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Wai T. Is mitochondrial morphology important for cellular physiology? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00123-1. [PMID: 38866638 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles the network morphology of which in cells is shaped by opposing events of fusion and fission executed by dynamin-like GTPases. Mutations in these genes can perturb the form and functions of mitochondria in cell and animal models of mitochondrial diseases. An expanding array of chemical, mechanical, and genetic stressors can converge on mitochondrial-shaping proteins and disrupt mitochondrial morphology. In recent years, studies aimed at disentangling the multiple roles of mitochondrial-shaping proteins beyond fission or fusion have provided insights into the homeostatic relevance of mitochondrial morphology. Here, I review the pleiotropy of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins with the aim of understanding whether mitochondrial morphology is important for cell and tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Wai
- Institut Pasteur, Mitochondrial Biology, CNRS UMR 3691, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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2
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile cycles: Emerging utility from apparent futility. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1184-1203. [PMID: 38565147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state was presumed to be a biological aberration and thus deemed an energy-wasting "futile" cycle. However, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that biological utilities emerge from futile cycles. A few established functions of futile cycles are to control metabolic sensitivity, modulate energy homeostasis, and drive adaptive thermogenesis. Yet, the physiological regulation, implication, and pathological relevance of most futile cycles remain poorly studied. In this review, we highlight the abundance and versatility of futile cycles and propose a classification scheme. We further discuss the energetic implications of various futile cycles and their impact on basal metabolic rate, their bona fide and tentative pathophysiological implications, and putative drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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3
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Kulsange SE, Sharma M, Sonawane B, Jaiswal MR, Kulkarni MJ, Santhakumari B. SWATH-MS reveals that bisphenol A and its analogs regulate pathways leading to disruption in insulin signaling and fatty acid metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114667. [PMID: 38653447 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The FDA prohibited the use of BPA-based polycarbonate resins in infant formula packaging; thus, its analogs, viz. Bisphenol S (BPS) and Bisphenol F (BPF) were considered alternatives in epoxy resins, plastics, and food cans. As these analogs might evoke a similar response, we investigated the role of Bisphenols (BPA, BPF, and BPS), on insulin signaling in CHO-HIRc-myc-GLUT4eGFP cells at environmentally relevant concentrations of 2 nM and 200 nM. Insulin signaling demonstrated that Bisphenols reduced phosphorylation of IR and AKT2, GLUT4 translocation, and glucose uptake. This was accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, SWATH-MS-based proteomics of 3T3-L1 cells demonstrated that Bisphenol-treated cells regulate proteins in insulin resistance, adipogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism pathways differently. All three Bisphenols induced differentially expressed proteins enriched similar pathways, although their abundance differed for each Bisphenol. This might be due to their varying toxicity level, structural differences, and estrogen-mimetic activity. This study has important implications in addressing health concerns related to EDCs. Given that the analogs of BPA are considered alternatives to BPA, the findings of this study suggest they are equally potent in altering fatty acid metabolism and inducing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabda E Kulsange
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Babasaheb Sonawane
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Meera R Jaiswal
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mahesh J Kulkarni
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - B Santhakumari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Centre for Material Characterization, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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4
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Rae CD, Baur JA, Borges K, Dienel G, Díaz-García CM, Douglass SR, Drew K, Duarte JMN, Duran J, Kann O, Kristian T, Lee-Liu D, Lindquist BE, McNay EC, Robinson MB, Rothman DL, Rowlands BD, Ryan TA, Scafidi J, Scafidi S, Shuttleworth CW, Swanson RA, Uruk G, Vardjan N, Zorec R, McKenna MC. Brain energy metabolism: A roadmap for future research. J Neurochem 2024; 168:910-954. [PMID: 38183680 PMCID: PMC11102343 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Although we have learned much about how the brain fuels its functions over the last decades, there remains much still to discover in an organ that is so complex. This article lays out major gaps in our knowledge of interrelationships between brain metabolism and brain function, including biochemical, cellular, and subcellular aspects of functional metabolism and its imaging in adult brain, as well as during development, aging, and disease. The focus is on unknowns in metabolism of major brain substrates and associated transporters, the roles of insulin and of lipid droplets, the emerging role of metabolism in microglia, mysteries about the major brain cofactor and signaling molecule NAD+, as well as unsolved problems underlying brain metabolism in pathologies such as traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and metabolic downregulation during hibernation. It describes our current level of understanding of these facets of brain energy metabolism as well as a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D. Rae
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052 & Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Dienel
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carlos Manlio Díaz-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Kelly Drew
- Center for Transformative Research in Metabolism, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
| | - João M. N. Duarte
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jordi Duran
- Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Kann
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, D-69120; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tibor Kristian
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma, and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dasfne Lee-Liu
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Britta E. Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ewan C. McNay
- Behavioral Neuroscience, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Michael B. Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and System Pharmacology & Translational Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center and Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin D. Rowlands
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy A. Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Scafidi
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Scafidi
- Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. William Shuttleworth
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine Albuquerque, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Raymond A. Swanson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gökhan Uruk
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mary C. McKenna
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Han G, Su Y, Mao Q, Han Z, Sun J. Identification and functional characterization of annexin A2 in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109492. [PMID: 38467321 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Annexin A2 (AnxA2), belonging to the annexin family, plays a crucial role in immune responses. In this study, the cDNA of the AnxA2 gene was identified in half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. The transcript of AnxA2 gene in C. semilaevis (CsAnxA2) showed broad tissue distribution, with the highest expression level observed in the gut. CsAnxA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in the intestine, spleen, and kidney tissues following exposure to Shewanella algae. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that CsAnxA2 was predominantly expressed in epithelial cells and significantly elevated after S. algae challenge. Subcellular localization showed that CsAnxA2 was primarily localized in the cytoplasmic compartment. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1β) exhibited significant upregulation after CsAnxA2 was overexpressed in vivo. One hundred and fifty-eight CsAnxA2-interacting proteins were captured in the intestinal tissue, showing the top two normalized abundance observed for actin beta (ACTB) and protein S100-A10 (p11). Fifty-four high abundance CsAnxA2-interacting proteins (HIPs) were primary enriched in ten pathways, with the top three significantly enriched pathways being Salmonella infection, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. These results provide valuable information for further investigation into the functional mechanism of AnxA2 in C. semilaevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Yufeng Su
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Qing Mao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Zhuoran Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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6
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile lipid cycling: from biochemistry to physiology. Nat Metab 2024; 6:808-824. [PMID: 38459186 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the healthy state, the fat stored in our body isn't just inert. Rather, it is dynamically mobilized to maintain an adequate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in our bloodstream. Our body tends to produce excess FAs to ensure that the FA availability is not limiting. The surplus FAs are actively re-esterified into glycerides, initiating a cycle of breakdown and resynthesis of glycerides. This cycle consumes energy without generating a new product and is commonly referred to as the 'futile lipid cycle' or the glyceride/FA cycle. Contrary to the notion that it's a wasteful process, it turns out this cycle is crucial for systemic metabolic homeostasis. It acts as a control point in intra-adipocyte and inter-organ cross-talk, a metabolic rheostat, an energy sensor and a lipid diversifying mechanism. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic regulation and physiological implications of the glyceride/FA cycle and its mechanistic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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7
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Wang W, Ma C, Zhang Q, Jiang Y. TMT-labeled quantitative malonylome analysis on the longissimus dorsi muscle of Laiwu pigs reveals the role of ACOT7 in fat deposition. J Proteomics 2024; 298:105129. [PMID: 38395145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The Laiwu pig is an indigenous fatty pig breed distributed in North China, characterized by an extremely high level of intramuscular fat (IMF) content (9% ∼ 12%), but the regulatory mechanism underlying intramuscular fat deposition in skeletal muscle is still unknown. In this study, the TMT-labeled quantitative malonylome of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Laiwu pigs at the fastest IMF deposition stage (240 d vs 120 d) was compared to analyze the molecular mechanism of IMF variation in pigs. In Laiwu pigs aged 240 days/120 days, we identified 291 malonylated lysine sites across 188 proteins in the longissimus dorsi muscle. Among these, 38 sites across 31 proteins exhibited differential malonylation. Annotation analysis and enrichment analysis were performed for differentially malonylated proteins (DMPs). These DMPs were mainly clustered into 12 GO functional categories accounting for 5 biological processes, 4 cellular components and 3 molecular functions, and 2 signaling pathways by KEGG enrichment analysis. The function of differentially malonylated protein ACOT7 in the process of fat deposition was further investigated during the differentiation of 3 T3-L1 cells. The results showed that the protein level of ACOT7 in 3 T3-L1 cells decreased but the malonylated level of ACOT7 increased significantly. The malonyl-CoA that is synthesized by ACSF3 affected the malonylation level of ACOT7 in 3 T3-L1 cells. SIGNIFICANCE: The intramuscular fat (IMF) content, by affecting sensory quality traits of meat, such as tenderness, flavor and juiciness, plays an important role in meat quality. Using TMT-based quantitative malonylated proteome analysis, we identified malonylated proteins in LD muscle samples in two stages (120 d and 240 d) of development and further identified differentially malonylated proteins, such as SLC25A4, ANXA5, TPM3 and ACOT7, that are associated with intramuscular fat deposition and fat metabolism in pigs. These differentially malonylated proteins could serve as candidates for elucidating the molecular mechanism of IMF deposition in pigs. In addition, we found that the malonyl-CoA in 3 T3-L1 cells is mainly synthesized by ACSF3, affecting the malonylated level of ACOT7. The study provides some data concerning the role of protein malonylation in regulating the variation in porcine IMF content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Cai Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Yunliang Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, PR China.
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Harvey TN, Gillard GB, Røsæg LL, Grammes F, Monsen Ø, Vik JO, Hvidsten TR, Sandve SR. The genome regulatory landscape of Atlantic salmon liver through smoltification. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302388. [PMID: 38648207 PMCID: PMC11034671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The anadromous Atlantic salmon undergo a preparatory physiological transformation before seawater entry, referred to as smoltification. Key molecular developmental processes involved in this life stage transition, such as remodeling of gill functions, are known to be synchronized and modulated by environmental cues like photoperiod. However, little is known about the photoperiod influence and genome regulatory processes driving other canonical aspects of smoltification such as the large-scale changes in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis in the developing smolt liver. Here we generate transcriptome, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility data from salmon livers across smoltification under different photoperiod regimes. We find a systematic reduction of expression levels of genes with a metabolic function, such as lipid metabolism, and increased expression of energy related genes such as oxidative phosphorylation, during smolt development in freshwater. However, in contrast to similar studies of the gill, smolt liver gene expression prior to seawater transfer was not impacted by photoperiodic history. Integrated analyses of gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and transcription factor (TF) binding signatures highlight chromatin remodeling and TF dynamics underlying smolt gene regulatory changes. Differential peak accessibility patterns largely matched differential gene expression patterns during smoltification and we infer that ZNF682, KLFs, and NFY TFs are important in driving a liver metabolic shift from synthesis to break down of organic compounds in freshwater. Overall, chromatin accessibility and TFBS occupancy were highly correlated to changes in gene expression. On the other hand, we identified numerous differential methylation patterns across the genome, but associated genes were not functionally enriched or correlated to observed gene expression changes across smolt development. Taken together, this work highlights the relative importance of chromatin remodeling during smoltification and demonstrates that metabolic remodeling occurs as a preadaptation to life at sea that is not to a large extent driven by photoperiod history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. Harvey
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gareth B. Gillard
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Line L. Røsæg
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Øystein Monsen
- Michael Sars Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Olav Vik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Torgeir R. Hvidsten
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Simen R. Sandve
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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9
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Ma S, Shi S, Xu B, Liu M, Xie L, Su Y, Li J, Liang Q, Ye S, Wang Y. Host serine protease ACOT2 assists DENV proliferation by hydrolyzing viral polyproteins. mSystems 2024; 9:e0097323. [PMID: 38112462 PMCID: PMC10804956 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00973-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). The replication of DENV relies on the processing of its genome-encoded polyprotein by both viral protease NS3 (NS3pro) and host proteases. However, the impact of host proteases on DENV proliferation is not well understood. In this study, we utilized fluorophosphonate-based probes (FPs) to investigate the up-regulation of host serine proteases during DENV infection in detail. Among the identified proteases, acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 (ACOT2), an enzyme that hydrolyzes acyl-CoA molecules to generate fatty acids and free CoA, exhibited cleavage activity against DENV polypeptide substrates. Enzymatic assays and virological experiments confirmed that ACOT2 contributes to DENV propagation during the replication stage by cleaving the viral polyprotein. Docking models provided insights into the binding pocket of viral polypeptides and the catalytic mechanism of ACOT2. Notably, this study is the first to demonstrate that ACOT2 functions as a serine protease to hydrolyze protein substrates. These findings offer novel insights into DENV infection, host response, as well as the potential development of innovative antiviral strategies.IMPORTANCEDENV, one of the major pathogens of Dengue fever, remains a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. How DENV efficiently hijacks the host and accesses its life cycle with delicate interaction remains to be elucidated. Here, we deconvoluted that the host protease ACOT2 assists the DENV replication and characterized the ACOT2 as a serine protease involved in the hydrolysis of the DENV polypeptide substrate. Our results not only further the understanding of the DENV life cycle but also provide a possibility for the usage of activity-based proteomics to reveal host-virus interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Shi
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Binghong Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Xie
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Su
- Center of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinqin Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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10
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Harders EP, Agustin M, Paitz RT. Avian extraembryonic membranes respond to yolk corticosterone early in development. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060131. [PMID: 38156650 PMCID: PMC10836647 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
During times of maternal stress, developing embryos can be exposed to elevated levels of glucocorticoids, which can affect development and permanently alter offspring phenotype. In placental species, the placenta mediates fetal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids via metabolism, yet the placenta itself responds to glucocorticoids to regulate offspring growth and development. In oviparous species, maternal glucocorticoids can be deposited into the egg yolk and are metabolized early in development. This metabolism is mediated by the extraembryonic membranes, but it is unknown if the extraembryonic membranes also respond to maternal glucocorticoids in a way comparable to the placenta. In this study, we quantified the expression of acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 (Acot13) as an initial marker of the membrane's response to corticosterone in chicken (Gallus gallus) eggs. Acot13 regulates fatty acid processing in the embryo, to potentially regulate resource availability during development. We addressed the following questions using Acot13 expression: 1) Do the extraembryonic membranes respond to yolk corticosterone early in development? 2) Is the response to corticosterone dependent on the dose of corticosterone? 3) What is the duration of the response to corticosterone? 4) Does a metabolite of corticosterone (5β-corticosterone) elicit the same response as corticosterone? We found that corticosterone significantly induces the expression of Acot13 on day four of development and that expression of Acot13 increases with the dose of corticosterone. Further, we found expression of Acot13 is significantly elevated by corticosterone on days four and six of development compared to oil treated eggs, but not on days eight and ten. Although this response is transient, it occurs during a critical period of development and could initiate a cascade of events that ultimately alter offspring phenotype. Finally, we found that 5β-corticosterone does not increase the expression of Acot13, indicating that metabolism inactivates corticosterone. Ultimately, this study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying how maternally deposited glucocorticoids can affect embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Harders
- Illinois State University, School of Biological Sciences, Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Mitch Agustin
- Illinois State University, School of Biological Sciences, Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Ryan T. Paitz
- Illinois State University, School of Biological Sciences, Campus Box 4120, Normal, IL 61790, USA
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11
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Wang Z, Su C, Zhang Y, Shangguan S, Wang R, Su J. Key enzymes involved in the utilization of fatty acids by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1294182. [PMID: 38274755 PMCID: PMC10808364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1294182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a eukaryotic organism with a clear genetic background and mature gene operating system; in addition, it exhibits environmental tolerance. Therefore, S. cerevisiae is one of the most commonly used organisms for the synthesis of biological chemicals. The investigation of fatty acid catabolism in S. cerevisiae is crucial for the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids and their derivatives, with β-oxidation being the predominant pathway responsible for fatty acid metabolism in this organism, occurring primarily within peroxisomes. The latest research has revealed distinct variations in β-oxidation among different fatty acids, primarily attributed to substrate preferences and disparities in the metabolic regulation of key enzymes involved in the S. cerevisiae fatty acid metabolic pathway. The synthesis of lipids, on the other hand, represents another crucial metabolic pathway for fatty acids. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the key factors influencing the efficiency of fatty acid utilization, encompassing β-oxidation and lipid synthesis pathways. Additionally, we discuss various approaches for modifying β-oxidation to enhance the synthesis of fatty acids and their derivatives in S. cerevisiae, aiming to offer theoretical support and serve as a valuable reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunli Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yisang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sifan Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Shandong Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
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Lu X, Chen W, Tian G, Ge F. THEM6 is a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer and is associated with immune infiltration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21974. [PMID: 38081884 PMCID: PMC10713618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize the implications of lipid metabolism-related gene thioesterase superfamily member 6 (THEM6) in breast cancer. Several databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized for our meticulous bioinformatics analysis. We further performed qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and IHC assays to validate the expression of THEM6 in various breast cancer cells and tissues. In addition, we have carried out relevant functional experiments to explore the regulatory role of THEM6 in vitro. Lipid metabolism-related genes are independent factors for overall survival. According to several databases, THEM6 was significantly more expressed in cancerous tissues of breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) compared to its paracancerous tissues. Furthermore, THEM6 overexpression was correlated with poorer overall survival of BRCA patients, serving as a separate prognostic factor for BRCA. Biological functional analyses revealed that THEM6 was associated with tumor progression and pathogenesis. Finally, we discovered that in BRCA, THEM6 expression was linked to multiple immune cell types. qRT-PCR and Western blotting experiments demonstrated a general upregulation of THEM6 expression in breast carcinoma cells. IHC showed that THEM6 was expressed in both breast cancer tissues and para-cancer tissues, but its expression level was significantly higher in carcinoma tissues. In vitro studies indicated that THEM6 increased proliferation, invasion, and inhibited apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells, while also affecting the cell cycle and promoting cancer progression. Furthermore, THEM6 may influence macrophage recruitment and polarization in the tumor microenvironment by regulating CCL2 secretion, which in turn affects macrophage recruitment in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings indicate that the overexpression of THEM6, which is linked to the development of breast cancer, is a predictor of a poor prognosis and has an impact on the degree of immune cell infiltration. Therefore, THEM6 has the potential to be a valuable target for BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China
- Kunming Medical University, No. 1 School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming, 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Gengzhou Tian
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650223, China.
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13
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Krumm CS, Landzberg RS, Ramos-Espiritu L, Adura C, Liu X, Acuna M, Xie Y, Xu X, Tillman MC, Li Y, Glickman JF, Ortlund EA, Ginn JD, Cohen DE. High-throughput screening identifies small molecule inhibitors of thioesterase superfamily member 1: Implications for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101832. [PMID: 38403978 PMCID: PMC10663673 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1) is a long chain acyl-CoA thioesterase comprising two N-terminal HotDog fold enzymatic domains linked to a C-terminal lipid-sensing steroidogenic acute regulatory transfer-related (START) domain, which allosterically modulates enzymatic activity. Them1 is highly expressed in thermogenic adipose tissue, where it functions to suppress energy expenditure by limiting rates of fatty acid oxidation, and is induced markedly in liver in response to high fat feeding, where it suppresses fatty acid oxidation and promotes glucose production. Them1-/- mice are protected against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggesting Them1 as a therapeutic target. METHODS A high-throughput small molecule screen was performed to identify promising inhibitors targeting the fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase activity of purified recombinant Them1.Counter screening was used to determine specificity for Them1 relative to other acyl-CoA thioesterase isoforms. Inhibitor binding and enzyme inhibition were quantified by biophysical and biochemical approaches, respectively. Following structure-based optimization, lead compounds were tested in cell culture. RESULTS Two lead allosteric inhibitors were identified that selectively inhibited Them1 by binding the START domain. In mouse brown adipocytes, these inhibitors promoted fatty acid oxidation, as evidenced by increased oxygen consumption rates. In mouse hepatocytes, they promoted fatty acid oxidation, but also reduced glucose production. CONCLUSION Them1 inhibitors could prove attractive for the pharmacologic management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Krumm
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sanders Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Renée S Landzberg
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Carolina Adura
- Fisher Drug Discovery Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mariana Acuna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xu Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Tillman
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yingxia Li
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Fraser Glickman
- Fisher Drug Discovery Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Ginn
- Sanders Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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14
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Wang J, Wen Y, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Lin F, Ouyang C, Wang H, Yao L, Ma H, Zhuo Y, Huang H, Shi X, Feng L, Lin D, Jiang B, Li Q. Hepatic conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetate plays crucial roles in energy stress. eLife 2023; 12:RP87419. [PMID: 37902629 PMCID: PMC10615369 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that acetate is increased under energy stress conditions such as those that occur in diabetes mellitus and prolonged starvation. However, how and where acetate is produced and the nature of its biological significance are largely unknown. We observed overproduction of acetate to concentrations comparable to those of ketone bodies in patients and mice with diabetes or starvation. Mechanistically, ACOT12 and ACOT8 are dramatically upregulated in the liver to convert free fatty acid-derived acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA. This conversion not only provides a large amount of acetate, which preferentially fuels the brain rather than muscle, but also recycles CoA, which is required for sustained fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. We suggest that acetate is an emerging novel 'ketone body' that may be used as a parameter to evaluate the progression of energy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaxin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Furong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lizheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huanhuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiulin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liubin Feng
- High-Field NMR Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Heden TD, Franklin MP, Dailey C, Mashek MT, Chen C, Mashek DG. ACOT1 deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced fat mass gain by increasing energy expenditure. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e160987. [PMID: 37561578 PMCID: PMC10561717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of long-chain acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and CoA and is typically upregulated in obesity. Whether targeting ACOT1 in the setting of high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity would be metabolically beneficial is not known. Here we report that male and female ACOT1KO mice are partially protected from HFD-induced obesity, an effect associated with increased energy expenditure without alterations in physical activity or food intake. In males, ACOT1 deficiency increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) protein abundance while reducing 4-hydroxynonenal, a marker of oxidative stress, in white adipose tissue and liver of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, concurrent knockdown (KD) of UCP2 with ACOT1 in hepatocytes prevented increases in oxygen consumption observed with ACOT1 KD during high lipid loading, suggesting that UCP2-induced uncoupling may increase energy expenditure to attenuate weight gain. Together, these data indicate that targeting ACOT1 may be effective for obesity prevention during caloric excess by increasing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Heden
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Christina Dailey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Mara T. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Douglas G. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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16
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Zhang WD, Hu DM, Shi ZE, Wang QX, Zhang MY, Liu JY, Ji XL, Qu YQ. STARD12/14 are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma associated with epigenetic regulation, immune infiltration and ferroptosis. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1427-1447. [PMID: 37790851 PMCID: PMC10542189 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.84566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic reprogramming plays an important role in tumor progression and antitumor immunity. START domain-containing proteins (STARDs) are responsible for lipid metabolism. However, the underlying functions of STARDs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have not been clarified yet. Methods: Oncomine, UALCAN, TCGA and CPTAC were used to explore the expression landscape and clinicopathological characteristics of STARDs in LUAD. Diagnostic and prognostic values were assessed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Cox regression analysis, and ROC curve. GeneMANIA, GO, KEGG and GSEA were applied for exploring the potential biological functions. Epigenetic process, including mutation and m6A modification were analyzed by cBioPortal and TCGA. TIMER, TISIDB and TCGA cohort provided an immune signature. The correlation between STARDs expression and ferroptosis was analyzed by TCGA. Finally, the STARDs expression were confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot. Results: STARD5/10/14 were overexpressed in LUAD compared with normal, while STARD4/7/8/11/12/13 were relatively low. STARD5/12/14 levels were positively related to clinical and lymph node stage. Survival analysis showed high STARD12 expression was associated with favorable overall survival, disease special survival as well as disease free survival, while STARD14 showed the opposite. GSEA analysis found STARD12 and STARD14 were associated with glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and tumor related signaling pathways. STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. Both STARD12 and STARD14 were corelated with epigenetic regulation, especially TP53 mutation and m6A modification. STARD12 expression was positively correlated with TMB level. The level of STARD12 was significantly associated with the abundance of infiltrating immune cells, including B cells, CD8+T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and chemokine, receptor, MHC, immunostimulatory related genes. STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. In addition, STARD12/14 could regulate the ferroptosis related genes. Conclusion: STARD12 and STARD14 were expected to be potential biomarkers for LUAD, which were associated with epigenetic regulation, immune infiltration and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Di Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of infectious respiratory diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Dong-Mei Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of infectious respiratory diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Zhuang-E Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of infectious respiratory diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of infectious respiratory diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of infectious respiratory diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Yu Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of infectious respiratory diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Ji
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Jinan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yi-Qing Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong Key Laboratory of infectious respiratory diseases, Jinan, China
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17
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Zhong D, Cai J, Hu C, Chen J, Zhang R, Fan C, Li S, Zhang H, Xu Z, Jia Z, Guo D, Sun Y. Inhibition of mPGES-2 ameliorates NASH by activating NR1D1 via heme. Hepatology 2023; 78:547-561. [PMID: 35839302 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a complex metabolic syndrome, has limited therapeutic options. Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2) was originally discovered as a prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) synthase; however, it does not produce PGE 2 in the liver. Moreover, the role of mPGES-2 in NAFLD remains undefined. Herein, we aimed to determine the function and mechanism of mPGES-2 in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis. APPROACH AND RESULTS To evaluate the role of mPGES-2 in NAFLD, whole-body or hepatocyte-specific mPGES-2-deficient mice fed a high-fat or methionine-choline-deficient diet were used. Compared with control mice, mPGES-2-deficient mice showed reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, along with ameliorated liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, the protective effect of mPGES-2 deficiency against NAFLD was dependent on decreased cytochrome P450 4A14 and increased acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 levels regulated by the heme receptor nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1), but not PGE 2 . Heme regulated the increased NR1D1 activity mediated by mPGES-2 deficiency. Further, we confirmed the protective role of the mPGES-2 inhibitor SZ0232 in NAFLD therapy. CONCLUSION Our study indicates the pathogenic role of mPGES-2 and outlines the mechanism in mediating NAFLD, thereby highlighting the therapeutic potential of mPGES-2 inhibition in liver steatosis and steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Jie Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics , Nanjing Children's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Jingshuo Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Rumeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology , Xuzhou Central Hospital , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Chenyu Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Jiangsu Medical Engineering Research Center of Gene Detection , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Public Experimental Research Center of Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics , Nanjing Children's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Dong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou , Jiangsu , P. R. China
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18
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Vázquez-Borrego MC, Del Río-Moreno M, Pyatkov M, Sarmento-Cabral A, Mahmood M, Pelke N, Wnek M, Cordoba-Chacon J, Waxman DJ, Puchowicz MA, McGuinness OP, Kineman RD. Direct and systemic actions of growth hormone receptor (GHR)-signaling on hepatic glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity, associated with steatosis. Metabolism 2023; 144:155589. [PMID: 37182789 PMCID: PMC10843389 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that growth hormone (GH) protects against the development of steatosis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). GH may control steatosis indirectly by altering systemic insulin sensitivity and substrate delivery to the liver and/or by the direct actions of GH on hepatocyte function. APPROACH To better define the hepatocyte-specific role of GH receptor (GHR) signaling on regulating steatosis, we used a mouse model with adult-onset, hepatocyte-specific GHR knockdown (aHepGHRkd). To prevent the reduction in circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and the subsequent increase in GH observed after aHepGHRkd, subsets of aHepGHRkd mice were treated with adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) driving hepatocyte-specific expression of IGF1 or a constitutively active form of STAT5b (STAT5bCA). The impact of hepatocyte-specific modulation of GHR, IGF1 and STAT5b on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was studied across multiple nutritional states and in the context of hyperinsulinemic:euglycemic clamps. RESULTS Chow-fed male aHepGHRkd mice developed steatosis associated with an increase in hepatic glucokinase (GCK) and ketohexokinase (KHK) expression and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) rate, in the post-absorptive state and in response to refeeding after an overnight fast. The aHepGHRkd-associated increase in hepatic KHK, but not GCK and steatosis, was dependent on hepatocyte expression of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), in re-fed mice. Interestingly, under clamp conditions, aHepGHRkd also increased the rate of DNL and expression of GCK and KHK, but impaired insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production, without altering plasma NEFA levels. These effects were normalized with AAV-mediated hepatocyte expression of IGF1 or STAT5bCA. Comparison of the impact of AAV-mediated hepatocyte IGF1 versus STAT5bCA in aHepGHRkd mice across multiple nutritional states, indicated the restorative actions of IGF1 are indirect, by improving systemic insulin sensitivity, independent of changes in the liver transcriptome. In contrast, the actions of STAT5b are due to the combined effects of raising IGF1 and direct alterations in the hepatocyte gene program that may involve suppression of BCL6 and FOXO1 activity. However, the direct and IGF1-dependent actions of STAT5b cannot fully account for enhanced GCK activity and lipogenic gene expression observed after aHepGHRkd, suggesting other GHR-mediated signals are involved. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate hepatocyte GHR-signaling controls hepatic glycolysis, DNL, steatosis and hepatic insulin sensitivity indirectly (via IGF1) and directly (via STAT5b). The relative contribution of these indirect and direct actions of GH on hepatocytes is modified by insulin and nutrient availability. These results improve our understanding of the physiologic actions of GH on regulating adult metabolism to protect against NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C Vázquez-Borrego
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Del Río-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maxim Pyatkov
- Department of Biology & Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - André Sarmento-Cabral
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mariyah Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Natalie Pelke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Magdalena Wnek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology & Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michelle A Puchowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Rhonda D Kineman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Research and Development Division, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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19
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Bekeova C, Han JI, Xu H, Kerr E, Blackburne B, Lynch SC, Mesaros C, Murgia M, Vadigepalli R, Beld J, Leonardi R, Snyder NW, Seifert EL. Acyl-CoA thioesterase-2 facilitates β-oxidation in glycolytic skeletal muscle in a lipid supply dependent manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546724. [PMID: 37425757 PMCID: PMC10327053 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-Coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) thioesters are compartmentalized intermediates that participate in in multiple metabolic reactions within the mitochondrial matrix. The limited availability of free CoA (CoASH) in the matrix raises the question of how the local acyl-CoA concentration is regulated to prevent trapping of CoASH from overload of any specific substrate. Acyl-CoA thioesterase-2 (ACOT2) hydrolyzes long-chain acyl-CoAs to their constituent fatty acids and CoASH, and is the only mitochondrial matrix ACOT refractory to inhibition by CoASH. Thus, we reasoned that ACOT2 may constitutively regulate matrix acyl-CoA levels. Acot2 deletion in murine skeletal muscle (SM) resulted in acyl-CoA build-up when lipid supply and energy demands were modest. When energy demand and pyruvate availability were elevated, lack of ACOT2 activity promoted glucose oxidation. This preference for glucose over fatty acid oxidation was recapitulated in C2C12 myotubes with acute depletion of Acot2 , and overt inhibition of β-oxidation was demonstrated in isolated mitochondria from Acot2 -depleted glycolytic SM. In mice fed a high fat diet, ACOT2 enabled the accretion of acyl-CoAs and ceramide derivatives in glycolytic SM, and this was associated with worse glucose homeostasis compared to when ACOT2 was absent. These observations suggest that ACOT2 supports CoASH availability to facilitate β-oxidation in glycolytic SM when lipid supply is modest. However, when lipid supply is high, ACOT2 enables acyl-CoA and lipid accumulation, CoASH sequestration, and poor glucose homeostasis. Thus, ACOT2 regulates matrix acyl-CoA concentration in glycolytic muscle, and its impact depends on lipid supply.
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20
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Lv X, Wang W, Liu X, Liu Y, Guo L, Wang C. Low expression of acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1213022. [PMID: 37424730 PMCID: PMC10323136 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1213022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 (ACOT13) encodes a member of the thioesterase superfamily. It has not been reported in ovarian cancer. This research aimed at evaluating the expression and prognostic value of ACOT13 in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSC). Methods: We extracted and analyzed TCGA, GEPIA, THPA, GTEx, miRWalk, and GDSC databases to investigate the potential carcinogenic mechanism of ACOT13 in OSC, including the correlation of ACOT13 with prognosis, immune checkpoint, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) score. The incidence of endpoint events was compared with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Independent prognostic factors for OSC were evaluated with univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, and a nomogram was established. Results: The expression of ACOT13 was increased in OSC and correlated with tumor stage, with higher expression in stages I and II than in stages III and IV. Besides, it was observed that low expression of ACOT13 is correlated with poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with OSC. There was a positive correlation between ACOT13 expression and immune checkpoint sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (SIGLEC) 15 and TMB. Patients with low ACOT13 expression had higher cisplatin IC50 scores. Conclusion: ACOT13 is an independent prognostic factor and a promising clinical target for OSC. In the future, the carcinogenic mechanism and clinical application value of ACOT13 in ovarian cancer need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijiao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Kim D, Kim SW, Charchoghlyan H, Jeong H, Han GD. Combinatorial Herbal Extracts Alleviate Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Disorders. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:432-438. [PMID: 37326941 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived compounds can be useful for the management of liver disease. Traditionally, hepatic disorders have been treated with herbal extracts. Although many herbal extracts in Eastern medicine have been shown to possess hepatoprotective activities, single-origin herbal extracts primarily demonstrate either antioxidant or anti-inflammatory activities. The current study investigated the effects of combinatorial herbal extracts on alcohol-induced hepatic disorders in an ethanol-fed mouse model. Sixteen herbal combinations were evaluated as hepatoprotective formulations; the active constituents in these herbal extracts were daidzin, peonidin-3-glucoside, hesperidin, glycyrrhizin, and phosphatidylcholine. RNA sequencing analysis showed that exposure to ethanol altered hepatic gene expression profiles (compared to those of the non-alcohol-fed group), resulting in 79 differentially expressed genes. A majority of the differentially expressed genes in alcohol-induced hepatic disorders were associated with dysfunction of the normal cellular homeostasis in the liver; however, these genes were repressed by treatment with herbal extracts. Moreover, following treatment with herbal extracts, there were neither acute inflammatory responses in the liver tissue nor abnormalities in the cholesterol profile. These results suggest that combinatorial herbal extracts may alleviate alcohol-induced hepatic disorders by modulating the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Kim
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Institute of Medical Information Convergence Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 58541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Haykuhi Charchoghlyan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 58541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojeong Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 58541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Dong Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 58541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Haczeyni F, Steensels S, Stein BD, Jordan JM, Li L, Dartigue V, Sarklioglu SS, Qiao J, Zhou XK, Dannenberg AJ, Iyengar NM, Yu H, Cantley LC, Ersoy BA. Submitochondrial Protein Translocation Upon Stress Inhibits Thermogenic Energy Expenditure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.04.539294. [PMID: 37205525 PMCID: PMC10187325 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-rich brown adipocytes dissipate cellular fuel as heat by thermogenic energy expenditure (TEE). Prolonged nutrient excess or cold exposure impair TEE and contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we report that stress-induced proton leak into the matrix interface of mitochondrial innermembrane (IM) mobilizes a group of proteins from IM into matrix, which in turn alter mitochondrial bioenergetics. We further determine a smaller subset that correlates with obesity in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. We go on to show that the top factor on this short list, acyl-CoA thioesterase 9 (ACOT9), migrates from the IM into the matrix upon stress where it enzymatically deactivates and prevents the utilization of acetyl-CoA in TEE. The loss of ACOT9 protects mice against the complications of obesity by maintaining unobstructed TEE. Overall, our results introduce aberrant protein translocation as a strategy to identify pathogenic factors. One-Sentence Summary Thermogenic stress impairs mitochondrial energy utilization by forcing translocation of IM-bound proteins into the matrix.
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23
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Phung NV, Rong F, Xia WY, Fan Y, Li XY, Wang SA, Li FL. Nervonic acid and its sphingolipids: Biological functions and potential food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37114919 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid, a 24-carbon fatty acid with only one double bond at the 9th carbon (C24:1n-9), is abundant in the human brain, liver, and kidney. It not only functions in free form but also serves as a critical component of sphingolipids which participate in many biological processes such as cell membrane formation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Recent studies show that nervonic acid supplementation is not only beneficial to human health but also can improve the many medical conditions such as neurological diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Nervonic acid and its sphingomyelins serve as a special material for myelination in infants and remyelination patients with multiple sclerosis. Besides, the administration of nervonic acid is reported to reduce motor disorder in mice with Parkinson's disease and limit weight gain. Perturbations of nervonic acid and its sphingolipids might lead to the pathogenesis of many diseases and understanding these mechanisms is critical for investigating potential therapeutic approaches for such diseases. However, available studies about this aspect are limited. In this review, relevant findings about functional mechanisms of nervonic acid have been comprehensively and systematically described, focusing on four interconnected functions: cellular structure, signaling, anti-inflammation, lipid mobilization, and their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Van Phung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Yue Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Yu Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi An Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
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24
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Feng T, Zhang W, Li Z. Potential Mechanisms of Gut-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Participation in Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111964. [PMID: 36360201 PMCID: PMC9689624 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine participates in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in multiple facets. It is the major site of nutrient digestion and absorption, provides the interface as well as docking locus for gut microbiota, and harbors hormone-producing cells scattered throughout the gut epithelium. Intestinal extracellular vesicles are known to influence the local immune response, whereas their roles in glucose and lipid homeostasis have barely been explored. Hence, this current review summarizes the latest knowledge of cargo substances detected in intestinal extracellular vesicles, and connects these molecules with the fine-tuning regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in liver, muscle, pancreas, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +1-734-615-0360 (W.Z.); +1-207-396-8050 (Z.L.)
| | - Ziru Li
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +1-734-615-0360 (W.Z.); +1-207-396-8050 (Z.L.)
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25
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Brandão SR, Carvalho F, Amado F, Ferreira R, Costa VM. Insights on the molecular targets of cardiotoxicity induced by anticancer drugs: A systematic review based on proteomic findings. Metabolism 2022; 134:155250. [PMID: 35809654 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several anticancer agents have been associated with cardiac toxic effects. The currently proposed mechanisms to explain cardiotoxicity differ among anticancer agents, but in fact, the specific modulation is not completely elucidated. Thus, this systematic review aims to provide an integrative perspective of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of anticancer agents on heart muscle while using a high-throughput technology, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. A literature search using PubMed database led to the selection of 27 studies, of which 13 reported results exclusively on animal models, 13 on cardiomyocyte-derived cell lines and only one included both animal and a cardiomyocyte line. The reported anticancer agents were the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib, the anthracyclines daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin, the antimicrotubule agent docetaxel, the alkylating agent melphalan, the anthracenedione mitoxantrone, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) erlotinib, lapatinib, sorafenib and sunitinib, and the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. Regarding the MS-based proteomic approaches, electrophoretic separation using two-dimensional (2D) gels coupled with tandem MS (MS/MS) and liquid chromatography-MS/MS (LC-MS/MS) were the most common. Overall, the studies highlighted 1826 differentially expressed proteins across 116 biological processes. Most of them were grouped in larger processes and critically analyzed in the present review. The selection of studies using proteomics on heart muscle allowed to obtain information about the anticancer therapy-induced modulation of numerous proteins in this tissue and to establish connections that have been disregarded in other studies. This systematic review provides interesting points for a comprehensive understanding of the cellular cardiotoxicity mechanisms of different anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Reis Brandão
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 28, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 28, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Amado
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 28, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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26
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Nyunoya H, Ishibashi Y, Ito M, Okino N. Significance of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation for the survivability of Aurantiochytrium limacinum ATCC MYA-1381 during sugar starvation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1524-1535. [PMID: 35998312 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are marine protists that accumulate large amounts of palmitic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in lipid droplets. Random insertional mutagenesis was adopted for Aurantiochytrium limacinum ATCC MYA-1381 to search for genes that regulate lipid metabolism in thraustochytrids. A mutant strain, M17, was selected because of its significant decrease in myristic acid, palmitic acid, and triacylglycerol contents and cell growth defect. Genome analysis revealed that the gene encoding for mitochondrial electron-transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETFQO) was lacking in the M17 strain. This mutant strain exhibited a growth defect at the stationary phase, possibly due to stagnation of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and branched-chain amino acid degradation, both of which were caused by lack of ETFQO. This study shows the usability of random insertional mutagenesis to obtain mutants of lipid metabolism in A. limacinum and clarifies that ETFQO is integral for survival under sugar starvation in A. limacinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Nyunoya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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27
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Escherichia coli YigI is a Conserved Gammaproteobacterial Acyl-CoA Thioesterase Permitting Metabolism of Unusual Fatty Acid Substrates. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0001422. [PMID: 35876515 PMCID: PMC9380530 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00014-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioesterases play a critical role in metabolism, membrane biosynthesis, and overall homeostasis for all domains of life. In this present study, we characterize a putative thioesterase from Escherichia coli MG1655 and define its role as a cytosolic enzyme. Building on structure-guided functional predictions, we show that YigI is a medium- to long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase that is involved in the degradation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in vivo, showing overlapping specificity with two previously defined E. coli thioesterases TesB and FadM. We then bioinformatically identify the regulatory relationships that induce YigI expression, which include: an acidic environment, high oxygen availability, and exposure to aminoglycosides. Our findings define a role for YigI and shed light on why the E. coli genome harbors numerous thioesterases with closely related functions. IMPORTANCE Previous research has shown that long chain acyl-CoA thioesterases are needed for E. coli to grow in the presence of carbon sources such as conjugated linoleic acid, but that E. coli must possess at least one such enzyme that had not previously been characterized. Building off structure-guided function predictions, we showed that the poorly annotated protein YigI is indeed the previously unidentified third acyl CoA thioesterase. We found that the three potentially overlapping acyl-CoA thioesterases appear to be induced by nonoverlapping conditions and use that information as a starting point for identifying the precise reactions catalyzed by each such thioesterase, which is an important prerequisite for their industrial application and for more accurate metabolic modeling of E. coli.
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28
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Gao Y, Li K, Zhang L, Chen C, Bai C. A Nucleophilic Chemical Probe Targeting Electrophilic Functional Groups in an Untargeted Way to Explore Cysteine Modulators in Natural Products. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1685-1690. [PMID: 35766822 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vital roles of biologically relevant cysteines have been discovered from proteins that are promising targets for new drugs or chemical tools. Therefore, new electrophilic small molecules that can covalently modulate these cysteines have attracted immense interest. Because of their extremely wide chemical diversity, electrophilic natural products (NPs) have been studied as promising sources of cysteine modulators. Previous studies have developed chemical probes to facilitate the detection and isolation of electrophilic NPs. To address the problems with the current methods, including their low sensitivity, high false-positive rate, and dependence on performing manual processing with a plethora of spectra, we report a chemical probe that can first covalently capture electrophilic NPs from natural resources and then produce sensitive reporter ion signals that are specific for the detected NPs. We applied this untargeted method to explore electrophilic NPs from natural resources and found that the complexity of electrophilic NPs was beyond our expectations. We used this chemical probe to identify a new electrophilic furanosesterterpene (BG-1) from an extract of Ginkgo biloba that targets the Cys207 of acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 (ACOT7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyi Gao
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.,The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510130, China
| | - Kaili Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Innovation Research of Chinese Materia Medica, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chuan Bai
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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29
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Ma X, Liao Z, Li R, Xia W, Guo H, Luo J, Sheng H, Tian M, Cao Z. Myocardial Injury Caused by Chronic Alcohol Exposure—A Pilot Study Based on Proteomics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134284. [PMID: 35807529 PMCID: PMC9268295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol exposure can cause myocardial degenerative diseases, manifested as cardiac insufficiency, arrhythmia, etc. These are defined as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Alcohol-mediated myocardial injury has previously been studied through metabolomics, and it has been proved to be involved in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway concerning unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, which tentatively explored the mechanism of ACM induced by chronic drinking. To further study alcohol-induced myocardial injury, myocardial specimens from a previously successfully established mouse model of ACM were subjected to histological, echocardiographic, and proteomic analyses, and validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results of histopathology and echocardiography showed the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, the dilation of ventricles, and decreased cardiac function. Proteomic results, available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD032949, revealed 56 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, which have the potential to be involved in the KEGG pathway related to fatty acid biosynthesis disorders, lipid metabolism disorders, oxidative stress, and, ultimately, in the development of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The present study further elucidates the underlying effects of myocardial injury due to chronic alcohol intake, laying a foundation for further studies to clarify the potential mechanisms of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Ma
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- The Third Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zihan Liao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rongxuan Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- The Third Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Honghui Guo
- Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (W.X.); (H.G.)
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Center of Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Meihui Tian
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Biology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.); (R.L.); (J.L.)
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-Evidence Science, Shenyang 110122, China
- Correspondence: (M.T.); (Z.C.)
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30
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The Role of Mitochondria in Metabolic Syndrome–Associated Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9196232. [PMID: 35783195 PMCID: PMC9246605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9196232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of society, the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is increasing rapidly. Evidence indicated that patients diagnosed with MS usually suffered from cardiomyopathy, called metabolic syndrome–associated cardiomyopathy (MSC). The clinical characteristics of MSC included cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, followed by heart failure. Despite many studies on this topic, the detailed mechanisms are not clear yet. As the center of cellular metabolism, mitochondria are crucial for maintaining heart function, while mitochondria dysfunction plays a vital role through mechanisms such as mitochondrial energy deprivation, calcium disorder, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) imbalance during the development of MSC. Accordingly, in this review, we will summarize the characteristics of MSC and especially focus on the mechanisms related to mitochondria. In addition, we will update new therapeutic strategies in this field.
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31
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Liu A, Han N, Munoz-Muriedas J, Bender A. Deriving time-concordant event cascades from gene expression data: A case study for Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI). PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010148. [PMID: 35687583 PMCID: PMC9292124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse event pathogenesis is often a complex process which compromises multiple events ranging from the molecular to the phenotypic level. In toxicology, Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) aim to formalize this as temporal sequences of events, in which event relationships should be supported by causal evidence according to the tailored Bradford-Hill criteria. One of the criteria is whether events are consistently observed in a certain temporal order and, in this work, we study this time concordance using the concept of “first activation” as data-driven means to generate hypotheses on potentially causal mechanisms. As a case study, we analysed liver data from repeat-dose studies in rats from the TG-GATEs database which comprises measurements across eight timepoints, ranging from 3 hours to 4 weeks post-treatment. We identified time-concordant gene expression-derived events preceding adverse histopathology, which serves as surrogate readout for Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI). We find known mechanisms in DILI to be time-concordant, and show further that significance, frequency and log fold change (logFC) of differential expression are metrics which can additionally prioritize events although not necessary to be mechanistically relevant. Moreover, we used the temporal order of transcription factor (TF) expression and regulon activity to identify transcriptionally regulated TFs and subsequently combined this with prior knowledge on functional interactions to derive detailed gene-regulatory mechanisms, such as reduced Hnf4a activity leading to decreased expression and activity of Cebpa. At the same time, also potentially novel events are identified such as Sox13 which is highly significantly time-concordant and shows sustained activation over time. Overall, we demonstrate how time-resolved transcriptomics can derive and support mechanistic hypotheses by quantifying time concordance and how this can be combined with prior causal knowledge, with the aim of both understanding mechanisms of toxicity, as well as potential applications to the AOP framework. We make our results available in the form of a Shiny app (https://anikaliu.shinyapps.io/dili_cascades), which allows users to query events of interest in more detail. Understanding mechanisms from systems-scale biological data is of great relevance in toxicology as well as drug discovery; however how to generate causal hypotheses instead of correlations is by no means clear. In this work, we study the conserved temporal order of events and present an automatable framework to quantify and characterize time concordance across a large set of time-series. We apply this concept to events derived from time-resolved gene expression and histopathology from the TG-GATEs in vivo liver data as a case study. We were able to recover known events involved in the pathogenesis of Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI), and identify potentially novel pathway and transcription factors (TFs) which precede adverse histopathology. As complementary sources of evidence for causality, we additionally show how time concordance and prior knowledge on plausible interactions between TFs can be combined to derive causal hypotheses on the TFs’ mode of regulation and interaction partners. Overall, the results derived in our case study can serve as valuable hypothesis-free starting points for the development of Adverse Outcome Pathways for DILI, and demonstrate that our approach provides a novel angle to prioritize mechanistically relevant events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Liu
- Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Systems Modelling and Translational Biology, Data and Computational Sciences, GSK, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AL); (AB)
| | - Namshik Han
- Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Munoz-Muriedas
- Systems Modelling and Translational Biology, Data and Computational Sciences, GSK, London, United Kingdom
- Computer-Aided Drug Design, UCB, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AL); (AB)
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32
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Fei Y, Huang L, Wang H, Liang J, Liu G, Bai W. Adaptive mechanism of Lactobacillus amylolyticus L6 in soymilk environment based on metabolism of nutrients and related gene-expression profiles. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1548-1563. [PMID: 35592287 PMCID: PMC9094474 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus amylolyticus L6 isolated from naturally fermented tofu-whey was characterized as potential probiotics. To give insight into the adaptive mechanism of L. amylolyticus L6 in soymilk, the gene-expression profiles of this strain and changes of chemical components in fermented soymilk were investigated. The viable counts of L. amylolyticus L6 in soymilk reached 1012 CFU/mL in the stationary phase (10 hr). The main sugars reduced gradually while the acidity value significantly increased from 45.33° to 95.88° during fermentation. About 50 genes involved in sugar metabolization and lactic acid production were highly induced during soymilk fermentation. The concentration of total amino acid increased to 668.38 mg/L in the logarithmic phase, and 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in terms of nitrogen metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acid were detected. Other genes related to lipid metabolism, inorganic ion transport, and stress response were also highly induced. Besides, the concentration of isoflavone aglycones with high bioactivity increased from 14.51 mg/L to 36.09 mg/L during the fermentation, and the expression of 6-phospho-β-glucosidase gene was also synchronously induced. This study revealed the adaptive mechanism of L. amylolyticus L6 in the soymilk-based ecosystem, which gives the theoretical guidance for the application of this strain in other soybean-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Fei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China.,College of Light Industry and Food Science Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China.,Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Li Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China.,College of Light Industry and Food Science Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Jinglong Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China.,Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Gongliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China.,College of Light Industry and Food Science Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China.,Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
| | - Weidong Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China.,College of Light Industry and Food Science Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China.,Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou China
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33
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Blomme A, Peter C, Mui E, Rodriguez Blanco G, An N, Mason LM, Jamieson LE, McGregor GH, Lilla S, Ntala C, Patel R, Thiry M, Kung SHY, Leclercq M, Ford CA, Rushworth LK, McGarry DJ, Mason S, Repiscak P, Nixon C, Salji MJ, Markert E, MacKay GM, Kamphorst JJ, Graham D, Faulds K, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Avezov E, Edwards J, Yin H, Sumpton D, Blyth K, Close P, Murphy DJ, Zanivan S, Leung HY. THEM6-mediated reprogramming of lipid metabolism supports treatment resistance in prostate cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14764. [PMID: 35014179 PMCID: PMC8899912 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical benefit of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), the majority of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) ultimately develop lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we identified thioesterase superfamily member 6 (THEM6) as a marker of ADT resistance in PCa. THEM6 deletion reduces in vivo tumour growth and restores castration sensitivity in orthograft models of CRPC. Mechanistically, we show that the ER membrane-associated protein THEM6 regulates intracellular levels of ether lipids and is essential to trigger the induction of the ER stress response (UPR). Consequently, THEM6 loss in CRPC cells significantly alters ER function, reducing de novo sterol biosynthesis and preventing lipid-mediated activation of ATF4. Finally, we demonstrate that high THEM6 expression is associated with poor survival and correlates with high levels of UPR activation in PCa patients. Altogether, our results highlight THEM6 as a novel driver of therapy resistance in PCa as well as a promising target for the treatment of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernest Mui
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | | | - Ning An
- Laboratory of Cancer SignalingGIGA‐InstituteUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | - Lauren E Jamieson
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryTechnology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Grace H McGregor
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | | | - Chara Ntala
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | | | - Marc Thiry
- GIGA‐NeurosciencesUnit of Cell and Tissue BiologyUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Department of Urologic SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Vancouver Prostate CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Marine Leclercq
- Laboratory of Cancer SignalingGIGA‐InstituteUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | - Linda K Rushworth
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | | | - Susan Mason
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | | | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | - Mark J Salji
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | - Elke Markert
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | | | - Jurre J Kamphorst
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryTechnology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular NanometrologyDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryTechnology and Innovation CentreUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Vancouver Prostate CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urologic SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Vancouver Prostate CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Edward Avezov
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of CambridgeDepartment of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | - Huabing Yin
- School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Karen Blyth
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | - Pierre Close
- Laboratory of Cancer SignalingGIGA‐InstituteUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- CRUK Beatson InstituteGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGarscube EstateGlasgowUK
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34
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Scalcon V, Folda A, Lupo MG, Tonolo F, Pei N, Battisti I, Ferri N, Arrigoni G, Bindoli A, Holmgren A, Coppo L, Rigobello MP. Mitochondrial depletion of glutaredoxin 2 induces metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in mice. Redox Biol 2022; 51:102277. [PMID: 35290904 PMCID: PMC8921303 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) is a glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates glutathionylation/de-glutathionylation of target proteins. The main variants of Grx2 are the mitochondrial Grx2a and the cytosolic Grx2c. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific role of mitochondrial Grx2 in vivo using a mitochondrial Grx2 depleted (mGD) mouse model. mGD mice displayed an altered mitochondrial morphology and functioning. Furthermore, the lack of Grx2 in the mitochondrial compartment is responsible for increased blood lipid levels under a normal diet, a metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) phenotype and a decreased glycogen storage capacity. In addition, depleting Grx2a leads to an alteration in abundance and in glutathionylation pattern of different mitochondrial enzymes, highlighting the selective role of Grx2 in the regulation of metabolic pathways. Overall, our findings identify the involvement of mitochondrial Grx2a in the regulation of cell metabolism and highlight a previously unknown association between Grx2 and MAFLD. Mitochondrial Grx2 depleted (mGD) mice display mitochondrial impairment. mGD mice show alterations in lipid metabolism and glycogen storage in the liver. Upon Grx2 deficiency the glutathionylation pattern of metabolic enzymes changes Mitochondrial Grx2 depletion is associated with MAFLD development
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Scalcon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Folda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Federica Tonolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Naixuan Pei
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy; Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy; Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bindoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR c/o Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucia Coppo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Maria Pia Rigobello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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35
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Caswell BT, de Carvalho CC, Nguyen H, Roy M, Nguyen T, Cantu DC. Thioesterase enzyme families: Functions, structures, and mechanisms. Protein Sci 2022; 31:652-676. [PMID: 34921469 PMCID: PMC8862431 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thioesterases are enzymes that hydrolyze thioester bonds in numerous biochemical pathways, for example in fatty acid synthesis. This work reports known functions, structures, and mechanisms of updated thioesterase enzyme families, which are classified into 35 families based on sequence similarity. Each thioesterase family is based on at least one experimentally characterized enzyme, and most families have enzymes that have been crystallized and their tertiary structure resolved. Classifying thioesterases into families allows to predict tertiary structures and infer catalytic residues and mechanisms of all sequences in a family, which is particularly useful because the majority of known protein sequence have no experimental characterization. Phylogenetic analysis of experimentally characterized thioesterases that have structures with the two main structural folds reveal convergent and divergent evolution. Based on tertiary structure superimposition, catalytic residues are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Caswell
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Caio C. de Carvalho
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Monikrishna Roy
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Tin Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
| | - David C. Cantu
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, RenoRenoNevadaUSA
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36
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Chattopadhyay M, Germain D. Can THEM6 targeting stop resistance to prostate cancer treatment? EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15504. [PMID: 35107853 PMCID: PMC8899918 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) clinical management relies heavily on androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT). However, despite experiencing initial clinical benefit, patients getting ADT for non‐resectable PCa eventually relapse and develop fatal castration‐resistant PCa (CRPC). Multiple mechanisms of acquired resistance to treatment have been reported, including metabolic adaptation (Marine et al, 2020). Notably, activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR) has been associated with oncogenic transformation (Hart et al, 2012), tumor progression, metastasis dissemination, and resistance to therapy (Chen & Cubillos‐Ruiz, 2021). Targeting different branches of ER UPR has been found to be an effective tool against aggressive PCa (Nguyen et al, 2018; Sheng et al, 2019). Therefore, a better understanding of these pathways may lead to the identification of novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrittika Chattopadhyay
- Tish Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doris Germain
- Tish Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Abujamel TS, Al-Otaibi NM, Abuaish S, AlHarbi RH, Assas MB, Alzahrani SA, Alotaibi SM, El-Ansary A, Aabed K. Different Alterations in Gut Microbiota between Bifidobacterium longum and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Treatments in Propionic Acid Rat Model of Autism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030608. [PMID: 35276971 PMCID: PMC8838423 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) consist of a range of neurodevelopmental conditions accompanied by dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Therefore, a number of microbiota manipulation strategies were developed to restore their balance. However, a comprehensive comparison of the various methods on gut microbiota is still lacking. Here, we evaluated the effect of Bifidobacterium (BF) treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) on gut microbiota in a propionic acid (PPA) rat model of autism using 16S rRNA sequencing. Following PPA treatment, gut microbiota showed depletion of Bacteroidia and Akkermansia accompanied by a concomitant increase of Streptococcus, Lachnospiraceae, and Paraeggerthella. The dysbiosis was predicted to cause increased levels of porphyrin metabolism and impairments of acyl-CoA thioesterase and ubiquinone biosynthesis. On the contrary, BF and FT treatments resulted in a distinct increase of Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Marvinbryantia, Butyricicoccus, and Dorea. The taxa in BF group positively correlated with vitamin B12 and flagella biosynthesis, while FT mainly enriched flagella biosynthesis. In contrast, BF and FT treatments negatively correlated with succinate biosynthesis, pyruvate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, beta-Lactam resistance, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that BF and FT treatments restored the PPA-induced dysbiosis in a treatment-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-504-545-472
| | - Norah M. Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Sameera Abuaish
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rahaf H. AlHarbi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mushref B. Assas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saleha Ahmad Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Sohailah Masoud Alotaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kawther Aabed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.-O.); (S.A.A.); (S.M.A.); (K.A.)
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38
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St Clair LA, Mills SA, Lian E, Soma PS, Nag A, Montgomery C, Ramirez G, Chotiwan N, Gullberg RC, Perera R. Acyl-Coa Thioesterases: A Rheostat That Controls Activated Fatty Acids Modulates Dengue Virus Serotype 2 Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020240. [PMID: 35215835 PMCID: PMC8875275 DOI: 10.3390/v14020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection with dengue viruses (DENVs), the lipid landscape within host cells is significantly altered to assemble membrane platforms that support viral replication and particle assembly. Fatty acyl-CoAs are key intermediates in the biosynthesis of complex lipids that form these membranes. They also function as key signaling lipids in the cell. Here, we carried out loss of function studies on acyl-CoA thioesterases (ACOTs), a family of enzymes that hydrolyze fatty acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and coenzyme A, to understand their influence on the lifecycle of DENVs. The loss of function of the type I ACOTs 1 (cytoplasmic) and 2 (mitochondrial) together significantly increased DENV serotype 2 (DENV2) viral replication and infectious particle release. However, isolated knockdown of mitochondrial ACOT2 significantly decreased DENV2 protein translation, genome replication, and infectious virus release. Furthermore, loss of ACOT7 function, a mitochondrial type II ACOT, similarly suppressed DENV2. As ACOT1 and ACOT2 are splice variants, these data suggest that functional differences and substrate specificities due to the location (cytosol and mitochondria, respectively) of these proteins may account for the differences in DENV2 infection phenotype. Additionally, loss of mitochondrial ACOT2 and ACOT7 expression also altered the expression of several ACOTs located in multiple organelle compartments within the cell, highlighting a complex relationship between ACOTs in the DENV2 virus lifecycle.
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Centeno-Leija S, Espinosa-Barrera L, Velazquez-Cruz B, Cárdenas-Conejo Y, Virgen-Ortíz R, Valencia-Cruz G, Saenz RA, Marín-Tovar Y, Gómez-Manzo S, Hernández-Ochoa B, Rocha-Ramirez LM, Zataraín-Palacios R, Osuna-Castro JA, López-Munguía A, Serrano-Posada H. Mining for novel cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases unravels the carbohydrate metabolism pathway via cyclodextrins in Thermoanaerobacterales. Sci Rep 2022; 12:730. [PMID: 35031648 PMCID: PMC8760340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate metabolism via cyclodextrins (CM-CD) is an uncommon starch-converting pathway that thoroughly depends on extracellular cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferases (CGTases) to transform the surrounding starch substrate to α-(1,4)-linked oligosaccharides and cyclodextrins (CDs). The CM-CD pathway has emerged as a convenient microbial adaptation to thrive under extreme temperatures, as CDs are functional amphipathic toroids with higher heat-resistant values than linear dextrins. Nevertheless, although the CM-CD pathway has been described in a few mesophilic bacteria and archaea, it remains obscure in extremely thermophilic prokaryotes (Topt ≥ 70 °C). Here, a new monophyletic group of CGTases with an exceptional three-domain ABC architecture was detected by (meta)genome mining of extremely thermophilic Thermoanaerobacterales living in a wide variety of hot starch-poor environments on Earth. Functional studies of a representative member, CldA, showed a maximum activity in a thermoacidophilic range (pH 4.0 and 80 °C) with remarkable product diversification that yielded a mixture of α:β:γ-CDs (34:62:4) from soluble starch, as well as G3-G7 linear dextrins and fermentable sugars as the primary products. Together, comparative genomics and predictive functional analysis, combined with data of the functionally characterized key proteins of the gene clusters encoding CGTases, revealed the CM-CD pathway in Thermoanaerobacterales and showed that it is involved in the synthesis, transportation, degradation, and metabolic assimilation of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Centeno-Leija
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, 28627, Colima, Colima, Mexico.
| | - Laura Espinosa-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, 28627, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Velazquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, 28627, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Yair Cárdenas-Conejo
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, 28627, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Raúl Virgen-Ortíz
- Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, 28627, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Georgina Valencia-Cruz
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Avenida 25 de julio 965, Colonia Villa de San Sebastián, 28045, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Roberto A Saenz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, Bernal Díaz del Castillo 340, 28045, Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - Yerli Marín-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Estructural, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Saúl Gómez-Manzo
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, 04530, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biología Celular, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz María Rocha-Ramirez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Colonia Doctores, 06720, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Mexico
| | - Rocío Zataraín-Palacios
- Escuela de Medicina General, Universidad José Martí, Bosques del Decán 351, 28089, Colima, Colima, México
| | - Juan A Osuna-Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Autopista Colima-Manzanillo, 28100, Tecomán, Colima, Mexico
| | - Agustín López-Munguía
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Hugo Serrano-Posada
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Biología Sintética, Estructural y Molecular, Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Tecnoparque CLQ, Universidad de Colima, Carretera Los Limones-Loma de Juárez, 28627, Colima, Colima, Mexico.
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PPARα-ACOT12 axis is responsible for maintaining cartilage homeostasis through modulating de novo lipogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3. [PMID: 34987154 PMCID: PMC8733009 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, in Ppara−/− mice, we found that an increased DNL stimulated the cartilage degradation and identified ACOT12 as a key regulatory factor. Suppressed level of ACOT12 was observed in cartilages of OA patient and OA-induced animal. To determine the role and association of ACOT12 in the OA pathogenesis, we generated Acot12 knockout (KO) (Acot12−/−) mice using RNA-guided endonuclease. Acot12−/− mice displayed the severe cartilage degradation with the stimulation of matrix MMPs and chondrocyte apoptosis through the accumulation of acetyl CoA. Delivery of acetyl CoA-conjugated chitosan complex into cartilage stimulated DNL and cartilage degradation. Moreover, restoration of ACOT12 into human OA chondrocytes and OA-induced mouse cartilage effectively rescued the pathophysiological features of OA by regulating DNL. Taken together, our study suggested ACOT12 as a novel regulatory factor in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and targeting ACOT12 could contribute to developing a new therapeutic strategy for OA. Increasing evidence suggested that dysregulation in lipid metabolism is linked to OA pathogenesis, but the underlying regulatory mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors show that PPARα-ACOT12 signalling regulates cartilage homeostasis by regulating de novo lipogenesis in mice.
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Liu H, Cheng J, Zhou Y, Liu F, Griffin N, Faulkner S, Wang L. Interactions of perfluorooctanoic acid with acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (Acot1). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109159. [PMID: 34365018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a typical representative of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), is a widely utilized persistent organic pollutant (POP) known to induce liver toxicity in laboratory animals and wildlife. Evidence suggests that PFOA interacts with Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (Acot1) to modulate levels of β-oxidation. Specifically, PFOA accelerates β-oxidation, while Acot1 is inhibitory. Few studies have investigated the specific relationship between PFOA and Acot1 and the mechanism of their interaction remains unclear. In the following study, purified rat Acot1 protein was synthesized via bacterial recombination and the structural features that facilitate its binding to PFOA were assessed via molecular docking technology. Additionally, through use of circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) we demonstrate that PFOA binds to WT-Acot1 through electrostatic attraction and low strength non-covalent hydrogen bonding at a molar ratio of 1:1. Furthermore, we identify N326 and H373 amino acid residues as key regulators of the binding process. Together, these findings clarify the interaction pattern of PFOA and Acot1 proteins and provide insight into the specific molecular mechanisms that induce PFOA toxicity in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Yongbing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China
| | - Nathan Griffin
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, PR China.
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Dresden CE, Ashraf Q, Husbands AY. Diverse regulatory mechanisms of StARkin domains in land plants and mammals. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 64:102148. [PMID: 34814028 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The StARkin domain (derived from 'kin of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR)') is an evolutionarily conserved helix-grip-fold structure. StARkin domains possess a deep hydrophobic pocket capable of binding lipophilic ligands such as fatty acids, sterols, and isoprenoids. Dysregulation of StARkin proteins has profound effects on disease and development. In this review, we profile recent mechanistic and evolutionary studies, which highlight the remarkable diversity of regulatory mechanisms employed by the StARkin module. Although primarily focused on land plants, we also discuss select key advances in mammalian StARkin biology. The diversity of perspectives, systems, and approaches described here may be helpful to researchers characterizing poorly understood StARkin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E Dresden
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB), the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Quratulayn Ashraf
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB), the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Aman Y Husbands
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB), the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Center for Applied Plant Sciences (CAPS), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
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43
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Harrington C, Jacobs M, Bethune Q, Kalomeris T, Hiller GW, Mulukutla BC. Production of butyrate and branched-chain amino acid catabolic byproducts by CHO cells in fed-batch culture enhances their specific productivity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:4786-4799. [PMID: 34569627 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in fed-batch cultures produce several metabolic byproducts derived from amino acid catabolism, some of which accumulate to growth inhibitory levels. Controlling the accumulation of these byproducts has been shown to significantly enhance cell proliferation. Interestingly, some of these byproducts have physiological roles that go beyond inhibition of cell proliferation. In this study, we show that, in CHO cell fed-batch cultures, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism contributes to the formation of butyrate, a novel byproduct that is also a well-established specific productivity enhancer. We further show that other byproducts of BCAA catabolism, namely isovalerate and isobutyrate, which accumulate in CHO cell fed-batch cultures, also enhance specific productivity. Lastly, we show that the rate of production of these BCAA catabolic byproducts is negatively correlated with glucose uptake and lactate production rates. Thus, limiting glucose supply to suppress glucose uptake and lactate production, as in the case of fed-batch cultures employing high-end pH-controlled delivery of glucose (HiPDOG) technology, significantly enhances BCAA catabolic byproduct accumulation, resulting in higher specific productivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Harrington
- Cell Culture Process Development, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michaela Jacobs
- Cell Culture Process Development, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Quentin Bethune
- Cell Culture Process Development, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor Kalomeris
- Cell Culture Process Development, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory W Hiller
- Cell Culture Process Development, Pfizer Inc, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
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Tahri-Joutey M, Andreoletti P, Surapureddi S, Nasser B, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Latruffe N. Mechanisms Mediating the Regulation of Peroxisomal Fatty Acid Beta-Oxidation by PPARα. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168969. [PMID: 34445672 PMCID: PMC8396561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, two cellular organelles, mitochondria and peroxisomes, share the ability to degrade fatty acid chains. Although each organelle harbors its own fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, a distinct mitochondrial system feeds the oxidative phosphorylation pathway for ATP synthesis. At the same time, the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway participates in cellular thermogenesis. A scientific milestone in 1965 helped discover the hepatomegaly effect in rat liver by clofibrate, subsequently identified as a peroxisome proliferator in rodents and an activator of the peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. These peroxisome proliferators were later identified as activating ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (PPARα), cloned in 1990. The ligand-activated heterodimer PPARα/RXRα recognizes a DNA sequence, called PPRE (Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element), corresponding to two half-consensus hexanucleotide motifs, AGGTCA, separated by one nucleotide. Accordingly, the assembled complex containing PPRE/PPARα/RXRα/ligands/Coregulators controls the expression of the genes involved in liver peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation. This review mobilizes a considerable number of findings that discuss miscellaneous axes, covering the detailed expression pattern of PPARα in species and tissues, the lessons from several PPARα KO mouse models and the modulation of PPARα function by dietary micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Tahri-Joutey
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Pierre Andreoletti
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Sailesh Surapureddi
- Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA;
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Faculty of Sciences & Techniques, University Hassan I, BP 577, 26000 Settat, Morocco;
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
| | - Norbert Latruffe
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.T.-J.); (P.A.); (M.C.-M.)
- Correspondence:
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Cholico GN, Fling RR, Zacharewski NA, Fader KA, Nault R, Zacharewski TR. Thioesterase induction by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin results in a futile cycle that inhibits hepatic β-oxidation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15689. [PMID: 34344994 PMCID: PMC8333094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental contaminant, induces steatosis by increasing hepatic uptake of dietary and mobilized peripheral fats, inhibiting lipoprotein export, and repressing β-oxidation. In this study, the mechanism of β-oxidation inhibition was investigated by testing the hypothesis that TCDD dose-dependently repressed straight-chain fatty acid oxidation gene expression in mice following oral gavage every 4 days for 28 days. Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic acyl-CoA levels, while octenoyl-CoA and dicarboxylic acid levels increased. TCDD also dose-dependently repressed the hepatic gene expression associated with triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester hydrolysis, fatty acid binding proteins, fatty acid activation, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolysis while inducing acyl-CoA hydrolysis. Moreover, octenoyl-CoA blocked the hydration of crotonyl-CoA suggesting short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) activity was inhibited. Collectively, the integration of metabolomics and RNA-seq data suggested TCDD induced a futile cycle of fatty acid activation and acyl-CoA hydrolysis resulting in incomplete β-oxidation, and the accumulation octenoyl-CoA levels that inhibited the activity of short chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovan N Cholico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Russell R Fling
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nicholas A Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly A Fader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rance Nault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Timothy R Zacharewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, Biochemistry Building, 603 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Park S, Song J, Baek IJ, Jang KY, Han CY, Jun DW, Kim PK, Raught B, Jin EJ. Loss of Acot12 contributes to NAFLD independent of lipolysis of adipose tissue. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1159-1169. [PMID: 34285335 PMCID: PMC8333268 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we hypothesized that deregulation in the maintenance of the pool of coenzyme A (CoA) may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Specific deletion of Acot12 (Acot12-/-), the major acyl-CoA thioesterase, induced the accumulation of acetyl-CoA and resulted in the stimulation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. KEGG pathway analysis suggested PPARα signaling as the most significantly enriched pathway in Acot12-/- livers. Surprisingly, the exposure of Acot12-/- hepatocytes to fenofibrate significantly increased the accumulation of acetyl-CoA and resulted in the stimulation of cholesterol biosynthesis and DNL. Interaction analysis, including proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) analysis, suggested that ACOT12 may directly interact with vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A (VPS33A) and play a role in vesicle-mediated cholesterol trafficking and the process of lysosomal degradation of cholesterol in hepatocytes. In summary, in this study, we found that ACOT12 deficiency is responsible for the pathogenesis of NAFLD through the accumulation of acetyl-CoA and the stimulation of DNL and cholesterol via activation of PPARα and inhibition of cholesterol trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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Sheraj I, Guray NT, Banerjee S. A pan-cancer transcriptomic study showing tumor specific alterations in central metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13637. [PMID: 34211032 PMCID: PMC8249409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in metabolic rewiring of tumors to identify clinically relevant genes. However, most of these studies have had either focused on individual tumors, or are too general, providing a broad outlook on overall changes. In this study, we have first curated an extensive list of genes encoding metabolic enzymes and metabolite transporters relevant to carbohydrate, fatty acid and amino acid oxidation and biosynthesis. Next, we have used publicly available transcriptomic data for 20 different tumor types from The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (TCGA) and focused on differential expression of these genes between tumor and adjacent normal tissue. Our study revealed major transcriptional alterations in genes that are involved in central metabolism. Most tumors exhibit upregulation in carbohydrate and amino acid transporters, increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and decreased fatty acid and amino acid oxidation. On the other hand, the expression of genes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, anaplerotic reactions and electron transport chain differed between tumors. Although most transcriptomic alterations were conserved across many tumor types suggesting the initiation of common regulatory programs, expression changes unique to specific tumors were also identified, which can provide gene expression fingerprints as potential biomarkers or drug targets. Our study also emphasizes the value of transcriptomic data in the deeper understanding of metabolic changes in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilir Sheraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - N Tulin Guray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyl), Orta Dogu Teknik Universitesi (ODTU/METU), Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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Thioesterase superfamily member 1 undergoes stimulus-coupled conformational reorganization to regulate metabolism in mice. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3493. [PMID: 34108467 PMCID: PMC8190112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis is suppressed by thioesterase superfamily member 1 (Them1), a long chain fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase. Them1 is highly upregulated by cold ambient temperature, where it reduces fatty acid availability and limits thermogenesis. Here, we show that Them1 regulates metabolism by undergoing conformational changes in response to β-adrenergic stimulation that alter Them1 intracellular distribution. Them1 forms metabolically active puncta near lipid droplets and mitochondria. Upon stimulation, Them1 is phosphorylated at the N-terminus, inhibiting puncta formation and activity and resulting in a diffuse intracellular localization. We show by correlative light and electron microscopy that Them1 puncta are biomolecular condensates that are inhibited by phosphorylation. Thus, Them1 forms intracellular biomolecular condensates that limit fatty acid oxidation and suppress thermogenesis. During a period of energy demand, the condensates are disrupted by phosphorylation to allow for maximal thermogenesis. The stimulus-coupled reorganization of Them1 provides fine-tuning of thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
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Felix JB, Cox AR, Hartig SM. Acetyl-CoA and Metabolite Fluxes Regulate White Adipose Tissue Expansion. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:320-332. [PMID: 33712368 PMCID: PMC8035226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) depends on coordinated regulation of transcriptional and metabolic pathways to respond to whole-body energy demands. We highlight metabolites that contribute to biosynthetic reactions for WAT expansion. Recent studies have precisely defined how byproducts of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism affect physiological and endocrine functions in adipocytes. We emphasize the critical emerging roles of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites that connect lipogenesis to WAT energy balance and endocrine functions. These insights address how adipocytes use small molecules generated from central carbon metabolism to measure responses to nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Felix
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Pereyra AS, Harris KL, Soepriatna AH, Waterbury QA, Bharathi SS, Zhang Y, Fisher-Wellman KH, Goergen CJ, Goetzman ES, Ellis JM. Octanoate is differentially metabolized in liver and muscle and fails to rescue cardiomyopathy in CPT2 deficiency. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100069. [PMID: 33757734 PMCID: PMC8082564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid oxidation is frequently impaired in primary and systemic metabolic diseases affecting the heart; thus, therapeutically increasing reliance on normally minor energetic substrates, such as ketones and medium-chain fatty acids, could benefit cardiac health. However, the molecular fundamentals of this therapy are not fully known. Here, we explored the ability of octanoate, an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid known as an unregulated mitochondrial energetic substrate, to ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy in long-chain fatty acid oxidation-deficient hearts because of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deletion (Cpt2M-/-). CPT2 converts acylcarnitines to acyl-CoAs in the mitochondrial matrix for oxidative bioenergetic metabolism. In Cpt2M-/- mice, high octanoate-ketogenic diet failed to alleviate myocardial hypertrophy, dysfunction, and acylcarnitine accumulation suggesting that this alternative substrate is not sufficiently compensatory for energy provision. Aligning this outcome, we identified a major metabolic distinction between muscles and liver, wherein heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria were unable to oxidize free octanoate, but liver was able to oxidize free octanoate. Liver mitochondria, but not heart or muscle, highly expressed medium-chain acyl-CoA synthetases, potentially enabling octanoate activation for oxidation and circumventing acylcarnitine shuttling. Conversely, octanoylcarnitine was oxidized by liver, skeletal muscle, and heart, with rates in heart 4-fold greater than liver and, in muscles, was not dependent upon CPT2. Together, these data suggest that dietary octanoate cannot rescue CPT2-deficient cardiac disease. These data also suggest the existence of tissue-specific mechanisms for octanoate oxidative metabolism, with liver being independent of free carnitine availability, whereas cardiac and skeletal muscles depend on carnitine but not on CPT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Pereyra
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Department of Physiology, and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kate L Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arvin H Soepriatna
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Quin A Waterbury
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sivakama S Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelsey H Fisher-Wellman
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Department of Physiology, and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Department of Physiology, and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, USA.
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