1
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Wang N, Xu HJ, Li T, Ye LW, Zhou B. Copper-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cyclization/Ring Expansion of Ene-Ynamides: Construction of Medium- and Large-Sized Rings. Org Lett 2024; 26:3861-3866. [PMID: 38679881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic cyclization of enynes is an efficient approach for the preparation of cyclic compounds, and a large variety of four- to six-membered rings could be synthesized using this method. However, it has been rarely employed for the construction of medium- and large-sized rings. Herein, we describe a copper-catalyzed cycloisomerization of ene-ynamides through a [2 + 2] cyclization/electrocyclic ring opening cascade, leading to the atom-economical assembly of indole-fused medium- and large-sized rings in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Importantly, the synthetic utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the convenient synthesis of iprindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan 473061, China
| | - Hao-Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Henan 473061, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Kimura R, Yoneda Y, Kuramochi H, Saito S. Environment-sensitive fluorescence of COT-fused perylene bisimide based on symmetry-breaking charge separation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2541-2552. [PMID: 37656334 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and aromatic photofunctional system (FLAP) is composed of flapping rigid aromatic wings fused with a flexible 8π ring at the center such as cyclooctatetraene (COT). A series of FLAP have been actively studied for the interesting dynamic behaviors. Here, we synthesized a new flapping molecule bearing naphtho-perylenebisimide wings (NPBI-FLAP), in which two perylene units are arranged side by side. As a reference compound, we also prepared COT-fused NPBI (NPBI-COT) that contains only single perylene unit. In both compounds, inherent strong fluorescence of the NPBI moiety is almost quenched and the FL lifetime becomes much shortened in highly polar solvents (acetone and DMF). Through the analyses of environment-sensitive fluorescence, electrochemical reduction/oxidation, and femtosecond transient absorption, the fluorescence quenching behavior was attributed to rapid symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) for NPBI-FLAP and to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) for NPBI-COT. Most of the excited species of these compounds decay with the bent geometry, which is in contrast with the excited-state planarization behavior of a previously reported COT-fused peryleneimides with the double-headed arrangement of the perylene moieties. These results indicate that changing the fusion manners between COT and other π skeletons offers new functional molecules with distinct dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoneda
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hikaru Kuramochi
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Shohei Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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3
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Adris D, Taskesenligil Y, Akyildiz V, Essiz S, Saracoglu N. Solvent-Mediated Tunable Regiodivergent C6- and N1-Alkylations of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles with p-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3132-3147. [PMID: 36779866 PMCID: PMC9990074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Indium-catalyzed, solvent-enabled regioselective C6- or N1-alkylations of 2,3-disubstituted indoles with para-quinone methides are developed under mild conditions. Notably, highly selective and switchable alkylations were selectively achieved by adjusting the reaction conditions. Moreover, scalability and further transformations of the alkylation products are demonstrated, and this operationally simple methodology is amenable to the late-stage C6-functionalization of the indomethacin drug. The reaction pathways were explained with the support of experimental and density functional theory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douaa Adris
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Yunus Taskesenligil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Volkan Akyildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Selcuk Essiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Hakkari University, Hakkari 30000, Türkiye
| | - Nurullah Saracoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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4
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Bis(oxiranes) Containing Cyclooctane Core: Synthesis and Reactivity towards NaN 3. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206889. [PMID: 36296482 PMCID: PMC9607513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of oxirane ring opening provide a powerful tool for regio- and stereoselective synthesis of polyfunctional and heterocyclic compounds, widely used in organic chemistry and drug design. Cyclooctane, alongside other medium-sized rings, is of interest as a novel molecular platform for the construction of target-oriented leads. Additionally, cyclooctane derivatives are well known to be prone to transannular reactions, which makes them a promising object in the search for novel approaches to polycyclic structures. In the present work, a series of cyclooctanediones was studied in Corey-Chaykovsky reactions, and novel spirocyclic bis(oxiranes) containing cyclooctane core, namely, 1,5-dioxadispiro[2.0.2.6]dodecane and 1,8-dioxadispiro[2.3.2.3]dodecane, were synthesized. Ring opening of the obtained bis(oxiranes) upon treatment with sodium azide was investigated, and it was found that the reaction path is determined by the reciprocal orientation of oxygen atoms in the oxirane moieties. Diastereomers of the bis(oxiranes) with cis-orientation underwent independent ring opening, supplying corresponding diazidodiols, while in the case of stereoisomers with trans-orientation, domino-like reactions occurred, including intramolecular nucleophilic attack and the formation of a novel three- or six-membered O-containing ring. Summarily, a straightforward approach to polyfunctional compounds containing cyclooctane or oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane cores, employing bis(oxiranes), was elaborated.
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5
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6
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Casadio DS, Aikonen S, Lenarda A, Nieger M, Hu T, Taubert S, Sundholm D, Muuronen M, Wirtanen T, Helaja J. Divergent Carbocatalytic Routes in Oxidative Coupling of Benzofused Heteroaryl Dimers: A Mechanistic Update. Chemistry 2021; 27:5283-5291. [PMID: 33427343 PMCID: PMC8048508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mildly thermal air or HNO3 oxidized activated carbons catalyse oxidative dehydrogenative couplings of benzo[b]fused heteroaryl 2,2'-dimers, e.g., 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1H-indole, to chiral 3,3'-coupled cyclooctatetraenes or carbazole-type migrative products under O2 atmosphere. DFT calculations show that the radical cation and the Scholl-type arenium cation mechanisms lead to different products with 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-1H-indole, being in accord with experimental product distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Casadio
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Santeri Aikonen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Anna Lenarda
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Tao Hu
- Research Unit of Sustainable ChemistryFaculty of TechnologyUniversity of Oulu90014OuluFinland
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Mikko Muuronen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Tom Wirtanen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Juho Helaja
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiA. I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 5500014HelsinkiFinland
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7
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De S, Jash M, Chowdhury C. Palladium(ii) catalysed cascade strategy for the synthesis of dibenzo[5,6:7,8]cycloocta[1,2-b]indol-10-ols/-10(15H)-ones: easy access to 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraenes (COTs). Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15659-15662. [PMID: 33289730 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An atom-economic Pd(ii)-catalysed cascade cyclisation of 2-(biphenylethynyl)anilines tethered to an aldehyde or cyano group leads to the formation of dibenzo[5,6:7,8]cycloocta[1,2-b]indol-10-ols 6 or dibenzo[5,6:7,8]cycloocta[1,2-b]indol-10(15H)-ones 8 with high yields (up to 95%). The reaction proceeds via amino-palladation of the alkyne followed by nucleophilic addition onto the aldehyde/cyano group. Treatment of 6 with p-TsOH·H2O smoothly provided cyclooctatetraene (COT) derivatives 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya De
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata-700032, India.
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8
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Lunagariya J, Bhadja P, Zhong S, Vekariya R, Xu S. Marine Natural Product Bis-indole Alkaloid Caulerpin: Chemistry and Biology. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:751-761. [PMID: 28971770 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170927154231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine bis-indole alkaloids comprise a large and increasingly growing class of secondary metabolites, and continue to deliver a great variety of structural templates for diverse biological targets. The alkaloids derived from marine resources play a crucial role in medicinal chemistry and as chemical agents. In particular, bis-indole alkaloid caulerpin which has been isolated from marine green algae Caulerpa and a red algae Chondria armata at various places around the world, was tested for several therapeutic potentials such as anti-diabetic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti- larvicidal, anti-herpes, anti-tubercular, anti-microbial and immunostimulating activities as well as a means of other chemical agents. Herein, we summarized the discovery and isolation of caulerpin, and its potential medicinal and chemical applications in chronological order with various aspects. Additionally, synthesis of caulerpin and its functional analogues have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jignesh Lunagariya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Poonam Bhadja
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shenghui Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rohit Vekariya
- School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shihai Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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9
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Ertugrul B, Kilic H, Lafzi F, Saracoglu N. Access to C5-Alkylated Indolines/Indoles via Michael-Type Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Using Aryl-Nitroolefins. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9018-9038. [PMID: 29916712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward synthetic route toward C5-alkylated indolines/indoles has been developed. The strategy is composed of Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation of N-benzylindolines with nitroolefins, and a series of diverse indolines was first obtained in up to 99% yield. This reaction provides a direct and practical route to a variety of the C5-alkylated indolines which were also utilized for accessing corresponding indoles. Indoline derivatives with free NH groups could be obtained through an N-deprotection reaction. Moreover, the primary alkyl nitro groups in both indolines and indoles are amenable to further synthetic elaborations, thereby broadening the diversity of the products.
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10
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Sadak AE, Gören AC, Bozdemir ÖA, Saraçoğlu N. Synthesis of Novel meso-
Indole- and meso-
Triazatruxene-BODIPY Dyes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Enis Sadak
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Ataturk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
- TUBITAK-INM, TUBITAK Settlement of Gebze Baris District; Dr. Zeki Acar Street No: 1 Gebze / Kocaeli 41470 Turkey
| | - Ahmet C. Gören
- TUBITAK-INM, TUBITAK Settlement of Gebze Baris District; Dr. Zeki Acar Street No: 1 Gebze / Kocaeli 41470 Turkey
| | - Özgür Altan Bozdemir
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Ataturk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Nurullah Saraçoğlu
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Ataturk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
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11
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Kocaoğlu E, Karaman MA, Tokgöz H, Talaz O. Transition-Metal Catalyst Free Oxidative Radical Arylation of N-Methylpyrrole. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5000-5004. [PMID: 31457776 PMCID: PMC6641933 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study represents an expansion of the application of catalysis in air through conventional coupling and free radical processes. A reactive free aryl radical intermediate was generated via the oxidation of an activated Ar-NH-NH2 bond by air as a simple and readily available oxidant. For this purpose, the usability of phenylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine hydrochloride salt reagents for the direct arylation of pyrrole with aryl radicals was investigated. The facile coupling of N-methylpyrrole with aryl radicals was easily applied for the convenient direct synthesis of C-2 arylated pyrroles without a transition-metal catalyst.
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12
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Ruiz C, Monge Á, Gutiérrez-Puebla E, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Navarrete JTL, Ruiz Delgado MC, Gómez-Lor B. Saddle-Shaped Cyclic Indole Tetramers: 3D Electroactive Molecules. Chemistry 2016; 22:10651-60. [PMID: 27320301 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present a joint theoretical and experimental study of a series of cyclic indole tetramers aimed at understanding the fundamental electronic properties of this 3D platform and evaluating its potential in the construction of new semiconductors. To this end, we combined absorption and Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and spectroelectrochemistry with DFT calculations. Our results suggest that this platform can be easily and reversibly oxidized. Additionally, it has a HOMO that matches very well with the workfunction of gold, therefore charge injection from a gold electrode is expected to occur without significant barriers. Interestingly, the cyclic tetraindoles allow for good electron delocalization in spite of their saddle-shaped structures. The steric constraints introduced by N-substitution significantly inhibits ring inversion of the central cyclooctatetraene unit, whereas it only barely affects the optical and electrochemical properties (a slightly higher oxidation potential and a blueshifted absorption upon alkylation are observed).
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Ruiz
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Monge
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Berta Gómez-Lor
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Wang L, Fang Q, Lu Q, Zhang SJ, Jin YY, Liu ZQ. Octupolar (C3 and S4) Symmetric Cyclized Indole Derivatives: Syntheses, Structures, and NLO Properties. Org Lett 2015; 17:4164-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qi Fang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qing Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shao-jun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Ying-ying Jin
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-qiang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, P. R. China
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14
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Goswami P, Borah AJ, Phukan P. Formation of Cyclohepta[b]indole Scaffolds via Heck Cyclization: A Strategy for Structural Analogues of Ervatamine Group of Indole Alkaloid. J Org Chem 2014; 80:438-46. [PMID: 25435251 DOI: 10.1021/jo502443a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ervatamine, silicine, methuenine, etc., are naturally occurring alkaloids that exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-HIV activities. Indole fused with a seven-membered carbocyclic ring is a commonly observed structural feature among this series of bioactive compounds. This work describes a strategic approach for the synthesis of cyclohepta[b]indole structural scaffolds. The synthetic strategy consists of a solvent-free Baylis-Hillman reaction of 2-bromobenzaldehydes, followed by iodine-catalyzed C-alkylation of indole with the Baylis-Hillman adducts. Finally, intramolecular Heck coupling reaction using Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst in the presence of benzyltrimethylammonium bromide under microwave condition produced the desired cyclohepta[b]indole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam, India
| | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam, India
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15
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Yang H, Liu DQ, Liang TJ, Li J, Liu AH, Yang P, Lin K, Yu XQ, Guo YW, Mao SC, Wang B. Racemosin C, a novel minor bisindole alkaloid with protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitory activity from the green alga Caulerpa racemosa. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:1158-1165. [PMID: 25296343 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.965162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel minor bisindole alkaloid, racemosin C (1), characterized by a naturally unprecedented 8-hydroxy-2,4,6-cyclooctatrienone ring fused with two indole systems, was isolated from the green alga Caulerpa racemosa, together with one known related metabolite, caulersin (2). The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and by comparison with the data of related known compounds. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of 1 was proposed. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant PTP1B inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 5.86 ± 0.57 and 7.14 ± 1.00 μM, respectively, compared with the positive control oleanolic acid (IC50 = 3.03 ± 0.20 μM). On the basis of the data obtained, the Caulerpa bisindole alkaloids may be considered as a new class of PTP1B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- a School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University , Nanchang 330006 , China
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16
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Zhu C, Ma S. Studies on Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dihydrocycloocta- [b]indoles and their Thermal Reactivities with Maleimide or Maleic Anhydride. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Wang F, Li XC, Lai WY, Chen Y, Huang W, Wudl F. Synthesis and Characterization of Symmetric Cyclooctatetraindoles: Exploring the Potential as Electron-Rich Skeletons with Extended π-Systems. Org Lett 2014; 16:2942-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang-Chun Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
- California
NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6105, United States
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fred Wudl
- California
NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-6105, United States
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18
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Veale CGL, Davies-Coleman MT. Marine Bi-, Bis-, and Trisindole Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2013; 73:1-64. [PMID: 26521648 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411565-1.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter, covering the chemistry literature up until June 2013 and comprising 142 references, records the chemical structures of 130 bi-, bis-, and trisindole alkaloids isolated from a plethora of marine phyla including bacteria, algae, bryozoans, sponges, mollusks, hard corals, and ascidians. While the vast majority of bisindoles have been isolated from marine sponges, biindoles are more commonly found in red algae species than sponges. Trisindoles are far less common than bisindoles in the marine environment and have been limited to two species of sponge and a single species of marine microbe. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity dominate the bioactivities explored for selected members of this family of alkaloids. Synthetic approaches to 28 natural products are presented in 33 schemes, and in the absence of any in vivo biosynthetic studies, the putative biosyntheses of eight bisindole metabolites are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
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19
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Mouri K, Saito S, Hisaki I, Yamaguchi S. Thermal 8π electrocyclic reaction of heteroarene tetramers: new efficient access to π-extended cyclooctatetraenes. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Zhu C, Zhang X, Lian X, Ma S. One-pot approach to installing eight-membered rings onto indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7817-20. [PMID: 22740322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ring fusion: The Pd(0)-catalyzed reaction of 2-allyl-3-iodo-1-tosyl-1H-indoles and propargylic bromides affords dihydrocycloocta[b]indoles (see scheme; M.S. = molecular sieves, TFP = tris(2-furyl)phosphine, Ts = 4-toluenemethanesulfonyl), and proceeds by carbon-carbon coupling, [1,5]-hydrogen migration, and electrocyclization. The newly established method was used to efficiently access iprindole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Zhu C, Zhang X, Lian X, Ma S. One-Pot Approach to Installing Eight-Membered Rings onto Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Platon M, Amardeil R, Djakovitch L, Hierso JC. Progress in palladium-based catalytic systems for the sustainable synthesis of annulated heterocycles: a focus on indole backbones. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3929-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15350e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Li YX, Ji KG, Wang HX, Ali S, Liang YM. Iodine-induced regioselective C-C and C-N bonds formation of N-protected indoles. J Org Chem 2010; 76:744-7. [PMID: 21182271 DOI: 10.1021/jo1023014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild, metal-free, and environmently benign iodine-promoted regioselective C-C and C-N bonds formation of N-protected indole derivatives giving 2,3'-biindoles 2 and 4-(1H-indol-2-yl)morpholines 4 is successfully demonstrated. Various bioactive 2,3'-biindoles and 4-(1H-indol-2-yl)morpholines, bearing electron-rich to moderately electron-poor substituents, can be prepared in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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