in AIDS-related primary effusion lymphomas. Leukemia 1999; 13:1093-9. [PMID: 10400426 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a lymphoproliferation of B cells infected by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes-virus/human herpesvirus-8 and reflecting a late stage of B cell differentiation close to plasma cell. Apart from viral infection, the pathogenesis of PEL is currently unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of antigen stimulation and selection in the evolution of PEL. In order to assess the specific variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) genes used by PEL and to define the heavy and light chain isotypes expressed by these lymphomas, immunoglobulin (Ig) genes from seven AIDS-related PEL were sequenced (three cell lines and four primary samples). Most of the samples (five out of seven) used lambda light chain genes; the majority of these (n = 4) belonged to the V lambda 3 family. Two cases expressed mu chains, whereas gamma chains were found in two cases. In all cases, significant deviations from the presumed germline counterpart were found in both the expressed VH and VL genes. Statistical evidence for antigen selection was evident in four out of seven samples studied. Evidence for selection was more frequent in the light chain genes than in the heavy chain genes. Collectively, these data indicate that PEL originate from mature, antigen-experienced B cells and bear implications for the pathogenesis and histogenesis of this lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fais
- Servizio di Immunologia Clinica, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca del Cancro, Genova, Italy
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49
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Fais F, Ghiotto F, Hashimoto S, Sellars B, Valetto A, Allen SL, Schulman P, Vinciguerra VP, Rai K, Rassenti LZ, Kipps TJ, Dighiero G, Schroeder HW, Ferrarini M, Chiorazzi N. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells express restricted sets of mutated and unmutated antigen receptors. J Clin Invest 1998; 102:1515-25. [PMID: 9788964 PMCID: PMC509001 DOI: 10.1172/jci3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 657] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the stage(s) of differentiation reached by B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells and to gain insight into the potential role of antigenic stimulation in the development and diversification of these cells, we analyzed the rearranged VH genes expressed by 83 B-CLL cells (64 IgM+ and 19 non-IgM+). Our results confirm and extend the observations of a bias in the use of certain VH, D, and JH genes among B-CLL cells. In addition, they indicate that the VH genes of approximately 50% of the IgM+ B-CLL cells and approximately 75% of the non-IgM+ B-CLL cells can exhibit somatic mutations. The presence of mutation varies according to the VH family expressed by the B-CLL cell (VH3 expressers displaying more mutation than VH1 and VH4 expressers). In addition, the extent of mutation can be sizeable with approximately 32% of the IgM+ cases and approximately 68% of the non-IgM+ cases differing by > 5% from the most similar germline gene. Approximately 20% of the mutated VH genes display replacement mutations in a pattern consistent with antigen selection. However, CDR3 characteristics (D and JH gene use and association and HCDR3 length, composition, and charge) suggest that selection for distinct B cell receptors (BCR) occurs in many more B-CLL cells. Based on these data, we suggest three prototypic BCR, representing the VH genes most frequently encountered in our study. These data suggest that many B-CLL cells have been previously stimulated, placing them in the "experienced" or "memory" CD5(+) B cell subset.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Binding Sites/genetics
- CD5 Antigens
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Reading Frames
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fais
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA
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50
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Plebani A, Stringa M, Prigione I, Facchetti P, Ghiotto F, Airoldi I, Giacchino R, Cristina E, Porta F, Grossi CE, Pistoia V, Priglione I. Engrafted maternal T cells in human severe combined immunodeficiency: evidence for a TH2 phenotype and a potential role of apoptosis on the restriction of T-cell receptor variable beta repertoire. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 101:131-4. [PMID: 9449515 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Plebani
- Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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