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Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Gostomska-Pampuch K, Kuzan A, Pietkiewicz J, Krzystek-Korpacka M, Gamian A. Effect of advanced glycation end-products in a wide range of medical problems including COVID-19. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:36-50. [PMID: 38335908 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Glycation is a physiological process that determines the aging of the organism, while in states of metabolic disorders it is significantly intensified. High concentrations of compounds such as reducing sugars or reactive aldehydes derived from lipid oxidation, occurring for example in diabetes, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, obesity or metabolic syndrome, lead to increased glycation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The level of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the body depends on rapidity of their production and the rate of their removal by the urinary system. AGEs, accumulated in the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels and other organs, cause irreversible changes in the biochemical and biomechanical properties of tissues. As a consequence, micro- and macroangiopathies appear in the system, and may contribute to the organ failure, like kidneys and heart. Elevated levels of AGEs also increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and various cancers. In this paper, we propose a new classification due to modified amino acid residues: arginyl-AGEs, monolysyl-AGEs and lysyl-arginyl-AGEs and dilysyl-AGEs. Furthermore, we describe in detail the effect of AGEs on the pathogenesis of metabolic and old age diseases, such as diabetic complications, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. We summarize the currently available data on the diagnostic value of AGEs and present the AGEs as a therapeutic goal in a wide range of medical problems, including SARS-CoV-2 infection and so-called long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Pietkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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2
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Hassan AA, Bräse S, Aly AA, Tawfeek HN. Chemistry of Substituted Thiazinanes and Their Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E5610. [PMID: 33260625 PMCID: PMC7730229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazinanes and its isomeric forms represent one of the most important heterocyclic compounds, and their derivatives represented a highly potent drug in disease treatment such as, 1,1-dioxido-1,2-thiazinan-1,6-naphthyridine, which has been shown to have anti-HIV activity by a mechanism that should work as anti-AIDS treatment, while (Z)-methyl 3-(naphthalen-1-ylimino)- 2-thia-4-azaspiro[5 5]undecane-4-carbodithioate showed analgesic activity, cephradine was used as antibiotic and chlormezanone was utilized as anticoagulants. All publications were interested in the chemistry of thiazine (partially or fully unsaturated heterocyclic six-membered ring containing nitrogen and sulfur), but no one was dealing with thiazinane itself which encouraged us to shed new light on these interesting heterocycles. This review was focused on the synthetic approaches of thiazinane derivatives and their chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (H.N.T.)
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ashraf A. Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (H.N.T.)
| | - Hendawy N. Tawfeek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.A.A.); (H.N.T.)
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3
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Narangoda CJ, Kakeshpour T, Lex TR, Redden BK, Moore MA, Frank EM, McMillen CD, Wiskur SL, Kitaygorodskiy A, Jackson JE, Whitehead DC. Cycloaddition/Electrocyclic Ring Opening Sequence between Alkynyl Sulfides and Azodicarboxylates To Provide N, N-Dicarbamoyl 2-Iminothioimidates. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9734-9743. [PMID: 31295401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The α-oxidized thioimidates are useful bidentate ligands and are important motifs in pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fungicides. Despite their broad utility, a direct route for their synthesis has been elusive. Herein, we describe a one-step synthesis of N,N-dicarbamoyl 2-iminothioimidates from easily accessible thioacetylenes and commercially available azodicarboxylates (20 examples, ≤99% yield). Additionally, the mechanism of the transformation was extensively explored by variable-temperature NMR, in situ IR, and quantum mechanical simulations. These experiments suggest that the reaction commences with a highly asynchronous [2 + 2] cycloaddition, which leads to a four-membered diazacyclobutene intermediate with a barrier consistent with the observed reaction rate. This intermediate was then isolated for subsequent kinetic measurements, which yielded an experimental barrier within 1 kcal/mol of the calculated barrier for a subsequent 4π electrocyclic ring opening leading to the observed iminothioimidate products. This method represents the first direct route to α-oxidized thioimidates from readily accessible starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayeb Kakeshpour
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | | | - Brandon K Redden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Sheryl L Wiskur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | | | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
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Wei X, Handoko DD, Pather L, Methven L, Elmore JS. Evaluation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in foods, with an emphasis on rice flavour. Food Chem 2017; 232:531-544. [PMID: 28490108 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The popcorn-like aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) is a key contributor to the desirable aroma of fragrant rice and is also important in the aroma of other foods, such as pandan leaf, popcorn and Mediterranean sausage. It can be formed enzymatically in the rice grain as it grows and is also formed, as part of the Maillard reaction, when rice is heated. This review examines the formation of 2-AP in rice and other foods, particularly its formation during cooking, focusing on the importance of the Maillard reaction between reducing sugar breakdown products and 1-pyrroline derived from the amino acids proline and ornithine. The synthesis of 2-AP is discussed alongside the attempts that have been made to stabilise this relatively unstable compound. The analysis of 2-AP by instrumental techniques, particularly gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry, alongside the use of sensory studies, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wei
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Dody D Handoko
- Indonesian Centre for Rice Research, Cikampek, Sukamandi, Subang 41256, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Leela Pather
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - J Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
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5
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Identification of predominant aroma components of raw, dry roasted and oil roasted almonds. Food Chem 2017; 217:244-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Wakte K, Zanan R, Hinge V, Khandagale K, Nadaf A, Henry R. Thirty-three years of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, a principal basmati aroma compound in scented rice (Oryza sativa L.): a status review. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:384-395. [PMID: 27376959 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the staple food of around 3 billion people, most of them in Asia which accounts for 90% of global rice consumption. Aromatic rices have been preferred over non-aromatic rice for hundreds of years. They have a premium value in national as well as international market owing to their unique aroma and quality. Many researchers were involved in identifying the compound responsible for the pleasant aroma in aromatic rice in the 20th century. However, due to its unstable nature, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) was discovered very late, in 1982. Buttery and co-workers found 2AP to be the principal compound imparting the pleasant aroma to basmati and other scented rice varieties. Since then, 2AP has been identified in all fragrant rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and a wide range of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and various food products. The present article reviews in detail biochemical and genetic aspects of 2AP in living systems. The site of synthesis, site of storage and stability in plant systems in vivo is of interest. This compound requires more research on stability to facilitate use as a food additive. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantilal Wakte
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rahul Zanan
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Vidya Hinge
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Kiran Khandagale
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Altafhusain Nadaf
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Robert Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jinhuan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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8
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Serra S. MnO2/TBHP: A Versatile and User-Friendly Combination of Reagents for the Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Methylene Functional Groups. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Lapsongphon N, Yongsawatdigul J, Cadwallader KR. Identification and characterization of the aroma-impact components of Thai fish sauce. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2628-2638. [PMID: 25730550 DOI: 10.1021/jf5061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of the potent odorants in Thai premium fish sauce samples was accomplished by use of complementary volatile isolation methods combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-mass spectrometry. Odorants of intermediate and low volatility were determined by direct solvent extraction/solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (DSE-SAFE) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Meanwhile, static headspace dilution analysis (SHDA) and headspace solid-phase microextraction (H-SPME) were used to determine the highly volatile odorants. Results of AEDA indicated the importance (log3FD factor≥6) of five acidic odorants (butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 4-hydroxy-2-ethyl-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, and 2-phenylacetic acid) and four neutral/basic odorants (3-methylbutanal, (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one, phenylacetaldehyde, and o-aminoacetophone). Results of SHDA indicated the predominant (log3FD factors≥5) headspace odorants were methanethiol, 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, dimethyl trisulfide, 3-(methylthio)propanal, and butanoic acid. Concentrations for 21 odorants were determined by stable isotope dilution analysis (SIDA), and their odor-activity values (OAVs) were calculated. Among these, methanethiol, 2-methylpropanal, 3-methylbutanal, dimethyl trisulfide, 3-(methylthio)propanal, and butanoic acid had the highest OAVs (>500). Results of aroma recombination and omission studies revealed the importance of acids, aldehydes, and sulfur-containing compounds to the overall aroma of the Thai fish sauce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaporn Lapsongphon
- †School of Food Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jirawat Yongsawatdigul
- †School of Food Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Keith R Cadwallader
- ‡Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 1302 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Pace V, Holzer W, Olofsson B. Increasing the Reactivity of Amides towards Organometallic Reagents: An Overview. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fang MC, Cadwallader KR. Stabilization of the potent odorant 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and structural analogues by complexation with zinc halides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8808-8813. [PMID: 25147956 DOI: 10.1021/jf5020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) and the structurally similar compounds 6-acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine (ATHP, along with its tautomer 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine), 2-propionyl-1-pyrroline (2PP), and 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline (2A2T) are well-known potent odorants in various food products. However, due to the highly unstable nature of these compounds, especially 2AP and ATHP, they are scarcely used commercially in flavor formulations. A novel and attractive method for the stabilization of these potent odorants in dry powder form is presented. Coordination of 2AP, ATHP, 2PP, and 2A2T to zinc ions (ZnI2, ZnBr2, or ZnCl2) resulted in the formation in high yields of stable crystalline complexes, which upon hydration release the free odorant. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the coordination complexes. 2AP contains donor atoms, which coordinate (with covalent character) through both the heterocyclic nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen atoms to the zinc ion. This is also the case for ATHP and 2PP, but not for 2A2T, because the sulfur group in 2A2T provides a third possible donor site. Stability studies showed that the 2AP-ZnI2 complex (with 14% loading) maintained >94% retention of 2AP after 3 months of storage at ambient temperature in a dry environment. Meanwhile, the ATHP-ZnI2 complex was similarly stable and retained 89% of the ATHP after 3 months of storage. This stabilization technology may enable the commercial use of this powerful aroma compound as a flavoring agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chih Fang
- Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, 161-2 Kunyang Street, Nangang District, Taipei City, Taiwan 115
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Tumminakatti S, Reddy DN, Lakshmi AN, Prabhakaran EN. Synthesis of 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine containing peptide mimics from N-(3-hydroxypropyl)thioamides and epimerization studies. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Deblander J, Van Aeken S, Adams A, De Kimpe N, Abbaspour Tehrani K. New short and general synthesis of three key Maillard flavour compounds: 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine and 5-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,4-thiazine. Food Chem 2014; 168:327-31. [PMID: 25172717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new general synthetic route towards three key Maillard flavour compounds, namely 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 6-acetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine and 5-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1,4-thiazine, was developed. The key step in the process is the methylenation reaction of azaheterocyclic carboxylic esters by means of dimethyltitanocene, giving rise to intermediate vinyl ethers which can be considered as excellent and stable precursors for the title compounds, as a simple acidic treatment of these precursors suffices to release the characteristic Maillard flavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Deblander
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sam Van Aeken
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - An Adams
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert De Kimpe
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kourosch Abbaspour Tehrani
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Ge H, Liu P, Li X, Sun W, Li J, Yang B, Shi Z. S–Co(II) cascade catalysis: cyclocondensation of aromatic nitriles with alkamine. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lapsongphon N, Cadwallader KR, Rodtong S, Yongsawatdigul J. Characterization of protein hydrolysis and odor-active compounds of fish sauce inoculated with Virgibacillus sp. SK37 under reduced salt content. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6604-6613. [PMID: 23768048 DOI: 10.1021/jf4014923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Virgibacillus sp. SK37, together with reduced salt content, on fish sauce quality, particularly free amino acids and odor-active compounds, was investigated. Virgibacillus sp. SK37 was inoculated with an approximate viable count of 5 log CFU/mL in samples with varied amounts of solar salt, for example, 10, 15, and 20% of total weight. Eighteen selected odorants were quantitated by stable isotope dilution assays (SIDA), and their odor activity values (OAVs) were calculated. Samples prepared using 10% salt underwent spoilage after 7 days of fermentation. The viable count of Virgibacillus sp. SK37 was found over 3 months in the samples containing 15 and 20% salt. However, acceleration of protein hydrolysis was not pronounced in inoculated samples at both 15 and 20% salt. Virgibacillus sp. SK37, together with salt contents reduced to 15-20%, appeared to increase the content of 2-methylpropanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal, acetic acid, and 2-methylpropanoic acid. However, only aldehydes were found to have an effect on the overall aroma of fish sauce based on high OAVs, suggesting that the inoculation of samples with Virgibacillus sp. SK37 under reduced salt contents of 15-20% likely contributed to stronger malty or dark chocolate notes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaporn Lapsongphon
- School of Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon-Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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Kim H, Cadwallader KR, Kido H, Watanabe Y. Effect of addition of commercial rosemary extracts on potent odorants in cooked beef. Meat Sci 2013; 94:170-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Bellesia F, Choi SR, Felluga F, Fiscaletti G, Ghelfi F, Menziani MC, Parsons AF, Poulter CD, Roncaglia F, Sabbatini M, Spinelli D. Novel route to chaetomellic acid A and analogues: serendipitous discovery of a more competent FTase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:348-58. [PMID: 23182215 PMCID: PMC3761967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new practical route to chaetomellic acid A (ACA), based on the copper catalysed radical cyclization (RC) of (Z)-3-(2,2-dichloropropanoyl)-2-pentadecylidene-1,3-thiazinane, is described. Remarkably, the process entailed: (i) a one-pot preparation of the intermediate N-α-perchloroacyl-2-(Z)-alkyliden-1,3-thiazinanes starting from N-(3-hydroxypropyl)palmitamide, (ii) a two step smooth transformation of the RC products into ACA and (iii) only one intermediate chromatographic purification step. The method offers a versatile approach to the preparation of ACA analogues, through the synthesis of an intermediate maleic anhydride with a vinylic group at the end of the aliphatic tail, a function that can be transformed through a thiol-ene coupling. Serendipitously, the disodium salt of 2-(9-(butylthio)nonyl)-3-methylmaleic acid, that we prepared as a representative sulfurated ACA analogue, was a more competent FTase inhibitor than ACA. This behaviour was analysed by a molecular docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Bellesia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena, Via Campi 183, I-40125 Modena, Italia
| | - Seoung-ryoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Fulvia Felluga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L. Giorgeri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italia
| | - Giuliano Fiscaletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena, Via Campi 183, I-40125 Modena, Italia
| | - Franco Ghelfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena, Via Campi 183, I-40125 Modena, Italia
| | - Maria Cristina Menziani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena, Via Campi 183, I-40125 Modena, Italia
| | - Andrew F. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - C. Dale Poulter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East RM 2020, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Fabrizio Roncaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Modena, Via Campi 183, I-40125 Modena, Italia
| | - Massimo Sabbatini
- Dipartimento di Patologia Sistematica, Università degli studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, I-80131 Napoli, Italia
| | - Domenico Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italia
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Zhang S, Zhan M, Luo Q, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Oxidation of C–H bonds to CO bonds by O2 only or N-oxides and DMSO: synthesis of Δ1-bipyrrolinones and pyrrolino[3,2-b]pyrrolinones from 2,6-diazasemibullvalenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6146-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fache F, Cros F, Piva O, Lefebvre F. Easy Access to 2-Alkyl and 2-Arylthiazolines Using a Modified Heteropolyacid Catalysis: Application to the Synthesis of Bacillamide A. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.552834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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CuCl-catalyzed radical cyclisation of N-α-perchloroacyl-ketene-N,S-acetals: a new way to prepare disubstituted maleic anhydrides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dai L, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Khan IA, Clark AM, Li XC. Synthesis and antifungal activity of natural product-based 6-alkyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridines. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2023-2026. [PMID: 21905650 PMCID: PMC3189850 DOI: 10.1021/np200644s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Seven 6-alkyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridines (5a-5g) that mimic the natural piperideines that were recently identified in fire ant venom have been synthesized. Compounds 5c-5g with C-6 alkyl chain lengths from C14 to C18 showed varying degrees of antifungal activities, with 5e (6-hexadecyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine) and 5f (6-heptadecyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine) being the most active. Compound 5e exhibited minimum fungicidal concentrations of 3.8, 15.0, 7.5, and 7.5 μg/mL against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei, respectively. The antifungal activities of these compounds appear to be associated with the C-6 side chain length. This study represents the first effort to evaluate antifungal activities of synthetic analogues of the newly identified fire ant venom alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Dai
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Alice M. Clark
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
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Birlouez-Aragon I, Saavedra G, Tessier FJ, Galinier A, Ait-Ameur L, Lacoste F, Niamba CN, Alt N, Somoza V, Lecerf JM. A diet based on high-heat-treated foods promotes risk factors for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:1220-6. [PMID: 20335546 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modern Western lifestyle is characterized by the consumption of high-heat-treated foods because of their characteristic taste and flavor. However, it has been shown that treating food at high temperatures can generate potentially harmful compounds that promote inflammation and cardiovascular disease in subjects with diabetes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether high-heat-treated foods also pose a risk for healthy subjects. DESIGN A randomized, crossover, diet-controlled intervention trial with 62 volunteers was designed to compare the potential metabolic effects of 2 diets, one that was based on mild steam cooking and another that was based on high-temperature cooking. These 2 diets differed mainly in their contents of Maillard reaction products (MRPs). MRPs were assessed in the diet and in subjects' feces, blood, and urine samples, with N(epsilon)-carboxymethyllysine as an indicator of MRPs. Biological indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism as well as oxidative stress were analyzed in subjects after 1 mo on each diet. RESULTS In comparison with the steamed diet, 1 mo of consuming the high-heat-treated diet induced significantly lower insulin sensitivity and plasma concentrations of long-chain n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids and vitamins C and E [-17% (P < 0.002), -13% (P < 0.0001), and -8% (P < 0.01), respectively]. However, concentrations of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides increased [+5% (P < 0.01) and +9% (P < 0.01), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS A diet that is based on high-heat-treated foods increases markers associated with an enhanced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in healthy people. Replacing high-heat-treatment techniques by mild cooking techniques may help to positively modulate biomarkers associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Birlouez-Aragon
- Department of Food and Biological Processing Sciences, AgroParisTech, Massy, France.
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Watcharananun W, Cadwallader KR, Huangrak K, Kim H, Lorjaroenphon Y. Identification of predominant odorants in thai desserts flavored by smoking with "Tian Op", a traditional Thai scented candle. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:996-1005. [PMID: 19154105 DOI: 10.1021/jf802674c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
"Tian Op", a traditional Thai scented candle, is used for the smoking and flavoring of sweets, cakes, and other desserts for the purpose of adding a unique aroma to the final product. Gas chromatography-olfactometry, aroma extract dilution analysis, and GC-MS were applied to identify the potent odorants in two types of traditional Thai desserts ("num dok mai" and "gleep lum duan") prepared using a Tian Op smoking process. On the basis of the results of AEDA and calculated odor-activity values, the predominant odorants in the Tian Op flavored desserts were vinyl ketones (C(5)-C(9)), n-aldehydes (C(5)-C(11)), (E)-2-unsaturated aldehydes (C(8)-C(11)), and omega-1-unsaturated aldehydes (C(8) and C(9)). Sensory studies of model mixtures confirmed the importance of n-aldehydes, omega-1-unsaturated aldehydes, and guaiacol as predominant odorants; however, the results showed that vinyl ketones and (E)-2-unsaturated aldehydes, despite having high odor-activity values, may be of only minor importance in the typical aroma profiles of traditional Tian Op smoked desserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwarang Watcharananun
- Faculty of Agricultural Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chalongkrung Road, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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Gaumont AC, Gulea M, Levillain J. Overview of the Chemistry of 2-Thiazolines. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1371-401. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800189z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie-Claude Gaumont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Mihaela Gulea
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, 14050 Caen, France
| | - Jocelyne Levillain
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038, ENSICAEN & Université de Caen, 14050 Caen, France
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Birlouez-Aragon I. La réaction de Maillard dans les aliments : quels enjeux pour la santé humaine ? CAHIERS DE NUTRITION ET DE DIETETIQUE 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0007-9960(08)75570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Simple construction of fused and spiro nitrogen/sulfur containing heterocycles by addition of thioamides or thioureas on cycloalkenyl-diazenes: examples of click chemistry. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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