1
|
Schraps N, Tirre M, Pyschny S, Reis A, Schlierbach H, Seidl M, Kehl HG, Schänzer A, Heger J, Jux C, Drenckhahn JD. Cardiomyocyte maturation alters molecular stress response capacities and determines cell survival upon mitochondrial dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:248-265. [PMID: 38266827 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte maturation during pre- and postnatal development requires multiple intertwined processes, including a switch in energy generation from glucose utilization in the embryonic heart towards fatty acid oxidation after birth. This is accompanied by a boost in mitochondrial mass to increase capacities for oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation required for efficient contraction. Whether cardiomyocyte differentiation is paralleled by augmented capacities to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS), physiological byproducts of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), is less clear. Here we show that expression of genes and proteins involved in redox homeostasis and protein quality control within mitochondria increases after birth in the mouse and human heart. Using primary embryonic, neonatal and adult mouse cardiomyocytes in vitro we investigated how excessive ROS production induced by mitochondrial dysfunction affects cell survival and stress response at different stages of maturation. Embryonic and neonatal cardiomyocytes largely tolerate inhibition of ETC complex III by antimycin A (AMA) as well as ATP synthase (complex V) by oligomycin but are susceptible to complex I inhibition by rotenone. All three inhibitors alter the intracellular distribution and ultrastructure of mitochondria in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In contrast, adult cardiomyocytes treated with AMA undergo rapid morphological changes and cellular disintegration. At the molecular level embryonic cardiomyocytes activate antioxidative defense mechanisms, the integrated stress response (ISR) and ER stress but not the mitochondrial unfolded protein response upon complex III inhibition. In contrast, adult cardiomyocytes fail to activate the ISR and antioxidative proteins following AMA treatment. In conclusion, our results identified fundamental differences in cell survival and stress response in differentiated compared to immature cardiomyocytes subjected to mitochondrial dysfunction. The high stress tolerance of immature cardiomyocytes might allow outlasting unfavorable intrauterine conditions thereby preventing fetal or perinatal heart disease and may contribute to the regenerative capacity of the embryonic and neonatal mammalian heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schraps
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Michaela Tirre
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Pyschny
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Reis
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Seidl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Gerd Kehl
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Heger
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christian Jux
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg-Detlef Drenckhahn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li AL, Lian L, Chen XN, Cai WH, Fan XB, Fan YJ, Li TT, Xie YY, Zhang JP. The role of mitochondria in myocardial damage caused by energy metabolism disorders: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:236-251. [PMID: 37567516 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial damage is the most serious pathological consequence of cardiovascular diseases and an important reason for their high mortality. In recent years, because of the high prevalence of systemic energy metabolism disorders (e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome), complications of myocardial damage caused by these disorders have attracted widespread attention. Energy metabolism disorders are independent of traditional injury-related risk factors, such as ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, and infection. An imbalance of myocardial metabolic flexibility and myocardial energy depletion are usually the initial changes of myocardial injury caused by energy metabolism disorders, and abnormal morphology and functional destruction of the mitochondria are their important features. Specifically, mitochondria are the centers of energy metabolism, and recent evidence has shown that decreased mitochondrial function, caused by an imbalance in mitochondrial quality control, may play a key role in myocardial injury caused by energy metabolism disorders. Under chronic energy stress, mitochondria undergo pathological fission, while mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion, and biogenesis are inhibited, and mitochondrial protein balance and transfer are disturbed, resulting in the accumulation of nonfunctional and damaged mitochondria. Consequently, damaged mitochondria lead to myocardial energy depletion and the accumulation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, further aggravating the imbalance in mitochondrial quality control and forming a vicious cycle. In addition, impaired mitochondria coordinate calcium homeostasis imbalance, and epigenetic alterations participate in the pathogenesis of myocardial damage. These pathological changes induce rapid progression of myocardial damage, eventually leading to heart failure or sudden cardiac death. To intervene more specifically in the myocardial damage caused by metabolic disorders, we need to understand the specific role of mitochondria in this context in detail. Accordingly, promising therapeutic strategies have been proposed. We also summarize the existing therapeutic strategies to provide a reference for clinical treatment and developing new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao-Lin Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Lu Lian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xin-Nong Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300190, China
| | - Wen-Hui Cai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xin-Biao Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ya-Jie Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Ying-Yu Xie
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300183, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pereira SP, Diniz MS, Tavares LC, Cunha-Oliveira T, Li C, Cox LA, Nijland MJ, Nathanielsz PW, Oliveira PJ. Characterizing Early Cardiac Metabolic Programming via 30% Maternal Nutrient Reduction during Fetal Development in a Non-Human Primate Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15192. [PMID: 37894873 PMCID: PMC10607248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common cause of fetal/neonatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with increased offspring predisposition for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Mitochondria are essential organelles in maintaining cardiac function, and thus, fetal cardiac mitochondria could be responsive to the IUGR environment. In this study, we investigated whether in utero fetal cardiac mitochondrial programming can be detectable in an early stage of IUGR pregnancy. Using a well-established nonhuman IUGR primate model, we induced IUGR by reducing by 30% the maternal diet (MNR), both in males (MNR-M) and in female (MNR-F) fetuses. Fetal cardiac left ventricle (LV) tissue and blood were collected at 90 days of gestation (0.5 gestation, 0.5 G). Blood biochemical parameters were determined and heart LV mitochondrial biology assessed. MNR fetus biochemical blood parameters confirm an early fetal response to MNR. In addition, we show that in utero cardiac mitochondrial MNR adaptations are already detectable at this early stage, in a sex-divergent way. MNR induced alterations in the cardiac gene expression of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) subunits (mostly for complex-I, III, and ATP synthase), along with increased protein content for complex-I, -III, and -IV subunits only for MNR-M in comparison with male controls, highlight the fetal cardiac sex-divergent response to MNR. At this fetal stage, no major alterations were detected in mitochondrial DNA copy number nor markers for oxidative stress. This study shows that in 90-day nonhuman primate fetuses, a 30% decrease in maternal nutrition generated early in utero adaptations in fetal blood biochemical parameters and sex-specific alterations in cardiac left ventricle gene and protein expression profiles, affecting predominantly OXPHOS subunits. Since the OXPHOS system is determinant for energy production in mitochondria, our findings suggest that these early IUGR-induced mitochondrial adaptations play a role in offspring's mitochondrial dysfunction and can increase predisposition to CVD in a sex-specific way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana P. Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (T.C.-O.); (P.J.O.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Mariana S. Diniz
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (T.C.-O.); (P.J.O.)
- PDBEB—Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C. Tavares
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (T.C.-O.); (P.J.O.)
- CIVG—Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama—EUVG, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (T.C.-O.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy & Life-Course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - Laura A. Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.A.C.); (P.W.N.)
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mark J. Nijland
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.A.C.); (P.W.N.)
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (T.C.-O.); (P.J.O.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Packer M. SGLT2 inhibitors: role in protective reprogramming of cardiac nutrient transport and metabolism. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:443-462. [PMID: 36609604 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce heart failure events by direct action on the failing heart that is independent of changes in renal tubular function. In the failing heart, nutrient transport into cardiomyocytes is increased, but nutrient utilization is impaired, leading to deficient ATP production and the cytosolic accumulation of deleterious glucose and lipid by-products. These by-products trigger downregulation of cytoprotective nutrient-deprivation pathways, thereby promoting cellular stress and undermining cellular survival. SGLT2 inhibitors restore cellular homeostasis through three complementary mechanisms: they might bind directly to nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus sensors to promote their cytoprotective actions; they can increase the synthesis of ATP by promoting mitochondrial health (mediated by increasing autophagic flux) and potentially by alleviating the cytosolic deficiency in ferrous iron; and they might directly inhibit glucose transporter type 1, thereby diminishing the cytosolic accumulation of toxic metabolic by-products and promoting the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The increase in autophagic flux mediated by SGLT2 inhibitors also promotes the clearance of harmful glucose and lipid by-products and the disposal of dysfunctional mitochondria, allowing for mitochondrial renewal through mitochondrial biogenesis. This Review describes the orchestrated interplay between nutrient transport and metabolism and nutrient-deprivation and nutrient-surplus signalling, to explain how SGLT2 inhibitors reverse the profound nutrient, metabolic and cellular abnormalities observed in heart failure, thereby restoring the myocardium to a healthy molecular and cellular phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tao W, Yang X, Zhang Q, Bi S, Yao Z. Optimal treatment for post-MI heart failure in rats: dapagliflozin first, adding sacubitril-valsartan 2 weeks later. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1181473. [PMID: 37383701 PMCID: PMC10296765 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1181473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Based on previous research, both dapagliflozin (DAPA) and sacubitril-valsartan (S/V) improve the prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF). Our study aims to investigate whether the early initiation of DAPA or the combination of DAPA with S/V in different orders would exert a greater protective effect on heart function than that of S/V alone in post-myocardial infarction HF (post-MI HF). Methods Rats were randomized into six groups: (A) Sham; (B) MI; (C) MI + S/V (1st d); (D) MI + DAPA (1st d); (E) MI + S/V (1st d) + DAPA (14th d); (F) MI + DAPA (1st d) + S/V (14th d). The MI model was established in rats via surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Histology, Western blotting, RNA-seq, and other approaches were used to explore the optimal treatment to preserve the heart function in post-MI HF. A daily dose of 1 mg/kg DAPA and 68 mg/kg S/V was administered. Results The results of our study revealed that DAPA or S/V substantially improved the cardiac structure and function. DAPA and S/V monotherapy resulted in comparable reduction in infarct size, fibrosis, myocardium hypertrophy, and apoptosis. The administration of DAPA followed by S/V results in a superior improvement in heart function in rats with post-MI HF than those in other treatment groups. The administration of DAPA following S/V did not result in any additional improvement in heart function as compared to S/V monotherapy in rats with post-MI HF. Our findings further suggest that the combination of DAPA and S/V should not be administered within 3 days after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), as it resulted in a considerable increase in mortality. Our RNA-Seq data revealed that DAPA treatment after AMI altered the expression of genes related to myocardial mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. Conclusions Our study revealed no notable difference in the cardioprotective effects of singular DAPA or S/V in rats with post-MI HF. Based on our preclinical investigation, the most effective treatment strategy for post-MI HF is the administration of DAPA during the 2 weeks, followed by the addition of S/V to DAPA later. Conversely, adopting a therapeutic scheme whereby S/V was administered first, followed by later addition of DAPA, failed to further improve the cardiac function compared to S/V monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Tao
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuli Bi
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuhua Yao
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, Tianjin Union Medical Center of Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huang Y, Zhou B. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Diseases and Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051500. [PMID: 37239170 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main site of intracellular synthesis of ATP, which provides energy for various physiological activities of the cell. Cardiomyocytes have a high density of mitochondria and mitochondrial damage is present in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we describe mitochondrial damage in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity, in the context of the key roles of mitochondria in cardiac development and homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the main current therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction, including pharmacological strategies, gene therapy, mitochondrial replacement therapy, and mitochondrial transplantation. It is hoped that this will provide new ideas for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100037, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim Y, Ajayi PT, Bleck CKE, Glancy B. Three-dimensional remodelling of the cellular energy distribution system during postnatal heart development. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210322. [PMID: 36189814 PMCID: PMC9527916 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart meets the high energy demands of constant muscle contraction and calcium cycling primarily through the conversion of fatty acids into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by a large volume of mitochondria. As such, the spatial relationships among lipid droplets (LDs), mitochondria, the sarcotubular system and the contractile apparatus are critical to the efficient distribution of energy within the cardiomyocyte. However, the connectivity among components of the cardiac cellular energy distribution system during postnatal development remains unclear. Here, we use volume electron microscopy to demonstrate that the sarcomere branches uniting the myofibrillar network occur more than twice as frequently during early postnatal development as in mature cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we show that the mitochondrial networks arranged in parallel to the contractile apparatus are composed of larger, more compact mitochondria with greater connectivity to adjacent mitochondria in mature as compared with early postnatal cardiomyocytes. Finally, we find that connectivity among mitochondria, LDs and the sarcotubular network is greater in developing than in mature muscles. These data suggest that physical connectivity among cellular structures may facilitate the communication needed to coordinate developmental processes within the cardiac muscle cell. This article is part of the theme issue 'The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuho Kim
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Peter T. Ajayi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher K. E. Bleck
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grün B, Tirre M, Pyschny S, Singh V, Kehl HG, Jux C, Drenckhahn JD. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration has fundamentally different effects on proliferation, cell survival and stress response in immature versus differentiated cardiomyocyte cell lines. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1011639. [PMID: 36211452 PMCID: PMC9538794 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1011639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial tissue homeostasis is critically important for heart development, growth and function throughout the life course. The loss of cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions ultimately leads to cardiovascular disease due to the limited regenerative capacity of the postnatal mammalian heart. Inhibition of electron transport along the mitochondrial respiratory chain causes cellular stress characterized by ATP depletion as well as excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. Adult cardiomyocytes are highly susceptible to mitochondrial dysfunction whereas embryonic cardiomyocytes in the mouse heart have been shown to be resistant towards mitochondrial complex III inhibition. To functionally characterize the molecular mechanisms mediating this stress tolerance, we used H9c2 cells as an in vitro model for immature cardiomyoblasts and treated them with various inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration. The complex I inhibitor rotenone rapidly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis whereas the complex III inhibitor antimycin A (AMA) had no effect on proliferation and only mildly increased cell death. HL-1 cells, a differentiated and contractile cardiomyocyte cell line from mouse atrium, were highly susceptible to AMA treatment evident by cell cycle arrest and death. AMA induced various stress response mechanisms in H9c2 cells, such as the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), integrated stress response (ISR), heat shock response (HSR) and antioxidative defense. Inhibition of the UPR, ISR and HSR by siRNA mediated knock down of key components does not impair growth of H9c2 cells upon AMA treatment. In contrast, knock down of NRF2, an important transcriptional regulator of genes involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, reduces growth of H9c2 cells upon AMA treatment. Various approaches to activate cell protective mechanisms and alleviate oxidative stress in HL-1 cells failed to rescue them from AMA induced growth arrest and death. In summary, these data show that the site of electron transport interruption along the mitochondrial respiratory chain determines cell fate in immature cardiomyoblasts. The study furthermore points to fundamental differences in stress tolerance and cell survival between immature and differentiated cardiomyocytes which may underlie the growth plasticity of embryonic cardiomyocytes during heart development but also highlight the obstacles of cardioprotective therapies in the adult heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bent Grün
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michaela Tirre
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simon Pyschny
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Hans-Gerd Kehl
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Jux
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jörg-Detlef Drenckhahn
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jörg-Detlef Drenckhahn,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Aging Heart. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020336. [PMID: 35204217 PMCID: PMC8868312 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advances and the availability of diagnostic tools have considerably increased life expectancy and, consequently, the elderly segment of the world population. As age is a major risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is critical to understand the changes in cardiac structure and function during the aging process. The phenotypes and molecular mechanisms of cardiac aging include several factors. An increase in oxidative stress is a major player in cardiac aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is an important mechanism for maintaining physiological processes; its generation is regulated by a system of antioxidant enzymes. Oxidative stress occurs from an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses resulting in the accumulation of free radicals. In the heart, ROS activate signaling pathways involved in myocyte hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, contractile dysfunction, and inflammation thereby affecting cell structure and function, and contributing to cardiac damage and remodeling. In this manuscript, we review recent published research on cardiac aging. We summarize the aging heart biology, highlighting key molecular pathways and cellular processes that underlie the redox signaling changes during aging. Main ROS sources, antioxidant defenses, and the role of dysfunctional mitochondria in the aging heart are addressed. As metabolism changes contribute to cardiac aging, we also comment on the most prevalent metabolic alterations. This review will help us to understand the mechanisms involved in the heart aging process and will provide a background for attractive molecular targets to prevent age-driven pathology of the heart. A greater understanding of the processes involved in cardiac aging may facilitate our ability to mitigate the escalating burden of CVD in older individuals and promote healthy cardiac aging.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The heart is a never-stopping engine that relies on a formidable pool of mitochondria to generate energy and propel pumping. Because dying cardiomyocytes cannot be replaced, this high metabolic rate creates the challenge of preserving organelle fitness and cell function for life. Here, we provide an immunologist's perspective on how the heart solves this challenge, which is in part by incorporating macrophages as an integral component of the myocardium. Cardiac macrophages surround cardiomyocytes and capture dysfunctional mitochondria that these cells eject to the milieu, effectively establishing a client cell-support cell interaction. We refer to this heterologous partnership as heterophagy. Notably, this process shares analogies with other biological systems, is essential for proteostasis and metabolic fitness of cardiomyocytes, and unveils a remarkable degree of dependence of the healthy heart on immune cells for everyday function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Nicolás-Ávila
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Spain (J.A.N.-A., L.P.-C., P.M.-C., A.H.)
| | - Laura Pena-Couso
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Spain (J.A.N.-A., L.P.-C., P.M.-C., A.H.)
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Spain (J.A.N.-A., L.P.-C., P.M.-C., A.H.).,Department of Experimental & Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBERNED, Spain (P.M.-C.).,ICREA, Spain (P.M.-C.)
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Spain (J.A.N.-A., L.P.-C., P.M.-C., A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miao H, Li B, Wang Z, Mu J, Tian Y, Jiang B, Zhang S, Gong X, Shui G, Lam SM. Lipidome Atlas of the Developing Heart Uncovers Dynamic Membrane Lipid Attributes Underlying Cardiac Structural and Metabolic Maturation. RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.34133/research.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Precise metabolic rewiring during heart organogenesis underlies normal cardiac development. Herein, we utilized high-coverage, quantitative lipidomic approaches to construct lipidomic atlases of whole hearts (861 lipids; 31 classes) and mitochondria (587 lipids; 27 classes) across prenatal and postnatal developmental stages in mice. We uncovered the progressive formation of docosahexaenoyl-phospholipids and enhanced remodeling of C18:2, C20:3, and C20:4 fatty acyl moieties into cardiolipins as cardiac development progresses. A preferential flow of ceramides toward sphingomyelin biosynthesis over complex glycosphingolipid formation was also noted. Using maSigPro and GPclust algorithms, we identified a repertoire of 448 developmentally dynamic lipids and mapped their expression patterns to a library of 550 biologically relevant developmentally dynamic genes. Our combinatorial transcriptomics and lipidomics approaches identified
Hadha, Lclat1
, and
Lpcat3
as candidate molecular drivers governing the dynamic remodeling of cardiolipins and phospholipids, respectively, in heart development. Our analyses revealed that postnatal cardiolipin remodeling in the heart constitutes a biphasic process, which first accumulates polyunsaturated C78-cardiolipins prior to tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin forming the predominant species. Multiomics analyses supplemented with transmission electron microscopy imaging uncovered enhanced mitochondria–lipid droplet contacts mediated by perilipin-5. Our combinatorial analyses of multiomics data uncovered an association between mitochondrial-resident, docosahexaenoic acid-phospholipids and messenger RNA levels of proton-transporting adenosine triphosphate synthases on inner mitochondrial membranes, which adds credence to the membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism. The current findings offer lipid-centric biological insights potentially important to understanding the molecular basis of cardiac metabolic flexibility and disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bowen Li
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou 213022, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinming Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binhua Jiang
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou 213022, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xia Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- LipidALL Technologies Company Limited, Changzhou 213022, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Song H, Polster BM, Thompson LP. Chronic hypoxia alters cardiac mitochondrial complex protein expression and activity in fetal guinea pigs in a sex-selective manner. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R912-R924. [PMID: 34730023 PMCID: PMC8714812 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00004.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that intrauterine hypoxia (HPX) alters the mitochondrial phenotype in fetal hearts contributing to developmental programming. Pregnant guinea pigs were exposed to normoxia (NMX) or hypoxia (HPX, 10.5% O2), starting at early [25 days (25d), 39d duration] or late gestation (50d, 14d duration). Near-term (64d) male and female fetuses were delivered by hysterotomy from anesthetized sows, and body/organ weights were measured. Left ventricles of fetal hearts were excised and frozen for measurement of expression of complex (I-V) subunits, fusion (Mfn2/OPA1) and fission (DRP1/Fis1) proteins, and enzymatic rates of I and IV from isolated mitochondrial proteins. Chronic HPX decreased fetal body weight and increased relative placenta weight regardless of timing. Early-onset HPX increased I, III, and V subunit levels, increased complex I but decreased IV activities in males but not females (all P < 0.05). Late-onset HPX decreased (P < 0.05) I, III, and V levels in both sexes but increased I and decreased IV activities in males only. Both HPX conditions decreased cardiac mitochondrial DNA content in males only. Neither early- nor late-onset HPX had any effect on Mfn2 levels but increased OPA1 in both sexes. Both HPX treatments increased DRP1/Fis1 levels in males. In females, early-onset HPX increased DRP1 with no effect on Fis1, whereas late-onset HPX increased Fis1 with no effect on DRP1. We conclude that both early- and late-onset HPX disrupts the expression/activities of select complexes that could reduce respiratory efficiency and shifts dynamics toward fission in fetal hearts. Thus, intrauterine HPX disrupts the mitochondrial phenotype predominantly in male fetal hearts, potentially altering cardiac metabolism and predisposing the offspring to heart dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Loren P Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
GDF15 and Cardiac Cells: Current Concepts and New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168889. [PMID: 34445593 PMCID: PMC8396208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α-like (GFRAL) is an endogenous receptor for GDF15 detected selectively in the brain. GDF15 is not normally expressed in the tissue but is prominently induced by “injury”. Serum levels of GDF15 are also increased by aging and in response to cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. It acts as an inflammatory marker and plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative processes. Identified as a new heart-derived endocrine hormone that regulates body growth, GDF15 has a local cardioprotective role, presumably due to its autocrine/paracrine properties: antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic. GDF15 expression is highly induced in cardiomyocytes after ischemia/reperfusion and in the heart within hours after myocardial infarction (MI). Recent studies show associations between GDF15, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis during heart failure and MI. However, the reason for this increase in GDF15 production has not been clearly identified. Experimental and clinical studies support the potential use of GDF15 as a novel therapeutic target (1) by modulating metabolic activity and (2) promoting an adaptive angiogenesis and cardiac regenerative process during cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we comment on new aspects of the biology of GDF15 as a cardiac hormone and show that GDF15 may be a predictive biomarker of adverse cardiac events.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dumont AA, Dumont L, Zhou D, Giguère H, Pileggi C, Harper ME, Blondin DP, Scott MS, Auger-Messier M. Cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 deletion reveals a mitochondrial regulatory role. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21544. [PMID: 33819356 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002293rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine-rich splicing factor 3 (SRSF3) was recently reported as being necessary to preserve RNA stability via an mTOR mechanism in a cardiac mouse model in adulthood. Here, we demonstrate the link between Srsf3 and mitochondrial integrity in an embryonic cardiomyocyte-specific Srsf3 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse model. Fifteen-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice showed dramatically reduced (below 50%) survival and reduced the left ventricular systolic performance, and histological analysis of these hearts revealed a significant increase in cardiomyocyte size, confirming the severe remodeling induced by Srsf3 deletion. RNA-seq analysis of the hearts of 5-day-old Srsf3 cKO mice revealed early changes in expression levels and alternative splicing of several transcripts related to mitochondrial integrity and oxidative phosphorylation. Likewise, the levels of several protein complexes of the electron transport chain decreased, and mitochondrial complex I-driven respiration of permeabilized cardiac muscle fibers from the left ventricle was impaired. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy analysis showed disordered mitochondrial length and cristae structure. Together with its indispensable role in the physiological maintenance of mouse hearts, these results highlight the previously unrecognized function of Srsf3 in regulating the mitochondrial integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey-Ann Dumont
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Lauralyne Dumont
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Delong Zhou
- Département de microbiologie et d'infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Giguère
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Pileggi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle S Scott
- Département de Biochimie et Génomique Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mannix Auger-Messier
- Département de Médecine - Service de Cardiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhou H, Ren J, Toan S, Mui D. Role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in myocardial infarction: From bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101250. [PMID: 33388396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible death of cardiomyocyte secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen or fresh blood supply. Historically considered as merely cardiomyocyte powerhouse that manufactures ATP and other metabolites, mitochondrion is recently being identified as a signal regulator that is implicated in the crosstalk and signal integration of cardiomyocyte contraction, metabolism, inflammation, and death. Mitochondria quality surveillance is an integrated network system modifying mitochondrial structure and function through the coordination of various processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, bioenergetics, proteostasis, and degradation via mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission favors the elimination of depolarized mitochondria through mitophagy, whereas mitochondrial fusion preserves the mitochondrial network upon stress through integration of two or more small mitochondria into an interconnected phenotype. Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a regenerative program to replace old and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy ones. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is regulated by a metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid usage, depending on oxygen availability. To maintain the diversity and function of mitochondrial proteins, a specialized protein quality control machinery regulates protein dynamics and function through the activity of chaperones and proteases, and induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial quality surveillance and highlight the most recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to restore mitochondrial fitness during both MI and post-MI heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|